Unit 1-8 语法知识点+配套练习2025-2026学年译林版（2024）英语八年级上册

8A Grammar Unit 1 形容词比较级和最高级 当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较……”“更……些”“比……更……”。如： My cousin is taller than I am. 我的表哥比我高。 当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示“最……”，最高级前通常要加定冠词the。如： The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。 注意：被比较的对象可以是人，也可以是事物。 · 形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法如下： 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和部分双音节词 大多数词后加er或est great near young greater nearer younger greatest nearest youngest 以字母e结尾的词后加r或st large late larger later largest latest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er或est hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的去掉y，再ier或iest early busy earlier busier earliest busiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词的前面加more或most beautiful careful more beautiful more careful most beautiful most careful 注意：构成形容词比较级和最高级的er和est，自成一个音节，读作[ə]和[ɪst]。如果原级词末为不发音的字母r，加er和est时，r要发[r]音，如clear /klɪə(r) /、clearer /ˈklɪərə(r)/、clearest /klɪrɪst/。如果原级词末的发音为[ŋ ]，加er和est时，[ŋ ]音后得加上[g]音，如long /lɒŋ/、longer /lɒŋɡə(r)/、longest /ˈlɒŋɡɪst/。 · 常见的形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化如下： 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most well（健康的） better best much more most bad worse worst little（少的） less least ill worse worst 注意：有些形容词有两种比较级和最高级的变化方式。如： clever - cleverer / more clever - cleverest / most clever far - farther(指物理距离)/ further(指非物理距离和抽象概念)- farthest / furthest old - older(更老的)/ elder(年长的，长辈的)- oldest / eldest · 形容词比较级常见用法如下： 1. 通常情况下，我们用“比较级+than”来引出比较的第二部分。如： This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这幅画比那幅画更漂亮。 2. 我们常用“which/who ...+比较级, ... or ...?”的句型来表示在两者中选择。如： Which picture is more beautiful, this one or that one? 这幅画和那幅画，哪个更漂亮？ 3. 我们可在比较级前加上a little、much、even等词来表示程度。如： China is much larger than Japan. 中国比日本大得多。 4. 我们用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构来表示人或事物本身程度的改变。如： China is becoming stronger and stronger. 中国正变得越来越强大。 · 形容词最高级常见用法如下： 1. 我们用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最……”。介词of和among后面接 表示范围的人或物，in后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。如： I am the tallest of/among the three. 我是三个人中最高的。 Russia is the largest country in the world by area. 俄罗斯是世界上面积最大的国家。 2. 我们用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或事物的“最……”。如： Peter is his oldest son. 彼得是他的长子。 注意：此时形容词的最高级前不需要加定冠词the。 3. 我们可以用序数词修饰形容词的最高级。如： In the USA, the second largest city is Los Angeles. 美国的第二大城市是洛杉矶。 【补充】比较级形式表示最高级含义： 同一范围内 的事物相比较 any other+名词单数 Tom runs faster than any other student in his class. （Tom跟其他同学在一个班级） the other+名词复数 Tom runs faster than the other students in his class. （Tom跟其他同学在一个班级） any of the other+名词复数 Tom runs faster than any of the other students in his class. （Tom和the other students一同构成一个班级） 不同范围之间 的事物相比较 any+名词单数 Tom runs faster than any student in Class Two. （Tom不在二班） Tom runs faster than any girl in his class. （Tom是男孩，因此跟女孩不在一个范围） · Have a try ( )1. Chongqing has more people than ________ in China. A. any city B. any cities C. any other city D. any other cities ( )2. Amy is so tall that she is even taller than ________ in her class. A. any boy B. any boys C. any other boy D. any other boys ( )3. Beijing has more people than ________ in Jiangsu and ________ in China. A. any city; any city B. any city; any other city C. any other city; the other cities D. any other city; any cities. 【巩固练习】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. The old man felt even ________ in the ________ village. A. lonelier; lonely B. more lonely; lonely C. lonelier; alone D. more lonely; alone ( )2. ______ animals are in danger and there will be _________ living space for them if we don’t protect them. A. More and more; fewer and fewer B. Fewer and fewer; less and less C. More and more; less and less D. Less and less; more and more ( )3. ---What do you think of the film? ---It’s great. I have ________ seen a ________ one before. A. never; good B. never; better C. ever; better D. ever; best ( )4. ---What do you think of the “double reduction” policy? ---Well, it’s hard to say. We do have ________ homework than before, but we don’t have so much time to stay with our parents either. A. little B. more C. less D. fewer ( )5. Because of the 5G technology, the number of the people using Huawei products is getting ______. A. more and more B. fewer and fewer C. less and less D. larger and larger ( )6. It’s important for us to know that ________ trees we plant, ________ our planet will be. A . the fewer; the more B. the more; the better C. the less; the better D. the more; the more ( )7. I didn’t know which T-shirt was ________. So I took them both. A. nicer B. the cheapest C. good D. the best ( )8. Tea has a ________ history than any other drink. It has a history of almost 5000 years. A. long B. longer C. the longer D. the longest ( )9. ---How was your trip to the World Park? ---It couldn’t be ________. The weather was terrible and there was a lot of traffic on the way. A. better B. worst C. best D. worse ( )10. ---Do you know China is larger than ________ in Asia(亚洲)? ---Yes, our country is also becoming stronger and stronger. A. any country B. any other country C. the other country D. another country ( )11. ---We hope we will have ________ lessons every day. ---That’s what I think. Then we can have ________ free time. A. fewer; less B. more; more C. fewer; more D. fewer; much ( )12. Wearing black ________ us ________. A. make; looks slimmer B. makes; looks slimmest C. make; look slimmest D. makes; look slimmer ( )13. Voice is ________ very popular TV program in China. One of ________ most famous hosts, Sa Beining, always appears in it. A. a; / B. the; the C. a; the D. the; / ( )14. ---How do you find your online tour to the Nanjing Museum? ---Fantastic! I think it’s __________ I have ever had. A. an amazing experience B. a more boring experience C. the most amazing experience D. the most boring experience ( )15. ---How ________ she is writing! ---Oh, she is the ________ girl in my class. A. carefully; most careful B. careful; most careful C. carefully; careful D. careful; careful 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. The weather report says it may be much ___________(fog) tomorrow, and it’s dangerous to drive at high speed on such a day. 2. Quasimodo was ___________(ugly) than others, but he was the kindest. 3. ---How amazing! I have never seen a ___________(tiny) basket. Is it the smallest one? ---Yes, it is the smallest basket in our museum. 4. We Chat makes communication much ___________(easy). 5. It’s ___________(sun) today than yesterday. What about going on a picnic this afternoon? 6. The ___________(high) the kites fly, the smaller they seem. 7. The old man looks ___________(bad) than yesterday. He should see a doctor at once. 8. I think Hangzhou is ___________(beautiful) than Huaian. 9. Chinese market will become one of the ___________(huge) markets in the world. 10. Jack spends the ___________(little) time on games in his class. Unit 2 数量的比较 · 我们常用more... than和fewer/less... than对人或事物的数量进行比较，表示“比……多”和“比……少”。如： He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。 Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack. 汤姆参加的俱乐部比杰克少。 The tea culture in China has a long history. We drink less coffee than tea. 中国的茶文化历史悠久，我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。 注意：表示“比……多”时，无论可数或不可数名词都用more修饰：而表示“比……少”时，可数名词用fewer修饰，不可数名词用less修饰。 · 我们常用the most和the fewest/least对人或事物的数量进行比较，表示“最多”和“最少”。如： Simon drinks the most milk. 西蒙喝的牛奶最多。 She can sing the fewest songs in our class. 我们班里她会唱的歌最少。 He finishes the least work of us three. 我们三个人里，他完成的工作最少。 注意：表示“最多”时，无论可数或不可数名词都用most修饰，而表示“最少”时，可数名词用fewest修饰，不可数名词用least修饰。 as ... as 的用法 当我们要表示双方某方面（如年龄、身高等）程度相同或不同叶，常用as ... as或not as ... as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。如： Mary is as careful as Linda. 玛丽和琳达一样仔细。 He does not run as fast as Tom. 他跑步没有汤姆快。 注意：1. as ... as或not as ... as属同级比较，在此结构中，要使用形容词或副词原级。 2. 在否定结构中, “A is not as ... as B”意思是“A不如B……”。如： This book is not as interesting as that one. 这本书不如那本有趣。 = The book is less interesting than that one. = That book is more interesting than this one. · 在同级比较的否定句中，我们也可以使用not so ... as结构。如： This desk is not so heavy as that one. 这张桌子不如那张重。 = This desk is not as heavy as that one. = This desk is lighter than that one. · 当我们对事物进行比较时，要注意被比较的双方必须是同类事物。如： Her book is as thick as me. (×) Her book is as thick as mine. (√) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. (that/those在比较级中的用法) 【巩固练习】 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Now students in our school have _________(little) homework than before. 2. She ate __________(little) food of all at the party. 3. __________(few) people write with their left hand than with their right hand. 4. I have __________(many) pens than you. 5. He has __________(little) rice than I. 6. Read through the pages as _________(quick) as you can. 2、 单项选择。 ( )1. They got a Christmas tree and it was ___________ ours. A. so tall as B. so taller as C. as tall as D. as taller as ( )2. Li Lei often talks __________ but does __________. So everyone says he is a good boy. A. little; many B. few; much C. more; less D. less; more ( )3. Studying on our own brings the __________ knowledge. A. least B. most C. best D. worst ( )4. __________ you are, __________ mistakes you will make in the exam. A. The more carefully; the fewer B. The more careful; the fewer C. The less careless; the less D. The less carelessly; the less ( )5. ---Is Kitty good at music? ---Yes, I think so. She can play the piano almost ___________ her teacher. A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. so well as ( )6. I bought ________ exercise books with ________ money. A. less; more B. more; less C. fewer; fewer D. more; fewer ( )7. ---I'm getting fatter and fatter. What should I do, doctor? ---You'd better eat __________ food and take __________ exercise. A. less; less B. more; more C. less; more D. least; more ( )8. ---Which month has __________ days in a year? ---February. A. fewer B. the fewest C. the least D. the most ( )9. There will be __________ trees and __________ pollution in the future. A. less; more B. more; fewer C. more; less D. less; less ( )10. The more __________ people drive, the __________ traffic accidents there will be. A. carefully; less B. carefully; fewer C. careful; fewer D. careless; fewer ( )11. ---The places of interest in Beijing are more famous than __________ in Kunming. ---Yes. But the weather in Kunming is better than __________ in Beijing. A. those; that B. that; those C. they; it D. ones; one ( )12. More and more people are used to shopping online because it costs ________ money and saves ________ time. A. more; less B. more; fewer C. fewer; more D. less; more ( )13. ---Do you know sound travels very fast? ---Yes. But light travels __________ sound. A. as fast as B. a little faster than C. much faster than D. slower than ( )14. ---You shouldn't eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health. ---You're right. __________ junk food I eat, __________ I will be. A. The less; the healthier B. The less; the healthy C. The more; the healthier D. The more; the healthy ( )15. ---Which country has the __________ population in the world? ---China. It’s a little __________ than that of India. A. most; most B. biggest; bigger C. more; most D. bigger; biggest ( )16. Chicago isn’t so famous _________ Washington D.C.. However, it’s the third _________ city in the USA. A. like; largest B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large Unit 3 副词比较级和最高级 有时我们对动作或状态的程度进行比较，会用副词的比较级和最高级。如： Daniel arrived earlier than me. 丹尼尔到得比我早。 She plays volleyball (the) best in her class. 她在她的班级中排球打得最好。 注意：副词最高级前的the有时可以省略。 · 副词比较级和最高级的构成方法与形容词基本相同。 注意：以后缀-ly结尾的副词通常需要在其前加more或most。 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词 大多数词后加er或est low fast lower faster lowest fastest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词的前面加more或most beautifully quickly more beautifully more quickly most beautifully most quickly · 其中常见的不规则变化有：well - better - best、badly - worse - worst、far - further/farther - furthest/farthest. · 有些词既可用作形容词又可用作副词，如far、fast、hard、high、late、long和well。 复习： 形容词和副词的比较等级是中考的必考点。而在词形转换题型中，则需先判断用原级还是比较等级。 1. 原级的判定方法 1) 由表示程度的副词very、so、too、enough、quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。 如： The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。 2) A+be+as+原级+as+B ，意为“A与B 一样……”，表示相同或相等。 如： My best friend is as tall as her mother. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。 3) A+be+not+so/as+原级+as+B ，意为“A不及B那样……” ，表示不如或不相等。如： This red skirt is not so beautiful as that blue one. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。 4) A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B ，表示“A是B的……倍”（常见倍数：一半half，一倍once，两倍twice，三倍及以上：数字+times）。如： Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。 5) as much/many...+ as，表示前后的数量相同。如： John earns as much money as his brother. 约翰挣的钱和他的哥哥一样多。 6) as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词，意为“像……一样”，此结构可形成许多习惯用语，多用于口语。 He is as busy as a bee. 他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。 2. 比较级的判定方法 1) 由表示程度的副词a little、a bit、a few、a lot、much、even、still、far、rather、any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。（注意：more不可修饰比较级，而much可以）如： It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。 2) “the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。如： The more fruit you eat, the healthier you are. 你吃的水果越多，你就越健康。 3) “比较级+and+比较级” ，表示“越来越……”。 注意：若比较级是在原级前加more构成的，则用“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”。如： Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。 4) 表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构为：A+be+比较级+than+B，表示“A比B……”即A>B 。（注意比较的对象要一致）如果加入数字，则表示确切的量的关系。 My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的（自行车）漂亮。 · 比较级的常见结构有： 1) A+be+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B，表示“A不及B……”。 如： The film was less interesting than the book. 这部电影没有这本书有趣。 2) 表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who+be+比较级，A or B? 如： Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？ 3) 表示两者之间较……的一个（of the two）时，常用the+比较级结构。如： He is the thinner of the two. 他是两个中较瘦的那个。 4) 表示几倍于……时，用倍数+比较级+than表示。如： The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江大概比珠江长两倍。 3. 最高级的判定方法 1) 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不用。句末常跟一个in/of/among短语来表示范围。即用“A+be+the+最高级(in/of/among)...”表示。如： This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。 2) 表示“A 是……中最……之一”时，用“A+be+one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式”。如： Deng Ziqi is one of the most popular singers. 邓紫棋是最受欢迎的歌手之一。 3) 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who be the +最高级，A, B or C? Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？ 【巩固练习】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. Who listens ________ , Tom, Jack or Bill? A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the most careful D. more careful ( )2. ---In the music club Helen plays the guitar __________ . ---Yes! She even plays it as __________ as her music teacher. A. more beautifully; good B. most beautifully; good C. more beautifully; well D. most beautifully; well ( )3. The food here is __________ our Chinese food. A. as nicer than B. more delicious as C. not so nice as D. as more delicious as ( )4. Lily doesn’t study __________ Lucy. A. as hardly as B. so hardly as C. as hard as D. as harder as ( )5. Tom is the second __________ student in our class. He is only shorter than Li Lei. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. most tall ( )6. I think this lesson is ________ more important than that one. A. much B. so C. too D. quite ( )7. We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen __________ we speak. A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much as twice D. as much twice as ( )8. ---Which is ________ of the twins, Lucy or Lily? ---It’s hard to say. Both of them are good at their lessons. A. the cleverer B. cleverer C. cleverest D. the cleverest ( )9. ---Sandy, the number of people going camping for holiday is ________ than that of last year. ---Yes, more and more travelers go camping to relax themselves. A. much more B. many more C. much larger D. much smaller ( )10. ---How beautifully Betty sings! Does she often win the singing competitions? ---Yes, she does. I cannot think of anyone with ________. A. the best voice B. the worst voice C. a better voice D. a worse voice ( )11. Max is one of ________ teachers in our school, and he teaches better than ________ teacher here. A. famousest; any B. the famousest; any other C. the most famous; any other D. the most famous; the other ( )12. ---Andy! My people My Homeland (《我和我的祖国》) is ________ best film I have ever seen. ---I can’t agree with you more. I have never seen ________ better one before. A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. Practice makes perfect. You should practice as ___________(much) as possible. 2. I hope you will be ___________(health) than before. 3. In our life, hope for the best and prepare for the ___________(bad). 4. The more he missed his friend, the ___________(lonely) he felt. 5. Do you think Rose is the ___________(pretty) one of the twin sisters? 6. Of the three students. Kitty has the ___________(little) bread. 7. The scientists are getting ready for the ___________(far) study on the project. 8. Mr Li is one of our ___________(good) teachers. We all like his classes. 9. The film Full River Red《满江红》is _____________(wonderful) film I have seen. I want to see it again. 10. Jay is one of the best ___________(sing) at the moment. 反身代词 反身代词即人称代词的反身形式，它所指代的人或物与主语一致，在句中可以起到强调作用。如： Mike cannot look after himself. 迈克不能照顾自己。 The children enjoyed themselves very much at the Lantern Festival. 孩子们在元宵节那天玩得非常高兴。 They kept the secret to themselves. 他们保守着这个秘密。 I painted the room myself. 我自已粉刷了房间。 注意：反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。 · 英语中的反身代词如下： 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself herself itself themselves 注意：第一人称和第二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上self或selves构成，第三人称的反身代词是由代词宾格加上self或selves构成。当所指代的对象性别不详时，我们可以用themself代替himself或herself。 · 反身代词在句中不能单独做主语。如： Myself can finish my homework. (×) I can finish my homework myself. (√) · 【反身代词构成的常见短语】 自学 teach oneself= learn by oneself 独自 by oneself = alone = on one's own 玩得开心 enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 伤了自己 hurt oneself 请自便 help oneself (to sth.) 保密 keep the secret to oneself 自言自语 say to oneself 失去自我，沉溺于…… lose oneself in ... *苏醒 come to oneself *别拘束 make oneself at home 【巩固练习】 一、根据句意用适当的反身代词填空。 1. I'm really enjoying ___________ today because I have fun playing football. 2. “You should improve ___________ in English,” said the teacher to the students. 3. The world ___________ is becoming much smaller. 4. We mustn't only think of ___________. 5. Jane, you can’t go home by ___________ after 10 p.m. It’s dangerous. 6. The lovely boy often dresses ___________ up as Monkey King. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. Can you help me? I can’t reach the book ___________. A. me B. my C. yourself D. myself ( )2. ---Do you think Peter is a generous boy? ---No. He always thinks of ___________ more than others. A. he B. his C. him D. himself ( )3. When you both get into trouble, don’t give up but cheer ___________ up. A. ourselves B. himself C. yourselves D. myself ( )4. When children grow up, they have to learn how to take care of ___________ and be independent. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves ( )5. ---Who taught _________ English last year, Michael? ---I learned it by ___________. A. you; myself B. your; myself C. you; me D. yourself; myself ( )6. Mike enjoyed _________ at his friend's birthday party last night. A. he B. him C. himself D. his ( )7. ---We must thank our parents for their endless love. They always care more about us than ___________. ---I totally agree with you. A. ourselves B. yourself C. myself D. themselves ( )8. If I am not sure what's wrong with Tom, it's better for me to ask him ___________. A. yourself B. itself C. myself D. herself Unit 4 祈使句 当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时，常使用祈使句。 · 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。 · 祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，其否定形式通常是在动词原形前加do not/don't。 · 为了显得更为客气和礼貌，我们常在祈使句中加上please。当please用在句末时，常用逗号与其余部分隔开。如： Please pass me the ball. 请把球传给我。 Open the window, please. 请把窗户打开。 · 基本结构： 肯定句式主要有三种形式：①Do型 (行为动词原形+其他) eg. Sit down! ②Be型 (Be+表语，如名词、形容词) eg. Be quiet! ③Let型 (Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分) eg. Let me help you. 【补充】 反义疑问句 祈使句，will you/won’t you? Come inside,will you/won't you? 当祈使句为否定句时， 则反义疑问句只能用will you。 Don't talk in the library, will you? Let us+动词原形+..., will you? 表示请求对方允许说话方单独行动，仅包含说话方（不包含听话方)。 Let us leave the room, will you? （请允许我们离开房间，可以吗?） Let's watch a movie, shall we? （我们一起看电影吧，好吗?） Let's +动词原形+..., shall we? 包含对话双方的共同行动建议。 注意：祈使句的答句常用一般将来时。如： ---Don’t smoke here. ---Sorry, I won’t. 【巩固练习】 ( )1. ---I'm leaving now. --- ________ you turn off the lights and the computer. A. Make sure B. To make sure C. Find out D. To find out ( )2. ---Don’t forget to wear school uniforms on Monday morning. --- ________ A. OK, I will. B. No, I will. C. OK, I won’t. D. Yes, I won’t. ( )3. It’s time for supper. Let’s ________ it. A. stop having B. stop to have C. to stop to have D. to stop having ( )4. ________ away from the lake, boys. It is deep. A. Stays B. Stay C. Staying D. To stay ( )5. ________ play with fire. ________ with fire is dangerous. A. Don’t; Playing B. Not; Playing C. Don’t; Play D. Not to; To play ( )6. ---Mike, ________ off the lights when you leave the classroom. ---OK, Mr. White. A. turn B. turns C. to turn D. turning ( )7. ---His friend wants to go swimming ________ it’s very hot. ---It’s OK. But ________ allow him to do that alone! A. so; not B. so; don’t C. because; not D. because; don’t ( )8. ---To prepare for the school trip tomorrow, what should I do, mum? ---________ an umbrella with you and it will be useful when it rains. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Took ( )9. ________ late again, Bill! Or you will miss the wonderful fan meeting. A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not ( )10. Why not fill our life with ________ ? Be happy and ________ every day! A. happy; smile B. cheer; smiling C. cheerful; smiling D. joy; smile ( )11. ________ on the icon, and you ________ visit Asia and Africa in only two hours! A. Click; will B. To click; can C. Clicking; / D. To click; / ( )12. Smile at the world, ________ the world will smile back at you. A. but B. and C. as D. or ( )13. “Put on your coat, ________ you will catch a cold!” This is what my mother often says to me. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( )14. ---Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room. --- ________. A. No, I won’t B. No, I will C. Yes, I won’t D. Yes, I will ( )15. ---Remember ________ the classroom after school. ---OK. I ________. A. cleaning; do B. to clean; do C. cleaning; will D. to clean; will 用should和had better提建议 当我们给他人提建议时，可以用should和had better,表示“应该”或“最好”做某事，had better语气比should强一些。如： You had better water the flowers as soon as possible. 你最好尽快给花浇水。 All of us should take part in this activity. 我们每个人都应该参加这项活动。 注意：should和had better都是情态动词，后接动词原形，而且均没有人称和数的变化。 · had better中的had常缩略为 'd。如： We'd better leave before it rains. 我们最好在下雨前离开。 · should和had better的否定形式是：should not/shouldn't和had better not。如： He shouldn't be late for school again. 他不该再迟到了。 You had better not play the piano now. 现在你最好别弹钢琴。 【巩固练习】 一．单项选择。 ( )1. You look quite tired. You’d better ________ a good rest. A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having ( )2. You ________ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous. A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t ( )3. It’s rather hot in the room. You’d better ________ the windows or the door. A. close B. not to close C. don’t close D. not close 二．用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. ____________(not give) up English because it is very important. 2. Please ____________(cheer) for our football team when the match begins. 3. ___________(remember) to help Lucy if she can’t work out her problem in class. 4. You'd better not __________(play) in the street. 5. The teacher told you ____________(not touch) the wet paint. Unit 5 动词不定式 当句子中已经有谓语动词，而我们又要表达不止一个动作概念时，其余的动词可以使用非谓语形式。动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，其基本形式是“to+动词原形”。如： He wants to play football after class. 他想课后踢足球。 动词不定式在句子中不充当谓语，因此没有人称、数的变化，可在句中充当多种成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。如： To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 What are you trying to do? 你想干什么? The teacher asked us to read more English stories. 老师让我们多读英语故事。 They got up early to catch the early bus. 他们早起去赶早班车。 动词不定式做宾语 动词不定式在句中常充当谓语动词的宾语，这一类谓语动词常见的有： decide forget hope choose afford agree learn plan promise refuse try want prepare manage I decided to visit my grandparents this weekend. 我决定这个周末去看望祖父母。 注意：动词不定式的否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。如： You must promise not to do this again. 你必须保证不再这么做了。 动词不定式做目的状语 我们还可以用动词不定式表示某一动作或状态的目的。如： We will move faster to build China into a strong country in sports. 我们要加快将中国建设成为体育强国。 He stayed at the school to clean the classroom. 他留在学校打扫教室。 · 为了使表达更加清楚或对目的加以强调，还可以在动词前面用in order to。如： She is running quickly in order to catch the first bus. 为了赶上首班公交车，她正飞快地跑者。 I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly. 为了听得更清楚，我要坐在前面。 注意：由in order to引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首。如： They left early in order to get there in time. 为了及时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。 = In order to get there in time, they left early. 动词不定式做宾语补足语 我们可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况，此时动词不定式在句中充当宾语补足语。如： I want you to sing a song for us. 我想让你给我们唱首歌。 My father asked me to clean my room. 我爸爸让我打扫一下我的房间。 · 部分动词，如ask、tell、order、invite、get、allow、wish、want、encourage、advise、warn、like、love、hate等，常跟带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。如： What did your parents advise you to do? 你父母建议你怎么做? The policeman told the boys not to swim in the river. 警察告诉男孩伯别在河里游泳。 · 感官动词，如hear、feel、see、watch、notice等，以及使役动词let、make和have，常跟不带to的动词不定式。此时不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。如： I saw her open the door. 我看见她打开门。 You can let the boy go first. 你可以让那个男孩先走。 · 动词help后面的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。如： She often helps me (to) do the housework. 她常常帮我做家务。 We helped him (to) fix his bike. 我们帮他修自行车。 【巩固练习】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. Many students are talking about DeepSeek, and I hope _________ it to learn English words. A. use B. used C. using D. to use ( )2. During the Dragon Boat Festival, many people gather in Mochou Lake Park _________ the dragon boat races. A. watch B. to watch C. watches D. watched ( )3. With the popularity of traditional clothes, many people want __________ horse-face skirts in daily life. A. to try B. try C. tried D. trying ( )4. In order __________ the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to miss B. not missing C. to miss D. missing ( )5. ---Why are you in a hurry, James? ---____________ the early bus to the city centre. A. Catch B. To catch C. To catching D. Catching ( )6. Our headmaster will invite a scientist __________ us a speech on space technology. A. Give B. given C. giving D. to give ( )7. We should do everything we can __________ the birds _________ danger. A. to protect; away B. protected; from C. protecting; in D. to protect; in ( )8. Keep the salad in the fridge for a while, and you can make it _________ nicer. A. to taste B. taste C. tastes D. tasting ( )9. Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared __________ the Science Club. A. join B. joining C. to join D. to joining ( )10. ---Safety comes first! Everyone should stop the kids from __________ in the lake or river. ---Life is valuable. Kids must remember _________ the school rules. A. swim; to follow B. swim; following C. swimming; following D. swimming; to follow 二、根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ___________(not eat) too much in the desert, or you'll feel quite thirsty. 2. I plan ___________(send) a gift to my father tomorrow for Father's Day. 3. Our government has taken action ___________(make) life in the countryside better. 4. ---Tom, do you think reading is important? ---Yes, I do. So I decide ___________(spend) more time reading from now on. 5. Our country has made laws ___________(protect) biodiversity(生物多样性) of the Yangtze River. 6. Today, we must continue working ___________(keep) our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear. 7. Boys and girls, good luck and wish you ___________(get) good grades in a new year. 8. __________(cut) down air pollution, we should walk or take the bus instead of driving. 9. It's important for us __________(work) hard in order to have a better life. 10. The children did a lot of research in the lab __________(finish) the science project. Unit 6 动词及基本句型（I） 动词可分为行为动词（也称实义动词）和连系动词。 行为动词 行为动词有实在的意义，可在句中独立充当谓语，表示动作或状态。行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 · 不及物动词本身意义完整，无须接宾语。由这类动词构成的句子结构为S+V (主+谓)。如： We all laughed. 我们都笑了。 Peter is swimming in the pool now. 彼得现在正在泳池里游泳. · 及物动词本身意义不够完整，后面需接宾语。由这类动词构成的句子结构是S+V+O (主+谓+宾)。如： Kitty will watch a film this Sunday. 基蒂这个星期天会去看电影。 The restaurant serves many traditional Chinese dishes. 这家餐馆供应许多传统的中国菜。 连系动词 连系动词主要指be动词、感官动词(look、sound、feel、smell、taste)、表示“变，变成”的动词(become、get、grow、turn)、表示“保持”的动词(remain、keep、stay)和表示“似乎”的动词(seem、appear)等。 连系动词本身具有词义，但意义不完整，后需接表语。通常结构为S+V+P (主+系+表)。如： He is a teacher. 他是一位教师。 The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。 Her face turned red. 她的脸变红了。 China remains unchanged in building good relationships with other countries. 中国同其他国家建立良好关系的决心没有改变。 Unit 7 动词及基本句型（II） · 有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语，其中一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。由这类动词构成的句子结构是S+V+O+O (主+谓+宾+宾)。如： He showed me his driving licence. 他向我出示了他的驾照。 (me是间接宾语，his driving licence是直接宾语) I will buy you some flowers. 我会给你买一些花。 · 在含有双宾语的结构中，当直接宾语在间接宾语之前时，间接宾语常可改成一个由to或for引导的短语。如： He gave me some food. 他给了我一些食物。= He gave some food to me. I will make Grandpa some jiaozi. 我要给爷爷包些饺子。= I will make some jiaozi for Grandpa. 注意：能与to搭配的动词有bring、feed、give、hand、lend、offer、pass、pay、post、read、sell、send、 show、take、teach、tell、write等。 能与for搭配的动词有bring、build、buy、cook、find、get、leave、make、order、pick、save 等。 · 有些及物动词后面常跟宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等。这样构成的句子结构是S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)。如： I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他在过马路。 注意：宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式来充当。如：We call them mooncakes. 我们把它们叫作月饼。 I had my computer repaired yesterday. 我昨天找人修好了我的电脑。 并列连词and、but、or和 so 我们可以用并列连词and、but、or和so来连接单词、短语或者句子。如： Our English teacher is kind and helpful. 我们的英语老师既和蔼又乐于助人。 The boy is not very tall but he runs very fast. 这个男孩个子不是很高，但跑得很快。 Do you often go home on foot or by bicycle? 你通常回家是步行，还是骑自行车? She was ill, so she did not go to school. 她生病了，所以没去上学。 注意：并列连词可以用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系或因果关系等。 · 并列连词and意思是“和，又”，表达并列关系。如： Mike likes playing football and singing songs. 迈克喜欢踢足球和唱歌。 · 并列连词but意思是“但是”，表达转折关系，所连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。如： The room was small but comfortable. 房问虽小，但很舒适。 · 并列连词or意思是“或者”，表达选择关系。如： Which do you like better, juice or coffee? 果汁和咖啡，你更喜欢哪一个? 注意：在否定句中并列成分通常用or连接，而不用and。如： I cannot speak Japanese or French. 我不会说日语和法语。 · 并列连词so意思是“因此，所以”，表达因果关系，常用来连接两个简单句。如： It began to rain, so we went home. 开始下雨了，所以我们就回家了。 注意：并列连词so和从属连词because (因为)不能一起使用。如： The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to cat. (√) Because the dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat. (×) 【巩固练习】 一、观察下列句子，写出每个句子的基本结构。 1. The little boy is running on the playground. _____________________ 2. My mother bought me a new pen yesterday. _____________________ 3.He watches TV at home in the evening. _____________________ 4. It is very hot now. _____________________ 5. Suddenly, he heard someone shouting, “Fire. Fire. Help!” _____________________ 6. The wind blows. _____________________ 7.We are all good students. _____________________ 8. You look well today. _____________________ 9. The girl in a pink dress loves reading very much. _____________________ 10. His words made me unhappy. _____________________ 二、单项选择。 ( )1. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I like playing the piano.”? A. He runs fast every day. B. We watched a film last night. C. He helped me clean the classroom. D. Who posted me the letter in the morning? ( )2. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The idea sounds good.”? A. The wind is blowing hard. B. The story seems interesting. C. Children like flying kites. D. I made Mum a birthday card. ( )3. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “The children are playing happily on the playground.”? A. Some children are playing football. B. They are passing the ball to each other. C. The coach teaches them to work as a team. D. They are listening carefully around the coach. ( )4. Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “He bought his son some interesting books.”? A. The news made all of us happy. B. The children are reading some books. C. Mr Li is teaching us a new English song. D. He felt really tired out after a hard day's work. ( )5. ---Which sentence has the same structure as “We find The Anti-Bully Squad interesting.”? ---It is “___________”. A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC ( )6. The structure of the sentence “I saw him crossing the street.” is ___________. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+O+O ( )7. Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “It is getting dark.”? A. He bought me a gift. B. The fish tastes good. C. The boys are playing basketball. D. My mum buys me a basketball. ( )8. Which of the following sentences has an Object Complement(OC)? A. Earth lost 50% of wildlife in the past. B. Animals feel pain like humans. C. We feel wildlife the beauty of nature. D. We can stand up for wildlife. ( )9. I want to share the best art with people, _________ I am always searching for something better. A. and B. but C. or D. so ( )10. Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, _________ you will find it fun and meaningful. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( )11. We must get up at 7: 00 tomorrow morning, _________ we'll be late for the train. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( )12. Mike and his parents haven't tried dumplings, _________ they all know the tasty Chinese food. A. and B. but C. because D. so ( )13. The flight was delayed(延期) because of the storm, __________ the passengers had to wait at the airport. A. so B. or C. for D. but ( )14. It is not easy to change habits, _________ with hard work and self-control, you can make it. A. or B. but C. and D. so ( )15. ---Do you like Journey to the West _________ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? ---Journey to the West. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( )16. Our history teacher often says we should look forward to the future, ________ never forget the past. A. so B. for C. as D. but ( )17. Oh, I get it --- you want me to do all the work _________ you sit at home doing nothing. A. or B. while C. until D. unless ( )18. ---I think all women, young and old, look beautiful in a qipao. ---I agree, _________ I like hanfu most. They are usually comfortable to wear. A. but B. so C. as D. because Unit 8 过去进行时 我们可以用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如： I was reading at 8 p.m. last night. 昨晚八点我正在读书。 What were you doing last month? 你上个月一直在做什么? · 过去进行时的肯定结构是由“ was/were+动词-ing形式”构成，否定结构是由“ was/were+not +动词-ing形式”构成。如： The boy was cleaning the house. 那个男孩在打扫房子。 We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时侯我们没在购物。 · 有些动词通常不用于进行时，主要有： 1. 表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。 2. 部分连系动词，如seem、appear等。 3. 感官动词，如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等。 4. 短暂性动词，如 decide、stop等。 when、while和as的用法 · when、while和as这三个词均有“当……时候”的意思。如： There were already many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 他到场时会议室已有很多人。 While Millie was watching TV, her mum was sleeping. 米莉在看电视时，她妈妈在睡觉。 I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning. 今天早晨我骑车上学时看见一起交通事故。 · when和as既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的； while指一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。 指一段时间时，when、while和as都可用；指一点时间时，只能用when或as，不能用while。试比较： When/As he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (√) While he woke up, it was eight o'clock. (×) When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her. (√) · 当某个动作正在进行时，又发生了另一动作，我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作，用一般过去时表示短动作，此时when、while、as都可以连接主从句，构成“一般过去时+when/while/as+过去进行时”结构，过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下，连词when、while、as既可位于句中，也可位于句首。如： It began to rain heavily when/while/as we were having dinner. 我们在吃晚饭时，开始下起大雨。(have dinner为长动作) When/while/As we were reading, a stranger came in. 当我们正在看书时，一个陌生人走了进来。(read为长动作) 谈论两个同时进行的长动作（事件、情况），常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。如： They were rowing boats while we were climbing the hill. 当我们在爬山时，他们在划船。 While she was making a phone-call, I was writing an email. 当她在打电话时，我正在写一封电子邮件。 · 强调某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生，常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。如： I was walking in the street when he called me. 他打电话给我时，我正走在街上。 · 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。此时as有“随着……”“—边……,一边……”的意思。如： As years go by, China is getting richer and stronger. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 The little girls sang as they played. 小姑娘们一边玩，一边唱。 【巩固练习】 一、单项选择。 ( )1. ---__________ did the rainstorm come? ---While we __________ a Physics lesson yesterday. A. When; have had B. While; are having C. When; were having D. While; have ( )2. ---I didn't see you at Sandy's birthday party yesterday evening. ---The exam is coming. I __________ my homework then. A. did B. was doing C. will do D. do ( )3. While I ________ in the supermarket with my mum yesterday evening, my sister _________ at home. A. was shopping; was reading B. shopped; read C. am shopping; is reading D. was shopping; read ( )4. The cars were moving slowly in the heavy traffic ________ the bike riders were passing by with difficulty. A. when B. while C. as D. before ( )5. Sadly, people were all sleeping _________ the earthquake happened, so many of them lost their lives. A. since B. while C. because D. when ( )6. ---Be careful! You might fall into the river. ---Thank you. I _________ I _________ so close to it. A. didn't know; am standing B. don't know; am standing C. didn't know; was standing D. don't know; was standing ( )7. ---__________ did the bell ring? ---_________ we were having dinner, the bell rang. A. As; When B. When; While C. When;Or D. While; When ( )8. When I _________ an online class, my cat suddenly jumped onto my keyboard and shut down the video. A. attend B. would attend C. was attending D. had attended ( )9. ---Why did you get wet yesterday afternoon? ---It ________ to rain at five. And at that time, we _________kites. A. was beginning; flew B. was starting; flew C. began; were flying D. began; flew ( )10. ---Why didn't you open the door for me, Jim? ---I ___________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn't hear the knock. A. am washing B. have washed C. was washing D. washed 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. While we __________(mop) the floor, the telephone suddenly rang. 2. The children ___________(do) their homework when the power went out. 3. When I arrived at the theatre, all the followers ___________(wait) for the show to start. 4. Sorry, I didn't hear your words. I ___________(think) about which book to read next. 5. ---Did you see Anne outside the door just now? ---Sure. She ___________(ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 6. ---I saw Alice in Greenwich Park last Sunday afternoon. ---What? But she ___________(practise) playing volleyball with me that whole afternoon. 7. Peter missed my call yesterday because he ___________(drive) home at that time. 8. ---Why didn't you say anything? ---Sorry, I ___________(reply) to my boss's message. 9. ---Why did the policeman stop your car? ---I ___________ (make) a call at that moment. What a bad day! 10. While he __________(walk), a bike rider ran into him. 11. When I got home, my pet dog __________(lie) on the floor. 12. ---_________ the Blacks __________(watch) video tapes between 7.00 and 9.00 last night? ---Yes, they ___________. 三、句型转换。 1. I was helping my neighbour look after her baby at that time. (改为一般疑问句) _________ _________ _________ _________ neighbour look after her baby at that time? 2. Mrs White was fixing the broken bookshelf the whole morning. (改为否定句) Mrs White _________ _________ the broken bookshelf the whole morning. 3. The host is inviting some students to the stage now. (用at this time yesterday替换now改写句子) The host _________ _________ some students to the stage at this time yesterday. 4. Peter was putting in a brighter light. The doorbell rang. (合并为一句) Peter _________ _________ in a brighter light _________ the doorbell rang. 5. They were counting the number of the birds from 8:00 to 11:00 yesterday morning. (对画线部分提问) _________ _________ they _________ from 8:00 to 11.00 yesterday morning? 四、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1.我们正在谈论汤姆，这时他走了进来。 We were talking about Tom _________ _________ _________ _________ the room. 2.我在拍照的时候，一个雪球击中了我。 A snowball _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________. 3.看到那些人恐惧地尖叫，我的心在那一刻跳得很快。 When I saw those people screaming in fear, my heart _________ _________ _________ at that moment. 4.昨天此时，妈妈在做饭，爸爸和我在看一场足球赛。 My father _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ with me _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ at this time yesterday. 5.那个小女孩在打雪仗时跌倒了。 The little girl _________ _________ when she _________ _________ _________ _________ _________. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $