专题01 单元语法之三大时态复习（期中复习讲义） 高二英语上学期上海通用

专题01 单元语法之三大时态复习（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 （2）高频难点：现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（有提示词）——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海秋考】Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【2023上海春考】As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【2022上海秋考】 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 考情分析： 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时：2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”（hasn't seen）。 2.一般过去时：2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态：如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”（一般现在时被动）。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强：如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态，需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现：如现在完成进行时（have been doing）需储备基础用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法； 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法，避免机械套用公式； 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 教材单元语法复习 知识点01 过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 知识点02 ◆ 将来进行时（难点） 将来进行时概念：表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 将来进行时的用法： 1. 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 　　This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 　　What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? We'll be watching television all evening. 2. 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。 　　We'll be having tea after dinner as usual. 　　I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 知识点03 ◆ 现在完成进行时 （重点）现在完成进行时的构成 考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 2.现在完成进行时的用法 (1) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2) 所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时之比较 It has rained for three hours. 　　 雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作不再延续下去) 　　It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续) We have been cleaning the classroom． 我们打扫教室来着。 　　We have cleaned the classroom． 我们把教室打扫过了。 【即时检测】 一、单项选择 1．By the time the fire engine arrived, the entire building ________ down due to an accidental electrical fault. A．burned B．had burned C．has been burned D．is being burned 2．Jessica ________ to visit her grandma when she was in Beijing, but she was occupied with work. A．was intending B．intended C．has intended D．had intended 3．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone ________ me that morning. A．had interrupted B．have interrupted C．would interrupt D．interrupted 4．At 9:00 a.m. tomorrow, our class ________ a chemistry experiment in the lab, so don’t forget to wear safety goggles. A．will do B．will be doing C．are doing D．have done 5．Don’t call me between 9:30 and 11:30 tomorrow morning. I an essay. A．will write B．am writing C．will be writing D．am to write 6．Sorry, I can’t go to your birthday party on Friday night, because I ______ an important meeting at that time. A．attend B．would attend C．will be attending D．have attended 7．Marty ________ on his math homework for two hours and he thinks he will finish it in half an hour. A．had worked B．was working C．has been worked D．has been working 8．He ________ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he_______ about thirty articles. A．has written; has written B．has been writing; wrote C．is writing; has been writing D．has been writing; has written 9．Mr. Green his reading report for three hours without a break; he must be tired now. A．had written B．was writing C．would write D．has been writing 10．The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A．has studied; didn’t find B．studied; haven’t found C．has been studying; haven’t found D．had studied; hadn’t found 11．Peter ________ the house two years ago and now it ________ to Mr. Turner. A．has sold; belongs B．has sold; is belonging C．sold; belongs D．sold; is belonged 12．It ________ long before the school art festival opens, and drama clubs are rehearsing nonstop to perfect their performances. A．isn’t B．hasn’t been C．wasn’t D．won’t be 13．For the past few years, India ________ rapid development in the field of computer software engineering A．had gained B．has gained C．was gaining D．gained 14．At the ongoing international technology conference, many a research team ______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges. A．are presenting B．is presenting C．was presenting D．were presenting 15．While the lights ________ to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner and rushed out. A．change B．have changed C．were changing D．will change 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.提取中文句子的时间信息（显性时间词或隐性语境），匹配对应时态（如 “已经完成”→现在完成时 “have/has done”）； 2.判断动作的主动 / 被动：若中文强调 “被影响”，直接用被动语态（注意时态与被动的结合，如 “昨天被批评”→一般过去时被动 “was/were criticized”）； 3.检查动词形式（确保过去分词、第三人称单数等细节正确，如被动语态中过去分词的拼写）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Don’t call me at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon because I (occupation) myself with a scientific experiment then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．They will be (extend) their hours when final exams begin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Tomorrow at 8 p.m., I (attend) an online lecture on environmental science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The company still claimed that most people (be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Next weekend at this time, the entire family (gather) at our grandparents’ house, enjoying a delicious homemade meal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．He (learn) shorthand for ages but is still unable to put it to good use. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．This couple (live) in Guangzhou since 2008. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．We (negotiable) with the manager for a short working week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Scientists have been (contribution) to the fight against diseases for decades. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．For the past two years, they (study) ways to kill bacteria under zero gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．By the time he arrived in the country, he (learn) very little English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The children (consume) all the hot dogs and hamburgers when I came in. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I (assume) that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．They (hope) to hold the school sports meeting, but it rained heavily. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、句子翻译 1．明天下午四点钟我们将在电影院看电影。(汉译英) 2．明天这个时候，我们将正在国家公园里骑车。(cycle) (汉译英) 3．自8岁起，她就一直打乒乓球并且已经赢得了很多奖牌。(medal) (汉译英) 4．村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。 (turn) 5．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 1．那是我第一次意识到我绝不应该退而求其次。It (汉译英) 2．这位年迈的物理学家背井离乡数十载，如今重返故里，惊觉当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖。 (strike) (汉译英) 3．正要给保安出示露天音乐会的门票时，他突然想起来是把它给落在行李寄存柜了。(occur) (汉译英) 4．我一直在纠结要不要报名参加新成立的文化共享俱乐部。(sign) (汉译英) 5．他已行医三十余载，病患无不称赞其医术高超，品德高尚。(compliment) 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．She (pretend) to be reading when her mother came in. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Never before I read an article that is so full of lies. (用适当的词填空) 3．Was it the first time that you (visit) the science museum? (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Steve (play) rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．It (rain) for a whole week if it rains again tomorrow. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...)，根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 单元语法之三大时态复习（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 （2）高频难点：现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（有提示词）——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海秋考】Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【2023上海春考】As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【2022上海秋考】 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 考情分析： 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时：2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”（hasn't seen）。 2.一般过去时：2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态：如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”（一般现在时被动）。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强：如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态，需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现：如现在完成进行时（have been doing）需储备基础用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法； 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法，避免机械套用公式； 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 教材单元语法复习 知识点01 过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 知识点02 ◆ 将来进行时（难点） 将来进行时概念：表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 将来进行时的用法： 1. 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。 　　This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 　　What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? We'll be watching television all evening. 2. 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。 　　We'll be having tea after dinner as usual. 　　I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 知识点03 ◆ 现在完成进行时 （重点） 1. 现在完成进行时的构成 考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 2.现在完成进行时的用法 (1) 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2) 所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 3.现在完成进行时与现在完成时之比较 It has rained for three hours. 　　 雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作不再延续下去) 　　It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续) We have been cleaning the classroom． 我们打扫教室来着。 　　We have cleaned the classroom． 我们把教室打扫过了。 【即时检测】 一、单项选择 1．By the time the fire engine arrived, the entire building ________ down due to an accidental electrical fault. A．burned B．had burned C．has been burned D．is being burned 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：等到消防车赶到时，整座大楼已经因意外的电气故障而完全烧毁了。动词burn在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语从句“By the time the fire engine arrived”中的谓语动词arrived可知，动词burn发生的动作在动词arrive之前，而且arrive使用的是一般过去时时态，动词burn需用过去完成时时态had burned表示。故选B。 2．Jessica ________ to visit her grandma when she was in Beijing, but she was occupied with work. A．was intending B．intended C．has intended D．had intended 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：杰西卡原本打算在北京的时候去看望她的奶奶，但她工作太忙了。根据“but she was occupied with work.”可知，杰西卡原本打算去看望她的奶奶，但是没有去，had intended to do sth. 表示“原本打算做某事（但实际上没做）”符合句意。故选D项。 3．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone ________ me that morning. A．had interrupted B．have interrupted C．would interrupt D．interrupted 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：门被敲响了。这是当天上午第二次有人来打扰我了。此处为句型“it was the second time+that从句”，从句表述的是在过去某个时间点之前已经发生的事情，用过去完成时。故选A。 4．At 9:00 a.m. tomorrow, our class ________ a chemistry experiment in the lab, so don’t forget to wear safety goggles. A．will do B．will be doing C．are doing D．have done 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天上午9点，我们班要在实验室做化学实验，所以别忘了戴上护目镜。根据时间状语“At 9:00 a.m. tomorrow”可知，句子描述将来某个时间点正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时will be doing。故选B。 5．Don’t call me between 9:30 and 11:30 tomorrow morning. I an essay. A．will write B．am writing C．will be writing D．am to write 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天上午9:30到11:30之间别给我打电话。我那时将正在写一篇文章。write(写)是谓语动词，根据“Don’t call me between 9:30 and 11:30 tomorrow morning”可知，此处强调在明天上午9:30到11:30这个时间段正在进行写文章的动作，应用将来进行时will be writing。故选C项。 6．Sorry, I can’t go to your birthday party on Friday night, because I ______ an important meeting at that time. A．attend B．would attend C．will be attending D．have attended 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。 句意：抱歉，周五晚上我不能去参加你的生日派对了，因为那时我将正在参加一个重要会议。 根据 “on Friday night”（周五晚上）和 “at that time”（在那时）可知，这里指周五晚上那个时间“我”正在进行的动作，所以要用将来进行时。故选C。 7．Marty ________ on his math homework for two hours and he thinks he will finish it in half an hour. A．had worked B．was working C．has been worked D．has been working 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：马蒂已经持续做了两个小时的数学作业，他认为再过半小时就能完成。这里考查谓语动词，主语Marty与work为主动关系，且由for two hours and he thinks he will finish it in half an hour可知，这里时态应用现在完成进行时，强调“做作业”这一动作从过去某时开始，持续到现在并仍在进行（已持续两小时）。故选D项。 8．He ________ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he_______ about thirty articles. A．has written; has written B．has been writing; wrote C．is writing; has been writing D．has been writing; has written 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：这三年来他一直在为我们的墙报写文章，已经写了大约30篇。分析句子可知，第一空根据“these three years”可知，这里表示动作从过去持续到现在，且可能仍在进行。现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）强调动作的持续性和未完成性，符合“一直为墙报写文章”的语境；第二空根据“about thirty articles”可知，这里强调动作的结果或完成量，现在完成时（have/has done），符合“已经写了30篇”的语义。故选D项。 9．Mr. Green his reading report for three hours without a break; he must be tired now. A．had written B．was writing C．would write D．has been writing 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态。句意：格林先生已经连续不间断地写他的阅读报告三个小时了；他现在一定很累了。write(写)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“for three hours without a break”以及“he must be tired now”可推知，格林先生从过去开始写报告一直持续到现在，并且这个动作可能还会继续，所以用现在完成进行时强调动词一直进行。故选D项。 10．The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A．has studied; didn’t find B．studied; haven’t found C．has been studying; haven’t found D．had studied; hadn’t found 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究团队从去年开始就一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，但他们还没有发现任何结果。第一个空，根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处表示从去年开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能继续持续下去，因此应用现在完成进行时，即has been studying，表示研究团队从去年开始一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，强调动作的延续性。第二个空，根据“yet”可知，此处表示到目前为止还没有发现任何结果，应用现在完成时，即haven’t found。故选C。 11．Peter ________ the house two years ago and now it ________ to Mr. Turner. A．has sold; belongs B．has sold; is belonging C．sold; belongs D．sold; is belonged 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态。 句意：彼得两年前卖掉了房子，现在它属于特纳先生。根据时间状语two years ago可知，第一空表示“过去发生的动作，所以应该用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，即sold；第二空表示“现在它属于特纳先生”，belong to意为“属于”，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时，所以应该用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即belongs。故选C。 12．It ________ long before the school art festival opens, and drama clubs are rehearsing nonstop to perfect their performances. A．isn’t B．hasn’t been C．wasn’t D．won’t be 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：学校艺术节不久就要开幕了，戏剧社正在不停排练以完善他们的表演。本句表达“过不了多久就会……”，主句和从句都表示将来的动作或状态。before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句则应用一般将来时。故选D项。 13．For the past few years, India ________ rapid development in the field of computer software engineering A．had gained B．has gained C．was gaining D．gained 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：过去几年，印度在计算机软件工程领域取得了快速发展。结合句意，句中时间状语for the past few years表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，与现在完成时连用。主语India是单数，因此助动词用has。动词gain的过去分词是gained。故选B。 14．At the ongoing international technology conference, many a research team ______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges. A．are presenting B．is presenting C．was presenting D．were presenting 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在正在进行的国际技术会议上，许多研究团队提出了应对全球能源挑战的创新解决方案。由At the ongoing international technology conference可知，句子时态是现在进行时，“many a+可数名词的单数形式”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，因此空格处是is presenting。故选B。 15．While the lights ________ to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner and rushed out. A．change B．have changed C．were changing D．will change 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当灯变红时，一辆汽车突然出现在拐角处并冲了出来。change(改变，变化)作从句谓语，根据语境可知，这里表示交通灯正在转变的过程中，汽车突然出现，所以要用过去进行时态were changing。故选C。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.提取中文句子的时间信息（显性时间词或隐性语境），匹配对应时态（如 “已经完成”→现在完成时 “have/has done”）； 2.判断动作的主动 / 被动：若中文强调 “被影响”，直接用被动语态（注意时态与被动的结合，如 “昨天被批评”→一般过去时被动 “was/were criticized”）； 3.检查动词形式（确保过去分词、第三人称单数等细节正确，如被动语态中过去分词的拼写）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Don’t call me at 2:00 tomorrow afternoon because I (occupation) myself with a scientific experiment then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be occupying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天下午2点别给我打电话，因为那时我将正在专心做一项科学实验。空处作谓语，occupation的动词形式是occupy，根据时间状语“at 2 tomorrow afternoon”和“then”可知，此处使用将来进行时表示在将来某个特定时间点正在进行的动作。故填will be occupying。 2．They will be (extend) their hours when final exams begin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：期末考试开始时，他们将延长营业时间。extend“延长”。根据when final exams begin和空前的空前will be可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，时态用将来进行时，谓语用will be extending。故填extending。 3．Tomorrow at 8 p.m., I (attend) an online lecture on environmental science. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be attending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天晚上8点，我将参加一场关于环境科学的在线讲座。句中时间状语Tomorrow at 8 p.m.表示将来某个具体的时间点，强调在该时间点正在进行的动作，时态应用将来进行时will be doing。故填will be attending。 4．The company still claimed that most people (be) travelling in driverless cars one day soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be 【详解】考查时态。句意：该公司仍宣称，未来不久，大多数人将会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。that引导宾语从句，设空处为从句谓语；根据主句谓语claimed以及从句中的时间状语one day soon可知，此处应用过去将来进行时。故此处填would be，与空后travelling共同构成过去将来进行时。故填would be。 5．Next weekend at this time, the entire family (gather) at our grandparents’ house, enjoying a delicious homemade meal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be gathering 【详解】考查时态。句意：下周末的这个时候，全家人将聚集在我们祖父母家，享受一顿美味的自制大餐。句子描述“下周末这个时间点”（Next weekend at this time）正在发生的动作，强调将来具体时刻的持续状态，需用将来进行时（will be + 现在分词），故填will be gathering。 6．He (learn) shorthand for ages but is still unable to put it to good use. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been learning 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他学习速记已经有好几年了，但仍然不能很好地运用它。根据时间状语for ages以及下文but is still unable to put it to good use可知，此处强调动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能仍然要继续下去，故时态应用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has been+现在分词，主语He是第三人称单数，助动词需用has，learn的现在分词是learning。故填has been learning。 7．This couple (live) in Guangzhou since 2008. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been living 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这对夫妇自2008年以来一直住在广州。在句中作谓语，由since 2008以及句意可知，此句表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能还将继续进行下去，用现在完成进行时，主语This couple“这对夫妇”表复数概念，助动词用have，故填have been living。 8．We (negotiable) with the manager for a short working week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been negotiating 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我们一直在和经理协商缩短每周工作时间。此处缺少谓语动词，所给词negotiable为形容词，其动词形式为negotiate“协商”；根据时间状语“for a short working week”可知，“协商”这一动作可能从过去开始，持续到现在并仍在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语为复数，助动词用have。 故填have been negotiating。 9．Scientists have been (contribution) to the fight against diseases for decades. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】contributing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，科学家们一直在为对抗疾病做出贡献。根据句意及“for decades”可知，此处表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，使用现在完成进行时，由“have/has been+现在分词”构成，故填contributing。 10．For the past two years, they (study) ways to kill bacteria under zero gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have studied/have been studying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意为：在过去的两年里, 他们研究了/一直在研究在零重力下杀死细菌的方法。由For the past two years可知, 此处应用完成时, 此处可表示动作从过去的某一时间开始, 一直持续到现在, 用现在完成时;此处也可表示动作还在继续或可能继续下去, 用现在完成进行时。故填have studied/have been studying。 11．By the time he arrived in the country, he (learn) very little English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had learned 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：当他到达这个国家时，他只学了很少的英语。“By the time +过去时间”后接从句时，主句动作发生在从句之前（到达前已学习），需用过去完成时。故填had learned。 12．The children (consume) all the hot dogs and hamburgers when I came in. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had consumed 【详解】考查时态。句意：我进来时，孩子们已经吃光了所有的热狗和汉堡包。由when I came in可知，空格处时态用过去完成时，表示在过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作，因此空格处是had consumed。故填had consumed。 13．For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I (assume) that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had assumed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在“图书馆”开放后的几个月里，我都懒得去看一眼，因为我以为里面会塞满奶酪爱情故事。由didn’t bother可知，assume的动作发生在过去的过去，因此空格处用过去完成时。故填had assumed。 14．I (expect) to arrive on time, but I was caught in the traffic jam. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had expected 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本期望能准时到达，但却遇上了交通堵塞。根据“but I was caught in the traffic jam (但我遇上了交通堵塞)”可知，“遇上堵车”用的是一般过去时，因此是过去发生的动作。“期望准时到达”是发生在“遇上堵车”之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时（had+过去分词）来体现动作的先后顺序。had expected to表示“本期望……，但结果并非如此”。故填had expected。 15．They (hope) to hold the school sports meeting, but it rained heavily. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had hoped 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他们原本希望举办学校运动会的，但下起了倾盆大雨。动词hope表示“希望”，在句中作谓语，根据but it rained heavily可知，空处表示原本希望，应用过去完成时。故填had hoped。 二、句子翻译 1．明天下午四点钟我们将在电影院看电影。(汉译英) 【答案】Tomorrow afternoon at four o’clock, we will be watching a movie at the cinema. 【详解】考查动词时态。根据“明天下午四点钟”可知，句子应用将来进行时，表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，故应用将来进行时will be + V-ing结构。表示具体时间“明天下午四点钟”应用tomorrow afternoon at four o’clock。表示“在电影院”用at the cinema。表示“看电影”用固定短语watch a movie。故翻译为：Tomorrow afternoon at four o’clock, we will be watching a movie at the cinema. 2．明天这个时候，我们将正在国家公园里骑车。(cycle) (汉译英) 【答案】We’ll be cycling in the national park this time tomorrow. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“明天这个时候”应用时间状语this time tomorrow；表示“我们”应用we；表示“骑车”应用cycle，结合时间状语可知，使用将来进行时will be cycling；表示“国家公园”应用the national park。故翻译成：We’ll be cycling in the national park this time tomorrow.。 3．自8岁起，她就一直打乒乓球并且已经赢得了很多奖牌。(medal) (汉译英) 【答案】She has been playing table tennis since she was eight and has won many medals. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，“自 8 岁起”译为“since she was eight”，“since”引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。“一直打乒乓球”强调动作从过去持续到现在且可能仍在进行，用现在完成进行时“has been playing table tennis”，符合语境中“持续进行的动作”。“已经赢得了很多奖牌”用现在完成时“has won many medals”，体现“赢得奖牌” 这一动作对现在的影响（拥有奖牌这一结果）。两个分句用“and”连接，时态一致且逻辑清晰。故翻译为：She has been playing table tennis since she was eight and has won many medals. 4．村子里弃用已久的一处旧仓库被改造成了饭店。 (turn) 【答案】An old warehouse that had been out of use for a long time in the village was converted into a restaurant. 【详解】考查时态和固定短语和从句。先翻译句子主干，句子主语“一处旧仓库”An old warehouse，an位于句首首字母大写，“被改造成”be converted into，句子描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时，单数名词作主语be用was，“饭店”a restaurant，然后用that引导限制性定语从句表示“村子里弃用已久的”，that指代先行词An old warehouse，在从句中作主语，“不用”be out of use，该动作发生在“被改造”之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，“很久”for a long time，“村子里”in the village。故翻译为An old warehouse that had been out of use for a long time in the village was converted into a restaurant. 5．这位老中医已行医三十载，病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽。（whose）（汉译英） 【答案】This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 【详解】考查句子结构和whose引导的非限制性定语从句。“这位老中医已行医三十载”为主句，主语“这位老中医”用名词短语“this old Chinese doctor”表达；“行医”用动词短语“practice medicine”表达，结合语境和时间状语，这里用现在完成进行时，即“have/has been doing…”表示从过去持续到现在并会继续持续下去的动作；“三十载”作时间状语，用介词短语“for thirty years”表达。因此，主句译为“this old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years”。“（这位老中医的）病患无不称赞其妙手回春，对他感激不尽”作从句，用一般现在时。主语“（这位老中医的）病患”用“this old Chinese doctor’s patients”表达，因此，“this old Chinese doctor ”做先行词，与之后名词之间为所属关系，用whose引导从句，即“whose patients”；“无不称赞”用动词短语“all praise”表达，“其妙手回春”用短语“his remarkable skills in healing”表达；“对他感激不尽”与之前“无不称赞”为并列谓语短语，用短语“be deeply grateful to him”表达，结合从句主语，be用“are”，与之前并列谓语用“and”连接。因此从句译为“whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him”。故翻译为：This old Chinese doctor has been practicing medicine for thirty years, whose patients all praise his remarkable skills in healing and are deeply grateful to him. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 1．那是我第一次意识到我绝不应该退而求其次。It (汉译英) 【答案】It was the first time that I had realized I should never settle for the second best. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词和时态。分析句子结构：“那是我第一次……”陈述过去事情，用一般过去时态，表达为常用句型“It was the first time that...”，在这个句型中，that从句要用过去完成时，即“had+过去分词”形式。“意识到”对应的英文单词是“realize”，过去分词形式是“realized”，所以“我意识到”在这个句型里就是“I had realized”。“绝不应该”是“should never”。“退而求其次”常见表达为“settle for the second best”。故翻译为：It was the first time that I had realized I should never settle for the second best.。 2．这位年迈的物理学家背井离乡数十载，如今重返故里，惊觉当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖。 (strike) (汉译英) 【答案】After decades of living far from home, the aged physicist returned to his hometown, only to be struck by the sight that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy. 【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和从句。根据中文提示可知，表示“背井离乡数十载(后)”应用After decades of living far from home，为介词短语作状语，其中 living far from home(离乡)为动名词作宾语；表示“这位年迈的物理学家”应用the aged physicist ，为名词短语作主语；表示“重返故里”应用returned to his hometown，时态用一般过去时表示过去情况；表示“惊觉(景象)”应用only to be struck by the sight，其中be struck by表“惊觉”， only to do sth.，为不定式短语表示出乎意料的结果；表示“当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖”应用that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy，为同位语从句解释说明the sight，其中he had planted with his own hands(当年手植的)为定语从句修饰前面名词the small tree，a towering one with a thick, shady canopy(一棵有着浓密阴凉树冠的大树)，为名词短语作宾语，这里时态都用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”概念。故翻译为After decades of living far from home, the aged physicist returned to his hometown, only to be struck by the sight that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy. 3．正要给保安出示露天音乐会的门票时，他突然想起来是把它给落在行李寄存柜了。(occur) (汉译英) 【答案】He was about to show the security guard his ticket for the open-air concert when it occurred to him that he had left it in the luggage locker. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词和名词。“正要……突然……”为be about to do sth when...,根据句意可知，主句为过去将来时，从句为一般过去时。“给保安出示露天音乐会的门票”为“show the security guard his ticket for the open-air concert”。“突然想起……”为固定句型it occurred to sb that...“把它给落在行李寄存柜了”描述过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时，翻译为he had left it in the luggage locker。故翻译为He was about to show the security guard his ticket for the open-air concert when it occurred to him that he had left it in the luggage locker. 4．我一直在纠结要不要报名参加新成立的文化共享俱乐部。(sign) (汉译英) 【答案】I’ve been struggling with whether to sign up for the newly established Cultural Sharing Club. 【详解】考查时态和特殊疑问词加不定式结构。表示“我”用I，作主语。表示“与……斗争”用struggle with，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能还会继续下去，时态用现在完成进行时，谓语用have been struggling with；表示“是否”用whether，表示“报名参加”用动词短语sign up for，“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构，可以作宾语，所以用whether to sign up for作宾语。表示“新成立的文化共享俱乐部”用the newly established Cultural Sharing Club，作sign up for的宾语。故翻译为I’ve been struggling with whether to sign up for the newly established Cultural Sharing Club. 5．他已行医三十余载，病患无不称赞其医术高超，品德高尚。(compliment) 【答案】He has been practicing medicine for over thirty years, and all his patients compliment him on his exceptional medical skills and noble character. 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和固定短语。表示“行医”应用短语 practice medicine，根据“已行医三十余载”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时have/has been practicing，主语是单数，助动词使用has；“三十余载”翻译为for over thirty years；表示“称赞某人某事”短语为compliment sb. on sth.，“病患无不称赞”即“所有病患都称赞”，译为all his patients compliment him on；“医术高超”可译为exceptional medical skills，“品德高尚”译为noble character，二者并列作介词on的宾语。故整句翻译为He has been practicing medicine for over thirty years, and all his patients compliment him on his exceptional medical skills and noble character. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．She (pretend) to be reading when her mother came in. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】pretended 【详解】考查时态。句意：她妈妈进来时，她假装在看书。由came可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填pretended。 2．Never before I read an article that is so full of lies. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】have 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和倒装。句意：我以前从未读过一篇如此充满谎言的文章。由before可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语是I，现在完成时中的助动词用have，never是否定副词，位于句首，引起句子部分倒装，即将助动词have提前到主语I前面，因此空格处是have。故填have。 3．Was it the first time that you (visit) the science museum? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查固定句型中的时态。句意：这是你第一次参观科学博物馆吗？It is/was the first/second/third...time that...为固定句型，意为“是某人第几次做某事”，从句中需用现在完成时或过去完成时，由主句中的was可知，此处为一般过去时，从句应用过去完成时，从句主语为you，助动词用had。故填had visited。 4．Steve (play) rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been playing 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：史蒂夫从八岁起就开始打橄榄球。现在他已成为一名职业球员。根据“since the age of eight”以及“Now he has become a professional player.”可知，此处表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还会持续下去，使用现在完成进行时，主语Steve表示单数意义，助动词使用has，故填has been playing。 5．It (rain) for a whole week if it rains again tomorrow. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have been raining 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果明天还继续下雨，那么雨就已经连着下了一整个礼拜了。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，结合“for a whole week if it rains again tomorrow”可知，此处表示将来某时某动作已持续多久，主句时态应用将来完成进行时。故填will have been raining。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...)，根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $