内容正文:
UNIT 5 Into the unknown.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
civilisation /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 文明(社会)
1. civilise /ˈsɪvəlaɪz/ v. 使文明2. civilised /ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/ adj. 文明的
1. ancient civilisation(古代文明)2. develop a civilisation(发展文明)
词根记忆:“civilise(使文明,动词)+ -ation(名词后缀)”,表“文明的社会形态”
The ancient Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its pyramids and hieroglyphic writing.(古埃及文明以其金字塔和象形文字闻名。)
2
intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/ v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣,引起……的好奇心
1. intrigue /ˈɪntriːɡ/ n. 阴谋;好奇2. intriguing /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/ adj. 有趣的,引人好奇的
1. intrigue sb(激起某人的兴趣)2. an intriguing story(一个引人入胜的故事)
发音联想:“intrigue”音近“因垂格”,联想“事物因神秘‘垂’钓起人的‘格’外兴趣”
The mysterious legend about the hidden treasure intrigued all the local villagers.(关于宝藏的神秘传说激起了所有村民的兴趣。)
3
bury /ˈberi/ v. 将……埋在下面;埋葬
burial /ˈberiəl/ n. 埋葬;葬礼
1. bury sth under sth(把某物埋在某物下,如bury gold under the tree)2. be buried in(埋头于,如be buried in study)
动作联想:联想“双手将物品埋入土壤”的动作,引申“专注于某事”
The old man buried his beloved dog under the big maple tree in his yard.(老人把心爱的狗埋在了院子里的大枫树下。)
4
pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔;角锥体
无
1. Egyptian pyramid(埃及金字塔)2. pyramid structure(金字塔结构)
形象记忆:“pyramid”的拼写可联想“金字塔的三角形(pyra-)轮廓(-mid)”,结合文化常识记忆
Thousands of tourists visit the Great Pyramid of Giza every year to admire its grandeur.(每年有成千上万的游客参观吉萨大金字塔,欣赏其宏伟。)
5
astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n. 天文学
1. astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə/ n. 天文学家2. astronomical /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkl/ adj. 天文的;极大的
1. study astronomy(学习天文学)2. astronomical phenomena(天文现象,如eclipses)
词根记忆:“astron(星星)+ -omy(表“学科”后缀)”,即“研究星星的学科”
Her interest in astronomy began when she watched a documentary about black holes.(她对天文学的兴趣始于观看一部关于黑洞的纪录片。)
6
canal /kəˈnæl/ n. 运河;水道
无
1. man-made canal(人工运河)2. the Grand Canal of China(中国大运河)
文化记忆:关联“中国大运河、巴拿马运河”等世界著名运河,表“人工挖掘的水道”
The Grand Canal of China, with a history of over 2,000 years, once played a key role in transportation.(拥有2000多年历史的中国大运河,曾在交通中发挥关键作用。)
7
tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj. 来自热带的;产于热带的
tropic /ˈtrɒpɪk/ n. 回归线;热带地区
1. tropical climate(热带气候)2. tropical fruits(热带水果,如mangoes, pineapples)
词根记忆:“tropic(热带)+ -al(形容词后缀)”,表“与热带相关的”
Tropical rainforests are home to a large number of rare plants and animals.(热带雨林是大量珍稀动植物的家园。)
8
cyclone /ˈsaɪkləʊn/ n. 气旋;旋风
无
1. tropical cyclone(热带气旋)2. cyclone warning(气旋预警)
场景记忆:联想“热带地区强风暴雨的天气现象”,搭配“预警”等实用表达
The meteorological department issued a cyclone warning, advising residents to stay indoors.(气象部门发布了气旋预警,建议居民待在室内。)
9
megadrought /ˈmeɡədraʊt/ n. 超级干旱(长期且严重的干旱)
无
1. suffer from a megadrought(遭受超级干旱)2. a megadrought lasting decades(持续数十年的超级干旱)
拆分记忆:“mega-(表示“巨大、严重”的前缀)+ drought(干旱)”,表“极端干旱”
The region experienced a megadrought that destroyed most of the farmland.(该地区遭遇了超级干旱,摧毁了大部分农田。)
10
downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ n. 衰败;垮台
无
1. the downfall of an empire(一个帝国的衰败)2. lead to one's downfall(导致某人垮台)
拆分记忆:“down(向下)+ fall(坠落、衰落)”,表“由盛转衰的过程”
Poor management and lack of resources eventually led to the company's downfall.(管理不善和资源短缺最终导致了公司的衰败。)
11
ruin /ˈruːɪn/ n. 残垣断壁,废墟;v. 毁坏
ruined /ˈruːɪnd/ adj. 毁坏的;破败的
1. in ruins(成废墟,如the city lay in ruins)2. ruin one's future(毁掉某人的未来)
场景记忆:联想“战争或灾难后建筑坍塌、杂草丛生的废墟”画面
After the earthquake, many ancient temples were reduced to ruin.(地震后,许多古寺沦为废墟。)
12
fall into ruin(因无人照料而)衰落,败落
无(短语)
sth falls into ruin(某物衰落,如the old mansion fell into ruin)
字面记忆:“fall into(陷入)+ ruin(废墟、衰败状态)”,表“逐渐走向破败”
The once-popular theater fell into ruin after years of neglect.(这座曾经受欢迎的剧院因多年无人照料而逐渐败落。)
13
abandon /əˈbændən/ v. 离弃,逃离;放弃
abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/ n. 离弃;放弃
1. abandon one's home(逃离家园)2. abandon a plan(放弃计划)
发音联想:“abandon”音近“额班登”,联想“人们‘额’头冒汗‘班’忙‘登’车逃离危险区域”
Residents had to abandon their homes when the flood water rose rapidly.(洪水迅速上涨时,居民们不得不逃离家园。)
14
dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ v. 拒绝考虑,否定;解雇
dismissal /dɪsˈmɪsl/ n. 拒绝考虑;解雇
1. dismiss an idea/suggestion(否定一个想法/建议)2. dismiss sb from work(解雇某人)
词根记忆:“dis-(否定前缀)+ miss(发送、认可)”,表“不认可、不接受”
The manager dismissed the proposal because it was not feasible with the current budget.(经理否定了这个提案,因为现有预算无法支撑。)
15
expansion /ɪkˈspænʃn/ n. 扩大;增加
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大;扩张
1. the expansion of business(业务扩张)2. the expansion of population(人口增长)
后缀记忆:“expand(扩大,动词)+ -ion(名词后缀)”,表“扩大的过程或结果”
The company announced the expansion of its operations into Southeast Asia.(该公司宣布将业务扩张到东南亚。)
16
getaway /ˈɡetəweɪ/ n. 逃跑,逃走;短途旅行
无
1. make a getaway(逃跑,见序号17)2. a weekend getaway(周末短途旅行)
拆分记忆:“get(获得)+ away(离开)”,表“成功离开(尤指逃离不利环境)”
The thieves planned a quick getaway after stealing the jewelry from the store.(小偷们计划从商店偷完珠宝后迅速逃跑。)
17
make a getaway 逃跑,逃走
无(短语)
make a getaway from sp(从某地逃跑,如make a getaway from the crime scene)
搭配记忆:“make(进行)+ a getaway(逃跑行为)”,表“实施逃跑”
The robber made a getaway in a stolen car before the police arrived.(警察到达前,劫匪开着偷来的车逃跑了。)
18
run for one's life 逃命
无(短语)
sb runs for one's life(某人拼命逃跑求生,如they ran for their lives)
字面记忆:“run(跑)+ for one's life(为了生命)”,表“为保命而狂奔”
When the fire broke out in the building, people ran for their lives to the exit.(大楼起火时,人们拼命朝出口逃跑。)
19
check out 调查,检查;结账离开
无(短语)
1. check out sth(调查某事,如check out the cause of the accident)2. check out of a hotel(酒店结账离开)
多义记忆:“调查”侧重“核实情况”,“结账离开”侧重“酒店退房”,结合场景区分
The police decided to check out the witness's statement to confirm the facts.(警方决定调查证人的证词,以确认事实。)
20
test the waters 试水,试探
无(短语)
test the waters before doing sth(做某事前试探,如test the waters before starting a business)
比喻记忆:“像下水前先试水温”,引申“做决策前先了解情况、试探风险”
He tested the waters by working as an intern in the industry before starting his own company.(创业前,他先在该行业实习试水。)
21
steer clear of 避开……;从……处脱身
无(短语)
steer clear of sb/sth(避开某人/某物,如steer clear of trouble)
比喻记忆:“steer(驾驶)+ clear of(避开)”,联想“驾驶时避开障碍物”,引申“避开麻烦”
She always steers clear of arguments with her classmates to keep the class harmonious.(她总是避免和同学争吵,以维持班级和谐。)
22
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ v. 后退;离开;退避;n. 后退;隐居处
无
1. retreat from sp(从某地后退,如retreat from the battlefield)2. beat a retreat(仓促撤退,非正式)
动作联想:联想“军队因局势不利向后撤退”的场景,表“主动撤离”
The soldiers had to retreat from the front line due to insufficient supplies.(由于补给不足,士兵们不得不从前线撤退。)
23
subdue /səbˈdjuː/ v. 克制,抑制(情绪);制服
subdued /səbˈdjuːd/ adj. 克制的;被制服的
1. subdue one's anger/excitement(克制愤怒/兴奋)2. subdue an enemy(制服敌人)
词根记忆:“sub-(向下)+ due(引导)”,表“把情绪引导下去,使其平复”
She tried to subdue her excitement when she heard she had been admitted to her dream university.(听到被梦想大学录取的消息,她努力克制自己的兴奋。)
24
the unknown 不为人知的地方,人类尚未到达的地方
unknown /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/ adj. 未知的;n. 未知事物
1. explore the unknown(探索未知之地)2. fear of the unknown(对未知的恐惧)
语法记忆:“the + 形容词”表“一类具有某种特征的事物/人”,此处指“未知的领域或事物”
Many explorers risk their lives to explore the unknown parts of the ocean.(许多探险家冒着生命危险探索海洋的未知区域。)
25
set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途;开始做
无(短语)
1. set out on a journey(踏上旅途,如set out on a desert journey)2. set out to do sth(开始做某事,如set out to solve the problem)
动作记忆:“set(出发)+ out(向外)”,表“向外出发,开启行程或任务”
They set out on a two-week journey across the Sahara Desert last month.(上个月,他们踏上了穿越撒哈拉沙漠的两周之旅。)
26
uncharted /ʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd/ adj. 地图上没有标明的;未知的
chart /tʃɑːt/ n. 地图;图表;v. 绘制地图;规划
1. uncharted territory(未知领域)2. uncharted waters(未知水域,比喻“陌生领域”)
否定前缀记忆:“un-(否定前缀)+ charted(标在地图上的)”,表“未被标注的”
The team of scientists ventured into uncharted forest to study rare plant species.(科学家团队冒险进入未被标注的森林,研究珍稀植物品种。)
27
delve /delv/ v. 探索,探究;深入研究
无
1. delve into sth(深入探究某事,如delve into history/culture)2. delve for information(搜寻信息)
动作联想:联想“用工具深入挖掘土壤”的动作,引申“深入研究、探寻”
The historian delved into ancient archives to uncover the truth about the dynasty.(历史学家深入研究古代档案,揭开该王朝的真相。)
28
throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去
无(短语)
throw oneself into sth(积极投入某事,如throw oneself into work/study)
动作比喻:“把自己‘投入’到某事中”,形象表“全身心专注”
After recovering from illness, she threw herself into her studies with more enthusiasm.(病愈后,她以更高的热情投入到学习中。)
29
think twice 再三考虑,慎重考虑
无(短语)
think twice before doing sth(做某事前慎重考虑,如think twice before making a decision)
字面记忆:“think(思考)+ twice(两次)”,表“思考不止一次,谨慎决策”
You should think twice before dropping out of school—it will affect your future.(退学之前你应该慎重考虑,这会影响你的未来。)
30
shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 退缩,畏缩;收缩(过去式:shrank;过去分词:shrunk)
shrinkage /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/ n. 收缩;减少
1. shrink from sth(避免做某事,见序号31)2. shrink in size(尺寸收缩,如clothes shrink in water)
动作联想:“退缩”如“遇到困难后退”,“收缩”如“衣服遇水变小”,结合生活场景记忆
Woolen sweaters often shrink if washed in hot water.(羊毛毛衣用热水洗往往会缩水。)
31
shrink from 避免做,不愿做
无(短语)
shrink from doing sth(避免做某事,如shrink from facing difficulties)
搭配记忆:“shrink(退缩)+ from(从……)”,表“从困难或不愿做的事面前退缩”
She never shrinks from challenges; instead, she tries her best to overcome them.(她从不畏惧挑战,反而尽力克服。)
32
look into 调查(问题);观察
无(短语)
look into sth(调查某事,如look into a complaint/a problem)
比喻记忆:“look(看)+ into(深入)”,表“深入查看、调查根源”
A special committee was set up to look into the cause of the accident.(成立了一个特别委员会来调查事故原因。)
33
investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n. 调查;研究
investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 调查;研究
1. conduct an investigation(进行调查)2. an investigation into sth(对某事的调查)
后缀记忆:“investigate(调查,动词)+ -ion(名词后缀)”,表“调查的过程或结果”
The police conducted a thorough investigation and finally caught the thief.(警方进行了彻底调查,最终抓住了小偷。)
34
shipwreck /ˈʃɪprek/ n. 失事的船;沉船;v.(使)船失事
无
1. a sunken shipwreck(沉没的失事船)2. be shipwrecked(船失事,如the ship was shipwrecked in a storm)
拆分记忆:“ship(船)+ wreck(失事、残骸)”,表“失事的船或沉船残骸”
Divers discovered a 300-year-old shipwreck at the bottom of the sea.(潜水员在海底发现了一艘有300年历史的沉船。)
35
archaeological /ˌɑːkiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 考古学的;考古的
1. archaeology /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/ n. 考古学2. archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 考古学家
1. archaeological site(考古遗址)2. archaeological research(考古研究)
词根记忆:“archaeology(考古学,名词)+ -ical(形容词后缀)”,表“与考古学相关的”
The archaeological site in Xi'an has provided valuable clues about ancient Chinese civilization.(西安的考古遗址为中国古代文明提供了珍贵线索。)
36
coral /ˈkɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚;adj. 珊瑚色的
coral reef /ˈkɒrəl riːf/ n. 珊瑚礁
1. coral reef(珊瑚礁)2. red coral(红珊瑚)
场景记忆:联想“海底五颜六色的珊瑚丛”和“珊瑚礁生态系统”,结合环保话题
Coral reefs are often called "the rainforests of the sea" because of their rich biodiversity.(珊瑚礁因其丰富的生物多样性,常被称为“海洋热带雨林”。)
37
millimetre /ˈmɪlimiːtə/ n. 毫米(缩写:mm)
1. metre /ˈmiːtə/ n. 米2. millimetre adj. 毫米的(仅作定语,如millimetre paper)
1. in millimetres(以毫米为单位)2. a few millimetres thick(几毫米厚)
单位记忆:“milli-(表示“千分之一”的前缀)+ metre(米)”,即“千分之一米”,对应缩写“mm”
The thickness of this sheet of paper is only 0.08 millimetres.(这张纸的厚度只有0.08毫米。)
38
barreleye /ˈbærəlaɪ/ n. 管眼鱼(深海鱼类)
无
无特定高频固定搭配,结合“深海生物”场景记忆
字面记忆:“barrel(桶,形容眼睛呈桶状)+ eye(眼睛)”,因独特眼部结构得名
The barreleye is a strange deep-sea fish with a transparent head and tube-shaped eyes.(管眼鱼是一种奇特的深海鱼,头部透明,眼睛呈管状。)
39
upwards /ˈʌpwədz/ adv. 向上,朝上;以上
1. upward /ˈʌpwəd/ adj. 向上的;adv. 向上2. downwards /ˈdaʊnwədz/ adv. 向下(反义词)
1. move upwards(向上移动)2. upwards of(超过,如upwards of 50 people)
后缀记忆:“upward(向上的,形容词)+ -s(副词后缀)”,表“向上的方向或数量范围”
The temperature will rise upwards of 28℃ tomorrow, so remember to stay cool.(明天气温将升至28℃以上,记得防暑。)
40
trench /trentʃ/ n. 海沟;战壕
无
1. deep-sea trench(深海海沟)2. trench warfare(堑壕战,一战常见战术)
场景记忆:“深海海沟”是海洋最深处的狭长凹陷,“战壕”是战争中挖掘的防御工事
The Mariana Trench, the deepest deep-sea trench in the world, is over 11,000 metres deep.(世界最深的深海海沟——马里亚纳海沟,深度超过11000米。)
41
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ adj. 等同的;等值的;n. 等同物
equivalence /ɪˈkwɪvələns/ n. 等同;等值
1. be equivalent to(等同于……,如be equivalent to 100 yuan)2. the equivalent of sth(某物的等同物)
词根记忆:“equi-(表示“相等”的前缀)+ valent(价值的)”,表“价值或意义相等的”
One hour of focused study in the morning is equivalent to two hours of distracted study in the evening.(早上专注学习一小时,相当于晚上分心学习两小时。)
42
stack /stæk/ v.(使)整齐地堆起;摞起;n. 堆
stacked /stækt/ adj. 堆起的;堆满的
1. stack sth up(把某物堆起来,如stack up books)2. a stack of(一堆……,如a stack of papers)
动作联想:联想“将书本或盘子整齐摞成一叠”的动作,表“有序堆积”
She stacked the clean dishes up in the cupboard after dinner.(晚饭后,她把干净的盘子整齐地堆在橱柜里。)
43
furthermore /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː/ adv. 此外;而且;不仅如此
无
用于句首或句中,表递进关系(= besides, moreover),连接补充观点
同义记忆:“furthermore”是正式书面用语,比“besides”更强调递进,写作中可提升文采
The new policy can reduce air pollution; furthermore, it can lower energy consumption.(这项新政策能减少空气污染,此外还能降低能耗。)
44
notable /ˈnəʊtəb(ə)l/ adj. 显要的;显著的;值得注意的
1. notably /ˈnəʊtəbli/ adv. 显著地;尤其2. note /nəʊt/ v. 注意;记录
1. notable achievement(显著成就)2. notable difference(明显差异)
词根记忆:“note(注意)+ -able(表示“值得……的”后缀)”,表“值得关注的”
The scientist made a notable contribution to the development of renewable energy.(这位科学家为可再生能源的发展做出了显著贡献。)
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substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ n. 物质;实质;主旨
1. substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的;实质的2. substantively /səbˈstænʃɪvli/ adv. 实质上
1. chemical substance(化学物质)2. the substance of a speech(演讲的主旨)
词根记忆:“sub-(向下)+ stance(站立)”,表“事物的根本、核心(站立的基础)”
Water is a basic substance that is essential for all living organisms.(水是所有生物必需的基础物质。)
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vessel /ˈves(ə)l/ n. 船;舰;血管;容器
无
1. sailing vessel(帆船)2. blood vessel(血管)
多义记忆:“船”侧重“水上交通工具”,“血管”侧重“人体循环通道”,结合生物、历史场景记忆
The ancient sailing vessel was used to transport goods between coastal cities.(这艘古代帆船曾用于沿海城市间的货物运输。)
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drilling /ˈdrɪlɪŋ/ n. 钻探;勘探;钻孔
drill /drɪl/ v. 钻探;训练;n. 钻头;训练
1. oil drilling(石油钻探)2. drilling equipment(钻探设备)
后缀记忆:“drill(钻探,动词)+ -ing(名词后缀)”,表“钻探的行为或过程”
The company invested heavily in offshore oil drilling to meet energy demand.(该公司为满足能源需求,在海上石油钻探上投入巨资。)
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vol (= volume /ˈvɒljuːm/) n.(书的)卷,册
1. volume /ˈvɒljuːm/ n. 卷册;体积;音量2. voluminous /vəˈljuːmɪnəs/ adj. 多卷的;庞大的
1. Vol. 1/Volume 1(第一卷)2. the first vol of a series(系列丛书的第一卷)
缩写记忆:“vol”是“volume”的缩写,常用于书籍、文献的卷册标注
This historical novel, divided into three vols, covers the history of the Tang Dynasty.(这部历史小说分三卷,涵盖了唐朝历史。)
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