内容正文:
2026年中考英语重难点语法【名词】考点提炼&专项练习
第一部分:考点提炼
1. 可数名词与不可数名词
核心考点:区分可数(有复数形式)与不可数(无复数形式,不能直接与a/an连用)名词。
易错点:
抽象名词:advice(建议), information(信息), news(新闻), work(工作), weather(天气)等常为不可数。
物质名词:water(水), rice(米饭), bread(面包), paper(纸), money(钱)等常为不可数。
特殊复数形式:
A.以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾:加 -es (bus → buses, box → boxes)。
B.以 辅音字母 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i 再加 -es (city → cities, story → stories)。
C.以 f/fe 结尾:常变 f/fe 为 v 再加 -es (leaf → leaves, knife → knives)。
D.不规则变化:child → children, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, man → men, woman → women。
E.单复数同形:sheep(绵羊), deer(鹿), Chinese(中国人), series(系列)。
F.常以复数形式出现:trousers(裤子), glasses(眼镜), clothes(衣服)。
2. 名词所有格
核心考点:表示“……的”。
A.’s 所有格:用于有生命的名词。
B.单数名词后加 ’s (Tom’s book)。
C.以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ’ (the teachers’ office)。
D.不以 s 结尾的复数名词加 ’s (children’s toys)。
E. of 所有格:主要用于无生命的名词 (the door of the room)。
D.双重所有格:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), 表示“许多中的一个”。
3. 名词作定语
核心考点:名词直接放在另一名词前起形容词作用,通常用单数形式。
例如:a shoe shop(鞋店), a paper bag(纸袋), computer games(电脑游戏)。
例外:sports meeting(运动会), clothes shop(服装店)等,用作定语的名词本身常用复数。
4. 词义辨析与固定搭配
核心考点:考查近义名词在不同语境下的准确使用。
work / job:work(不可数), job(可数)。
question / problem:question(需要“回答”的问题), problem(需要“解决”的难题)。
family / home / house:family(家人), home(家,情感上的归属), house(房子,建筑物)。
固定搭配:a piece of advice(一条建议), two bottles of water(两瓶水), make a decision(做决定)等。
第二部分:专项练习
A. 基础达标(巩固根基)
一.用所给名词的适当形式填空:
1. I need to buy some ______ (potato) for dinner.
2. There are many ______ (sheep) on the farm.
3. Could you give me some ______ (advice) on how to learn English?
4. This is not my book. It’s my ______ (sister).
5. We visited two ______ (city) last summer.
二.单项选择:
1. — What would you like to drink?
— Two ______, please.
A. cup of tea B. cups of tea C. cups of teas
2. The ______ room is very big and bright.
A. child B. child’s C. children’s
3. There is good ______ for you. You passed the exam.
A. news B. idea C. message
B. 能力提升(直击中考)
一.单项选择:
1. — Is this ______ bike?
— No, it’s Lily’s. ______ is over there.
A. your; My B. yours; Mine C. your; Mine
2. We need to find some ______ about the project on the Internet.
A. information B. picture C. story
3. — How far is it from your home to school?
— It’s about twenty ______ walk.
A. minute’s B. minutes’ C. minutes
4. The government is trying to create more ______ for young people.
A. works B. job C. jobs
5. I’m hungry. I’d like ______.
A. two piece of breads B. two pieces of bread C. two pieces of breads
二.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词:
1. How many ______ (图书馆) are there in your town?
2. The ______ (科学家) are doing an important experiment.
3. We should show our ______ (友善) to the newcomers.
C. 拓展提优(挑战高分)
一.语法填空(阅读短文,用所给名词的适当形式填空):
Last Sunday, my family and I went to the park. We saw many ______ (people) there. Some ______ (child) were flying kites. An old man was reading a newspaper on a bench. Suddenly, we heard a cry. A little girl lost her ______ (dog). Everyone tried to help her. Finally, a young man found the dog behind some ______ (bush). The girl’s ______ (parent) were very thankful. It was a day full of ______ (kind).
二.单句改错(每句有一处错误,找出并改正):
1. I have many homeworks to do tonight.
2. This is a photo of my father and I.
3. He bought two pairs of trouser yesterday.
三.语境辨析:
1. — I have a ______. Which is the way to the station?
— Sorry, I’m new here. It’s not a ______ for me to help you.
A. question; question B. problem; problem C. question; problem D. problem; question
第三部分:答案与解析
A. 基础达标
一.
1.potatoes 2. sheep 3. advice 4. sister’s 5. cities
二.
1.B (tea不可数,用cup来量化) 2. C (以child结尾的复数名词所有格加 ‘s) 3. A (news不可数,且为好消息)
B. 能力提升
一.
1. C (形容词性物主代词your + 名词;名词性物主代词mine单独作主语)
2. A (information不可数,意为“信息”)
3. B (二十分钟的步行,以s结尾的复数名词所有格加 ‘)
4. C (job可数,more后接复数) 5. B (bread不可数,piece of bread的复数体现在piece上)
5. libraries (辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es) 2. scientists 3. kindness (show kindness,展示友善,需用名词)
C. 拓展提优
一.
people, children, dog, bushes, parents, kindness (people本身是复数;child复数为不规则变化;bush以sh结尾加es;parent常用复数;kindness为抽象名词)
二.
1. homeworks → homework (homework不可数
2. I → me (介词of后用人称代词宾格)
3. trouser → trousers (trousers总是以复数形式出现)
4. C (问路是一个需要“回答”的question;对于说话者来说,帮忙是一个需要“解决”的problem)
复习建议:
1. 建立错题本:将练习中的错题,尤其是能力提升和拓展提优部分的题目,整理归纳,定期复习。
2. 语境记忆:不要孤立地背单词,将名词放入句子和短语中记忆,如“a piece of”, “a bottle of”等。
3. 真题演练:找当地近3-5年的中考真题,专项练习名词部分,感受真实考场的难度和出题思路。
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