专题02 单元语法之两个被动语态复习（期中复习讲义）高二英语上学期上海通用

专题02 单元语法之两个被动语态复习（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 （2）高频难点：现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（有提示词）——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海秋考】Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【2023上海春考】As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【2022上海秋考】Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 考情分析： 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时：2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”（hasn't seen）。 2.一般过去时：2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态：如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”（一般现在时被动）。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强：如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态，需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现：如现在完成进行时（have been doing）需储备基础用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法； 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法，避免机械套用公式； 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 两个进行时被动语态 知识点01 现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态由“be being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称和数的变化(am, is are ). 1. 表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。   The project is being discussed at the meeting.   A new film is being shown in the theater.   My house is being painted now.  2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。   Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days.   A modern school is being built in our hometown. A computer center is being built for the students? 3. 表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly 等词连用。(表达某种感情色彩)   He is always being praised by the teacher. 一). 注意不可遗漏being 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,强调主语是动作的承受者,其构成为“am / is / are + being+动词的过去分词”。如果我们把being漏掉,就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 如: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 区别：Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况) 二). 注意不可忽视 “现阶段” 现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。 如: Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行) 三）. 注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词 一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。如: Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王, 过来, 有你的电话。 Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了, 换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。 4) . 注意“be +under/ in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 如: The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 知识点02 过去进行时的被动语态 1. 过去进行时的被动语态构成： (1) was/were being done（肯定句） (2) was/were not being done。（否定句） (3) was/were +主语+ being done（一般疑问句） (4) 疑问词+was/were+主语+being done（特殊疑问句） 2. 过去进行时的被动语态的用法 表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。 The college was being built at this time last year. 去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。 The room was being cleaned by him at nine yesterday morning. 昨天早上九点他正在打扫房间。 Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 其它被动语态复习 知识点01、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 知识点02、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 知识点03、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 知识点04、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。 We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days. 你应该把你的书收好。 You ought to put your books away. Your books ought to be put away. 【即时检测】 练习一、 1. New functions _________________ (add)to the camera at present. 2. Many speeches _________________ (hold) in our school these days. 3. I don’t know what time it is now. My watch _________________ (repair) 4. A new stadium ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month. 5. --- Do you like the material? -- Yes, it ____________ (feel) very soft. 6. The bridge which ______________ (build) last year ____________ (look) beautiful. 7. The camera you _______________ (use) now ______________ (belong) to me. 8. One third of the class ___________________ (question) by the teachers now. 9.  ---- What’s that noise? ---- Oh, I forgot to tell you.  The new machine _______________ (test). 10. Look! The foreign guests ____________________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.     Keys： 1. are being added 2. are being held 3 is being repaired. 4. is being built 5. feels 6. was built looks 7. are using belongs 8. are being questioned 9.  is being tested  10. are being shown 练习二、 1．The students’ attention (fix) on their study when all the lights went out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being fixed 【详解】考查时态和语态：句意：当所有的灯都熄灭时，学生们的注意力正集中在学习上。动词fix和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，应用过去进行时的被动语态，表示过去某时正在进行的动作，和when构成固定句型。主谓一致，故填was being fixed。 2．It was so noisy that I couldn’t hear what (say) on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being said 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：太吵了，我听不清电话里在说什么。根据句意可知，what引导的宾语从句表示过去正在发生的事情，时态使用过去进行时，且主语what与动词say“说”为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，且主语what为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was being said。 3．Dinner (serve) when the plane hit turbulence (气流). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being served 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：飞机遇到气流时，正在供应晚餐。根据when the plane hit turbulence可知，主句描述的事情表示过去正在发生，时态使用过去进行时，且主语Dinner与动词serve“端上”为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，且主语Dinner为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was being served。 4．I always felt like I (watch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being watched 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我总觉得自己被监视着。此处主语与谓语构成被动，且表示过去正在进行的被动动作，用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being watched。 5．The tennis court (use) at 3 p.m. yesterday so we couldn’t play. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being used 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：昨天下午三点网球场正在使用，所以我们没能打球。根据时间状语“at 3 p.m. yesterday”可知此句表示过去某一时间正在发生或进行的动作，The tennis court与动词use之间为被动关系，因此此句谓语动用过去进行时的被动语态，The tennis court作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填was being used。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.提取中文句子的时间信息（显性时间词或隐性语境），匹配对应时态（如 “已经完成”→现在完成时 “have/has done”）； 2.判断动作的主动 / 被动：若中文强调 “被影响”，直接用被动语态（注意时态与被动的结合，如 “昨天被批评”→一般过去时被动 “was/were criticized”）； 3.检查动词形式（确保过去分词、第三人称单数等细节正确，如被动语态中过去分词的拼写）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法单选 1．Students were expected to memorize information and then feed back the information that ______ to them. A．had presented B．had been presented C．presented D．having been presented 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：学生们被要求记住信息，然后反馈所呈现给他们的信息。that ______ to them是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 information。present这个动作发生在过去动作were expected to之前，表示过去的过去，所以用过去完成时；present与 information之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。 2．A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A．had been trapped B．have been trapped C．have trapped D．were trapped 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名在山里被困了两天的游客。who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词two tourists，由句意可知，游客“被困”发生在“被救”之前，risked为一般过去时，表示在过去的动作之前发生的动作，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，two tourists和trap之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 3．When the victims of the earthquake went back home, the repair of their damaged houses___________. A．has yet completed B．has been completed yet C．had already completed D．had already been completed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当地震灾民回到家中时，他们被毁坏的房屋的修复工作已经完成。根据动词“went”和句意可知，房屋的修复工作在灾民回家之前已经完成，故空处应用过去完成时；主语是“the repair”，与complete之间应为被动关系，表示“修复被完成”，故应用被动语态。故选D。 4．The former minister was finally found innocent, although he ______ of allowing false rumour to spread before the election. A．had accused B．had been accused C．would accuse D．would be accused 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这位前部长最终被判无罪，尽管他曾被指控在选举前纵容虚假谣言的传播。accuse与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态；accuse发生在主句谓语动词之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选B。 5．The young man wrote to tell me that he _______ for his great achievements in his work. A．was praised B．was being praised C．has been praised D．had been praised 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这个年轻人写信告诉我，他因工作中取得的巨大成就而受到赞扬。分析句子结构可知，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词。根据主句中的wrote可知，宾语从句中用过去完成时态，表示该动作发生在过去的过去。主语和动词之间为动宾关系，所以用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选D。 6．The bridge_________at that moment, so we had to take another way. A．made B．was making C．was being made D．was made 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：那时候桥正在修建，所以我们不得不走另一条路。根据时间状语at the moment和语境可知，此处指过去某个时间点正在发生的动作，且主语bridge和make是被动关系，故应用过去进行时的被动语态。故选C。 7．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________. A．was decorated B．had decorated C．had been decorated D．was being decorated 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知正在装修。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词。这句话描述的是过去的事情，表示过去正在发生的动作，句子主语it和动词decorate是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，be动词用was。故选D。 8．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it________. A．is painted B．was painted C．was painting D．was being painted 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去进行时的被动形式。句意：放学后我们去阅读室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在被粉刷。told 后为that引导的宾语从句，it指代the reading room，时间状语为after school，根据句意可知，阅览室在我去那儿的时候是正在被刷漆，故用过去进行时的被动语态，was/were being done，故选D。 9．Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car _______ at the garage. A．was repaired B．was repairing C．was being repaired D．would repair 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：今天早晨我父亲不得不骑车去上班，因为他的汽车正在修理厂维修。根据句子上下文的因果关系可知，父亲骑车去上班就是因为他的汽车正在被修。本句描述的是今天上午正在发生的动作，所以原因状语从句中的谓语动词要用过去进行时，主语his car和谓语动词repair是被动的关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。 10．During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____ not to touch an unattended bag. A．had always been warned B．were always being warned C．are always warning D．always warned 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在最近的恐怖活动期间，人们总是被警告不要触摸无人看管的袋子。Be always doing sth.一直在做某事，表示赞赏或埋怨的感情色彩，此处从unattended bag.排除C，D，依据warn的用法，人们应该被警告，故选B。 11．The health center which ________ will be open to citizens soon. The work is almost finished. A．is being built B．is built C．is building D．has been built 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：正在兴建的保健中心不久将对市民开放。这工作差不多完成了。由后一句The work is almost finished.可知，这个教堂现在还在建，结合The health center和动词build为被动关系，所以为现在进行时的被动语态结构。故选A项。 12．There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we ________. A．are following B．have followed C．are being followed D．have been following 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：有人在我们后面走。我认为有人在跟踪我们。we和follow为被动关系，需用被动语态；结合“There’s somebody walking behind us.”可知，此处表示“我们正在被跟踪”应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 13．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past few years. A．have discovered B．were discovered C．have been discovered D．were being discovered 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在高科技的帮助下，近年来发现了越来越多的新物质。根据该句时间状语in the past few years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合substances和动词discover为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选C项。 14．Scott’s expedition ____________ to life by the interesting things inside the hut such as wooden skis, penguins’ eggs and biscuits. A．brings B．brought C．has brought D．has been brought 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：斯科特的探险队因小屋里的有趣事物而栩栩如生，比如木制滑雪板、企鹅蛋和饼干。bring...to life固定搭配，意为“使……生动起来”，主语和动词短语是被动关系，结合选项只有D项是被动语态，D项是现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。 15．With the advancement of biotechnology, various kinds of genetically-modified food ________ available to the general public at reasonable prices. A．have made it B．have been made C．has made D．is making 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：随着生物技术的进步，各种转基因食品以合理的价格向公众提供。句子主语various kinds of genetically-modified food和动词make之间构成动宾关系，故需用被动语态，本句描述的是一种已经完成动作的结果，应用现在完成时的被动语态。句子中various kinds of genetically-modified food是主语，谓语动词应与kinds保持一致，用复数形式，故助动词需用have。选项A和选项C是现在完成时的主动语态，选项D是现在进行时的主动语态。故选B项。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 二、语法填空 16．All the tasks (complete) by the time we got there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been completed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们到那里时，所有的任务都已完成。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文by the time we got there可知为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been completed。 17．When I got to the theatre, I found that the tickets (sell out) and I didn’t get one. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had been sold out 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：当我到达剧院时，我发现票已经卖完了，我没有买到。根据上文When I got to the theatre和句意可知，sell out“卖完”发生在got to“到达”之前，that引导的宾语从句时态用过去完成时，从句中：主语tickets与谓语sell构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sold out。 18．The children (warn) of the harm of the computer games, but still many of them got addicted to (沉迷于) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been warned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：孩子们已经被警告过电脑游戏的危害，但仍然有许多人沉迷于电脑游戏。分析句子可知，空处缺少句子的谓语，主语The children与谓语动词warn构成被动关系，根据后半句中的got可知，被警告危害在沉迷游戏之前，用过去完成时，且此处为被动语态。故填had been warned。 19．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 20．When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother (not send) to hospital yet.(所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】hadn’t been sent 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：当李明匆忙回家时，他发现他的母亲还没有被送进医院。由yet可知，句子用完成时，根据句意可知，李明匆忙回家时，他的母亲还没有被送进医院，found是过去式，因此空格处用过去完成时表示发生在过去的过去的动作，他的妈妈是被送到医院，且还没有被送到医院，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态的否定式，即hadn’t been done，故填hadn’t been sent。 21．The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets .（book）(所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had been booked 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：经理走进办公室，得知五分之四的票已经订好了很高兴。根据语境可知，空格处的动作发生在“The manager entered the office and was happy to learn”之前，是过去的过去，要用过去完成时。宾语从句的主语four-fifths of the tickets与谓语动词book（预订）二者是被动关系，票是被订购，要用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been booked. 22．The children couldn’t hide their joy while the Christmas tree (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：当圣诞树被装饰时，孩子们无法掩饰他们的喜悦。while引导的时间状语从句中要用进行时，由couldn’t可知，句子描述过去的事情，圣诞树是被装饰，因此空格处用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done，主语Christmas tree是单数，因此空格处是was being decorated。故填was being decorated。 23．It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天你打电话给我时，碰巧我的手机正在修理。从句主语my mobile phone和从句谓语动词repair是被动关系，且repair这个动作在过去的那个时间正在进行，该空用过去进行时的被动语态，从句主语单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填was being repaired。 24．The goods (unload) when we arrived at the airport. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being unloaded 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们到达机场时，货物正在被卸。分析句子，本句使用be doing sth. when...，表示“正在做某事，这时”，结合句中arrived使用过去式可知，从句使用一般过去时，所以空处应用过去进行时，unload与主语The goods之间是被动关系，应用过去进行时的被动语态，主语The goods是复数，be动词应用were。故填were being unloaded。 25．Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being organized 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：三个月前，我的朋友们告诉我，当时正在组织足球比赛以促进经济和旅游业。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态，主语football matches和organize是被动关系，结合then可知，从句应用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done，主语是复数，助动词用were。故填were being organized。 26．When I hurried to the store, I saw that the books (pack) into boxes.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being packed 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当我匆忙赶到商店时，我看到那些书正被装进箱子里。pack为动词，表示“打包、装箱”，作谓语，与主语books之间为被动关系，表示“书被装箱”，谓语为be动词复数形式；根据When引导的时间状语从句和saw可知，该句表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故填were being packed。 27．Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat (pull) out to sea.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being pulled 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他仔细望向大海，看见一艘划艇里的几个孩子正被卷向大海。宾语从句的主语“a couple of kids”与谓语动词“pull”之间是被动关系，即孩子被（海浪等）卷向大海；结合主句的“saw”可知，此处表示“看见（当时）正在发生的被动动作”，需用过去进行时的被动语态“was/were being + 过去分词”，主语“a couple of kids”为复数，be动词用were。故填were being pulled。 28．A new policy (discuss) in the meeting room at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being discussed 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此刻会议室里正在讨论一项新政策。此处为谓语动词，根据句中的时间状语“at the moment”可知，句子描述的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，主语“A new policy”与discuss之间是被动关系，因此应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are + being+过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is，discuss的过去分词是discussed。故填is being discussed。 29．Look! A nice picture (draw) for our teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being drawn 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：看！一幅给我们老师的漂亮的画正在被画。设空处为谓语动词，根据“Look!”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且picture与draw之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being done”，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is being drawn。 30．Elephants and antelopes (hunt) and the population is becoming smaller and smaller. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being hunted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：大象和羚羊正被猎杀，它们的数量变得越来越少。根据句意及“the population is becoming smaller and smaller”可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being + 过去分词”；主语“Elephants and antelopes”为复数，be动词应用are，hunt的过去分词为hunted。故填are being hunted。 31．Where to build the bridge (have) not been decided yet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：在哪里建桥还没有决定。分析句子结构可知，Where to build the bridge为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，在句中作主语。此结构作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，所以此处应用助动词have的第三人称单数形式has，与空后的not been decided yet一起构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填has。 32．So far, about five thousand trees (plant) in these ten neighborhoods. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been planted 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，这十个社区已经种植了大约五千棵树。句中缺少谓语动词，根据时间状语So far可知，句子应使用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，且trees和plant之间为被动关系，所以句子应使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been planted。 33．Up to now, a lot of high-rise buildings (build) in our city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been built 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：到目前为止，我们城市已经建成了许多高层建筑。根据时间状语“Up to now”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语 a lot of high-rise buildings和build为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been built。 34．There have been many winners and some people have won more than one since the first prizes (award). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were awarded 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自首批奖项颁发以来，已有许多获奖者，而且有些人还赢得了不止一个（奖项）。句中since引导时间状语从句，主句使用了现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句需用一般过去时，强调“过去某个动作（首批奖项颁发）发生后，对现在产生的影响（有获奖者、有人多次获奖）”。主语the first prizes为复数，与动词award是被动关系，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故填were awarded。 35．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 三、翻译 36．这部改编自小说的电影一上映就很卖座。（hardly）（汉译英） 【答案】Hardly had the film adapted from a novel been released when it sold well. 【详解】考查固定句型、倒装句、时态和语态。根据句意和汉语提示可知，句子应用固定句型“hardly…when…”，意为“一……就……”，主句应用过去完成时的被动语态，“hardly”放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，“Hardly had the film adapted from a novel been released”表示“这部改编自小说的电影一上映”，“adapt from”意为“根据……改编”，“film”和“adapt”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，“adapted from”为过去分词短语作后置定语，从句应用一般过去时，“when it sold well”表示“就很卖座”，句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为Hardly had the film adapted from a novel been released when it sold well. 37．一次青年志愿服务，让一段尘封了80年之久的历史重新进入大家的视线。(bring) （汉译英） 【答案】A youth volunteer service brought a history that had been hidden for 80 years into our attention. 【详解】考查时态，定语从句和固定短语。“一次青年志愿服务”是a youth volunteer service，“让……重新进入大家的视线”是bring sth. into our attention，用一般过去时，“一段历史”是a history，“尘封了80年之久的”用that引导的定语从句，时态用过去完成时，且历史是被尘封，翻译为that had been hidden for 80 years，因此整个句子翻译为A youth volunteer service brought a history that had been hidden for 80 years into our attention. 38．这项任务所有的准备工作已经做好，我们可以开始了。（汉译英） 【答案】All the preparations for the task had been completed, and we're ready to start. 【详解】考查名词、动词时态语态和短语。表示“所有的准备工作”应用all the preparations作主语，preparation为可数名词，复数形式为preparations。表示“工作已经做好”应用the task had been completed，因task和complete为被动过去完成关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态形式。表示“准备好做某事”短语为be ready to do。故翻译为All the preparations for the task had been completed, and we're ready to start. 39．去年的这个时候，有很多新发明正在科技展中展出。(exhibit)(汉译英) 【答案】Many new inventions were being exhibited at the science exhibition at this time last year. 【详解】考查过去进行时，名词及动词。“很多新发明”译为Many new inventions为主语，位于句首，首字母大写，与提示词exhibit为被动关系，结合“去年的这个时候”译为at this time last year可知，为过去进行时的被动语态，“科技展”译为the science exhibition，“正在展出”译为were being exhibited，故翻译为Many new inventions were being exhibited at the science exhibition at this time last year. 40．我正在聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观，突然觉得有什么在盯着我。（汉译英） 【答案】while I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene， I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. 【详解】考查时态、从句和短语。句子陈述过去的事情，应用与过去相关的时态；本句为过去进行时，且是while引导的时间状语从句；“聚精会神地做某事”表达为concentrate on doing sth.，“惊人的景观”表达为amazing landscape。从句主语为I, 谓语为had ，宾语为a feeling, 后接that引导的同位语从句，同位语从句为过去进行时，主语为I ，谓语为 was being watched。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为I was concentrating on photographing this amazing landscape when I suddenly felt something staring at me. 41．我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。 【答案】The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态。短语“到达”arrive at；“我们到他家时”是when引导的时间状语从句；句子是叙述过去的事情，从句用一般过去时；主句“正在粉刷”是过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主语“他家房子(his house)”和谓语动词“粉刷(paint)”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去进行时的被动语。故翻译为The house was being painted when we arrived at his home。 42．这起进入媒体视野的案件因缺乏足够证据而被驳回。（ground）（汉译英） 【答案】The case that came into the media spotlight was dismissed on the grounds of insufficient evidence. 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态、短语。表示“这起案件”用the case，用“进入媒体视野的案件”修饰，that引导限制性定语从句，先行词the case在从句中作主语，用that引导从句，表示“进入媒体视野”用come into the media spotlight，从句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式；表示“被驳回”用be dismissed，句子同样描述过去的事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the case为单数，be动词用was；表示“因缺乏足够证据”用短语on the grounds of insufficient evidence。故翻译为The case that came into the media spotlight was dismissed on the grounds of insufficient evidence. 43．这所位于山区的学院创建于二十世纪初。 (found) (汉译英) 【答案】This college located in the mountainous area was founded in the early twentieth century. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词语态和固定短语。表示“这所学院”用this college，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“创建”用found，动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，且与主语This college为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was founded；表示“位于山区”用be located in the mountainous area，省略be动词，用过去分词短语located in the mountainous area，作后置定语，修饰college；表示“在二十世纪初”用in the early twentieth century，作状语。故翻译为This college located in the mountainous area was founded in the early twentieth century. 44．如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英) 【答案】How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. It has already been put on the agenda by many senior high schools and universities how these educational institutions can enable numerous students to better adapt to future life. 【详解】考查“疑问词 + 不定式”结构、动词短语、时态和语态。“如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活”作主语，可处理为“疑问词 + 不定式”复合结构，“如何”用疑问词how，“让莘莘学子”用enable numerous students to，“更好地适应未来生活”用动词短语better adapt to future life，整体构成“疑问词 + 不定式”结构“how to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life；“已将……提上日程”作谓语，用动词短语put...on the agenda，根据语境，事情已经发生，用现在完成时，且主语和谓语之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，用has already been put on the agenda；“很多高中和大学”作地点状语，用介词短语in many senior high schools and universities。综上，全句译为：How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. 45．AI已经慢慢融入创造性艺术，让生活充满惊喜。 (integrate) (汉译英) 【答案】AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, filling life with a delightful surprise./AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, which fills life with delightful surprises. 【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词和定语从句。根据汉语提示中的“已经”可知，句子应该用现在完成时，“慢慢”翻译为gradually；“融入……”用动词短语integrate into表示，作谓语，主语AI与integrate构成被动关系，用被动语态；“创造性艺术”翻译为creative arts，作宾语；“AI已经慢慢融入创造性艺术”翻译为AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts；“让生活充满惊喜”翻译为fill life with a delightful surprise/delightful surprises，动词fill应该用非谓语形式作状语，与上文的内容之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词filling作状语。“让生活充满惊喜”也可以用定语从句表示，对上文的内容进行补充说明，所以应该用关系代词which代替上文的内容在从句中作主语。故翻译为AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, filling life with a delightful surprise./AI has gradually been integrated into creative arts, which fills life with delightful surprises. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 句子翻译题 (注意动词的时态语态) 1. 等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 2. 在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. 当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。 4. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。 5. 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。 答案：（only for reference） 1. By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 2. Over the past 10 years, great changes have happened in this area. 3. When he got to school, he realized that he had left his homework at home. 4. Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned in class to practice. 5. Many years ago people never knew that population would become a big problem．  链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） （时态语态） 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...)，根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 单元语法之两个被动语态复习（期中复习讲义） 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 （2）高频难点：现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（有提示词）——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023上海秋考】Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【2023上海春考】As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【2022上海秋考】Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 考情分析： 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时：2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”（hasn't seen）。 2.一般过去时：2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态：如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”（一般现在时被动）。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强：如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态，需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现：如现在完成进行时（have been doing）需储备基础用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法； 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法，避免机械套用公式； 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 两个进行时被动语态 知识点01 现在进行时的被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态由“be being＋及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称和数的变化(am, is are ). 1. 表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。   The project is being discussed at the meeting.   A new film is being shown in the theater.   My house is being painted now.  2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。   Many interesting experiences are being carried out these days.   A modern school is being built in our hometown. A computer center is being built for the students? 3. 表示经常的被动行为，常和always, often, constantly 等词连用。(表达某种感情色彩)   He is always being praised by the teacher. 一). 注意不可遗漏being 现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的一个被动的动作,强调主语是动作的承受者,其构成为“am / is / are + being+动词的过去分词”。如果我们把being漏掉,就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。 如: Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 瞧!那些孩子正由他们的姑妈照看着。 区别：Children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校被照看得很好。(指通常情况) 二). 注意不可忽视 “现阶段” 现在进行时的被动语态也可表示目前这一阶段正在进行的一个被动的动作。 如: Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days. 如今许多有趣的实验正在被进行着。(说话时, 并不一定在进行) 三）. 注意没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词 一些表示“状态、心理活动、拥有、存在”等的动词, 一般不用现在进行时的被动语态, 而常用一般现在时的被动语态。如: Xiao Wang, come here. You are wanted on the phone. 小王, 过来, 有你的电话。 Football is becoming more and more popular. In other words, it is loved by more and more people. 足球现在越来越流行了, 换句话说,它被越来越多的人喜爱。 4) . 注意“be +under/ in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 如: The problem is under discussion (is being discussed) at the meeting. 这个问题正在会上讨论。 The telephone is in use (=is being used) now. 这部电话正在使用中。 知识点02 过去进行时的被动语态 1. 过去进行时的被动语态构成： (1) was/were being done（肯定句） (2) was/were not being done。（否定句） (3) was/were +主语+ being done（一般疑问句） (4) 疑问词+was/were+主语+being done（特殊疑问句） 2. 过去进行时的被动语态的用法 表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。 The college was being built at this time last year. 去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。 The room was being cleaned by him at nine yesterday morning. 昨天早上九点他正在打扫房间。 Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then. 那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。 其它被动语态复习 知识点01、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 知识点02、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 知识点03、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 知识点04、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 如：我们在三天之内能完成工作。 We can finish the work in three days. The work can be finished by us in three days. 你应该把你的书收好。 You ought to put your books away. Your books ought to be put away. 【即时检测】 练习一、 1. New functions _________________ (add)to the camera at present. 2. Many speeches _________________ (hold) in our school these days. 3. I don’t know what time it is now. My watch _________________ (repair) 4. A new stadium ___________________ (build). They hope to finish it next month. 5. --- Do you like the material? -- Yes, it ____________ (feel) very soft. 6. The bridge which ______________ (build) last year ____________ (look) beautiful. 7. The camera you _______________ (use) now ______________ (belong) to me. 8. One third of the class ___________________ (question) by the teachers now. 9.  ---- What’s that noise? ---- Oh, I forgot to tell you.  The new machine _______________ (test). 10. Look! The foreign guests ____________________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.     练习二、 1．The students’ attention (fix) on their study when all the lights went out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．It was so noisy that I couldn’t hear what (say) on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Dinner (serve) when the plane hit turbulence (气流). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．I always felt like I (watch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The tennis court (use) at 3 p.m. yesterday so we couldn’t play. (所给词的适当形式填空) 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.提取中文句子的时间信息（显性时间词或隐性语境），匹配对应时态（如 “已经完成”→现在完成时 “have/has done”）； 2.判断动作的主动 / 被动：若中文强调 “被影响”，直接用被动语态（注意时态与被动的结合，如 “昨天被批评”→一般过去时被动 “was/were criticized”）； 3.检查动词形式（确保过去分词、第三人称单数等细节正确，如被动语态中过去分词的拼写）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法单选 1．Students were expected to memorize information and then feed back the information that ______ to them. A．had presented B．had been presented C．presented D．having been presented 2．A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A．had been trapped B．have been trapped C．have trapped D．were trapped 3．When the victims of the earthquake went back home, the repair of their damaged houses___________. A．has yet completed B．has been completed yet C．had already completed D．had already been completed 4．The former minister was finally found innocent, although he ______ of allowing false rumour to spread before the election. A．had accused B．had been accused C．would accuse D．would be accused 5．The young man wrote to tell me that he _______ for his great achievements in his work. A．was praised B．was being praised C．has been praised D．had been praised 6．The bridge_________at that moment, so we had to take another way. A．made B．was making C．was being made D．was made 7．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________. A．was decorated B．had decorated C．had been decorated D．was being decorated 8．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it________. A．is painted B．was painted C．was painting D．was being painted 9．Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car _______ at the garage. A．was repaired B．was repairing C．was being repaired D．would repair 10．During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _____ not to touch an unattended bag. A．had always been warned B．were always being warned C．are always warning D．always warned 11．The health center which ________ will be open to citizens soon. The work is almost finished. A．is being built B．is built C．is building D．has been built 12．There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we ________. A．are following B．have followed C．are being followed D．have been following 13．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past few years. A．have discovered B．were discovered C．have been discovered D．were being discovered 14．Scott’s expedition ____________ to life by the interesting things inside the hut such as wooden skis, penguins’ eggs and biscuits. A．brings B．brought C．has brought D．has been brought 15．With the advancement of biotechnology, various kinds of genetically-modified food ________ available to the general public at reasonable prices. A．have made it B．have been made C．has made D．is making 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 二、语法填空 16．All the tasks (complete) by the time we got there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．When I got to the theatre, I found that the tickets (sell out) and I didn’t get one. （所给词的适当形式填空） 18．The children (warn) of the harm of the computer games, but still many of them got addicted to (沉迷于) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother (not send) to hospital yet.(所给词的适当形式填空） 21．The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets .（book）(所给词的适当形式填空） 22．The children couldn’t hide their joy while the Christmas tree (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．The goods (unload) when we arrived at the airport. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．Three months ago, my friends told me that football matches (organize) then to promote economy and tourism. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．When I hurried to the store, I saw that the books (pack) into boxes.(所给词的适当形式填空) 27．Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat (pull) out to sea.(所给词的适当形式填空) 28．A new policy (discuss) in the meeting room at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．Look! A nice picture (draw) for our teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．Elephants and antelopes (hunt) and the population is becoming smaller and smaller. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．Where to build the bridge (have) not been decided yet. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．So far, about five thousand trees (plant) in these ten neighborhoods. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．Up to now, a lot of high-rise buildings (build) in our city. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34．There have been many winners and some people have won more than one since the first prizes (award). (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 三、翻译 36．这部改编自小说的电影一上映就很卖座。（hardly）（汉译英） 37．一次青年志愿服务，让一段尘封了80年之久的历史重新进入大家的视线。(bring) （汉译英） 38．这项任务所有的准备工作已经做好，我们可以开始了。（汉译英） 39．去年的这个时候，有很多新发明正在科技展中展出。(exhibit)(汉译英) 40．我正在聚精会神地拍摄这惊人的景观，突然觉得有什么在盯着我。（汉译英） 41．我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。 42．这起进入媒体视野的案件因缺乏足够证据而被驳回。（ground）（汉译英） 43．这所位于山区的学院创建于二十世纪初。 (found) (汉译英) 44．如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英) 45．AI已经慢慢融入创造性艺术，让生活充满惊喜。 (integrate) (汉译英) 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 句子翻译题 (注意动词的时态语态) 1. 等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) 2. 在过去的十年中，这个地区发生了翻天覆地的变化。 3. 当他到学校时，他意识到他把作业忘在家里了。 4. 应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。 5. 很多年前，人们不知道人口问题将是个大问题。   链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） （时态语态） 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes it a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 2022上海秋考 Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society, (24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm .......... 【答案】 23 is known 24 develops 【解析】23.is known 考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...)，根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 【解析】24.develops 考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops。 2022年春考 We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened 【解析】考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $