2026年中考英语语法辨析：现在完成时 Vs 过去完成时 + 专项练习卷

中考英语语法辨析：现在完成时 Vs 过去完成时 + 专项练习卷 一、现在完成时与过去完成时辨析 （一）定义 1. 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。它强调的是 “过去的动作与现在的联系”。 例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业，强调现在作业的完成状态对现在的影响，比如现在可以去玩了） 2. 过去完成时：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”。它强调的是 “在过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作”，通常需要一个过去的时间点或过去的动作作为参照。 例如：By the time I got to the station, the train had left.（我到达车站的时候，火车已经开走了。“到达车站” 是过去的动作，“火车开走” 发生在 “到达车站” 之前，属于 “过去的过去”） （二）构成 A. 现在完成时：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（done） 1. 当主语是第一人称（I/we）、第二人称（you）以及第三人称复数（they/students 等）时，用 have； 2. 当主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/Tom 等）时，用 has。 例如：She has lived in Beijing for 5 years.（她已经在北京住了 5 年了） 3. 否定式：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词，可缩写为 haven't/hasn't。 例如：They haven't visited the Great Wall yet.（他们还没有参观过长城） 4. 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 例如：Has he read this book?（他读过这本书吗？） B. 过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词（done） 2. 无人称和数的变化，所有主语之后都用 had。 例如：We had learned 1000 English words by the end of last term.（到上学期末，我们已经学了 1000 个英语单词了） 6. 否定式：主语 + had + not + 过去分词，可缩写为 hadn't。 例如：He hadn't finished his work when his mother came back.（他妈妈回来的时候，他还没有完成工作） 7. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 例如：Had they arrived at the airport before 8 o'clock?（他们 8 点前到达机场了吗？） （三）常用时间状语 A. 现在完成时 2. 表示 “从过去持续到现在”：for + 时间段（for two years/for a month 等）、since + 过去时间点（since 2018/since last week/since he came here 等）。 例如：I have studied English for 8 years.（我已经学了 8 年英语了）；He has been in Shanghai since 2020.（自从 2020 年以来，他一直在上海） 9. 表示 “已经完成”：already（常用于肯定句，位于 have/has 之后）、yet（常用于否定句和疑问句，位于句末）、just（刚刚，位于 have/has 之后）、ever（曾经，常用于疑问句）、never（从未，常用于否定句）。 例如：She has already eaten breakfast.（她已经吃过早饭了）；Have you ever been to Paris?（你曾经去过巴黎吗？）；They haven't watched the movie yet.（他们还没有看那部电影） B.过去完成时 2. by + 过去时间点（by 2010/by last Friday/by the time he was 10 等）。 例如：By 2019, my father had worked in that company for 15 years.（到 2019 年，我爸爸已经在那家公司工作了 15 年了） 11. before + 过去时间点 / 过去动作（before last month/before he went to bed 等）。 例如：I had seen that film before last Saturday.（上周六之前我已经看过那部电影了） 12. 用于宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句表示 “过去的过去” 时。 例如：He said he had already finished his homework.（他说他已经完成作业了。主句 “said” 是过去时，从句 “完成作业” 发生在 “said” 之前，用过去完成时） （四）核心区别 A. 时间参照不同：现在完成时以 “现在” 为时间参照点，关注过去动作对现在的影响或从过去持续到现在的情况；过去完成时以 “过去某个时间点或动作” 为参照点，关注在该参照点之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”。 例如： 2. I have seen this film.（现在完成时，强调现在我知道这部电影的内容，因为过去看过） 14. I told him I had seen this film.（过去完成时，“told” 是过去的动作，“seen this film” 发生在 “told” 之前，是 “过去的过去”） B.侧重点不同：现在完成时侧重 “现在的结果或状态”；过去完成时侧重 “在过去某一时刻之前动作的完成情况”。 例如： 2. The rain has stopped.（现在完成时，侧重现在雨停了这个结果） 16. When we went out, the rain had stopped.（过去完成时，侧重 “我们出去” 这个过去动作之前，雨已经停了） 二、专项练习卷 基础达标 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He _______ (finish) his homework already. Let's go to play basketball. 2. By the end of last year, we _______ (learn) more than 2000 English words. 3. My parents _______ (live) in this city since they got married. 4. She _______ (not read) this novel yet. She plans to read it next week. 5. When I arrived at the party, most people _______ (already leave). 二、单项选择题 1. — _______ you _______ the Great Wall? — Yes, I went there last year. A. Have; visited B. Did; visit C. Will; visit D. Had; visited 2. By the time my mother came back, I _______ dinner. A. cook B. cooked C. have cooked D. had cooked 3. He _______ in this school for 5 years and he still likes working here. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 4. I _______ never _______ such a beautiful place before I went to Guilin. A. have; seen B. had; seen C. did; see D. will; see 5. — Where is Tom? — He _______ to the library. He _______ there 10 minutes ago. A. has gone; went B. went; has gone C. has been; went D. went; has been 能力提升 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. By the time we _______ (get) to the cinema, the movie _______ (begin) for 10 minutes. 2. She _______ (study) English for 6 years before she _______ (go) to college. 3. My brother _______ (not return) home yet. I _______ (wait) for him for 2 hours. 4. When the police _______ (arrive) at the scene, the thief _______ (run) away. 5. They _______ (build) this bridge by 2022. Now it _______ (become) an important traffic tool. 二、句型转换 1. He has already finished his report.（改为否定句） He _______ _______ his report _______. 2. We had learned 5 English songs by the end of last month.（改为一般疑问句） _______ you _______ 5 English songs by the end of last month? 3. They have lived in this village since 1990.（对划线部分提问） _______ _______ have they lived in this village? 4. Tom left here 5 minutes ago.（改为同义句，用现在完成时） Tom _______ _______ _______ here for 5 minutes. 5. She said, "I have seen this film twice."（改为间接引语） She said that she _______ _______ this film twice. 三、完形填空 Last Sunday, I decided to visit my grandparents. I _______ (not see) them for a long time. When I got to their house, I found my grandfather was not at home. My grandmother told me that he _______ (go) to the garden to water the flowers. I went to the garden and saw my grandfather. He _______ (work) there for an hour. He was very happy to see me and told me he _______ (plant) some new flowers the day before. We talked happily. By the time we went back to the house, my grandmother _______ (cook) a lot of delicious food. We had a great time that day. 1. A. haven't seen B. didn't see C. hadn't seen D. won't see 2. A. has gone B. had gone C. went D. will go 3. A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. works 4. A. planted B. has planted C. had planted D. will plant 5. A. cooked B. has cooked C. had cooked D. cooks 拓展提优 一、语法填空 I _______ (love) reading since I was a little child. My parents often told me stories before I went to bed. When I was in primary school, I _______ (read) many picture books. By the time I entered junior high school, I _______ (read) more than 100 storybooks. Last year, my uncle gave me a novel as a birthday gift. I _______ (finish) reading it in a week. Now, I _______ (read) another novel. I think reading _______ (open) up a new world for me. I _______ (never be) to other countries, but through reading, I _______ (visit) many interesting places in my mind. I believe I _______ (read) more books in the future. 二、阅读理解（根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空） A few years ago, I took a trip to London. Before that trip, I _______ (never be) to a foreign country. I _______ (prepare) for the trip for a long time. I _______ (learn) some basic English words and phrases. When I arrived in London, I was a little nervous. But soon I found that people there _______ (be) very friendly. I _______ (visit) many famous places, such as the Big Ben and the London Eye. By the time I left London, I _______ (make) some new friends. I _______ (have) a great time there. Now, I often look back on that trip. It _______ (become) one of the most unforgettable experiences in my life. I _______ (remember) it forever. 三、书面表达 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Peter 来信询问你过去一年的学习和生活情况。请你根据以下提示，给 Peter 回一封邮件，其中适当运用现在完成时和过去完成时。 提示：1. 学习方面：已经掌握了很多新的知识，在上学期期末考试前努力复习； 2. 生活方面：养成了每天锻炼的习惯，在去年暑假学会了游泳； 3. 未来计划：打算下学期参加英语演讲比赛。 要求：1. 词数 80-100； 2. 条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确。 三、参考答案 基础达标 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. has finished 2. had learned 3. have lived 4. hasn't read 5. had already left 二、单项选择题 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 能力提升 一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. got; had begun 2. had studied; went 3. hasn't returned; have waited 4. arrived; had run 5. had built; has become 二、句型转换 1. hasn't finished; yet 2. Had; learned 3. How long 4. has been away from 5. had seen 三、完形填空 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 拓展提优 一、语法填空 have loved; read; had read; finished; am reading; opens; have never been; have visited; will read 二、阅读理解（根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空） had never been; had prepared; had learned; were; visited; had made; had; has become; will remember 三、书面表达 Dear Peter, I'm glad to receive your email. I'd like to tell you about my study and life in the past year. In terms of study, I have mastered a lot of new knowledge. Before the final exam last term, I had reviewed all the lessons carefully, so I got good grades. In daily life, I have developed a habit of exercising every day. I had learned to swim during the summer vacation last year, which was really exciting. For the next term, I plan to take part in an English speech contest. I believe it will be a good chance to improve my English. How about your life recently? Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $