内容正文:
译林五上 知识讲义
Unit 6 My e-friend第一部分 知识梳理
语音
辅音字母w通常发/w/ 如:we、wear、wall、want、window、well、wet、weather、work、worker、watch、water、week、winter、woman、always、warm、swing、wing、with、wait、worry
辅音字母组合 wh 通常也发/w/ 如:where、what、which、when、white
注意:write、wrong、write 的w不发音
【小试牛刀】
一、单词辨音,选出划线部分读音不同的选项,将序号填入题前括号内。
( ) 1. A. weather B. two C. sweater
( ) 2. A. woman B. man C. have
( ) 3. A. yellow B. year C. very
( ) 4. A. pear B. bear C. near
( ) 5. A. how B. follow C. window
( ) 6. A. whose B. when C. where
1. B
- 解析:weather和sweater中划线的w发/w/,two中w不发音,读音不同。
2. A
- 解析:woman中a发/ə/,man和have中a发/æ/,读音不同。
3. C
- 解析:yellow和year中划线的y发/j/,very中y发/i/,读音不同。
4. C
- 解析:pear和bear中ear发/eə/,near中ear发/ɪə/,读音不同。
5. A
- 解析:follow和window中ow发/əʊ/,how中ow发/aʊ/,读音不同。
6. A
- 解析:when和where中wh发/w/,whose中wh发/h/,读音不同。
词汇
类别
序号
单词
音标
释义
四会单词
1
e-friend
/iː-frend/
网友
2
email
/'iːmeɪl/
电子邮件
3
live
/lɪv/
住,居住
4
study
/'stʌdi/
学习
5
China
/'tʃaɪnə/
中国
6
tomorrow
/tə'mɒrəʊ/
明天
7
sit
/sɪt/
坐
8
by…
/baɪ/
在……旁边
三会单词
1
send
/send/
发出(信件、邮件等)
2
to
/tu/
给
3
UK
-
英国
4
PRC
-
中华人民共和国
5
Canada
/'kænədə/
加拿大
6
US
-
美国
7
fishing
/'fɪʃɪŋ/
钓鱼,捕鱼
8
wait
/weɪt/
等,等待
9
minute
/'mɪnɪt/
分
10
Greece
/griːs/
希腊
11
Russia
/'rʌʃə/
俄罗斯
短语
类别
序号
词组
释义
四会词组
1
my e-friend
我的网友
2
go and play football
去踢足球
3
in the playground
在操场上
4
this email
这封邮件
5
your e-friend
你的网友
6
go fishing tomorrow
明天去钓鱼
7
live in China
住在中国
8
have Chinese lessons at school
在校上语文课
9
study Chinese after school
放学后学语文
10
like Maths and PE
喜欢数学和体育
11
what subjects
什么课程
12
like swimming too
也喜欢游泳
13
have an e-friend
有一个网友
14
an email to my e-friend
一封给我网友的电子邮件
15
be good at fishing
善于钓鱼
16
have many fish
有/吃许多鱼
17
don't eat oranges
不吃桔子
18
sit by the river
坐在河边
19
wait a minute
等一会儿
20
don't worry
别担心
21
teach you
教你
22
tomorrow morning
明天早上
三会词组
1
send an email
发送一封邮件
2
eleven years old
十一岁
3
live here/ there
住在这里/那里
4
send… to…
寄……给……
5
in the UK
在英国
6
live in Canada
住在加拿大
7
speak Chinese
说汉语
8
You're right.
你是对的。
9
turn to ice
变成冰
10
the winter weather
冬天的天气
11
wear warm clothes
穿暖和的衣服
12
write Chinese addresses like this
像这样写汉语地址
13
write English addresses like this
像这样写英语地址
14
at a snack bar
在一个小吃店
15
wait and wait
等了又等
16
know about your e-friends
了解你的网友
17
talk about them
谈论他们
18
know about these countries
知道这些国家
19
do well in English
英语学得好
20
know the sound of the letter "w"
知道字母“w”的发音
21
make an e-friend
交一个网友
22
ask and guess
问问猜猜
23
the People's Republic of China
中国
24
the United Kingdom
英国
25
the United States
美国
句型
类别
序号
句型原文
中文释义
四会句型
1
Let's go and play football in the playground.
让我们去操场上踢足球吧
2
Let me send this email first.
让我先发送这个电子邮件
3
— Who's your e-friend? — He's Peter. He lives in the UK.
—谁是你的网友? —他是彼得。他住在英国
4
— How old is he? — He's 11 years old.
—他多大? —他十一岁
5
— Can he speak Chinese? — Yes, he can.
—他会说中文吗? —是的,他会
6
— Does he have Chinese lessons at school? — No, he doesn't.
—他在学校上中文课吗? —不,他不上
7
— What does he do after school? — He studies Chinese after school.
—他放学后做些什么? —他放学后学习中文
8
— What subjects does he like? — He likes Maths and PE.
—他喜欢什么课程? —他喜欢数学和体育
9
— Does he like playing football? — Yes, he does.
—他喜欢踢足球吗? —是的,他喜欢
10
— What does she like doing? — She likes swimming.
—她喜欢做什么? —她喜欢游泳
11
— Where does your friend live? — He lives in China.
—你朋友住在哪里? —他住在中国
12
The email is to my e-friend.
这邮件是给我的网友的
13
Sam has many fish, but Bobby doesn't have any.
萨姆有很多鱼,但是鲍比没有
14
Don't worry. I can teach you.
别担心。我可以教你
15
Let's go fishing tomorrow.
让我们明天去钓鱼吧
三会句型
1
In winter, water turns to ice.
在冬天,水结成冰
2
And sometimes it snows.
并且有时候下雪
3
We always wear warm clothes.
我们总是穿保暖的衣服
4
We write Chinese addresses like this.
我们这样写中文地址
5
We write English addresses like this.
我们这样写英文地址
6
Bobby and Sam sit by the river.
鲍比和萨姆坐在河边
7
Bobby and Sam eat fish at a snack bar.
鲍比和萨姆在小吃店吃鱼
8
You're really good at fishing.
你真的很擅长钓鱼
9
— What do fish eat? — They eat apples.
—鱼吃什么? —它们吃苹果
10
— Do they eat oranges too? — Yes, they do.
—它们也吃橘子吗? —是的
11
I don't have any fish.
我没有一些鱼
12
— Where are you from? — I am from China.
—你来自哪里? —我来自中国
13
— Where do you come from? — I come from China.
—你来自哪里? —我来自中国
14
What do you know about these countries?
关于这些国家,你知道些什么?
15
I can talk about my e-friend.
我能谈论我的网友
16
I know the sound of the letter "w".第二部分 语法精讲
我知道字母“w”的发音
语法1:一般现在时的否定句
一、含有 be 动词(am, is, are),改否定句时在 be 动词后面加 not
1. I am a tall boy. 我是一个高个子男孩。
否定句: I am not a tall boy. 我不是一个高个子男孩。
2. He is a nice farmer. 他是个好的农场主。
否定句:He is not a nice farmer. 他不是一个好的农场主。
3. We are policemen. 我们是警察。
否定句:We are not policemen. 我们不是警察。
二、一般情况下,含有情态动词的句型,改否定句时在情态动词后面加 not
1. I can dance. 我会跳舞。
否定句:I cannot dance. 或 I can’t dance. 我不会跳舞。
2. They should speak English. 他们应该说英语。
否定句:They shouldn’t speak English. 他们不应该说英语。
3. He must go home. 他必须回家。
否定句:He mustn’t go home. 他不可以回家。
三、含有实义动词的句子,变否定句分两步走。借助于 does/ do,后接动词原型
1. 如果主语是第三人称单数,要在实义动词前加 doesn’t,实义动词用原形
(1)He eats an apple. 他吃一个苹果。
否定句:He doesn’t eat an apple. 他没有吃一个苹果。
(2)Jim does his homework. 吉姆做他的家庭作业。
否定句:Jim doesn’t do his homework. 吉姆没有做他的家庭作业。
2. 如果主语不是第三人称单数即主语为第一人称,第二人称和第三人称复数,只需在实义动词前加 don’t
(1)I teach English. 我教英语。
否定句: I don’t teach English. 我不教英语。
(2)They go to school. 他们上学。
否定句: They don’t go to school. 他们不上学。
(3)We sing a song. 我们唱首歌。
否定句:We don’t sing a song. 我们没有唱首歌。
四、含有情态动词的特殊情况
1. You must say something at the meeting. 你必须在会议上说些什么。
否定句:You needn’t say anything at the meeting. 你不必在会议上说些什么。
分析:当“must+行为动词”用来表示“必须”的含义时,其否定式可用 needn’t 或 mustn’t 表示“不需要”,“不必”,语气委婉,must not 表示“禁止”,“千万别”语气生硬。
2. You may come in now. 你现在可以进来。
否定句:You mustn’t come in now. 你现在不必进来。
分析:may 作为情态动词表示“可以”时,其否定式用 must not,而不用 may not。
【小试牛刀】
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. He ______ (not have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy ______ (not be) in Class One.
3. We ______ (not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick ______ (not go) to the zoo on Sundays.
5. They ______ (not like) the World Cup.
6. They ______ (be) at home now.
7. Your parents ______ (not read) newspapers every day.
8. The girl ______ (not teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ______ (not take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ______ (not be) any water in the bottle.
11. Mike ______ (not like) cooking.
12. They ______ (not have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt ______ (not look) after her baby carefully.
14. You ______ (not do) your homework well.
15. I ______ (not be) ill. I’m hungry.
二、将下列句子改为否定句
1. I often play football after school. ____________________
2. They are good at English. ____________________
3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing chess. ____________________
4. She lives in a small town. ____________________
5. I watch TV every day. ____________________
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. doesn't have
- 解析:He是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形have。
2. aren't
- 解析:Daniel and Tommy是复数,be动词用are,否定式是aren't。
3. don't watch
- 解析:We是复数,否定句用don't,后接动词原形watch。
4. doesn't go
- 解析:Nick是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形go。
5. don't like
- 解析:They是复数,否定句用don't,后接动词原形like。
6. are
- 解析:They是复数,now提示一般现在时,be动词用are。
7. don't read
- 解析:Your parents是复数,否定句用don't,后接动词原形read。
8. doesn't teach
- 解析:The girl是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形teach。
9. don't take
- 解析:She and I是复数,否定句用don't,后接动词原形take。
10. isn't
- 解析:water是不可数名词,there be句型中be动词用is,否定式是isn't。
11. doesn't like
- 解析:Mike是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形like。
12. don't have
- 解析:They是复数,否定句用don't,后接动词原形have。
13. doesn't look
- 解析:My aunt是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形look。
14. don't do
- 解析:You是第二人称,否定句用don't,后接动词原形do。
15. am not
- 解析:I后be动词用am,否定式是am not。
二、将下列句子改为否定句
1. I don't often play football after school.
- 解析:I是第一人称,否定句用don't,后接动词原形play。
2. They aren't good at English.
- 解析:are的否定式是aren't。
3. Gao Shan's sister doesn't like playing chess.
- 解析:Gao Shan's sister是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形like。
4. She doesn't live in a small town.
- 解析:She是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't,后接动词原形live。
5. I don't watch TV every day.
- 解析:I是第一人称,否定句用don't,后接动词原形watch。
语法2:一般现在时一般疑问句的类型及回答
一、一般疑问句的类型
一般疑问句是指询问是否事实的句子,必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。以一般现在时为例:
1. be 动词引导的一般疑问句。结构:be + 主语+ …? 如:
— Is she a writer? — No, she’s a teacher. —她是个作家吗? —不,她是个老师。
— Are there any cakes in the box? —Yes, there are. —盒子里有一些蛋糕吗?—是的,有。
2. 助动词do和does引导的一般疑问句。 结构: Do/ Does +主语 …? 如:
— Do you have an e-friend? — Yes, I do. —你有一个网友吗?—是的,我有。
— Do they like swimming? — Yes, they do. —他们喜欢游泳吗?—是的,他们喜欢。
— Does she like singing? — No, she doesn’t. —她喜欢唱歌吗?—不,她不喜欢。
— Does it have two wings? — No, it doesn’t. —它有两只翅膀吗?—不,它没有。
3. 情态动词引导的一般疑问句。结构: Can/ Would + 主语…? 如:
— Can you play basketball well? — No, I can’t. —你篮球能打得好吗?—不,我不能。
— Would you like some cakes? — Yes, please. —你要一些蛋糕吗?—好的,谢谢。
二、肯定句变化为一般疑问句的规则
1. 有be动词(am, is, are)或情态动词(can, should, would 等)
(1)be动词或情态动词前移;(2)第一人称变为第二人称;
(3)some改成any,and 改成or;(4)句末改成问号。
2. 没有be动词或情态动词
(1)句首添加助动词do或does,动词变为原型;
(2)第一、第二人称互换;(3)some改成any,and 改成or;(4)句末改成问号。
三、一般疑问句回答所遵循原则:怎么问,怎么答。
1. I have an e-friend. 我有一个网友。
改为一般疑问句:— Do you have an e-friend? —你有一个网友吗?
肯定回答: — Yes, I do. —是的,我有。 否定回答: — No, I don’t. —不,我没有。
2. He studies English at school. 他在学校学习英语。
改为一般疑问句:— Does he study English at school? —他在学校学习英语吗?
肯定回答:— Yes, he does. —是的,他是。否定回答:— No, he doesn’t. —不,他不是。
1. — Do you like playing basketball? — No, we don't.
- 解析:原句主语是“We”,改为一般疑问句时用助动词“Do”,后接动词原形“like”;否定回答用“No, we don't”。
2. — Does your e-friend live in Shanghai? — Yes, he/she does.
- 解析:原句主语“My e-friend”是第三人称单数,改为一般疑问句时用助动词“Does”,“My”变为“your”,动词“lives”还原为“live”;肯定回答用“Yes, he/she does”。
3. Do Wang Bing and Peter sit by the river?
- 解析:原句主语“Wang Bing and Peter”是复数,改为一般疑问句时用助动词“Do”,后接动词原形“sit”。
4. — Does your brother like skating? — Yes, he does.
- 解析:原句主语“My brother”是第三人称单数,改为一般疑问句时用助动词“Does”,“My”变为“your”,动词“likes”还原为“like”;肯定回答用“Yes, he does”。
【小试牛刀】
1. We like playing basketball.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— ______ ______ ______ playing basketball? — ______, ______ ______.
2. My e-friend lives in Shanghai.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— ______ ______ e-friend ______ in Shanghai? — ______, ______ ______.
3. Wang Bing and Peter sit by the river.(改为一般疑问句)
______ Wang Bing and Peter ______ by the river?
4. My brother likes skating.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— ______ ______ brother ______ ______? — ______, ______ ______.
语法3:一般现在时特殊疑问句的类型及回答
特殊疑问句的结构:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?
特殊疑问句回答时,遵循的原则:问什么,答什么。
特殊疑问句
单词
意思
用法
单词
意思
用法
when
什么时候
问时间
what
什么
问东西
who
谁
问人
what time
什么时间
问时间
whom
谁(who的宾格)
问人
what colour
什么颜色
问颜色
whose
谁的
问主人
what about
怎么样
问意见
where
在哪里
问地点
what day
星期几
问星期几
which
哪一个
问选择
what date
什么日期
问具体日期
why
为什么
问原因
what for
为何目的
问目的
how
怎样
问情况
how much
多少,多少钱
问数量或价钱
how old
几岁
问年龄
how about
……怎么样
问意见
how many
多少
问数量
how far
多远
问距离
【小试牛刀】
一、用 who, where, when 填空。
1. A: ______ is that pretty girl? B: She is my sister.
2. A: ______ are Jack and Tom? B: They are behind you.
3. A: ______ do you go to school? B: I go to school from Monday to Friday.
4. A: ______ has a beautiful flower? B: John has a beautiful flower.
5. A: ______ are they? B: They are my parents.
6. A: ______ is my mother? B: She is in the living room.
7. A: ______ are you going? B: We are going to the bakery(面包坊).
8. A: ______ do Jim and Wendy play ball? B: They play ball in the afternoon.
9. A: ______ does he jog? B: He jogs in the park.
10. A: ______ are you from? B: I’m from Changchun.
二、用 what time, what colour, what day, what 填空。
1. A: ______ ______ is it? B: It is nine o’clock.
2. A: ______ ______ is it today? B: It’s Sunday.
3. A: ______ ______ do you go to bed? B: I go to bed at 10:00.
4. A: ______ do you have? B: I have a tent.
5. A: ______ ______ is it? B: It is purple.
6. A: ______ does he like? B: He likes fish.
7. A: ______ ______ is your coat? B: My coat is black.
8. A: ______ ______ is the dog? B: The dog is white.
9. A: ______ ______ is today? B: It is Monday.
10. A: ______ ______ is it tomorrow? B: It is Tuesday.
一、用 who, where, when 填空
1. Who(解析:对“人”提问用who)
2. Where(解析:对“地点”提问用where)
3. When(解析:对“时间”提问用when)
4. Who(解析:对“人”提问用who)
5. Who(解析:对“人”提问用who)
6. Where(解析:对“地点”提问用where)
7. Where(解析:对“地点”提问用where)
8. When(解析:对“时间”提问用when)
9. Where(解析:对“地点”提问用where)
10. Where(解析:对“地点”提问用where)
二、用 what time, what colour, what day, what 填空
1. What time(解析:对“时间点”提问用what time)
2. What day(解析:对“星期”提问用what day)
3. What time(解析:对“时间点”提问用what time)
4. What(解析:对“事物”提问用what)
5. What colour(解析:对“颜色”提问用what colour)
6. What(解析:对“事物”提问用what)
7. What colour(解析:对“颜色”提问用what colour)
8. What colour(解析:对“颜色”提问用what colour)
9. What day(解析:对“星期”提问用what day)
10. What day(解析:对“星期”提问用what day)
语法4:第三人称单数
一、第三人称单数的分类
1. 人称代词 he, she, it 是第三人称单数。如:
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。
2. 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语,是第三人称单数。如:
Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
3. 单数可数名词或“this/ that/ the + 单数可数名词”作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
This book is yours. 这本书是你的。
That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。
The cat is Lucy’s. 这只猫是露茜的。
4. 不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等以及指示代词 this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表坏了。
This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
5. 不可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。
The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
6. 当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:
“I” is a letter. “I”是个字母。
二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1. 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同。
(1)大多数动词在词尾加“s”。在清辅音后发音为/s/,在浊辅音及元音后发音为/z/。如:
① stop-stops /s/; make-makes /s/
② read-reads /z/; play-plays /z/
(2)以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为/iz/ 。如:
teach-teaches /iz/; watch-watches /iz/
(3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后再加“es”读/z/。如:
fly-flies /z/; carry-carries /z/; study-studies /z/
(4)以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读/z/。如:
go-goes /z/; do-does /z/
2. 下面几个动词变为第三人称单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化。如:
do /du:/-does /dʌz/
say /sei/-says /sez/
【小试牛刀】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. You ______ (be) good at Chinese. I ______ (be) good at English. She ______ (be) good at Art.
2. She ______ (play) table tennis ______ (good).
3. He ______ (have) a nice bike. He ______ (like) ______ (ride) bikes.
4. — What subjects ______ he ______ (study) at school? — He ______ (study) English and Music.
5. — Where ______ (do) he ______ (live)? — He ______ (live) in ______ (US).
6. — Can you speak ______ (China)? — Yes, I can speak ______ (England), too.
7. Mike often ______ (go) ______ (swim). He ______ (swim) well.
8. Sam ______ (have) some ______ (fish). He’s good at ______ (fish), but he ______ (do not) like ______ (eat) fish.
9. Sometimes it ______ (snow) in winter and water ______ (turn) to ice.
10. — What ______ you usually ______ (do) on Saturday? — I usually ______ (write) emails.
11. My father ______ (speak) English and I ______ (speak) English too.
12. — ______ he like ______ (play) football? — Yes, he ______ (like) ______ (skate), too.
1. are; am; is
- 解析:You后用are,I后用am,She后用is。
2. plays; well
- 解析:She是第三人称单数,play变plays;“好”修饰动词play用副词well。
3. has; likes; riding
- 解析:He是第三人称单数,have变has,like变likes;like后接动名词riding。
4. does; study; studies
- 解析:he是第三人称单数,疑问句用does,后接study原形;答句中study变studies。
5. does; live; lives; the US
- 解析:he是第三人称单数,疑问句用does,后接live原形;答句中live变lives;“美国”是the US。
6. Chinese; English
- 解析:“汉语”是Chinese,“英语”是English。
7. goes; swimming; swims
- 解析:Mike是第三人称单数,go变goes;go swimming是固定搭配;swim变swims。
8. has; fish; fishing; doesn't; eating
- 解析:Sam是第三人称单数,have变has;fish表示“鱼”时单复数同形;be good at后接动名词fishing;he是第三人称单数,否定用doesn't;like后接动名词eating。
9. snows; turns
- 解析:it和water是第三人称单数,snow变snows,turn变turns。
10. do; do; write
- 解析:you是第二人称,疑问句用do,后接do原形;答句中write用原形。
11. speaks; speak
- 解析:My father是第三人称单数,speak变speaks;I后用speak原形。
12. Does; playing; likes; skating
- 解析:he是第三人称单数,疑问句用Does,like后接动名词playing;答句中like变likes,后接动名词skating。
课外小拓展
第三部分 课后练习
一、英汉互译
1. 居住在中国
2. 说英语
3. 写一份邮件
4. 发送这封电子邮件
5. 有一个网友
6. 放学后学习中文
7. 坐在河边
8. 等一会儿。
9. 别担心。
10. 明天去钓鱼
11. send to Canada
12. wear warm clothes
13. write English addresses
14. eleven years old
15. the winter weather
16. in Australia
二、单项选择题
( ) 1. Let ______ send this email first.
A. I
B. me
C. we
( ) 2. Peter is my e-friend. He ______ in the US.
A. lives
B. living
C. live
( ) 3. We study English ______ school.
A. in
B. at
C. on
( ) 4. — Do the fish eat oranges? — No, ______ don’t.
A. we
B. you
C. they
( ) 5. I want to ______ this email ______ my friend.
A. give, to
B. put, in
C. send, to
( ) 6. Helen ______ Chinese after school.
A. study
B. studys
C. studies
( ) 7. — ______ Su Hai ______ playing the piano? — Yes, she does.
A. Does, like
B. Does, likes
C. Do, like
( ) 8. My aunt is a Chinese woman. ______ she lives in Canada now.
A. But
B. And
C. Or
( ) 9. You can sit ______ the window.
A. between
B. by
C. in front
( ) 10. In spring, ______ turns to ______.
A. water, snow
B. water, ice
C. ice, water
三、情境搭配
( ) 1. Does he like playing football? A. No, I don’t.
( ) 2. Where do you live? B. She’s twelve years old
( ) 3. Can Yang Ling play table tennis? C. I live in London.
( ) 4. Do you like skating? D. Yes, she can.
( ) 5. How old is she? E. He likes swimming.
( ) 6. What doe Liu Tao like doing? F. No, he doesn’t.
四、根据中文意思将句子补充完整
1. 王兵喜欢游泳吗?不,他喜欢去钓鱼。
— ______ Wang Bing ______ ______?
— No, he ______. He ______ ______ ______.
2. — 鱼吃苹果吗? — 是的。
— ______ the ______ ______ apples? — Yes.
3. — 你的网友住在哪儿? — 她住在北京。
— Where ______ your ______ live? — She ______ in Beijing.
4. 刘涛放学后学什么科目?他学体育和美术。
— ______ ______ does Liu Tao ______ after school? — He ______ PE and Art.
5. 吉姆放学后干什么?他踢足球。
— ______ ______ Jim ______ after school? — He ______ ______.
一、英汉互译
1. live in China
2. speak English
3. write an email
4. send this email
5. have an e-friend
6. study Chinese after school
7. sit by the river
8. Wait a minute.
9. Don't worry.
10. go fishing tomorrow
11. 发送到加拿大
12. 穿暖和的衣服
13. 写英文地址
14. 十一岁
15. 冬天的天气
16. 在澳大利亚
二、单项选择题
1. B
- 解析:let后接人称代词宾格,me是I的宾格形式。
2. A
- 解析:He是第三人称单数,谓语动词用lives。
3. B
- 解析:“在学校”用at school,是固定搭配。
4. C
- 解析:the fish(复数)用they指代。
5. C
- 解析:send...to...表示“把……发送给……”,符合语境。
6. C
- 解析:Helen是第三人称单数,study的第三人称单数形式是studies。
7. A
- 解析:Su Hai是第三人称单数,助动词用Does,后接动词原形like。
8. A
- 解析:前后句是转折关系,用But。
9. B
- 解析:by the window表示“在窗户旁边”。
10. C
- 解析:春天冰(ice)融化成水(water),符合自然常识。
三、情境搭配
1. F
- 解析:Does he...?的否定回答是No, he doesn't.
2. C
- 解析:Where do you live?询问居住地点,答语I live in London. 匹配。
3. D
- 解析:Can...?的肯定回答是Yes, ...can.
4. A
- 解析:Do you...?的否定回答是No, I don't.
5. B
- 解析:How old is she?询问年龄,答语She's twelve years old. 匹配。
6. E
- 解析:What does...like doing?询问爱好,答语He likes swimming. 匹配。
四、根据中文意思将句子补充完整
1. — Does Wang Bing like swimming? — No, he doesn't. He likes going fishing.
- 解析:Wang Bing是第三人称单数,一般疑问句用Does开头,like后接动名词swimming;否定回答用doesn't;like going fishing表示“喜欢去钓鱼”。
2. — Do the fish eat apples? — Yes.
- 解析:the fish(复数)用助动词Do,后接动词原形eat。
3. — Where does your e-friend live? — She lives in Beijing.
- 解析:your e-friend是第三人称单数,助动词用does,后接live原形;答语中lives是live的第三人称单数形式。
4. — What subjects does Liu Tao study after school? — He studies PE and Art.
- 解析:询问科目用What subjects;Liu Tao是第三人称单数,助动词用does,后接study原形;答语中studies是study的第三人称单数形式。
5. — What does Jim do after school? — He plays football.
- 解析:询问做什么用What does...do?;Jim是第三人称单数,助动词用does;play football的第三人称单数形式是plays football。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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译林五上 知识讲义
Unit 6 My e-friend第一部分 知识梳理
语音
辅音字母w通常发/w/ 如:we、wear、wall、want、window、well、wet、weather、work、worker、watch、water、week、winter、woman、always、warm、swing、wing、with、wait、worry
辅音字母组合 wh 通常也发/w/ 如:where、what、which、when、white
注意:write、wrong、write 的w不发音
【小试牛刀】
一、单词辨音,选出划线部分读音不同的选项,将序号填入题前括号内。
( ) 1. A. weather B. two C. sweater
( ) 2. A. woman B. man C. have
( ) 3. A. yellow B. year C. very
( ) 4. A. pear B. bear C. near
( ) 5. A. how B. follow C. window
( ) 6. A. whose B. when C. where
词汇
类别
序号
单词
音标
释义
四会单词
1
e-friend
/iː-frend/
网友
2
email
/'iːmeɪl/
电子邮件
3
live
/lɪv/
住,居住
4
study
/'stʌdi/
学习
5
China
/'tʃaɪnə/
中国
6
tomorrow
/tə'mɒrəʊ/
明天
7
sit
/sɪt/
坐
8
by…
/baɪ/
在……旁边
三会单词
1
send
/send/
发出(信件、邮件等)
2
to
/tu/
给
3
UK
-
英国
4
PRC
-
中华人民共和国
5
Canada
/'kænədə/
加拿大
6
US
-
美国
7
fishing
/'fɪʃɪŋ/
钓鱼,捕鱼
8
wait
/weɪt/
等,等待
9
minute
/'mɪnɪt/
分
10
Greece
/griːs/
希腊
11
Russia
/'rʌʃə/
俄罗斯
短语
类别
序号
词组
释义
四会词组
1
my e-friend
我的网友
2
go and play football
去踢足球
3
in the playground
在操场上
4
this email
这封邮件
5
your e-friend
你的网友
6
go fishing tomorrow
明天去钓鱼
7
live in China
住在中国
8
have Chinese lessons at school
在校上语文课
9
study Chinese after school
放学后学语文
10
like Maths and PE
喜欢数学和体育
11
what subjects
什么课程
12
like swimming too
也喜欢游泳
13
have an e-friend
有一个网友
14
an email to my e-friend
一封给我网友的电子邮件
15
be good at fishing
善于钓鱼
16
have many fish
有/吃许多鱼
17
don't eat oranges
不吃桔子
18
sit by the river
坐在河边
19
wait a minute
等一会儿
20
don't worry
别担心
21
teach you
教你
22
tomorrow morning
明天早上
三会词组
1
send an email
发送一封邮件
2
eleven years old
十一岁
3
live here/ there
住在这里/那里
4
send… to…
寄……给……
5
in the UK
在英国
6
live in Canada
住在加拿大
7
speak Chinese
说汉语
8
You're right.
你是对的。
9
turn to ice
变成冰
10
the winter weather
冬天的天气
11
wear warm clothes
穿暖和的衣服
12
write Chinese addresses like this
像这样写汉语地址
13
write English addresses like this
像这样写英语地址
14
at a snack bar
在一个小吃店
15
wait and wait
等了又等
16
know about your e-friends
了解你的网友
17
talk about them
谈论他们
18
know about these countries
知道这些国家
19
do well in English
英语学得好
20
know the sound of the letter "w"
知道字母“w”的发音
21
make an e-friend
交一个网友
22
ask and guess
问问猜猜
23
the People's Republic of China
中国
24
the United Kingdom
英国
25
the United States
美国
句型
类别
序号
句型原文
中文释义
四会句型
1
Let's go and play football in the playground.
让我们去操场上踢足球吧
2
Let me send this email first.
让我先发送这个电子邮件
3
— Who's your e-friend? — He's Peter. He lives in the UK.
—谁是你的网友? —他是彼得。他住在英国
4
— How old is he? — He's 11 years old.
—他多大? —他十一岁
5
— Can he speak Chinese? — Yes, he can.
—他会说中文吗? —是的,他会
6
— Does he have Chinese lessons at school? — No, he doesn't.
—他在学校上中文课吗? —不,他不上
7
— What does he do after school? — He studies Chinese after school.
—他放学后做些什么? —他放学后学习中文
8
— What subjects does he like? — He likes Maths and PE.
—他喜欢什么课程? —他喜欢数学和体育
9
— Does he like playing football? — Yes, he does.
—他喜欢踢足球吗? —是的,他喜欢
10
— What does she like doing? — She likes swimming.
—她喜欢做什么? —她喜欢游泳
11
— Where does your friend live? — He lives in China.
—你朋友住在哪里? —他住在中国
12
The email is to my e-friend.
这邮件是给我的网友的
13
Sam has many fish, but Bobby doesn't have any.
萨姆有很多鱼,但是鲍比没有
14
Don't worry. I can teach you.
别担心。我可以教你
15
Let's go fishing tomorrow.
让我们明天去钓鱼吧
三会句型
1
In winter, water turns to ice.
在冬天,水结成冰
2
And sometimes it snows.
并且有时候下雪
3
We always wear warm clothes.
我们总是穿保暖的衣服
4
We write Chinese addresses like this.
我们这样写中文地址
5
We write English addresses like this.
我们这样写英文地址
6
Bobby and Sam sit by the river.
鲍比和萨姆坐在河边
7
Bobby and Sam eat fish at a snack bar.
鲍比和萨姆在小吃店吃鱼
8
You're really good at fishing.
你真的很擅长钓鱼
9
— What do fish eat? — They eat apples.
—鱼吃什么? —它们吃苹果
10
— Do they eat oranges too? — Yes, they do.
—它们也吃橘子吗? —是的
11
I don't have any fish.
我没有一些鱼
12
— Where are you from? — I am from China.
—你来自哪里? —我来自中国
13
— Where do you come from? — I come from China.
—你来自哪里? —我来自中国
14
What do you know about these countries?
关于这些国家,你知道些什么?
15
I can talk about my e-friend.
我能谈论我的网友
16
I know the sound of the letter "w".第二部分 语法精讲
我知道字母“w”的发音
语法1:一般现在时的否定句
一、含有 be 动词(am, is, are),改否定句时在 be 动词后面加 not
1. I am a tall boy. 我是一个高个子男孩。
否定句: I am not a tall boy. 我不是一个高个子男孩。
2. He is a nice farmer. 他是个好的农场主。
否定句:He is not a nice farmer. 他不是一个好的农场主。
3. We are policemen. 我们是警察。
否定句:We are not policemen. 我们不是警察。
二、一般情况下,含有情态动词的句型,改否定句时在情态动词后面加 not
1. I can dance. 我会跳舞。
否定句:I cannot dance. 或 I can’t dance. 我不会跳舞。
2. They should speak English. 他们应该说英语。
否定句:They shouldn’t speak English. 他们不应该说英语。
3. He must go home. 他必须回家。
否定句:He mustn’t go home. 他不可以回家。
三、含有实义动词的句子,变否定句分两步走。借助于 does/ do,后接动词原型
1. 如果主语是第三人称单数,要在实义动词前加 doesn’t,实义动词用原形
(1)He eats an apple. 他吃一个苹果。
否定句:He doesn’t eat an apple. 他没有吃一个苹果。
(2)Jim does his homework. 吉姆做他的家庭作业。
否定句:Jim doesn’t do his homework. 吉姆没有做他的家庭作业。
2. 如果主语不是第三人称单数即主语为第一人称,第二人称和第三人称复数,只需在实义动词前加 don’t
(1)I teach English. 我教英语。
否定句: I don’t teach English. 我不教英语。
(2)They go to school. 他们上学。
否定句: They don’t go to school. 他们不上学。
(3)We sing a song. 我们唱首歌。
否定句:We don’t sing a song. 我们没有唱首歌。
四、含有情态动词的特殊情况
1. You must say something at the meeting. 你必须在会议上说些什么。
否定句:You needn’t say anything at the meeting. 你不必在会议上说些什么。
分析:当“must+行为动词”用来表示“必须”的含义时,其否定式可用 needn’t 或 mustn’t 表示“不需要”,“不必”,语气委婉,must not 表示“禁止”,“千万别”语气生硬。
2. You may come in now. 你现在可以进来。
否定句:You mustn’t come in now. 你现在不必进来。
分析:may 作为情态动词表示“可以”时,其否定式用 must not,而不用 may not。
【小试牛刀】
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. He ______ (not have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy ______ (not be) in Class One.
3. We ______ (not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick ______ (not go) to the zoo on Sundays.
5. They ______ (not like) the World Cup.
6. They ______ (be) at home now.
7. Your parents ______ (not read) newspapers every day.
8. The girl ______ (not teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ______ (not take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ______ (not be) any water in the bottle.
11. Mike ______ (not like) cooking.
12. They ______ (not have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt ______ (not look) after her baby carefully.
14. You ______ (not do) your homework well.
15. I ______ (not be) ill. I’m hungry.
二、将下列句子改为否定句
1. I often play football after school. ____________________
2. They are good at English. ____________________
3. Gao Shan’s sister likes playing chess. ____________________
4. She lives in a small town. ____________________
5. I watch TV every day. ____________________
语法2:一般现在时一般疑问句的类型及回答
一、一般疑问句的类型
一般疑问句是指询问是否事实的句子,必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。以一般现在时为例:
1. be 动词引导的一般疑问句。结构:be + 主语+ …? 如:
— Is she a writer? — No, she’s a teacher. —她是个作家吗? —不,她是个老师。
— Are there any cakes in the box? —Yes, there are. —盒子里有一些蛋糕吗?—是的,有。
2. 助动词do和does引导的一般疑问句。 结构: Do/ Does +主语 …? 如:
— Do you have an e-friend? — Yes, I do. —你有一个网友吗?—是的,我有。
— Do they like swimming? — Yes, they do. —他们喜欢游泳吗?—是的,他们喜欢。
— Does she like singing? — No, she doesn’t. —她喜欢唱歌吗?—不,她不喜欢。
— Does it have two wings? — No, it doesn’t. —它有两只翅膀吗?—不,它没有。
3. 情态动词引导的一般疑问句。结构: Can/ Would + 主语…? 如:
— Can you play basketball well? — No, I can’t. —你篮球能打得好吗?—不,我不能。
— Would you like some cakes? — Yes, please. —你要一些蛋糕吗?—好的,谢谢。
二、肯定句变化为一般疑问句的规则
1. 有be动词(am, is, are)或情态动词(can, should, would 等)
(1)be动词或情态动词前移;(2)第一人称变为第二人称;
(3)some改成any,and 改成or;(4)句末改成问号。
2. 没有be动词或情态动词
(1)句首添加助动词do或does,动词变为原型;
(2)第一、第二人称互换;(3)some改成any,and 改成or;(4)句末改成问号。
三、一般疑问句回答所遵循原则:怎么问,怎么答。
1. I have an e-friend. 我有一个网友。
改为一般疑问句:— Do you have an e-friend? —你有一个网友吗?
肯定回答: — Yes, I do. —是的,我有。 否定回答: — No, I don’t. —不,我没有。
2. He studies English at school. 他在学校学习英语。
改为一般疑问句:— Does he study English at school? —他在学校学习英语吗?
肯定回答:— Yes, he does. —是的,他是。否定回答:— No, he doesn’t. —不,他不是。
【小试牛刀】
1. We like playing basketball.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— ______ ______ ______ playing basketball? — ______, ______ ______.
2. My e-friend lives in Shanghai.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— ______ ______ e-friend ______ in Shanghai? — ______, ______ ______.
3. Wang Bing and Peter sit by the river.(改为一般疑问句)
______ Wang Bing and Peter ______ by the river?
4. My brother likes skating.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— ______ ______ brother ______ ______? — ______, ______ ______.
语法3:一般现在时特殊疑问句的类型及回答
特殊疑问句的结构:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?
特殊疑问句回答时,遵循的原则:问什么,答什么。
特殊疑问句
单词
意思
用法
单词
意思
用法
when
什么时候
问时间
what
什么
问东西
who
谁
问人
what time
什么时间
问时间
whom
谁(who的宾格)
问人
what colour
什么颜色
问颜色
whose
谁的
问主人
what about
怎么样
问意见
where
在哪里
问地点
what day
星期几
问星期几
which
哪一个
问选择
what date
什么日期
问具体日期
why
为什么
问原因
what for
为何目的
问目的
how
怎样
问情况
how much
多少,多少钱
问数量或价钱
how old
几岁
问年龄
how about
……怎么样
问意见
how many
多少
问数量
how far
多远
问距离
【小试牛刀】
一、用 who, where, when 填空。
1. A: ______ is that pretty girl? B: She is my sister.
2. A: ______ are Jack and Tom? B: They are behind you.
3. A: ______ do you go to school? B: I go to school from Monday to Friday.
4. A: ______ has a beautiful flower? B: John has a beautiful flower.
5. A: ______ are they? B: They are my parents.
6. A: ______ is my mother? B: She is in the living room.
7. A: ______ are you going? B: We are going to the bakery(面包坊).
8. A: ______ do Jim and Wendy play ball? B: They play ball in the afternoon.
9. A: ______ does he jog? B: He jogs in the park.
10. A: ______ are you from? B: I’m from Changchun.
二、用 what time, what colour, what day, what 填空。
1. A: ______ ______ is it? B: It is nine o’clock.
2. A: ______ ______ is it today? B: It’s Sunday.
3. A: ______ ______ do you go to bed? B: I go to bed at 10:00.
4. A: ______ do you have? B: I have a tent.
5. A: ______ ______ is it? B: It is purple.
6. A: ______ does he like? B: He likes fish.
7. A: ______ ______ is your coat? B: My coat is black.
8. A: ______ ______ is the dog? B: The dog is white.
9. A: ______ ______ is today? B: It is Monday.
10. A: ______ ______ is it tomorrow? B: It is Tuesday.
语法4:第三人称单数
一、第三人称单数的分类
1. 人称代词 he, she, it 是第三人称单数。如:
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。
2. 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语,是第三人称单数。如:
Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
3. 单数可数名词或“this/ that/ the + 单数可数名词”作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
This book is yours. 这本书是你的。
That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。
The cat is Lucy’s. 这只猫是露茜的。
4. 不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等以及指示代词 this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表坏了。
This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。
5. 不可数名词作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。
The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
6. 当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:
“I” is a letter. “I”是个字母。
二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1. 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同。
(1)大多数动词在词尾加“s”。在清辅音后发音为/s/,在浊辅音及元音后发音为/z/。如:
① stop-stops /s/; make-makes /s/
② read-reads /z/; play-plays /z/
(2)以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为/iz/ 。如:
teach-teaches /iz/; watch-watches /iz/
(3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后再加“es”读/z/。如:
fly-flies /z/; carry-carries /z/; study-studies /z/
(4)以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读/z/。如:
go-goes /z/; do-does /z/
2. 下面几个动词变为第三人称单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化。如:
do /du:/-does /dʌz/
say /sei/-says /sez/
【小试牛刀】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. You ______ (be) good at Chinese. I ______ (be) good at English. She ______ (be) good at Art.
2. She ______ (play) table tennis ______ (good).
3. He ______ (have) a nice bike. He ______ (like) ______ (ride) bikes.
4. — What subjects ______ he ______ (study) at school? — He ______ (study) English and Music.
5. — Where ______ (do) he ______ (live)? — He ______ (live) in ______ (US).
6. — Can you speak ______ (China)? — Yes, I can speak ______ (England), too.
7. Mike often ______ (go) ______ (swim). He ______ (swim) well.
8. Sam ______ (have) some ______ (fish). He’s good at ______ (fish), but he ______ (do not) like ______ (eat) fish.
9. Sometimes it ______ (snow) in winter and water ______ (turn) to ice.
10. — What ______ you usually ______ (do) on Saturday? — I usually ______ (write) emails.
11. My father ______ (speak) English and I ______ (speak) English too.
12. — ______ he like ______ (play) football? — Yes, he ______ (like) ______ (skate), too.
课外小拓展
第三部分 课后练习
一、英汉互译
1. 居住在中国
2. 说英语
3. 写一份邮件
4. 发送这封电子邮件
5. 有一个网友
6. 放学后学习中文
7. 坐在河边
8. 等一会儿。
9. 别担心。
10. 明天去钓鱼
11. send to Canada
12. wear warm clothes
13. write English addresses
14. eleven years old
15. the winter weather
16. in Australia
二、单项选择题
( ) 1. Let ______ send this email first.
A. I
B. me
C. we
( ) 2. Peter is my e-friend. He ______ in the US.
A. lives
B. living
C. live
( ) 3. We study English ______ school.
A. in
B. at
C. on
( ) 4. — Do the fish eat oranges? — No, ______ don’t.
A. we
B. you
C. they
( ) 5. I want to ______ this email ______ my friend.
A. give, to
B. put, in
C. send, to
( ) 6. Helen ______ Chinese after school.
A. study
B. studys
C. studies
( ) 7. — ______ Su Hai ______ playing the piano? — Yes, she does.
A. Does, like
B. Does, likes
C. Do, like
( ) 8. My aunt is a Chinese woman. ______ she lives in Canada now.
A. But
B. And
C. Or
( ) 9. You can sit ______ the window.
A. between
B. by
C. in front
( ) 10. In spring, ______ turns to ______.
A. water, snow
B. water, ice
C. ice, water
三、情境搭配
( ) 1. Does he like playing football? A. No, I don’t.
( ) 2. Where do you live? B. She’s twelve years old
( ) 3. Can Yang Ling play table tennis? C. I live in London.
( ) 4. Do you like skating? D. Yes, she can.
( ) 5. How old is she? E. He likes swimming.
( ) 6. What doe Liu Tao like doing? F. No, he doesn’t.
四、根据中文意思将句子补充完整
1. 王兵喜欢游泳吗?不,他喜欢去钓鱼。
— ______ Wang Bing ______ ______?
— No, he ______. He ______ ______ ______.
2. — 鱼吃苹果吗? — 是的。
— ______ the ______ ______ apples? — Yes.
3. — 你的网友住在哪儿? — 她住在北京。
— Where ______ your ______ live? — She ______ in Beijing.
4. 刘涛放学后学什么科目?他学体育和美术。
— ______ ______ does Liu Tao ______ after school? — He ______ PE and Art.
5. 吉姆放学后干什么?他踢足球。
— ______ ______ Jim ______ after school? — He ______ ______.
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