内容正文:
新七上U6语法:
时间表达法 & 特殊疑问句
(重难点、易错点+中考真题+强化训练)
一、核心定义:明确两大语法模块的本质
(一)时间表达法(Time Expression)
时间表达法是用于描述 “时刻、日期、时间段” 的规范语言形式。
核心涵盖三大维度:
①时刻(如 8:00、3:15);
②日期(如 2024 年 5 月 20 日、星期一);
③时间段(如 3 小时、2 天)。
核心特征是 “形式固定、搭配精准”,需结合介词(in/on/at)和数词(基数词 / 序数词)使用,确保时间信息清晰无歧义。
例:We have class at 8:00 a.m.(时刻);
My birthday is on May 20th(日期);
He stayed in Beijing for three days(时间段)。
(二)特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions)
特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词(what/when/where/why/how 等)引导,用于询问具体信息的疑问句。
核心特征:
①必须包含特殊疑问词,明确询问方向;
②语序为 “特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序”(主语为疑问词时除外);
③回答需针对疑问词提供具体内容,不可用 yes/no。
例:-When do you get up every morning?(询问时刻)
-At 6:30 a.m
-How do you usually go to school?(询问方式)
-By bike.
二、重点知识:系统拆解规则(附实例)
(一)时间表达法:三大维度的精准规则
1. 时刻表达:“顺读法” 与 “逆读法” 双轨并行
时刻表达核心是 “描述具体几点几分”,分顺读法和逆读法两种:
表达方法
规则
示例(时刻)
注意事项
顺读法
“小时(基数词)+ 分钟(基数词)”,直接按数字顺序读
1 8:00 → eight o'clock/ eight);
2 3:15 → three fifteen;
③ 9:40 → nine forty
分钟数小于 10 时,可加 “0” 占位(如 7:05 → seven zero five),口语中也可直接读 seven five
逆读法
分 “分钟≤30” 和 “分钟>30” 两种情况:① 分钟≤30:“分钟(基数词)+past + 小时(基数词)”(表 “几点过几分”);
② 分钟>30:“(60 - 分钟)(基数词)+to+(小时 + 1)(基数词)”(表 “几点差几分”)
① 3:15 → a quarter past three(15 分钟 = quarter,更简洁);
② 2:30 → half past two(30 分钟 = half,无需加 a);
③ 9:40 → twenty to ten;
④ 11:50 → ten to twelve
① 15 分钟用 “a quarter”,30 分钟用 “half”,避免重复读 fifteen/thirty;
② 分钟 = 0 时,只能用顺读法(如 5:00 → five o'clock,不可说 zero past five)
2. 日期表达:“序数词 + 介词” 的固定搭配
日期表达涵盖 “年、月、日、星期”,核心规则是 “序数词表日、介词定范围”,具体如下:
日期类型
表达规则
示例
介词搭配
年月日
两种规范形式:① 月 + 日(序数词)+ 年(如 May 20th, 2024);② 日(序数词)+of + 月 + 年(如 the 20th of May, 2024)
2024 年 5 月 20 日 → May 20th, 2024 /the 20th of May, 2024
1 年份前不加介词;
2 ② 具体日期前用 on(如 on May 20th)
星期
直接用星期名词(首字母大写),如 Monday, Tuesday
星期一 → Monday;星期日 → Sunday
星期前用 on(如 on Monday),表 “在星期几”
季节
用季节名词(spring/summer/autumn/winter,首字母小写)
夏天 → summer;冬天 → winter
季节前用 in(如 in summer),表 “在某个季节”
3. 时间段表达:“基数词 + 时间单位” 的清晰描述
时间段是 “从开始到结束的时间长度”,表达规则为 “基数词 + 时间单位(单数 / 复数)”,结合介词 for/since 使用,具体如下:
时间单位
单数/复数规则
示例
介词搭配
小时(hour)
1 小时:one hour;≥2 小时:two hours(hour 首字母发元音,前用 an)
1 小时 → an hour;3 小时 → three hours
表 “持续多久” 用 for(如 for three hours);表 “从过去到现在多久” 用 since(如 since two hours ago)
天(day)
1 天:one day;≥2 天:two days
5 天 → five days;10 天 → ten days
同 hour,如 for five days(持续 5 天)
周(week)/ 月(month)/ 年(year)
1 个单位:单数;≥2 个单位:复数
2 周 → two weeks;4 个月 → four months;1 年 → one year
如 for two weeks(持续 2 周),since last year(从去年到现在)
4. 时间介词(in/on/at)的精准搭配
时间介词是时间表达的 “纽带”,需根据时间范围选择,核心规则 “大时间用 in,小时间用 at,具体某天用 on”:
介词
适用时间范围
示例
易错提醒
in
年、月、季节、上午 / 下午 / 晚上(无具体日期)
in 2024;in May;in summer;in the morning
不可用于具体日期(如 in May 20th×,应为 on May 20th)
on
具体日期(日、星期)、带修饰的上午 / 下午 / 晚上
on May 20th;on Monday;on the morning of May 20th
不可用于 “无修饰的上午”(如 on morning×,应为 in the morning)
at
具体时刻、固定时间点(如黎明、正午)
at 8:00 a.m.;at noon;at dawn
不可用于时间段(如 at three hours×,应为 for three hours)
(二)特殊疑问句:疑问词分类与语序规则
1. 特殊疑问词分类:按 “询问内容” 划分
特殊疑问词决定了提问方向,初中阶段核心疑问词及用法如下:
疑问词
询问内容
常见搭配场景
示例(结合时间表达法)
what
事物、职业、时间(表 “日期 / 时刻” 时需加 time/date)
询问 “是什么”“做什么”“具体时间”
① What time is it now?(现在几点?回答:It's 3:15 p.m.);② What date is today?(今天几号?回答:It's May 20th.)
when
时间(时刻、日期、时间段均可)
询问 “什么时候”,无需加 time/date
① When do you go to school?(你什么时候上学?回答:At 7:30 a.m.);② When is your birthday?(你生日什么时候?回答:On May 20th.)
where
地点
询问 “在哪里”
Where do you have lunch?(你在哪里吃午饭?回答:In the school canteen.)
why
原因
询问 “为什么”,回答用 because
Why do you get up early?(你为什么早起?回答:Because I need to read English.)
how
方式、程度、数量(需加 many/much/old/long 等)
询问 “如何做”“多少”“多大”“多久”
① How do you go to school?(你怎么上学?回答:By bike.);② How many hours do you study every day?(你每天学几小时?回答:Three hours.)
who
人(主语 / 宾语)
询问 “谁”
Who teaches you English?(谁教你英语?回答:Miss Wang.)
whose
所属关系
询问 “谁的”
Whose book is this?(这是谁的书?回答:It's Tom's.)
2. 特殊疑问句语序:“疑问词 + 一般疑问句” 的核心逻辑
语序是特殊疑问句的核心难点,分两种情况:
语序类型
适用场景
规则
示例
疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语
主语是 “人 / 事物”(非疑问词)
特殊疑问词后接一般疑问句,需加助动词(do/does/did/will 等)
① When do you get up?(主语是 you,加助动词 do);② How does she go to work?(主语是 she,加助动词 does)
疑问词 + 谓语 + 其他
主语是 “疑问词”(如 who/what/which)
疑问词直接作主语,无需加助动词,语序为 “主语(疑问词)+ 谓语”
① Who teaches you English?(who 作主语,直接接谓语 teaches);② What happened yesterday?(what 作主语,直接接谓语 happened)
三、重点练习(分模块)
(一)时间表达法练习(10 题)
1. 时刻表达(3 题)
1. 用顺读法和逆读法表达下列时刻:
① 9:30 _______________________ ② 4:15_________________________
③ 7:45________________________
2. 翻译句子:他每天下午 4 点 10 分放学。(提示:“4 点 10 分” 用顺读法或逆读法,“放学” 用 finish school)
_____________________________________________________________
3. 改正错误:We will meet at 3:30 p.m. in the park.
_____________________________________________________________
2. 日期与介词搭配(4 题)
4.用规范英文表达下列日期:
① 2024 年 6 月 1 日 _________________________
② 2023 年 10 月 15 日_________________________
③ 星期三 ______________________④ 夏天_________________________
5. 选择:My father was born ______ 1985, and his birthday is ______ June 10th. ( )
A. in; in B. in; on C. on; in D. on; on
6. 翻译句子:我们将在 2024 年 5 月 20 日上午举办英语派对。
_______________________________________________________________
7. 改正错误:She usually goes for a walk on the evening.
________________________________________________________________
3. 时间段表达(3 题)
8. 翻译句子:他在上海待了五天。
_______________________________________________________________
9. 填空:We have studied English ______ three years.
10. 选择:— How long have you lived here? — ______ 2020. ( )
A. For B. Since C. In D. On
(二)特殊疑问句练习(10 题)
1. 疑问词选择(5 题)
1. 对划线部分提问:They usually have dinner at 6:30 p.m.
2. 对划线部分提问:She goes to school by bike every day.
3. 选择:— ______ is your favorite subject? — English. ( )
A. What B. When C. Where D. Why
4. 对划线部分提问:He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.
5. 选择:— ______ book is this? — It's Lucy's. ( )
A. Who B. Whose C. Which D. What
2. 语序判断与改正(5 题)
6. 改正错误:What time you get up every morning?
7. 判断句子是否正确,若错误改正:Who teach you math?
8. 改正错误:How many books you have?
9. 判断句子是否正确,若错误改正:When will they arrive here?
10. 改正错误:Why he didn't come to the party?
四、难点知识:突破复杂场景(附实例)
(一)时间表达法难点:“模糊时间” 与 “特殊时间段” 的表达
1. 模糊时间表达:不精确但常用的时间描述
模糊时间需结合 “介词 + 名词” 或 “副词”,常见形式:
示例:① “不久之后”→ soon /in a short time;
② “很久以前”→ long ago /a long time ago;
③ “最近”→ recently /these days;
④ “偶尔”→ sometimes /from time to time
难点练习:翻译句子 “他不久之后会回来”(提示:用 soon 或 in a short time)
2. “since” 与 “for” 的区分:时间段的 “起点” 与 “长度”
· since:后接 “过去时间点”(如 2020 年、last Monday、three years ago),表 “从该时间点到现在”,主句常用现在完成时;
示例:He has lived here since 2020.(从 2020 年到现在,他一直住在这里)
· for:后接 “时间段”(如 three years、five days),表 “持续的时长”,主句可用于多种时态;
示例:He lived here for three years.(他在这里住了三年,现在可能不住了)
难点练习:填空
Tom ______ (learn) English ______ six years ago. He ______ (learn) English ______ six years.
(二)特殊疑问句难点:“复杂主语” 与 “多疑问词” 的语序
1. 复杂主语的语序:主语含定语时仍需加助动词
示例:What does the girl in red want to eat?(主语是 “the girl in red”,含定语 “in red”,仍需加助动词 does,不可说 What the girl in red wants to eat?)
难点练习:改正错误 “What the boy with glasses usually do after school?”(提示:加助动词 does)
2. 多疑问词的提问:明确核心疑问词,语序不变
示例:When and where will you meet?(同时询问时间和地点,核心疑问词是 when/where,语序仍为 “疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语”)
难点练习:对划线部分提问 “We will meet ______ at the school gate ______ tomorrow morning.”(提示:同时询问地点和时间,用 where and when)
五、易错点分析:高频错误与规避方法
(一)时间表达法易错点
1. 介词混用:in/on/at 的范围混淆
错误示例:① at May(×,月份用 in,应为 in May);
② in Monday(×,星期用 on,应为 on Monday);
③ on 8:00(×,时刻用 at,应为 at 8:00)
规避方法:记口诀 “年年月月季节里,上午下午和晚上,in 来相伴没问 题;具体日期和星期,还有修饰早中晚,on 来帮忙准没错;时刻节日和黎明,at 来搭配最清晰”。
2. 时刻逆读法错误:“past” 与 “to” 的范围混淆
错误示例:
① 9:40 → forty past nine(×,分钟>30,应用 to,应为 twenty to ten);
② 2:15 → fifteen past two(虽正确,但常用 a quarter past two,更简洁)
规避方法:明确 “≤30 用 past,>30用 to”,且牢记 “15 分钟 = a quarter,30 分钟 = half”,避免冗余表达。
3. 日期表达中序数词遗漏:“日” 未用序数词
错误示例:
May 5(×,“5 日” 需用序数词 5th,应为 May 5th);
the 5 of May(×,“5 日” 需用序数词 5th,应为 the 5th of May)
· 规避方法:书写日期时,“日” 的部分必须用序数词(阿拉伯数字加 - st/-nd/-rd/-th,或全拼序数词),可在草稿纸上先标注 “第几天”,再转化为序数词。
(二)特殊疑问句易错点
1. 助动词遗漏:主语非疑问词时未加助动词
错误示例:What you do on weekends?(×,主语是 you,谓语是 do,需加助动词 do,应为 What do you do on weekends?);Why he is late?(×,主语是 he,谓语是 is late,虽含 be 动词,但语序应为 Why is he late?)
规避方法:①判断主语是否为疑问词(who/what/which):若不是,必须加助动词(实义动词用 do/does/did,be 动词 / 情态动词提前);②造句时先写 “疑问词 + 助动词”,再接主语和谓语。
2. 语序颠倒:将 “疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语” 误用于非疑问词主语
错误示例:What time he gets up?(×,主语是 he,非疑问词,需加助动词 does,语序为 What time does he get up?);How many books she has?(×,主语是 she,非疑问词,需加助动词 does,语序为 How many books does she have?)
规避方法:牢记 “非疑问词主语→疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语”,“疑问词主语→疑问词 + 谓语 + 其他”,可通过 “找主语” 来判断语序:主语在前则无需助动词,主语在后则需加助动词。
3. 疑问词误用:混淆 “how many” 与 “how much”
错误示例:How much students are there in your class?(×,students 是可数名词复数,需用 how many,应为 How many students are there in your class?);How many water do you need?(×,water 是不可数名词,需用 how much,应为 How much water do you need?)
规避方法:先判断名词是否可数(能数出具体个数为可数,反之则不可数),再选择疑问词:可数名词复数用 how many,不可数名词用 how much,询问价格无论名词可数与否均用 how much。
六、难点练习(10 题)
(一)时间表达法难点练习(5 题)
1. 翻译句子:他从 2020 年起就住在这个城市了,已经住了四年。
_____________________________________________________________
2. 填空:We ______ (know) each other ______ we were in primary school. That was ______ ten years ago. We ______ (know) each other ______ ten years.
3. 用模糊时间表达翻译:最近他总是很早起床。
_____________________________________________________________
4. 改正错误:I will finish the work after two hours.
_____________________________________________________________
5. 选择:— How long ______ you ______ this book? — For three weeks. ( )
A. have; borrowed B. have; kept C. did; borrow D. do; keep
(二)特殊疑问句难点练习(5 题)
6. 改正错误:What the girl with long hair usually eat for breakfast?
_____________________________________________________________
7. 对划线部分提问:
They will go to the museum by bus next Sunday.
_____________________________________________________________
8. 选择:— ______ did you stay in Beijing last year? — For a month. ( )
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many
9. 改正错误:How much apples do you want to buy? They are very cheap.
_____________________________________________________________
10. 对划线部分提问:The boy in blue is my brother.
_____________________________________________________________
七、3 年内真题训练(10 题,模拟中考难度)
1. (2023・江苏苏州中考)— ______ is it now? I need to catch the train at 3:00 p.m.
— It's 2:30 p.m. Hurry up! ( )
A. What time B. What date C. What day D. What season
2. (2024・浙江杭州中考)We usually have a school trip ______ spring. This year we will go in April. ( )
A. in B. on C. at D. for
3. (2023・广东广州中考)— ______ do you visit your grandparents?
— Once a month. I usually go to see them on weekends. ( )
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How much
4. (2024・山东济南中考)My father has worked in this factory ______ 2015. He has been here for about 9 years. ( )
A. since B. for C. in D. on
5. (2023・湖北武汉中考)— When is your mother's birthday?
— It's on ______ (June 12)(用英文日期表达填空)
6. (2024・四川成都中考)— ______ did you pay for this new bike?
— 800 yuan. It's a good gift for my birthday. ( )
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How old
7. (2023・湖南长沙中考)— Who ______ you English last term?
— Miss Li. She taught very well. ( )
A. teach B. teaches C. taught D. will teach
8. (2024・安徽合肥中考)We will have a picnic ______ the morning of May 1st. Would you like to join us? ( )
A. in B. on C. at D. for
9. (2023・河北石家庄中考)— ______ is the library from your home?
— It's about 10 minutes' walk. ( )
A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
10. (2024・河南郑州中考)— What time is it now?
— It's ______ (9:45)(用逆读法表达填空)
八、强化训练(满分 100 分)
(一)单项选择题(每题 4 分,共 40 分)
1. — ______ is your birthday?
— It's on July 15th. ( )
A. What time B. What date C. When D. What season
2. We usually have breakfast ______ 7:00 a.m. and go to bed ______ 10:00 p.m. ( )
A. in; in B. at; at C. on; on D. in; at
3. — ______ books do you have in your schoolbag?
— About ten. They are all textbooks. ( )
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often
4. My uncle has lived in Shanghai ______ five years. He will stay there for another two years. ( )
A. since B. for C. in D. on
5. — ______ do you go to the cinema?
— Once a month. I like watching English movies. ( )
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How much
6. The meeting will start ______ the afternoon of June 20th. Please be on time. ( )
A. in B. on C. at D. for
7. — ______ is this red sweater?
— It's 120 yuan. You can buy it for your sister. ( )
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How old
8. — Who ______ with you to the park yesterday?
— My best friend, Tom. ( )
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
9. — How long ______ you ______ this pen?
— For three months. It writes very well. ( )
A. have; bought B. have; had C. did; buy D. do; have(
10. — What time is it now?
— It's ______ , so we need to hurry to class. ( )
A. ten to eight B. eight to ten C. ten past eight D. eight past ten
(二)填空题(每空 3 分,共 30 分)
11. Today is ______ (Monday, May 6)(用规范英文日期表达). We will have a math test this afternoon.
12. My grandfather has worked in this school ______ 1980. He has been a teacher for 44 years.
13. — ______ do you usually go to bed?
— At 9:30 p.m. I need to get enough sleep.
14. There are ______ (twelve) months in a year. The ______ (twelve) month is December.
15. — ______ is the river in your hometown?
— It's about 500 meters long.
16. We will finish the project ______ two weeks. Please work hard.
17. — ______ apples do you need to make the pie?
— About five. That's enough.
18. It's ______ (3:15)(用逆读法表达)now. We still have 45 minutes to the train.
19. — ______ did you spend on your homework last night?
— About two hours. It was a little difficult.
20. My parents got married ______ 2000. They have been married for 24 years.
(三)句型转换与翻译(每题 5 分,共 30 分)
21. 翻译句子:他每天早上 6 点 45 分起床,然后去公园跑步。
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22. 对划线部分提问:They usually go to the supermarket once a week.
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23. 改正错误:How much hours do you spend on reading every day? You should read more.
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24. 翻译句子:我从去年九月就开始学习弹钢琴了,已经学了八个月。
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25. 对划线部分提问:We will have a picnic in the park next Sunday.
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26. 改正错误:I have bought this new phone for three months. It works very well.
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九、所有练习答案与解析
一、重点练习答案与解析
(一)时间表达法练习(10 题)
1. 答案:① 顺读法:nine thirty;逆读法:half past nine ② 顺读法:four fifteen;逆读法:a quarter past four ③ 顺读法:seven forty-five;逆读法:a quarter to eight
解析:① 9:30 分钟 = 30,用 half past nine;② 4:15 分钟 = 15,用 a quarter past four;③ 7:45 分钟 = 45>30,60-45=15,7+1=8,用 a quarter to eight。
2. 答案:He finishes school at four ten p.m./ten past four p.m. every day.
解析:“4 点 10 分” 顺读法为 four ten,逆读法为 ten past four;“放学” 用 finish school,主语是 he,谓语用第三人称单数 finishes;“每天” 用 every day,时态为一般现在时。
3. 答案:句子正确。
解析:“3:30 p.m.” 是具体时刻,前用介词 at,“在公园” 用 in the park,介词搭配正确,语序无误。
4. 答案:① 2024 年 6 月 1 日:June 1st, 2024 /the 1st of June, 2024 ② 2023 年 10 月 15 日:October 15th, 2023 /the 15th of October, 2023 ③ 星期三:Wednesday ④ 夏天:summer
解析:日期表达用 “月 + 日(序数词)+ 年” 或 “日(序数词)+of + 月 + 年”;星期首字母大写;季节首字母小写。
5. 答案:B
解析:“1985 年” 是年份,前用 in;“6 月 10 日” 是具体日期,前用 on,故选 B。
6. 答案:We will hold an English party on the morning of May 20th, 2024.
解析:“举办英语派对” 用 hold an English party;“2024 年 5 月 20 日上午” 是带具体日期的上午,前用 on the morning of,日期表达为 May 20th, 2024。
7. 答案:She usually goes for a walk in the evening.
解析:无修饰的 “晚上” 前用 in,故将 on 改为 in。
8. 答案:He stayed in Shanghai for five days.
解析:“待在上海” 用 stay in Shanghai,时态为一般过去时(stayed);“五天” 是时间段,前用 for,表达为 for five days。
9. 答案:for
解析:“持续三年” 是时间段,前用 for,故填 for。
10. 答案:B
解析:回答 “从 2020 年到现在”,后接过去时间点 2020,用 since;for 后接时间段,in 后接年份 / 月份,on 后接具体日期,均不符合语境,故选 B。
(二)特殊疑问句练习(10 题)
1. 答案:When do they usually have dinner? / What time do they usually have dinner?
解析:对 “at 6:30 p.m.”(时刻)提问,用 when 或 what time,主语是 they,谓语是 have,加助动词 do,语序为 “疑问词 + do + 主语 + 谓语”。
2. 答案:How does she go to school every day?
解析:对 “by bike”(方式)提问,用 how,主语是 she,谓语是 goes,加助动词 does,语序为 “how+does + 主语 + 谓语”。
3. 答案:A
解析:对 “English”(事物,学科)提问,用 what;when 询问时间,where 询问地点,why 询问原因,均不符合语境,故选 A。
4. 答案:Why didn't he go to school yesterday?
解析:对 “because he was ill”(原因)提问,用 why,原句时态是一般过去时(didn't go),语序为 “why+didn't + 主语 + 谓语”。
5. 答案:B
解析:对 “Lucy's”(所属关系)提问,用 whose;who 询问人,which 询问选择,what 询问事物,均不符合语境
,故选 B。
6. 答案:What time do you get up every morning?
解析:主语是 you,谓语是 get up,缺助动词 do,需在 what time 后加 do,调整为 “what time+do + 主语 + 谓语” 语序。
7. 答案:句子错误,改正为:Who teaches you math?
解析:主语 who 是第三人称单数,谓语动词 teach 需用第三人称单数形式 teaches,故将 teach 改为 teaches。
8. 答案:How many books do you have?
解析:主语是 you,谓语是 have,缺助动词 do,需在 how many books 后加 do,调整为 “how many books+do + 主语 + 谓语” 语序。
9. 答案:句子正确。
解析:疑问词是 when,主语是 they,谓语是 will arrive,语序为 “when+will + 主语 + 谓语”,符合 “疑问词 + 一般疑问句” 规则,无误。
10. 答案:Why didn't he come to the party?
解析:主语是 he,谓语是 come,原句时态是一般过去时,缺助动词 did,需在 why 后加 did,调整为 “why+didn't + 主语 + 谓语” 语序。
二、难点练习答案与解析(10 题)
(一)时间表达法难点练习(5 题)
1. 答案:He has lived in this city since 2020, and he has lived here for four years.
解析:“从 2020 年起” 用 since 2020,主句用现在完成时 has lived;“四年” 用 for four years,同样搭配现在完成时,保持时态一致。
2. 答案:knew;since;about;have known;for
解析:前两空:“小学时认识” 是过去时间点,用一般过去时 knew,“从小学起” 用 since;后两空:“到现在认识十年” 用现在完成时 have known,“十年” 用 for。
3. 答案:He always gets up early recently. / He always gets up early these days.
解析:“最近” 用 recently 或 these days,时态为一般现在时(表当前习惯),“早起” 用 gets up early。
4. 答案:I will finish the work in two hours.
解析:“两小时后” 表未来时间,用 in two hours;after 用于 “过去时间点之后”(如 He finished the work after two hours yesterday),故将 after 改为 in。
5. 答案:B
解析:borrow 是短暂性动词,不可与 for three weeks(时间段)连用,需用延续性动词 keep;时态为现在完成时,故填 have; kept,选 B。
(二)特殊疑问句难点练习(5 题)
6. 答案:What does the girl with long hair usually eat for breakfast?
解析:主语是 the girl with long hair(第三人称单数),谓语是 eat,缺助动词 does,需在 what 后加 does,调整为 “what+does + 主语 + 谓语” 语序。
7. 答案:How and when will they go to the museum?
解析:同时询问 “方式(by bus)” 和 “时间(next Sunday)”,用 how and when,语序为 “how and when+will + 主语 + 谓语”,保持一般疑问句结构。
8. 答案:C
解析:回答 “For a month” 是时间段长度,询问 “待多久” 用 how long;how often 询问频率,how soon 询问未来间隔,how many 询问数量,均不符合语境,故选 C。
9. 答案:How many apples do you want to buy? They are very cheap.
解析:apples 是可数名词复数,询问数量需用 how many,故将 how much 改为 how many。
10. 答案:Who is your brother?
解析:划线部分 “the boy in blue” 是主语(指人),用 who 提问,who 直接作主语,语序为 “who+be 动词 + 表语”,无需加助动词。
三、3 年内真题训练答案与解析(10 题)
1. 答案:A
解析:回答 “It's 2:30 p.m.” 是时刻,询问时刻用 what time;what date 询问日期,what day 询问星期,what season 询问季节,均不符合语境,故选 A。
2. 答案:A
解析:“spring” 是季节,季节前用介词 in;on 用于具体日期,at 用于时刻,for 用于时间段,均不符合语境,故选 A。
3. 答案:B
解析:回答 “Once a month” 是频率,询问频率用 how often;how long 询问时间段,how soon 询问未来间隔,how much 询问数量或价格,均不符合语境,故选 B。
4. 答案:A
解析:“2015” 是过去时间点,后接过去时间点用 since;for 后接时间段,in 后接年份(表 “在 2015 年”,时态为一般过去时),on 后接具体日期,均不符合 “has worked”(现在完成时)的语境,故选 A。
5. 答案:June 12th /the 12th of June
解析:日期表达需用 “月 + 日(序数词)” 或 “the + 日(序数词)+of + 月”,“12 日” 的序数词是 12th,故填 June 12th 或 the 12th of June。
6. 答案:B
解析:回答 “800 yuan” 是价格,询问价格用 how much;how many 询问可数名词数量,how long 询问时间段,how old 询问年龄,均不符合语境,故选 B。
7. 答案:C
解析:“last term”(上学期)是过去时间,时态为一般过去时,teach 的过去式是 taught;A 是原形,B 是第三人称单数,D 是一般将来时,均不符合时态,故选 C。
8. 答案:B
解析:“the morning of May 1st” 是带具体日期的上午,前用介词 on;in 用于无修饰的上午,at 用于时刻,for 用于时间段,均不符合语境,故选 B。
9. 答案:A
解析:回答 “10 minutes' walk”(10 分钟步行路程)是距离,询问距离用 how far;how long 询问时间段或长度,how often 询问频率,how soon 询问未来间隔,均不符合语境,故选 A。
10. 答案:a quarter to ten
解析:“9:45” 分钟 = 45>30,逆读法为 “(60-45)+to+(9+1)”,即 fifteen to ten,也可简化为 a quarter to ten(15 分钟 = a quarter),故填 a quarter to ten。
四、强化训练答案与解析(满分 100 分)
(一)单项选择题(每题 4 分,共 40 分)
1. 答案:C
解析:询问日期可用 when(涵盖时间范围广,可直接回答具体日期);what time 询问时刻,what date 需搭配 “is today”(如 What date is today?),what season 询问季节,均不符合语境,故选 C。
2. 答案:B
解析:“7:00 a.m.” 和 “10:00 p.m.” 均是具体时刻,时刻前用介词 at;in 用于年 / 月 / 季节,on 用于具体日期,均不符合语境,故选 B。
3. 答案:A
解析:“books” 是可数名词复数,询问数量用 how many;how much 询问不可数名词数量或价格,how long 询问时间段,how often 询问频率,均不符合语境,故选 A。
4. 答案:B
解析:“five years” 是时间段,后接时间段用 for;since 后接过去时间点,in 后接年份 / 月份,on 后接具体日期,均不符合 “has lived”(现在完成时,表持续时长)的语境,故选 B。
5. 答案:C
解析:回答 “Once a month” 是频率,询问频率用 how often;how long 询问时间段,how soon 询问未来间隔,how much 询问数量或价格,均不符合语境,故选 C。
6. 答案:B
解析:“the afternoon of June 20th” 是带具体日期的下午,前用介词 on;in 用于无修饰的下午,at 用于时刻,for 用于时间段,均不符合语境,故选 B。
7. 答案:B
解析:回答 “120 yuan” 是价格,询问价格用 how much;how many 询问可数名词数量,how long 询问时间段,how old 询问年龄,均不符合语境,故选 B。
8. 答案:C
解析:“yesterday”(昨天)是过去时间,时态为一般过去时,go 的过去式是 went;A 是原形,B 是第三人称单数,D 是一般将来时,均不符合时态,故选 C。
9. 答案:B
解析:“for three months” 是时间段,buy 是短暂性动词,不可与时间段连用,需用延续性动词 have;时态为现在完成时,故填 have; had,选 B。
10. 答案:A
解析:“赶去上课” 说明时刻接近上课时间(通常为 8:00),A 选项 “ten to eight”(7:50)符合语境;B 是 9:52,C 是 8:10(已过上课时间),D 是 10:08,均不符合,故选 A。
(二)填空题(每空 3 分,共 30 分)
11. 答案:Monday, May 6th / Monday, the 6th of May
解析:星期与日期结合的规范表达为 “星期 +,+ 月 + 日(序数词)” 或 “星期 +,+the + 日(序数词)+of + 月”,“6 日” 的序数词是 6th,故填 Monday, May 6th 或 Monday, the 6th of May。
12. 答案:since
解析:“1980” 是过去时间点,现在完成时(has worked)后接过去时间点用 since,故填 since。
13. 答案:What time / When
解析:回答 “At 9:30 p.m.” 是时刻,询问时刻用 what time 或 when,故填 What time / When。
14. 答案:twelve;twelfth
解析:第一空表 “12 个月份”,用基数词 twelve;第二空表 “第十二个月份”,用序数词 twelfth,故填 twelve;twelfth。
15. 答案:How long
解析:回答 “about 500 meters long” 是长度,询问长度用 how long,故填 How long。
16. 答案:in
解析:“two weeks” 表 “两周后”(未来时间),未来时间段前用 in,故填 in。
17. 答案:How many
解析:“apples” 是可数名词复数,询问数量用 how many,故填 How many。
18. 答案:a quarter past three
解析:“3:15” 分钟 = 15≤30,逆读法为 “fifteen past three”,可简化为 a quarter past three,故填 a quarter past three。
19. 答案:How long
解析:回答 “about two hours” 是时间段,询问 “花费多久” 用 how long,故填 How long。
20. 答案:in
解析:“2000” 是年份,年份前用介词 in,故填 in。
(三)句型转换与翻译(每题 5 分,共 30 分)
21. 答案:He gets up at a quarter to seven every morning, and then he goes to the park to run.
解析:“6 点 45 分” 逆读法为 a quarter to seven;“起床” 用 gets up(主语 he,第三人称单数);“去公园跑步” 用 goes to the park to run,时态为一般现在时(表日常习惯)。
22. 答案:How often do they usually go to the supermarket?
解析:对 “once a week”(频率)提问用 how often,主语是 they,谓语是 go,加助动词 do,语序为 “how often+do + 主语 + 谓语”,故填 How often do they usually go to the supermarket?
23. 答案:How many hours do you spend on reading every day? You should read more.
解析:“hours” 是可数名词复数,询问数量需用 how many,故将 how much 改为 how many。
24. 答案:I have been learning to play the piano since last September, and I have been learning it for eight months.
解析:“从去年九月” 用 since last September,“学习弹钢琴” 是持续的动作,用现在完成进行时 have been learning to play the piano;“八个月” 用 for eight months,保持时态一致。
25. 答案:Where will you have a picnic next Sunday?
解析:对 “in the park”(地点)提问用 where,主语是 we,改为 you(疑问句礼貌转换),谓语是 will have,语序为 “where+will + 主语 + 谓语”,故填 Where will you have a picnic next Sunday?
26. 答案:I have had this new phone for three months. It works very well.
解析:buy 是短暂性动词,不可与 for three months(时间段)连用,需改为延续性动词 have,现在完成时为 have had,故将 bought 改为 had。
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