专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）九年级英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解 说明文+议论文 主题01 人与自我——语言/学习 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京通州区·期中） Learning a new language is a complex (复杂的) task, but there are lots of benefits of language learning. Research shows that it is never too early or too late to start learning a new language—our brains are built for language learning! Language is about communication and connection, and studying a new language brings people and cultures closer to us. At the beginning, learning a language might feel like all vocabulary and grammar, but it doesn’t take long to build up the skills to make meaningful connections in the new language. Knowing another language can develop our understanding of languages in general. Studying a second language helps improve students’ performance in other subjects. It involves learning different kinds of skills, like creativity, higher order of thinking, problem solving and reasoning. If a man can use two languages, he is bilingual. Being bilingual trains our brains to perform a complex task: turning one language “down” while turning the other “up”, in every interaction, for every word! Bilinguals’ brains treat languages like a seesaw (跷跷板), lifting one up higher when it is needed, and pushing lower the one not being used. This push-and-pull in bilinguals’ brains gets them practicing a specific (特定的) kind of attention and control. Languages provide new ways of interacting with people in our communities and around the world. While students may learn a new language in school, technology makes it easier than ever before for older adults to learn, too. Online chatting tools give adults ways to communicate directly with their language practice partners and native speakers. Exploring new cultures, travel, and making new social connections with people around the world can also have a good influence on older adults. People of any age can learn new languages, but it is usually harder for adults to have the time and energy to learn them. For both kids and adults, language learning takes time and patience, and it should also be enjoyable. 1．Why is learning another language helpful for students’ other subjects? A．Because it makes learning vocabulary and grammar easy. B．Because it gets students interested in many subjects. C．Because it shows the performance of students. D．Because it develops students’ several skills. 2．Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ________. A．how bilinguals learn languages B．why being bilingual can benefit us C．how we can be bilingual through practice D．why bilinguals need some complex tasks 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．learning a language is like playing on a seesaw B．kids have more difficulties finding time to learn languages than adults C．technology provides adults with ways to talk with native speakers D．it is impossible to make meaningful connections in a new language 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【来源】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章阐述了学习新语言的多方面益处，包括促进大脑发展、提升学业表现、增强跨文化交流能力，并探讨了不同年龄段人群学习语言的特点及挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Studying a second language helps improve students’ performance in other subjects. It involves learning different kinds of skills, like creativity, higher order of thinking, problem solving and reasoning.”可知，学习第二语言涉及多种技能，例如创造力、高阶思维、解决问题和推理，这些技能的发展能帮助学生在其他学科中表现更好，故选D。 2．主旨大意题。第四段主要描述双语者大脑如何通过“跷跷板”机制切换语言，强调这种机制训练了大脑的注意力和控制能力，从而说明双语带来的认知益处，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“technology makes it easier than ever before for older adults to learn... Online chatting tools give adults ways to communicate directly with their language practice partners and native speakers.”可知，技术，如在线聊天工具，为成人提供了与母语者交流的途径，故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京大兴区·期中） One of the earliest forms of writing which is still being used today is Chinese characters, or hanzi. The image of Chinese characters that many people have is that they are all pictograms (象形字), but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of things to buy at the store, but they are quite useless if one is writing something more abstract (抽象的). So it is a mistake to say that written Chinese is a “picture language”. Besides pictograms, here are some other common types of Chinese characters. ● Ideograms First, there are simple ideograms. These are characters which provide an abstract picture of an idea, but in an easy form. For example, “up” is “上” while “down” is “下”. ● Compound Characters Next we have a common kind of hanzi: compound characters. These are where two or more characters are joined in one character for a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. In many cases, however, the meanings of compound characters are more difficult to work out. ● Phonetic Loan Characters Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they are often used to mean other words that have the same pronunciation. A good example of this is “目”. While it can be used in modern Chinese with the meaning “eye”, it is most often used to mean “a thing on a list”. The reason is that Chinese has a word for “a thing on a list” but lacks (缺少) a character for it, so the word takes the character “目”, a character with the same pronunciation. ● Phonetic-semantic Characters A final kind of Chinese characters is by far the most common. These are phonetic-semantic characters. With phonetic-semantic characters, one part of each character gives a clue (线索) to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning. Over the centuries, it was thought that the difficulty of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Therefore, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out (推出) simplified Chinese characters. 4．According to the passage, pictograms ________. A．are quite easy to write B．have limited use C．are very difficult D．are quite useful 5．Which of the following kinds does the character “梨” belong to? A．Pictograms. B．Phonetic loan characters. C．Ideograms. D．Phonetic-semantic characters. 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．It’s believed that Chinese characters are all pictograms. B．The meanings of many ideograms are difficult to work out. C．Phonetic loan characters usually have more than one meaning. D．Phonetic-semantic characters are the same as compound characters. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．C 【来源】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汉字的几种常见类型，并阐述了它们各自的特点，同时提及了汉字的简化背景。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use.”可知，象形字用途有限，故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“With phonetic-semantic characters, one part of each character gives a clue (线索) to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning.”可知，“梨”字由“木”和“利”组成，符合声旁兼义字的特点，即一部分提示发音，一部分提示意义，所以“梨”属于声旁兼义字，故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they are often used to mean other words that have the same pronunciation.”可知，假借字通常有不止一个意思，比如“目”既可以表示“眼睛”，又常用来表示“清单上的一项”，故选C。 主题02 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京房山区·期中） When a new mobile phone starts to be sold in stores, many people become excited and can’t wait to buy one. They rush out to the stores and pick one. We can understand that people all want the newest, latest thing. But what should we do with our old mobile phones? Have you ever thought about it? Will you just put it in your drawer and never pay attention to it? Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a mobile phone recycling company. “Don’t throw your old phone away. Send it to us and we’ll recycle it,” he says. “If you throw it away, it goes with other rubbish to become terrible landfill. In other words, it is put in a big hole in the ground—and it becomes a big problem.” There are some toxic (有毒的) materials, like lead, mercury and cadmium in the mobile phones. If your phone goes to a landfill, these toxic materials can get out and get into the water under the ground. That’s the water we want to drink or the water that goes into rivers or the ocean. As millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year, it is not a small thing at all. “At Total Recall, we take the old phones apart. Most of the materials in a mobile phone can be recycled and used again,” explains Mike. “We sell the parts and they are used to make new products. For example, there are nickel (镍) and cadmium in phone batteries. The nickel is used to make steel, and the cadmium can be used to make new batteries. The plastic parts of the phones are made into plastic fence posts.” Mike says recycling your old phone is easy. “You can usually take it into a mobile phone shop and they’ll send it to us.” So, before you throw your old mobile phone away, use it one last time: search for a mobile phone recycling company near you and give them a call. 7．People who work in Total Recall ________. A．sell new mobile phones B．recycle old mobile phones C．repair old mobile phones D．produce new mobile phones 8．The underlined word “landfill” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．a low area where rubbish is put and hidden underground B．a large area that is much higher than the land around it C．something used for making the environment clean D．something added to soil to make plants grow fast 9．Which is probably the best title for the passage? A．Don’t use old mobile phones. B．Old mobile phones are harmful. C．New lives of old mobile phones. D．History of old mobile phones. 【答案】7．B 8．A 9．C 【来源】 【导语】本文主要讲述了旧手机对环境的危害以及如何通过回收旧手机来减少这种危害的过程。 7．细节理解题。根据“Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a mobile phone recycling company.”可知，Total Recall是一家回收旧手机的公司，因此在Total Recall工作的人是回收旧手机的。故选B。 8．词义猜测题。根据“In other words, it is put in a big hole in the ground—and it becomes a big problem”可知，换句话说，它被放在地上的一个大洞里——这就变成了一个大问题，所以landfill 指的是垃圾填埋场，即垃圾被放置和掩埋在地下的低洼区域。故选A。 9．最佳标题提。根据文章内容，尤其是“Most of the materials in a mobile phone can be recycled and used again”可知，文章主要讲述了旧手机的回收利用及其新用途，因此“New lives of old mobile phones”是最合适的标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京二十中学·期中） Hundreds of dead migrating (迁徙) songbirds covered the ground like a carpet on Thursday in Chicago. Nearly 1,000 songbirds died throughout the night after crashing (撞击) into the glass of the McCormick Place Lakeside Center due to a deadly combination of rain, and the low building’s lighting and window-lined walls, according to bird experts. Window hits are a problem in almost every major city in the United States. Birds cannot see transparent (透明的) or reflecting glass and are unaware that it is a dangerous block. They rush for plants or bushes they see through windows or reflected in them, killing themselves in the process. Night-migrating birds depend on the stars for direction. Building lights both attract and confuse them, resulting in window hits or birds flying around the lights until they die of exhaustion, a phenomenon known as deadly light attraction. According to Stan Temple, a retired bird expert from University of Wisconsin-Madison, conditions were ideal for a big wave of songbird southern migration over Chicago on Wednesday evening. “You had all these birds that were just eager to set out, but they’ve been held up with this unusual September and October with temperatures way above normal,” Temple said. To avoid irregular air movements and predators (捕食者), little songbirds eat to get energy during the day and travel at night. They’ve been waiting for north winds to push them south, but September’s unusually warm south winds left the birds in a holding position here, according to Temple. The north winds on Wednesday evening, offering a good chance, and millions of birds took to the air. “Pre-dawn rain forced the birds to fly low, and they found McCormick Place’ s lights on,” said David WiHard, a manager at the Chicago Field Museum. According to Ann a Pidgeon, a bird biologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, window hits and deadly light attraction are simply avoidable. Building managers can simply decrease their lights, and building designers can create windows with bird-friendly marks in the glass. People can also add screens, paint their windows. or put stickers on the glass 10．Which of the following probably caused the songbirds’ death in Chicago? A．Window hits. B．Hunger. C．Disease. D．Bird hunts. 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．Birds flew low because many lights were on. B．The warm south winds helped songbrids migrate in September in Chicago. C．Night-migrating birds are attracted and confused by building lights. D．Building managers can increase their lights to avoid light attraction. 12．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To predict the future of songbirds. B．To stress the importance of protecting birds. C．To call on people to avoid causing harm to birds. D．To explain why there are window hits and light attraction. 【答案】10．A 11．C 12．C 【来源】 【导语】本文主要介绍了周四，在芝加哥，数百只死去的迁徙鸣禽像地毯一样覆盖了大地，文章分析了鸣禽死亡的原因以及人类活动对野生动物的影响。 10．细节理解题。根据“Nearly 1,000 songbirds died throughout the night after crashing (撞击) into the glass of the McCormick Place Lakeside Center due to a deadly combination of rain, and the low building’s lighting and window-lined walls”以及“Window hits are a problem in almost every major city in the United States...They rush for plants or bushes they see through windows or reflected in them, killing themselves in the process”可知撞到窗户导致了芝加哥鸣禽的死亡。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据“Night-migrating birds depend on the stars for direction. Building lights both attract and confuse them”可知夜间迁徙的鸟类依靠星星来指引方向，建筑物的灯光既吸引又迷惑了它们。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了周四，在芝加哥，数百只死去的迁徙鸣禽像地毯一样覆盖了大地，文章分析了鸣禽死亡的原因以及人类活动对野生动物的影响，所以文章呼吁人们避免对鸟类造成伤害。故选C。 主题03 人与自我——健康 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京二中·期中） Mountain biking is a popular sport of riding bicycles off-road, usually over rough road, using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain biking can be broken down into several categories: trail riding, cross country, downhill, all mountain, dirt jumping, and free ride. Mountain biking can be conducted (进行) nearly everywhere, but many mountain bikes usually ride-off road trails, whether country fire roads, back roads, or single track (narrow trails which wind through deserts, mountains, forests or fields). There are some features of mountain biking which are more similar to trail running than standard cycling. Since riders are usually far from cities, there’s a powerful ethic of self-reliance (自力更生) in this sport. Riders should learn to repair any flat tires or broken bikes to avoid being left several miles from assistance. Nevertheless, the majority of mountain biking commonly falls into the categories of cross country and trail riding styles. This particular sport requires strength and balance, endurance, self-reliance, and bike handling skills. Mountain biking is thrilling (令人激动的) sport for all adventure lovers out there, riding challenging routes and even enjoying new natural trails along the way. The kind of protection worn by any rider differs greatly and is influenced by the weather, speed, experience, fitness, trail conditions, desired style and many other factors, including personal choice. Protection becomes extremely necessary, where these important factors may be considered to reduce the possibility of any crash. Injuries are an important factor in mountain biking, especially in more serious disciplines like downhill biking. Injuries vary from small wound, like cuts from falls, to top injuries like head or spinal (脊椎的) injuries. Protective equipment can easily protect riders against small injuries and lower the degree or seriousness. However, it may not protect a mountain biker from main accidents, and therefore the potential (可能性) for an injury; by selecting trails that fall within the particular range of their experience level, making sure that they are fit to ride on the trail they have selected and making sure their bike in excellent mechanical condition. 13．Riders need the ethic of self-reliance because ________. A．they are usually in uncivilized areas B．accidents like bikes broken happen a lot C．they usually do it over rough trails D．no assistance is available during their journey 14．Riders’ choice of protection is affected by the following factors, except ________ . A．weather B．speed C．experience D．diet 15．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce mountain biking. B．To encourage the readers to join in mountain biking C．To warn the readers about the danger of mountain biking. D．To tell the readers how to protect themselves while having mountain biking. 【答案】13．A 14．D 15．A 【来源】 【导语】本文介绍了山地自行车运动的不同类型、特点、所需技能和保护措施，以及潜在的伤害风险。 13．细节理解题。根据“Since riders are usually far from cities, there’s a powerful ethic of self-reliance (自力更生) in this sport.”可知，由于骑手通常远离城市（即未开化的地区），因此这项运动中有一种强烈的自力更生的道德观念。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“The kind of protection worn by any rider differs greatly and is influenced by the weather, speed, experience, fitness, trail conditions, desired style and many other factors”可知，骑手所穿的护具种类都有很大的不同，受天气、速度、经验、体能、步道条件、所需风格和许多其他因素的影响，没有提到饮食。故选D。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者详细描述了山地自行车的不同类型、特点和所需技能，还提到了保护措施和潜在的伤害风险。这些内容都是为了让读者对山地自行车有一个全面的了解。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京交大附中·期中） “You’ll get square eyes!” my mother used to say as I sat for hour after hour glued to the TV. I didn’t pay any attention. Past-forward many years and now I’m the parent. My 5-year-old lives in a world where screens aren’t fixed pieces of furniture. You can’t even avoid them by going outside. Screens are not only in our pockets; they’ re everywhere. The concerns have grown with the screens. In the past ten years, we have heard that they will damage our mental health. Many of us feel more distracted (分心的) by them, feeling guiltier and more tired as a result. The apps and websites we can use on our phones have also caused widespread concern. Big tech companies are also good at making use of our need for social acceptance, catching us on likes and follower counts. Social media has created a culture of mass narcissism (自恋), which has led many to worry about the emotional stresses on teenagers. A quick online search brings up lots of papers linking screen use or social media with harmful effects on mental health, including anxiety and depression. Such statements are alarming. They are also widely believed, thanks to popular books like iGen by Jean Twenge, which claims that digital technology has destroyed a generation. Yet, Amy Orben at the University of Oxford, who studies the influence of digital technology and social media in particular on mental health, holds different views. She claims that the studying data can be used to tell different stories. She also pointed out the weakness in several large studies that showed correlations (相关性) between the use of devices with screens and depression in users. Twenge stands by her own finding, pointing in turn to what she considers downsides in Orben’s research methods. For David Max, at Royal College of Child Health in London, the effect of screen time and social media use on mental health remains speculative. “We cannot regard social media completely as good or bad,” says Davie. “We don’t know whether in many cases social media is not responsible,” he says. The growth of mobile phone use has changed our lives. I can download movies, write articles, communicate with my family and broadcast to the world all at the push of a button. Rather than place limits, we should take a look at our use of screens and ask how they fit with the activities and lifestyle. Every new technology with widespread influence has given rise to new fears. So, the best way may simply be to ask yourself what level of screen use makes you and those around you happy and try to stick to it. If you find you are unable to stop, don’t be anxious — and certainly don’t feel guilty. Nobody knows anything worth getting scared about. 16．According to the passage, people give likes and count followers to ________. A．share one’s lifestyles B．show respect for others C．search for social acceptance D．reduce emotional stresses 17．The underlined word “speculative” probably means “________”. A．questionable B．negative C．important D．deep 18．What can be learned from the passage? A．Teenagers are more influenced by screen use both physically and mentally. B．Big tech companies help to produce many research papers on mental health. C．Twenge mainly introduces the overall benefits of digital technology in her books. D．Orben believes it is too early to think screen use responsible for hurting a generation. 19．The passage is written to ________. A．encourage readers to reduce the time of screen use B．share different opinions on the effects of screen use C．lessen people’s concerns and worries about the use of screens D．explain why screen use may have some negative effects on people 【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．C 【来源】 【导语】本文探讨了屏幕使用对心理健康的影响，特别是社交媒体的影响，并缓解人们对屏幕使用的担忧。 16． 细节理解题。根据“Big tech companies are also good at making use of our need for social acceptance, catching us on likes and follower counts.”可知，人们给点赞和计算粉丝数是为了寻求社会认同。故选C。 17．词义猜测题。根据“We cannot regard social media completely as good or bad,”和“Rather than place limits, we should take a look at our use of screens and ask how they fit with the activities and lifestyle.”可知，目前对于屏幕时间和社交媒体使用对心理健康的影响仍是有疑问的，所以speculative在此处指的是“值得怀疑的”。故选A。 18．推理判断题。根据“which claims that digital technology has destroyed a generation...Amy Orben...holds different views. She claims that the studying data can be used to tell different stories.”可知，Orben认为目前的数据不足以证明屏幕使用对一代人造成了伤害。故选D。 19．主旨大意题。根据“Every new technology with widespread influence has given rise to new fears. So, the best way may simply be to ask yourself what level of screen use makes you and those around you happy and try to stick to it. If you find you are unable to stop, don’t be anxious — and certainly don’t feel guilty. Nobody knows anything worth getting scared about.”可知，每一项具有广泛影响力的新技术都引发了新的担忧。所以，最好的方法可能就是问问自己，什么程度的屏幕使用会让你和周围的人感到快乐，并努力坚持下去。如果你发现自己无法停止，不要焦虑，当然也不要感到内疚。没有人知道有什么值得害怕的。所以这篇文章的目的是缓解人们对屏幕使用的担忧，故选C。 主题01 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京北师大附中·期中） How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends, family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely shut off what they were saying? How much of our attention are we truly giving to the people who are supposed to be important to us? According to a research by Wright State University, while most people believe they are good listeners who don’t need to improve their listening skills, the average person (一般人) only listens at about 25 percent efficiency (效率). So why aren’t we better listeners? As a society, we may be growing more narcissistic (自恋的). A 2022 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students. If we, as a culture, are becoming more self-centered, how can we, as individuals (个体), work to become more caring communicators? We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations. As Stephen R. Covey wrote in his book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change, “Most people do not listen with the intention (意图) to understand but to reply.” A dialogue is a chance to learn, to see things from a new perspective (视角), to open your eyes to new information and possibilities. Yet, too often we communicate as if it’s a debate (辩论). We speak to hear our own voices. In doing so, we can space out when spoken to. We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value. Wilson Mizner said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while, he knows something.” Listening doesn’t just enrich our knowledge on an intellectual (智力的) level; it also enables us to have a more personal, in-depth understanding of our closest friends. Relationships are truly enriched by an equal (平等的) back-and-forth exchange in communication. When these dynamics (动态) become more one-sided, we may lose interest and create distance (疏远) in our friendships, with less trust built and less honesty exchanged. Maybe we aren’t as good listeners as we believe. Do we focus too much on ourselves—both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach, rather than living in the moment and really focusing on what’s being said? Thankfully, we can all improve our listening skills. As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds, we can start to open ourselves up to others, becoming better listeners, thinkers, lovers and friends. 20．Why does the writer ask the questions in Paragraph 1? A．To show most people are confident about their listening skills. B．To point out the fact that people have low efficiency in listening. C．To provide information about how people behave in conversation. D．To express his worries about people’s shortage of attention when talking. 21．What does the underlined phrase “space out” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Stay focused. B．Feel confused. C．Be absent-minded. D．Remain nervous. 22．Which of the following statements would the writer agree with? A．We should speak to hear our own voices and opinions. B．People should listen to learn and see things from a new way. C．Most people listen with the intention to understand, not to reply. D．A good listener is popular but does not necessarily know everything. 23．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less B．How We Can Improve Listening Skills Efficiently C．The Influence of Narcissism on Social Communication D．The Lower Efficiency of Listening in Modern Society 【答案】20．B 21．C 22．B 23．B 【来源】 【导语】本文讲述了人们在与别人交谈时时常分心，介绍了为什么我们不是更好的倾听者以及如何努力成为更有爱心的沟通者。 20．推理判断题。第一段中“How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends, family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely shut off what they were saying?”问道“有多少次你发现自己在与朋友、家人或爱人交谈时，发现自己完全听不进他们在说什么”，可知第一段的问题是为了引出人们倾听效率低的事实。故选B。 21．词义猜测题。根据“We speak to hear our own voices. In doing so, we can space out when spoken to. We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value.”可知我们说话是为了听到自己的声音，我们等待，甚至耐心或礼貌地等待对方说完，这样我们就可以说一些我们觉得有价值的话，所以在和别人说话时，我们往往会心不在焉，故画线部分意为“心不在焉”，和选项C意义相近。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“A dialogue is a chance to learn, to see things from a new perspective (视角), to open your eyes to new information and possibilities.”以及“Listening doesn’t just enrich our knowledge on an intellectual (智力的) level; it also enables us to have a more personal, in-depth understanding of our closest friends.”可知，作者认为人们应该以新的方式倾听、学习和看待事物。故选B。 23．最佳标题题。本文讲述了人们在与别人交谈时时常分心，介绍了为什么我们不是更好的倾听者以及如何努力成为更有爱心的沟通者，以选项B“如何有效提高倾听技能”为标题最合适。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京101中学·期中） txt msgs r ruining language lol, jk! ! :) These are typical “textspeak”. In casual discussions of language and the Internet, it’s common to hear concerns that “textspeak” is ruining language. Some argue that technology has made us lazy in our speaking and writing. However, has “textspeak” truly destroyed our language? Indeed, language change is very common in history. Whether in ancient Rome or modern times, people often feel worried about how language changes, but they also slowly adapt to it. In AD 63, a Roman scholar was unhappy with new elements in Latin, calling it an “artificial language.” He didn’t realize that this language would later develop into early French. Similarly, even though people have many concerns about language change, the natural development of language is unavoidable. U. S. president Theodore Roosevelt supported changes to American English spelling in the 1870s, many of which we still use today. These include changing “-re” endings to “-er” and “-our” to “-or”. Fast forward to today, where rapid communication is enabled by a variety of tools and technologies. Among these, emoticons like “: -) ” serve as visual representations of smiling and happiness. The very first emoticon, created by computer scientist Scott Fahlman in 1982, was used to suggest a joke in text communication. These symbols offer information about the tone (语气) of a statement, making digital communication more expressive. Emoticons For example, punctuation and repeated letters can express strong emotions. A text message like “JACKIAM SO SO SO SORRYI I thought you were behind us in the taxi and then I saw you weren’t! ! ! I feel sooooooooo bad! ” shows sincere apology (道歉) through its style. In digital communication, we often use a single symbol to send a fast but complete message. Linguist Susan Herring points out that sometimes a single question mark (?) is used to suggest that the user is confused or doesn’t know what to say. Similarly, a single exclamation point (!) as a message can express surprise and excitement. You can repeat these symbols to show a higher degree of surprise. Here is an example: A: So I have some good news. B: ? A: I got a raise today. B: ! A: And it came with a promotion (升职). B: ! ! ! Furthermore, studies have shown that people often switch between formal and informal language depending on the context. Texting might be informal, but people can still switch to more formal language when necessary, such as in academic or professional settings. This flexibility proves that users are not losing their ability to use language properly, they’re simply adapting it to different contexts. Far from destroying language, these changes actually show how we can express complex feelings quickly and directly, fitting our fast-paced world. Language has always evolved, and the Internet is just the latest step in this journey. What’s important is how well these changes meet our needs. 24．According to the passage, what do emoticons do? A．They help express tone in online chats. B．They disconnect from language changes. C．They completely ruin language and skills. D．They simplify English spelling over time. 25．Why does the writer use the example of the apologetic text message? A．To show the effectiveness of digital communication. B．To recommend using “textspeak” in communication. C．To stress the importance of punctuation in written texts. D．To exhibit the expression of emotions through “textspeak”. 26．Which of the following might the writer agree? A．Technology has led to development in our spelling and writing skills. B．Users have to switch from formal to informal language when texting. C．“Textspeak” allows people to express complex emotions in simple ways. D．Concerns about language change have been expressed for many centuries. 27．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the historical changes in language through various periods over the centuries. B．To explore the positive aspects of “textspeak” and the effect it has on communication. C．To argue that technology is making people increasingly lazy at speaking and writing. D．To criticize the current evolution of language in the digital age and its influence. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 【来源】 【导语】本文主要讲述了“文本语言”的兴起，并从语言的发展变化历程论证了这一语言不会摧毁我们的语言。 24．细节理解题。根据“These symbols offer information about the tone (语气) of a statement, making digital communication more expressive.”可知，表情符号有助于在在线聊天中表达语气。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据“For example, punctuation and repeated letters can express strong emotions. A text message like ‘JACKIAM SO SO SO SORRYI I thought you were behind us in the taxi and then I saw you weren’t! ! ! I feel sooooooooo bad!’ shows sincere apology (道歉) through its style.”可知，使用道歉这一例子是为了展示通过“文本语言”能够表达情感。故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据“Far from destroying language, these changes actually show how we can express complex feelings quickly and directly, fitting our fast-paced world.”可知，“文本语言”展示了我们如何能够快速、直接地表达复杂的感情，适应我们快节奏的世界。因此作者认为“文本语言”允许人们以简单的方式表达复杂的情感。故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据“However, has “textspeak” truly destroyed our language?”和“Far from destroying language, these changes actually show how we can express complex feelings quickly and directly, fitting our fast-paced world.”及全文可知，本文作者从语言的发展变化历程论证了“文本语言”不会摧毁我们的语言，还有助于我们表达复杂的情感，因此作者的目的是为了探索“文本语言”的积极方面及其对交流的影响。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·北京通州区·期中） You might think that you don’t have time to sit down and create something every day. This is when it is important to know the difference between using creativity and actually creating something. In a lot of ways, creativity is all about how you see things. You can use creativity to write poems, but you can also use it in practical ways like coming up with a solution for a project or organizing things in your home. The next time you think you are not creative, take a step back and take a look at what you do in your daily lives. You might be surprised at how often you are using creativity. As children, we are highly creative and imaginative. We often act on our impulses (冲动): speaking our thoughts out loud as they come into our heads, and letting our imaginations inform many of our actions. But as we grow older, we are taught to control these impulses. This is generally a good thing—a world without impulse control would be a place without order. After we say “no” to our impulses, it can be difficult to start following them again in a creative sense. One way to make your inhibition (抑制) less is through free writing. When you have a free writing, you write continuously for a period of time without worrying about the topic or being “correct”. It is also important to remind yourself that there is no perfection. If you try to find the “right way” to do something, you limit your creative potential (潜质). When you get a creative impulse, don’t push it away or say “no”. Try saying “yes, and…” instead. This encourages you not only to accept an idea but also to develop it. The “yes, and…” mindset allows you to take impulses, and give them consideration and room to grow. Creativity plays an important role in our daily lives. Following your creative impulses can potentially help improve things like your performance and your ability. It is easy to get used to worrying that your ideas are not good enough or that people won’t like them. But if you are able to trust and follow your impulses, it can help you to overcome those barriers (障碍). 28．According to the passage, we are using creativity when we ________. A．copy down a famous poem B．follow others’ advice without thinking C．receive our friends’ letters D．set up a reading area at home 29．What does the word “inform” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Pay a close attention to. B．Have an influence on. C．Make preparation for. D．Show some interest in. 30．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．We should keep reminding ourselves of the right way to do things. B．Free writing can be used to help us focus on the writing topic. C．We need to learn more about how to control our impulses. D．The “yes, and…” mindset is needed to develop a new idea. 31．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare using creativity and actually creating something. B．To encourage us to spend more time creating special things. C．To give advice on discovering our unused creativity. D．To prove the importance of becoming creative. 【答案】28．D 29．B 30．D 31．C 【来源】 【导语】本文主要探讨了创造力在日常生活中的运用以及如何激发和释放创造力的方法。 28．推理判断题。根据“You can use creativity to write poems, but you can also use it in practical ways like coming up with a solution for a project or organizing things in your home.”可推知，创造力可以是为一个项目想出一个解决方案，或者在家里整理东西。选项D “在家中设置一个阅读区” 属于在家中整理物品、规划空间的范畴，是对创造力的实际运用。故选D。 29．词句猜测题。根据“We often act on our impulses (冲动): speaking our thoughts out loud as they come into our heads, and letting our imaginations inform many of our actions.”可知，此处描述了我们小时候常常凭冲动行事，当想法进入脑海时就大声说出来，并且让我们的想象力影响我们的许多行为。inform意为 “对……有影响”。故选B。 30．细节理解题。根据“The ‘yes, and…’ mindset allows you to take impulses, and give them consideration and room to grow.”可知，当我们有了创造性冲动时，应该尝试用“yes, and…”的思维方式，这种思维方式不仅能让我们接受一个想法，还能进一步发展它，给予冲动以思考和成长的空间，所以作者很可能会认同 “发展一个新想法需 “yes, and…” 的思维方式”。故选D。 31．主旨大意题。根据通读全文可知，全文围绕如何发现我们未被充分利用的创造力展开，给读者提供了一些关于发现自身创造力的建议，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是就发现我们未被使用的创造力给出一些建议。故选C。 Passage 4 （24-25九年级上·北京清华附中·期中） If you want to protect yourself from colds and flu, regular exercise may be the best way to improve your immune system (免疫系统). Studies have shown that if you do some light workout like walking, biking, or running for about 30 to 45 minutes each day, you can greatly reduce your chances of getting sick. But once you get sick, the story changes. “Exercise is great for prevention, but it can be bad for treatment,” says David Nieman, a professor and director of Appalachian State University. A study from Ball State University has found that doing light exercise doesn’t change how long a cold lasts or how serious it is. “If your cold isn’t very heavy, like having a running nose or a sore throat, you can exercise as usual and working out won’t make things better or worse,” Nieman says. “If you have the energy, it’s probably okay to keep exercising,” he also says. But if you have the flu or other forms of fever-causing illnesses, exercise is a bad idea. “ ① ,” says Mariane Fahlman, a professor of health education at Wayne State University. He has examined how training affects the immune function of cross-country runners. She says that when a person is suffering from flu or some other fever-causing illnesses, exercise is a form of physical stress that makes the immune system’s task more difficult. There may be far more serious results. “In the 1940s, during the polio (脊髓灰质炎) outbreak, some researchers noticed that athletes who played tough football games were getting the more serious form of polio,” Nieman says. “ ② . We don’t know exactly what’s going on, but my belief is that the virus (病毒) spreads throughout the body without showing many signs, which keeps the immune system busy and makes the person feel very tired.” He says the research on this phenomenon is far from a final conclusion. After your fever goes away, wait a whole week before you start exercising again, he suggests. Start with long walks, and progress to light workouts. By the end of the second week after your fever, if you’re feeling well, you can return to your usual training. “If you have any muscle pain or weakness, it’s best to wait until those feelings go away before doing intense exercise,” he adds. “ ③ , but this is wrong.” Like a broken arm or sprained ankle, your flu-weakened body needs time and rest to fully recover before it can stand up to the exercise. 32．Why does the author talk about the study of exercise in the 1st paragraph? A．To show regular exercise may be the best way to improve our immune system. B．To lead to the further understanding of the influence of doing exercise. C．To explain why physical activity can play a role in preventing illness. D．To make us realize what kind of exercise can affect our health. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．Light exercise can help us recover from a cold more easily. B．We can exercise to reduce muscle aches after we have a fever. C．Doing exercise might make you tired and cause serious results. D．You can exercise more to stop virus from spreading throughout the body. 34．Please match the following ideas of different people with the blanks ①-③. The right order is ________. a. “You may feel like you can push through it to feel better” b. “This is a painful case history to read” c. “I know that not exercising at all is a bitter pill for many to swallow” d. “Never exercise with flu or fever” A．d-b-a B．d-c-b C．c-b-d D．c-b-a 【答案】32．B 33．C 34．A 【来源】 【导语】本文主要介绍了如果你想保护自己免受感冒和流感的侵害，定期锻炼可能是改善免疫系统的最佳方法，并且阐述了锻炼对感冒和流感的影响。 32．推理判断题。根据“If you want to protect yourself from colds and flu, regular exercise may be the best way to improve your immune system (免疫系统).”及全文可知，如果你想保护自己免受感冒和流感的侵害，定期锻炼可能是改善免疫系统的最佳方法，通过研究结果来引出锻炼对感冒和流感的影响。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“She says that when a person is suffering from flu or some other fever-causing illnesses, exercise is a form of physical stress that makes the immune system’s task more difficult.”可知，当一个人患有流感或其他一些引起发烧的疾病时，运动是一种身体压力，会使免疫系统的任务变得更加困难，因此这个时候锻炼可能会让你感到疲惫并导致严重后果。故选C。 34．推理判断题。①处根据“But if you have the flu or other forms of fever-causing illnesses, exercise is a bad idea.”可知，如果你患有流感或其他形式的发烧性疾病，那么锻炼就不是一个好主意，选项d“切勿在流感或发烧时运动”符合语境；②处根据“In the 1940s, during the polio (脊髓灰质炎) outbreak, some researchers noticed that athletes who played tough football games were getting the more serious form of polio,”可知，此处在讨论20世纪40年代，脊髓灰质炎爆发期间的一段历史，选项b“这是一段读起来令人痛苦的案例”符合语境；③处根据“‘If you have any muscle pain or weakness, it’s best to wait until those feelings go away before doing intense exercise,’ he adds.…but this is wrong.”可知，如果你有任何肌肉疼痛或无力，最好等到这些感觉消失后再进行剧烈运动，选项a“你可能会觉得你可以通过克服它来感觉更好”符合语境，故正确顺序为d-b-a。选A。 Passage 5 （24-25九年级上·北京清华附中·期中） We all love to criticize (批评). Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. Criticism tells what you think is bad about someone or something. It can trouble us in our everyday life. Criticism is hard to accept because of how our brains process it. In 2013, a group of neuroscientists found that criticism affected the parts of our brains that deal with understanding other people more than the parts that help us think logically. This means that when we get criticized, we often focus on the critic’s (批评者) feelings and thoughts instead of the actual feedback (反馈). For example, if someone says your work isn’t good enough, your first thought is, “They don’t like me” instead of “How can I improve?” If you find it hard to deal with criticism, then you are not alone. When Isaac Newton published a paper on light in 1672, most scientists showed support, except Robert Hooke. Newton was so angry that he ruined every picture of Hooke he could find. Clearly, reacting badly to criticism is more of a shame than the criticism itself. Since the culture of criticism is not going away, the only way out is to develop new ways to receive and give feedback. 1. Do not make it personal. When we get criticism, we often make it personal. First, we naturally focus on the person who gives criticism instead of criticism itself. Second, we may consider criticism an attack on our inner abilities, rather than our performance, which leads to lower self-worth. The solution is to build confidence by saying, “The criticism isn’t a personal attack on me; it’s about the matter itself.” 2. Treat criticism like insider information. Once you stop taking criticism personally, you can see it for what it really is: a chance to know how others view your work and an opportunity to use it in a positive way to make progress. You can ask friends whom you trust to criticize your performance. If you ask them to do so, it won’t hurt much. 3. Make criticism a gift, never a weapon (武器). We all need to give criticism sometimes. The key to criticizing to the best effect is to remember the “gift or weapon” rule: if you criticize to help others improve, you are doing it right; if you’re trying to hurt, you’re doing it wrong. 4. Praise in public, criticize in private. Studies show that positive feedback given to students in public is 9% more encouraging than when given privately, while negative feedback in private is 11% more effective than in public. Criticism is a natural part of life. Mastering the art of giving and receiving criticism is significant for personal development. Offer feedback with the purpose of improving, and receive it with the grace to learn and grow. 35．What do you know about criticism from the passage? A．Criticism from our trusted friends is likely to lower our self-worth. B．We should focus on the feelings of the person who gives criticism. C．Criticism can be used positively to guide us towards improvement. D．Seeing criticism as a judgement on our abilities brings us confidence. 36．Why does the author mention Isaac Newton in the 3rd paragraph? A．To show it’s common to have trouble accepting criticism. B．To stress the importance of taking criticism in a positive way. C．To give an example of how criticism affected a famous person. D．To present historical background for the discussion of criticism. 37．Which of the following is the most suitable when giving or receiving criticism? A．I got a C in painting. It must be that I don’t have a talent for it. B．Tom’s father criticized him for his mistake in front of his friends. C．My brother ruined my book, so I criticized him to make him feel bad. D．My teacher criticized my handwriting, but I’ll make it better next time. 38．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To explain the scientific reasons behind criticism. B．To show the effects of criticism on our mental health. C．To suggest people how to understand criticism reasonably. D．To advise people to act properly when it comes to criticism. 【答案】35．C 36．A 37．D 38．D 【来源】 【导语】本文主要介绍了批评对常人来说都很难接受，但是我们可以通过开发新的方式来接收批评并且提供反馈。 35．细节理解题。根据“Once you stop taking criticism personally, you can see it for what it really is: a chance to know how others view your work and an opportunity to use it in a positive way to make progress.”可知，一旦你不再把批评当成是针对你个人的，你就能看到它的真相：一个了解别人如何看待你的工作的机会，一个以积极的方式利用它来取得进步的机会，因此批评可以被积极地用来指导我们改进。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据“When Isaac Newton published a paper on light in 1672, most scientists showed support, except Robert Hooke. Newton was so angry that he ruined every picture of Hooke he could find.”可知，通过提到牛顿对批评的反应，意在说明就算是牛顿，也是难以接受批评的，因此接受批评有困难是常见的。故选A。 37．推理判断题。根据“a chance to know how others view your work and an opportunity to use it in a positive way to make progress.”可知，应当以积极的方式利用批评，用它来取得进步，因此接受批评时应以积极态度对待，D选项符合这一点。故选D。 38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了批评对常人来说都很难接受，同时建议人们在面对批评时应采取适当的态度和行为。故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25九年级上·北京交大附中·期中） It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist Who is a scientist and what is his job? A chemist doing experiments? A geologist out studying rocks? When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures （治疗方法）for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work. Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery. Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done? How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible? Researchers publish their work in scientific journals（期刊）.These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process. Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal written for—and reviewed by young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an experts young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understands make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done and check whether the figures （数据）clearly explain the point of the article. Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings. 39．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What is required to be a good scientist. B．Who should understand a scientist’s job. C．Why sharing the results of scientific work is important. D．How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct. 40．From the passage we can know that________. A．scientists are good at working together with others B．young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals C．in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers D．young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable 41．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce how scientists do their jobs. B．To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions. C．To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals. D．To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists. 【答案】39．C 40．D 41．D 【来源】 【分析】本文讲了交流的重要性，并鼓励年轻人像科学家一样交流和思考。 39．主旨大意题。根据第一段末尾However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work. 然而，这些都忽略了科学过程中一个极其重要的部分：交流——分享这项工作的结果。由此引出下一段的话题，由第二段Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease…Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery. “想象一下，如果有人发现了一种重要的疾病,其他科学家需要充分了解这项工作，以利用这些新的信息，在未来做出更多的发现。公众也需要了解这些发现是如何影响他们生活的。但如果这些工作不能交流共享，那上述的这些就成为不可能。作为一名科学家远远超出了发现的时刻。”可知本段用反例来证明交流的重要性，故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review.”可知“peer review”是其他科学家给文章作者提意见，而非读者。D选项的出处为第五段中“However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves.”中文意为：“然而，尽管科学家能保证他们写的文章能被同行们读懂，但在让年轻人看懂科学类文章这件事儿上，没有什么专家能比得上年轻人自己了。（也即：年轻人更懂年轻人。）”，从而得出“年轻审稿人会让该杂志的文章更具可读性”这一结论，即选项D。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist“像科学家一样思考和交流永远不会太早”。和最后一段Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings. 最根本的是，这些年轻人要学会像科学家一样思考。从现在开始永远不会太早！ 提出问题，学习新事物，不要忘记交流发现的重要性。可知作者写作的目的是鼓励年轻人像科学家一样思考和交流。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京房山区·期中） Sometimes, when we’re not quite awake but not fully asleep either, our brains might be really good at coming up with new ideas. A new study finds that people who have a light sleep are better at solving problems later. Researchers read stories about some scientists solving difficult problems after a light and short sleep. It is said that the famous inventor Thomas Edison used to look for the twilight (朦胧模糊的) moments between wakefulness and sleep. He used to sit in a chair and hold two balls. As he started to fall asleep, the balls fell down and made a noise that woke him up. This way, he could write down his ideas before he fell into a deep sleep and forgot them. To see if Edison’s idea could work for other people, researchers asked 103 healthy people to come to their lab. They had to try to solve a difficult math problem 60 times. After that, they got a 20-minute break in a quiet, dark room. They sat in chairs and held a light bottle in one hand, just like the balls in Edison’s hands. The researchers told them to close their eyes and rest or even sleep if they wanted to. After the break, they went back to the math problem. While they were resting, the researchers checked their brain waves. They found that more than half of the people didn’t fall asleep. But 24 people did fall asleep and had a light sleep called N1. Another 14 people went into a deeper sleep called N2. The researchers saw a great difference between the groups. The people who had light sleep, the N1 stage, were 2.7 times more likely to solve it than people who stayed awake. And they were 5.8 times more likely to solve it than those who went into the deeper N2 sleep. However, more work is needed to find out the relation between N1 and creativity. The results are interesting because they suggest that maybe we can learn how to get into this light sleep stage on purpose. It seems that Edison knew something about how being a bit sleepy can help us be more creative. But don’t think that you should copy his habits completely. He also thought that sleeping was a waste of time. 42．Why does the writer mention Thomas Edison in Paragraph 2? A．To tell the importance of sleep. B．To explain why Edison slept well. C．To introduce Edison’s sleeping habit. D．To show how researchers get their idea. 43．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A．why the study was designed B．how the study was carried out C．what result the study showed D．what the future study may focus on 44．What can we learn from the passage? A．Holding a ball while sleeping helps people come up with new ideas. B．People can learn some skills after reaching the twilight stage of sleep. C．Light sleep may make people creative and be a better problem solver. D．Staying awake for a long time will make people forget things easily. 45．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to sleep less in the daytime. B．To discuss the importance of deep sleep. C．To compare different kinds of sleep. D．To prove the value of light sleep. 【答案】42．C 43．B 44．C 45．D 【来源】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究人员通过复现爱迪生的方法发现，在打盹后马上醒来能促进人的创造力。 42．细节理解题。根据“It is said that the famous inventor Thomas Edison used to look for the twilight (朦胧模糊的) moments between wakefulness and sleep. He used to sit in a chair and hold two balls. As he started to fall asleep, the balls fell down and made a noise that woke him up. This way, he could write down his ideas before he fell into a deep sleep and forgot them.”可知，本段主要介绍了爱迪生的睡眠习惯，所以提到爱迪生是为了介绍他的睡眠习惯。故选C。 43．段落大意题。根据“They had to try to solve a difficult math problem 60 times. After that, they got a 20-minute break in a quiet, dark room. They sat in chairs and held a light bottle in one hand, just like the balls in Edison’s hands. The researchers told them to close their eyes and rest or even sleep if they wanted to. After the break, they went back to the math problem”可知，本段主要介绍了实验是如何进行的，故选B。 44．推理判断题。根据“The people who had light sleep, the N1 stage, were 2.7 times more likely to solve it than people who stayed awake. And they were 5.8 times more likely to solve it than those who went into the deeper N2 sleep.”可知，轻度睡眠可能会让人更有创造力，也能更好地解决问题。故选C。 45．主旨大意题。根据“Sometimes, when we’re not quite awake but not fully asleep either, our brains might be really good at coming up with new ideas. A new study finds that people who have a light sleep are better at solving problems later.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员通过复现爱迪生的方法发现，在打盹后马上醒来能促进人的创造力。所以作者的写作目的是证明轻度睡眠的价值。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京二十中学·期中） Best friends Tommy, 17, and Daniel, 15, decided to sign up for their school’s robotics team in their freshman year, and began their journey towards changing lives for the better. At first, they created parts for their robots with 3D printers, but they wanted their influence to be greater. “We were trying to figure out how we could make a difference to society as a first-year robotics team. We later decided to use 3D printers to make prostheses (假肢), like hands.” Tommy said. The team worked with IMAHelps, a nonprofit organization, and received help from the Science Robotics Initiative. Shortly after, they began working with their first person in need of a prosthesis. “We started off with making an artificial (人造的) arm for Samantha, a 12-year-old little girl in Ecuador who lost her arm in a bus accident,” Tommy explains. “We got her measurements and then made the prosthesis. IMAHelps brought it to Samantha and it fit her perfectly and worked well.” “Samantha had a dream to write, and we wanted to help with that,” adds Daniel. It didn’t take long for other kids to see Samantha’s prosthesis. A young man named Ernest Priester, 13, asked to have an artificial foot. Later, the team offered to make him one for free. “He started tearing up. I brought so much joy to his eyes.” Tommy says. This July, the team traveled to Ecuador to deliver four more prostheses to those in need. “We were so happy to help,” Tommy shares. The team also plans on continuing to give away their 3D creations. “You can do whatever you want to do when it comes to helping people and changing the world,” Tommy says. “There are no age limits.” “By offering a little bit,” adds Daniel. “We can change a lot.” 46．To make the robotics team’s influence greater Tommy and Daniel decided to ________. A．create robot parts B．start a robotics course C．make prostheses D．invent a 3D printer 47．What did the robotics team do for Samantha? A．They set up IMAHelps for her. B．They made her an artificial arm. C．They offered her medical treatment. D．They gave her instructions on writing. 48．How does Tommy feel about what they are doing? A．Curious. B．Relaxed. C．Upset D．Pleased. 49．Which of the following words can best describe Tommy and Daniel? A．Caring. B．Calm. C．Honest.     D．Brave. 【答案】46．C 47．B 48．D 49．A 【来源】 【导语】本文讲述了两位高中生Tommy和Daniel通过加入学校的机器人团队，利用3D打印技术制作假肢，帮助有需要的人，从而对社会产生积极影响的故事。 46．细节理解题。根据“We were trying to figure out how we could make a difference to society as a first-year robotics team. We later decided to use 3D printers to make prostheses (假肢), like hands.”可知，Tommy和Daniel决定通过制作假肢来扩大他们的影响力。故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据“We started off with making an artificial (人造的) arm for Samantha, a 12-year-old little girl in Ecuador who lost her arm in a bus accident”可知，机器人团队为Samantha制作了一个假肢手臂。故选B。 48． 推理判断题。根据“We were so happy to help”以及Tommy的分享可知，Tommy对他们所做的事情感到高兴和满意。故选D。 49．推理判断题。根据Tommy和Daniel通过制作假肢帮助有需要的人，并计划继续免费提供他们的3D作品可知，他们是关心他人的。故选A。 Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·北京101中学·期中） In an age where technology continues to reshape our world, artificial intelligence (AI) is now entering an area that people used to think was impossible for a machine—understanding our emotions. A science group, led by Professor Feng Liu from East China Normal University, is exploring how AI is changing the field of emotional recognition. This technology aims to decode (解码) human emotions with high correctness, using a mix of facial expressions, voice patterns, body language, and even physiological (生理的) signals. “This technology has the possibility to influence fields such as healthcare, education, and customer service, facilitating personalized experiences and improving the understanding of human emotions. ” adds Liu. Imagine a world where your smartphone can notice when you are feeling stressed and quickly suggest relaxation techniques without orders or where a virtual (虚拟的) doctor can provide personalized mental health support based on little changes in your emotional state. These scenes may soon become reality, thanks to rapid developments in multi-modal (多模态) emotion recognition systems. One of the most exciting developments is the mix of deep learning techniques with psychological theories. This mix allows AI systems to not only recognize emotions but also understand the interaction between emotions and characters. For example, the OPO-FCM model they are exploring can analyze videos to map facial expressions onto a 3-D emotion space, providing excellent understanding of both emotional states and personality characteristics. The future practical uses of this technology are huge and various. In healthcare, AI-powered emotion recognition could improve mental health treatment, offering more objective and personalized methods. In education, these systems could help teachers notice when students are struggling or absent-minded. Even customer service could be improved with AI assistants which are able to sense and react to customer emotions in real-time. However, as with any rising technology, there are challenges and concerns that need to be addressed. One such challenge is ensuring that these AI systems are culturally adaptive, as emotional expressions and explanations can vary significantly across different cultures. The safety of personal information should also be taken notice of as the collection and analysis of emotional data may cause serious problems. In summary, as this technology develops, we’re nearing a new age in human-computer interaction, where devices understand not only what we say but also how we feel. This breakthrough promises to reshape our lives, bringing us closer to a more personalized and empathetic (善解人意的) future. 50．The expression “facilitating personalized experiences” probably means “________”. A．Reducing the influence of personalized experiences B．Making personalized experiences possible or easier C．Preventing personalized experiences from happening D．Exploring new solutions for personalized experiences 51．What do you know about the AI-based emotional recognition technology from the passage? A．Customers can use it to express their emotions. B．The applications of the technology are limited. C．We should pay attention to privacy when it is used. D．It can help students notice their performance in class. 52．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Development of AI: Advancing from Math to Creative Thinking B．The Cultural Adaptation of AI: Challenges in Emotional Recognition C．Technological Advancements in Healthcare: AI’s Influence on Mental Health D．The Future of Emation Recognition: AI’s Role in Understanding Human Feelings 【答案】50．B 51．C 52．D 【来源】 【导语】本文讲述了人工智能在情感识别领域的最新发展。 50．词义猜测题。根据“facilitating personalized experiences and improving the understanding of human emotions” 可知，AI 技术旨在促进个性化体验和提高对人类情感的理解。因此，“facilitating personalized experiences”意味着“使个性化体验变得可能或更容易”。故选B。 51．细节理解题。根据“The safety of personal information should also be taken notice of as the collection and analysis of emotional data may cause serious problems.” 可知，使用AI情感识别技术时需要注意隐私问题。故选C。 52．最佳标题题。文章主要讨论了AI在情感识别领域的进展及其对未来的影响，尤其是如何理解人类情感。因此，最合适的标题是“情感识别的未来：人工智能在理解人类情感中的作用”。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25九年级上·北京陈经纶中学·期中） When watching sports events, we often notice athletes wearing earphones on while preparing in the locker room or entering the stadium. They keep their eyes shut, and gently nod along the beats. It seems the music is giving them power and cheering them up for the competition. We sometimes do the same. You might have a list of favorite songs for your morning exercises. But is there any science behind such practices? According to a recent research, it turns out there is. Music actually does make us feel powerful, but not all songs have the same effect. The research was led by Dennis Hsu of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwester University in the US. His team had people listen to 31 songs of different types. The listeners felt powerful after listening to some songs, such as Queen’s We Will Rock You and 2 Unlimited’s Get Ready for This. Researchers also found that high-power music made people want to take control in social events and come first in competition. That matters a lot in sports. “It’s commonly said that sports are 90 percent mental and only 10 percent physical,” The Huffington Post reported. Great athletes know this idea well. NBA player Kobe Bryant, for example, often puts on big headphones and even falls into deep thought to boost(提升) his game and reduce his anxiety. As for the reason for music’s magical power, Hsu’s team came up with one possible explanation: when people hear music that expresses a sense of power, they mimic(模拟) these feelings in their mind. When choosing music, we also need to look at the type of music, according to researchers. In previous research by the Music in Exercise and Sports Group at Brunei University in London, they found that pop was perfect for slower, more repetitive-type tasks. If you’re warming up or cooling down after exercises, pop songs are the correct choice. 53．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce favorite songs for morning exercises. B．To lead in the topic that music matters in sports. C．To give an example of athletes’ daily life. D．To explain how to choose music. 54．According to the passage, Dennis Hsu probably agrees that ________. A．listening to music always makes athletes relaxed B．powerful music can make people produce similar feelings in their mind C．the result of a game is mainly affected by the physical condition of the players D．most athletes still don’t know the effects of high-power music on their performance 55．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pop music is a reasonable choice for high-intensity workouts. B．Rock music helps people keep their rhythms when exercising. C．People are advised to listen to pop music before and after exercise. D．People should dance to music while doing strength and weight training. 【答案】53．B 54．B 55．C 【来源】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐在人们情绪中的调节作用。 53．段落大意题。第一段通过描述运动员们在准备比赛的时候通常都带着耳机，听着音乐，并跟随着音乐节奏轻轻点头。作者通过这一现象的描述，其目的是为了带出音乐在运动中很重要这一话题。故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据“His team had people listen to 31 songs of different types. The listeners felt powerful after listening to some songs, such as Queen’s We Will Rock You and 2 Unlimited’s Get Ready for This.”可知，听有感染力的音乐很可能会在人们的大脑中产生类似的感觉。故选B。 55．推理判断题。根据“If you’re warming up or cooling down after exercises, pop songs are the correct choice.”可知，当你在锻炼前进行热身或者锻炼之后想放松一下自己的话，流行音乐是不错的选择。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25九年级上·北京育才学校·期中） Do you know we are living in the world of mass media? Mass media are tools of communication and allow us to record and pass information rapidly to a large, scattered（分散的）audience. However, have you imagined what life would be without the media? Are you a media user who would go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games and your mobile — or would you easily survive? Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban（禁止）by unplugging (拔插头) all forms of media devices (设备) for 24 hours. Unplugged is being run by Dr. Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University. The experiment is now over but he doesn’t yet know the full findings. However, during the experiment, Dr. Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers. He said: “They’re reporting withdrawal（孤僻）signs, overeating, feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected. ” During their 24-hour unpleasant experience, three volunteers had to put up with one interruption from the media: a BBC reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day. They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops. Elliot Day wrote: “Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.” From Caroline Scott, we read: “I didn’t expect it, but being taken away from the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual… I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like Dr. Roman Gerodimos expected us all to, but it’s not something I would like to do again!” And Charlotte Gay wrote: “I have to say the most difficult item for me to be has been without my mobile; not only is it a social thing, it’s my main point of communication.” Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media, often plugged into several things at once. And a recent study by Nielson found that on average, US teenagers send and receive over 3,000 texts per month—that’s about six texts per waking hour. So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future? 56．According to the passage, what do you learn about the global experiment called Unplugged? A．The experiment was carried out by US and UK governments. B．The volunteers of the experiment are all university students. C．It has been carried out among all the students in the world. D．Its findings proved that Dr. Gerodimos’ expectations were true. 57．According to what the three volunteers wrote during the experiment, we can learn that ________. A．they all feel very surprised and worried B．all of them feel their life is peaceful without a mobile C．it is hard for them to spend the 24 hours without the media D．it makes them realize the social importance of the mobile 58．What does the writer think about the mass media? A．He prefers not to live with it. B．He thinks highly of it. C．He worries about its influence. D．He is not sure about its future. 59．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Hello, technology! B．The young’s lives, a mess? C．Welcome, information age! D．Mass media, a lifelong partner? 【答案】56．B 57．D 58．C 59．D 【来源】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地的大学生被要求志愿参加一项名为“不插电”的全球性实验。它旨在观察如果要求年轻人在24小时内拔掉所有形式的媒体设备，遵守全面的媒体禁令，他们会有什么反应。结果表明，学生们难以忍受，网络媒体已经成为他们生活中重要的一部分。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged”可知，最近，世界各地的大学生被要求参加一个名为“不插电”的全球实验，故选B。 57．细节理解题。根据“Despite being aware of the social importance of the media…but being taken away from the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual…not only is it a social thing, it’s my main point of communication”可知，他们都认为没有网络媒体的生活很难熬，这个实验使他们意识到网络的重要性，故选D。 58．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?”“所以，随着科技继续以惊人的速度发展，你将来会留出多少时间睡觉呢”可知，作者对网络媒体的影响力有些担心，故选C。 59．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段中的“Mass media are tools of communication and allow us to record and pass information rapidly to a large, scattered（分散的）audience”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了世界各地的大学生被要求志愿参加一项名为“不插电”的全球性实验。它旨在观察如果要求年轻人在24小时内拔掉所有形式的媒体设备，遵守全面的媒体禁令，他们会有什么反应。结果表明，学生们难以忍受，网络媒体以及成为他们生活中重要的一部分，所以大众传媒，终生伴侣符合题意，故选D。 Passage 6 （24-25九年级上·北京大兴区·期中） A tennis player wins her second round, feeling like she can predict another player’s next move. A musician practices repeatedly without worrying about mistakes. A scientist fails to notice her morning alarm from the next room, having done experiments through the night. While each of these people is involved in a different activity, all three are experiencing what is known as FLOW—a special mental state of effortless engagement (投入). This is a good thing and anyone can find ways to enter flow. Flow is more than just focusing or paying attention. Psychologists find flow has several typical characteristics (特点). First, those in flow tend (倾向于) to keep focused easily. Flow is also likely to reduce feelings of worry, in turn encouraging creativity. And people in flow report experiencing a sense of oneness with what they’re doing, allowing for top performance. And scientists are still working to understand why certain activities are more likely to cause flow than others. While we don’t know for sure, there are several ways to help people enter flow. For example, people more often report finding flow when doing things they find motivating, meaning activities they find purpose, meaning, or enjoyment in. This may include joining in a favorite hobby, studying topics you find interesting, or even completing satisfying chores. Likewise, it may be more difficult to find flow in tasks you do only because you have to, not because you want to. Other research suggests balancing personal skill level with the activity’s challenge is key for finding flow. In other words, if a task is too easy, you may get distracted or feel bored. If it’s too challenging, you may become discouraged. Still, other studies suggest that it’s most important that activities have clear goals and allow you to assess (评估) your progress along the way. For example, people often find flow when playing games of chance, because moment-to-moment feedback (反馈) may be enough to get them involved deeply. There are also steps you can take to increase your chances to enter flow. Find a quiet environment free from noises. Break your tasks into small, specific parts that are easy to track and learn from. Set clear end goals that are challenging. If you find the task to be boring, set up a more difficult one. Most importantly, don’t focus too much on reaching flow. That sort of thinking might just prevent you from finding it. 60．Why does the writer describe three people in Paragraph 1? A．To show their excellent skills. B．To show they all work very hard. C．To find the common thing—FLOW. D．To stress the importance of attention. 61．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．People who are experts in a certain field can find flow easily. B．People who are in flow may be more creative and perform better. C．The more difficult the task is, the more easily people enter flow. D．It’s quite easy for people to enter flow when hanging out aimlessly. 62．What does the word “distracted” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Lose chance. B．Lose attention. C．Lose face. D．Lose heart. 63．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How People Enter Flow State B．How Flow Influences People C．Why Entering Flow Is Important D．Why Entering Flow Is Difficult 【答案】60．C 61．B 62．B 63．A 【来源】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种特殊的心理状态——心流，包括其特点以及帮助人们进入心流状态的方法等内容。 60．细节理解题。根据第一段“While each of these people is involved in a different activity, all three are experiencing what is known as FLOW—a special mental state of effortless engagement. This is a good thing and anyone can find ways to enter flow.”可知，作者描述这三个人是为了找出他们的共同之处——心流状态，故选C。 61．细节理解题。根据第二段“Flow is also likely to reduce feelings of worry, in turn encouraging creativity. And people in flow report experiencing a sense of oneness with what they’re doing, allowing for top performance.”可知，处于心流状态的人可能更有创造力，表现更好，故选B。 62．词义猜测题。根据第五段“In other words, if a task is too easy, you may get distracted or feel bored.”可知，如果任务太简单，你可能会分心或感到无聊，所以“distracted”的意思是“分心”，故选B。 63．最佳标题题。根据第三段“And scientists are still working to understand why certain activities are more likely to cause flow than others. While we don’t know for sure, there are several ways to help people enter flow.”以及下文提到的帮助人们进入心流状态的方法可知，文章主要讲述了人们如何进入心流状态，选项A“人如何进入心流状态”符合语境，故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解 说明文+议论文 主题01 人与自我——语言/学习 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京通州区·期中） Learning a new language is a complex (复杂的) task, but there are lots of benefits of language learning. Research shows that it is never too early or too late to start learning a new language—our brains are built for language learning! Language is about communication and connection, and studying a new language brings people and cultures closer to us. At the beginning, learning a language might feel like all vocabulary and grammar, but it doesn’t take long to build up the skills to make meaningful connections in the new language. Knowing another language can develop our understanding of languages in general. Studying a second language helps improve students’ performance in other subjects. It involves learning different kinds of skills, like creativity, higher order of thinking, problem solving and reasoning. If a man can use two languages, he is bilingual. Being bilingual trains our brains to perform a complex task: turning one language “down” while turning the other “up”, in every interaction, for every word! Bilinguals’ brains treat languages like a seesaw (跷跷板), lifting one up higher when it is needed, and pushing lower the one not being used. This push-and-pull in bilinguals’ brains gets them practicing a specific (特定的) kind of attention and control. Languages provide new ways of interacting with people in our communities and around the world. While students may learn a new language in school, technology makes it easier than ever before for older adults to learn, too. Online chatting tools give adults ways to communicate directly with their language practice partners and native speakers. Exploring new cultures, travel, and making new social connections with people around the world can also have a good influence on older adults. People of any age can learn new languages, but it is usually harder for adults to have the time and energy to learn them. For both kids and adults, language learning takes time and patience, and it should also be enjoyable. 1．Why is learning another language helpful for students’ other subjects? A．Because it makes learning vocabulary and grammar easy. B．Because it gets students interested in many subjects. C．Because it shows the performance of students. D．Because it develops students’ several skills. 2．Paragraph 4 mainly talks about ________. A．how bilinguals learn languages B．why being bilingual can benefit us C．how we can be bilingual through practice D．why bilinguals need some complex tasks 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．learning a language is like playing on a seesaw B．kids have more difficulties finding time to learn languages than adults C．technology provides adults with ways to talk with native speakers D．it is impossible to make meaningful connections in a new language Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京大兴区·期中） One of the earliest forms of writing which is still being used today is Chinese characters, or hanzi. The image of Chinese characters that many people have is that they are all pictograms (象形字), but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of things to buy at the store, but they are quite useless if one is writing something more abstract (抽象的). So it is a mistake to say that written Chinese is a “picture language”. Besides pictograms, here are some other common types of Chinese characters. ● Ideograms First, there are simple ideograms. These are characters which provide an abstract picture of an idea, but in an easy form. For example, “up” is “上” while “down” is “下”. ● Compound Characters Next we have a common kind of hanzi: compound characters. These are where two or more characters are joined in one character for a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. In many cases, however, the meanings of compound characters are more difficult to work out. ● Phonetic Loan Characters Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they are often used to mean other words that have the same pronunciation. A good example of this is “目”. While it can be used in modern Chinese with the meaning “eye”, it is most often used to mean “a thing on a list”. The reason is that Chinese has a word for “a thing on a list” but lacks (缺少) a character for it, so the word takes the character “目”, a character with the same pronunciation. ● Phonetic-semantic Characters A final kind of Chinese characters is by far the most common. These are phonetic-semantic characters. With phonetic-semantic characters, one part of each character gives a clue (线索) to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning. Over the centuries, it was thought that the difficulty of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Therefore, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out (推出) simplified Chinese characters. 4．According to the passage, pictograms ________. A．are quite easy to write B．have limited use C．are very difficult D．are quite useful 5．Which of the following kinds does the character “梨” belong to? A．Pictograms. B．Phonetic loan characters. C．Ideograms. D．Phonetic-semantic characters. 6．What can we learn from the passage? A．It’s believed that Chinese characters are all pictograms. B．The meanings of many ideograms are difficult to work out. C．Phonetic loan characters usually have more than one meaning. D．Phonetic-semantic characters are the same as compound characters. 主题02 人与自然——环境 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京房山区·期中） When a new mobile phone starts to be sold in stores, many people become excited and can’t wait to buy one. They rush out to the stores and pick one. We can understand that people all want the newest, latest thing. But what should we do with our old mobile phones? Have you ever thought about it? Will you just put it in your drawer and never pay attention to it? Mike Townsend works at Total Recall, a mobile phone recycling company. “Don’t throw your old phone away. Send it to us and we’ll recycle it,” he says. “If you throw it away, it goes with other rubbish to become terrible landfill. In other words, it is put in a big hole in the ground—and it becomes a big problem.” There are some toxic (有毒的) materials, like lead, mercury and cadmium in the mobile phones. If your phone goes to a landfill, these toxic materials can get out and get into the water under the ground. That’s the water we want to drink or the water that goes into rivers or the ocean. As millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year, it is not a small thing at all. “At Total Recall, we take the old phones apart. Most of the materials in a mobile phone can be recycled and used again,” explains Mike. “We sell the parts and they are used to make new products. For example, there are nickel (镍) and cadmium in phone batteries. The nickel is used to make steel, and the cadmium can be used to make new batteries. The plastic parts of the phones are made into plastic fence posts.” Mike says recycling your old phone is easy. “You can usually take it into a mobile phone shop and they’ll send it to us.” So, before you throw your old mobile phone away, use it one last time: search for a mobile phone recycling company near you and give them a call. 7．People who work in Total Recall ________. A．sell new mobile phones B．recycle old mobile phones C．repair old mobile phones D．produce new mobile phones 8．The underlined word “landfill” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A．a low area where rubbish is put and hidden underground B．a large area that is much higher than the land around it C．something used for making the environment clean D．something added to soil to make plants grow fast 9．Which is probably the best title for the passage? A．Don’t use old mobile phones. B．Old mobile phones are harmful. C．New lives of old mobile phones. D．History of old mobile phones. Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京二十中学·期中） Hundreds of dead migrating (迁徙) songbirds covered the ground like a carpet on Thursday in Chicago. Nearly 1,000 songbirds died throughout the night after crashing (撞击) into the glass of the McCormick Place Lakeside Center due to a deadly combination of rain, and the low building’s lighting and window-lined walls, according to bird experts. Window hits are a problem in almost every major city in the United States. Birds cannot see transparent (透明的) or reflecting glass and are unaware that it is a dangerous block. They rush for plants or bushes they see through windows or reflected in them, killing themselves in the process. Night-migrating birds depend on the stars for direction. Building lights both attract and confuse them, resulting in window hits or birds flying around the lights until they die of exhaustion, a phenomenon known as deadly light attraction. According to Stan Temple, a retired bird expert from University of Wisconsin-Madison, conditions were ideal for a big wave of songbird southern migration over Chicago on Wednesday evening. “You had all these birds that were just eager to set out, but they’ve been held up with this unusual September and October with temperatures way above normal,” Temple said. To avoid irregular air movements and predators (捕食者), little songbirds eat to get energy during the day and travel at night. They’ve been waiting for north winds to push them south, but September’s unusually warm south winds left the birds in a holding position here, according to Temple. The north winds on Wednesday evening, offering a good chance, and millions of birds took to the air. “Pre-dawn rain forced the birds to fly low, and they found McCormick Place’ s lights on,” said David WiHard, a manager at the Chicago Field Museum. According to Ann a Pidgeon, a bird biologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, window hits and deadly light attraction are simply avoidable. Building managers can simply decrease their lights, and building designers can create windows with bird-friendly marks in the glass. People can also add screens, paint their windows. or put stickers on the glass 10．Which of the following probably caused the songbirds’ death in Chicago? A．Window hits. B．Hunger. C．Disease. D．Bird hunts. 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．Birds flew low because many lights were on. B．The warm south winds helped songbrids migrate in September in Chicago. C．Night-migrating birds are attracted and confused by building lights. D．Building managers can increase their lights to avoid light attraction. 12．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To predict the future of songbirds. B．To stress the importance of protecting birds. C．To call on people to avoid causing harm to birds. D．To explain why there are window hits and light attraction. 主题03 人与自我——健康 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京二中·期中） Mountain biking is a popular sport of riding bicycles off-road, usually over rough road, using specially designed mountain bikes. Mountain biking can be broken down into several categories: trail riding, cross country, downhill, all mountain, dirt jumping, and free ride. Mountain biking can be conducted (进行) nearly everywhere, but many mountain bikes usually ride-off road trails, whether country fire roads, back roads, or single track (narrow trails which wind through deserts, mountains, forests or fields). There are some features of mountain biking which are more similar to trail running than standard cycling. Since riders are usually far from cities, there’s a powerful ethic of self-reliance (自力更生) in this sport. Riders should learn to repair any flat tires or broken bikes to avoid being left several miles from assistance. Nevertheless, the majority of mountain biking commonly falls into the categories of cross country and trail riding styles. This particular sport requires strength and balance, endurance, self-reliance, and bike handling skills. Mountain biking is thrilling (令人激动的) sport for all adventure lovers out there, riding challenging routes and even enjoying new natural trails along the way. The kind of protection worn by any rider differs greatly and is influenced by the weather, speed, experience, fitness, trail conditions, desired style and many other factors, including personal choice. Protection becomes extremely necessary, where these important factors may be considered to reduce the possibility of any crash. Injuries are an important factor in mountain biking, especially in more serious disciplines like downhill biking. Injuries vary from small wound, like cuts from falls, to top injuries like head or spinal (脊椎的) injuries. Protective equipment can easily protect riders against small injuries and lower the degree or seriousness. However, it may not protect a mountain biker from main accidents, and therefore the potential (可能性) for an injury; by selecting trails that fall within the particular range of their experience level, making sure that they are fit to ride on the trail they have selected and making sure their bike in excellent mechanical condition. 13．Riders need the ethic of self-reliance because ________. A．they are usually in uncivilized areas B．accidents like bikes broken happen a lot C．they usually do it over rough trails D．no assistance is available during their journey 14．Riders’ choice of protection is affected by the following factors, except ________ . A．weather B．speed C．experience D．diet 15．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To introduce mountain biking. B．To encourage the readers to join in mountain biking C．To warn the readers about the danger of mountain biking. D．To tell the readers how to protect themselves while having mountain biking. Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京交大附中·期中） “You’ll get square eyes!” my mother used to say as I sat for hour after hour glued to the TV. I didn’t pay any attention. Past-forward many years and now I’m the parent. My 5-year-old lives in a world where screens aren’t fixed pieces of furniture. You can’t even avoid them by going outside. Screens are not only in our pockets; they’ re everywhere. The concerns have grown with the screens. In the past ten years, we have heard that they will damage our mental health. Many of us feel more distracted (分心的) by them, feeling guiltier and more tired as a result. The apps and websites we can use on our phones have also caused widespread concern. Big tech companies are also good at making use of our need for social acceptance, catching us on likes and follower counts. Social media has created a culture of mass narcissism (自恋), which has led many to worry about the emotional stresses on teenagers. A quick online search brings up lots of papers linking screen use or social media with harmful effects on mental health, including anxiety and depression. Such statements are alarming. They are also widely believed, thanks to popular books like iGen by Jean Twenge, which claims that digital technology has destroyed a generation. Yet, Amy Orben at the University of Oxford, who studies the influence of digital technology and social media in particular on mental health, holds different views. She claims that the studying data can be used to tell different stories. She also pointed out the weakness in several large studies that showed correlations (相关性) between the use of devices with screens and depression in users. Twenge stands by her own finding, pointing in turn to what she considers downsides in Orben’s research methods. For David Max, at Royal College of Child Health in London, the effect of screen time and social media use on mental health remains speculative. “We cannot regard social media completely as good or bad,” says Davie. “We don’t know whether in many cases social media is not responsible,” he says. The growth of mobile phone use has changed our lives. I can download movies, write articles, communicate with my family and broadcast to the world all at the push of a button. Rather than place limits, we should take a look at our use of screens and ask how they fit with the activities and lifestyle. Every new technology with widespread influence has given rise to new fears. So, the best way may simply be to ask yourself what level of screen use makes you and those around you happy and try to stick to it. If you find you are unable to stop, don’t be anxious — and certainly don’t feel guilty. Nobody knows anything worth getting scared about. 16．According to the passage, people give likes and count followers to ________. A．share one’s lifestyles B．show respect for others C．search for social acceptance D．reduce emotional stresses 17．The underlined word “speculative” probably means “________”. A．questionable B．negative C．important D．deep 18．What can be learned from the passage? A．Teenagers are more influenced by screen use both physically and mentally. B．Big tech companies help to produce many research papers on mental health. C．Twenge mainly introduces the overall benefits of digital technology in her books. D．Orben believes it is too early to think screen use responsible for hurting a generation. 19．The passage is written to ________. A．encourage readers to reduce the time of screen use B．share different opinions on the effects of screen use C．lessen people’s concerns and worries about the use of screens D．explain why screen use may have some negative effects on people 主题01 人与自我——方法与哲理 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京北师大附中·期中） How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends, family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely shut off what they were saying? How much of our attention are we truly giving to the people who are supposed to be important to us? According to a research by Wright State University, while most people believe they are good listeners who don’t need to improve their listening skills, the average person (一般人) only listens at about 25 percent efficiency (效率). So why aren’t we better listeners? As a society, we may be growing more narcissistic (自恋的). A 2022 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students. If we, as a culture, are becoming more self-centered, how can we, as individuals (个体), work to become more caring communicators? We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations. As Stephen R. Covey wrote in his book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change, “Most people do not listen with the intention (意图) to understand but to reply.” A dialogue is a chance to learn, to see things from a new perspective (视角), to open your eyes to new information and possibilities. Yet, too often we communicate as if it’s a debate (辩论). We speak to hear our own voices. In doing so, we can space out when spoken to. We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely, for the other person to finish, so we can say something we feel is of value. Wilson Mizner said, “A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while, he knows something.” Listening doesn’t just enrich our knowledge on an intellectual (智力的) level; it also enables us to have a more personal, in-depth understanding of our closest friends. Relationships are truly enriched by an equal (平等的) back-and-forth exchange in communication. When these dynamics (动态) become more one-sided, we may lose interest and create distance (疏远) in our friendships, with less trust built and less honesty exchanged. Maybe we aren’t as good listeners as we believe. Do we focus too much on ourselves—both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach, rather than living in the moment and really focusing on what’s being said? Thankfully, we can all improve our listening skills. As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds, we can start to open ourselves up to others, becoming better listeners, thinkers, lovers and friends. 20．Why does the writer ask the questions in Paragraph 1? A．To show most people are confident about their listening skills. B．To point out the fact that people have low efficiency in listening. C．To provide information about how people behave in conversation. D．To express his worries about people’s shortage of attention when talking. 21．What does the underlined phrase “space out” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Stay focused. B．Feel confused. C．Be absent-minded. D．Remain nervous. 22．Which of the following statements would the writer agree with? A．We should speak to hear our own voices and opinions. B．People should listen to learn and see things from a new way. C．Most people listen with the intention to understand, not to reply. D．A good listener is popular but does not necessarily know everything. 23．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less B．How We Can Improve Listening Skills Efficiently C．The Influence of Narcissism on Social Communication D．The Lower Efficiency of Listening in Modern Society Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京101中学·期中） txt msgs r ruining language lol, jk! ! :) These are typical “textspeak”. In casual discussions of language and the Internet, it’s common to hear concerns that “textspeak” is ruining language. Some argue that technology has made us lazy in our speaking and writing. However, has “textspeak” truly destroyed our language? Indeed, language change is very common in history. Whether in ancient Rome or modern times, people often feel worried about how language changes, but they also slowly adapt to it. In AD 63, a Roman scholar was unhappy with new elements in Latin, calling it an “artificial language.” He didn’t realize that this language would later develop into early French. Similarly, even though people have many concerns about language change, the natural development of language is unavoidable. U. S. president Theodore Roosevelt supported changes to American English spelling in the 1870s, many of which we still use today. These include changing “-re” endings to “-er” and “-our” to “-or”. Fast forward to today, where rapid communication is enabled by a variety of tools and technologies. Among these, emoticons like “: -) ” serve as visual representations of smiling and happiness. The very first emoticon, created by computer scientist Scott Fahlman in 1982, was used to suggest a joke in text communication. These symbols offer information about the tone (语气) of a statement, making digital communication more expressive. Emoticons For example, punctuation and repeated letters can express strong emotions. A text message like “JACKIAM SO SO SO SORRYI I thought you were behind us in the taxi and then I saw you weren’t! ! ! I feel sooooooooo bad! ” shows sincere apology (道歉) through its style. In digital communication, we often use a single symbol to send a fast but complete message. Linguist Susan Herring points out that sometimes a single question mark (?) is used to suggest that the user is confused or doesn’t know what to say. Similarly, a single exclamation point (!) as a message can express surprise and excitement. You can repeat these symbols to show a higher degree of surprise. Here is an example: A: So I have some good news. B: ? A: I got a raise today. B: ! A: And it came with a promotion (升职). B: ! ! ! Furthermore, studies have shown that people often switch between formal and informal language depending on the context. Texting might be informal, but people can still switch to more formal language when necessary, such as in academic or professional settings. This flexibility proves that users are not losing their ability to use language properly, they’re simply adapting it to different contexts. Far from destroying language, these changes actually show how we can express complex feelings quickly and directly, fitting our fast-paced world. Language has always evolved, and the Internet is just the latest step in this journey. What’s important is how well these changes meet our needs. 24．According to the passage, what do emoticons do? A．They help express tone in online chats. B．They disconnect from language changes. C．They completely ruin language and skills. D．They simplify English spelling over time. 25．Why does the writer use the example of the apologetic text message? A．To show the effectiveness of digital communication. B．To recommend using “textspeak” in communication. C．To stress the importance of punctuation in written texts. D．To exhibit the expression of emotions through “textspeak”. 26．Which of the following might the writer agree? A．Technology has led to development in our spelling and writing skills. B．Users have to switch from formal to informal language when texting. C．“Textspeak” allows people to express complex emotions in simple ways. D．Concerns about language change have been expressed for many centuries. 27．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the historical changes in language through various periods over the centuries. B．To explore the positive aspects of “textspeak” and the effect it has on communication. C．To argue that technology is making people increasingly lazy at speaking and writing. D．To criticize the current evolution of language in the digital age and its influence. Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·北京通州区·期中） You might think that you don’t have time to sit down and create something every day. This is when it is important to know the difference between using creativity and actually creating something. In a lot of ways, creativity is all about how you see things. You can use creativity to write poems, but you can also use it in practical ways like coming up with a solution for a project or organizing things in your home. The next time you think you are not creative, take a step back and take a look at what you do in your daily lives. You might be surprised at how often you are using creativity. As children, we are highly creative and imaginative. We often act on our impulses (冲动): speaking our thoughts out loud as they come into our heads, and letting our imaginations inform many of our actions. But as we grow older, we are taught to control these impulses. This is generally a good thing—a world without impulse control would be a place without order. After we say “no” to our impulses, it can be difficult to start following them again in a creative sense. One way to make your inhibition (抑制) less is through free writing. When you have a free writing, you write continuously for a period of time without worrying about the topic or being “correct”. It is also important to remind yourself that there is no perfection. If you try to find the “right way” to do something, you limit your creative potential (潜质). When you get a creative impulse, don’t push it away or say “no”. Try saying “yes, and…” instead. This encourages you not only to accept an idea but also to develop it. The “yes, and…” mindset allows you to take impulses, and give them consideration and room to grow. Creativity plays an important role in our daily lives. Following your creative impulses can potentially help improve things like your performance and your ability. It is easy to get used to worrying that your ideas are not good enough or that people won’t like them. But if you are able to trust and follow your impulses, it can help you to overcome those barriers (障碍). 28．According to the passage, we are using creativity when we ________. A．copy down a famous poem B．follow others’ advice without thinking C．receive our friends’ letters D．set up a reading area at home 29．What does the word “inform” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Pay a close attention to. B．Have an influence on. C．Make preparation for. D．Show some interest in. 30．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．We should keep reminding ourselves of the right way to do things. B．Free writing can be used to help us focus on the writing topic. C．We need to learn more about how to control our impulses. D．The “yes, and…” mindset is needed to develop a new idea. 31．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare using creativity and actually creating something. B．To encourage us to spend more time creating special things. C．To give advice on discovering our unused creativity. D．To prove the importance of becoming creative. Passage 4 （24-25九年级上·北京清华附中·期中） If you want to protect yourself from colds and flu, regular exercise may be the best way to improve your immune system (免疫系统). Studies have shown that if you do some light workout like walking, biking, or running for about 30 to 45 minutes each day, you can greatly reduce your chances of getting sick. But once you get sick, the story changes. “Exercise is great for prevention, but it can be bad for treatment,” says David Nieman, a professor and director of Appalachian State University. A study from Ball State University has found that doing light exercise doesn’t change how long a cold lasts or how serious it is. “If your cold isn’t very heavy, like having a running nose or a sore throat, you can exercise as usual and working out won’t make things better or worse,” Nieman says. “If you have the energy, it’s probably okay to keep exercising,” he also says. But if you have the flu or other forms of fever-causing illnesses, exercise is a bad idea. “ ① ,” says Mariane Fahlman, a professor of health education at Wayne State University. He has examined how training affects the immune function of cross-country runners. She says that when a person is suffering from flu or some other fever-causing illnesses, exercise is a form of physical stress that makes the immune system’s task more difficult. There may be far more serious results. “In the 1940s, during the polio (脊髓灰质炎) outbreak, some researchers noticed that athletes who played tough football games were getting the more serious form of polio,” Nieman says. “ ② . We don’t know exactly what’s going on, but my belief is that the virus (病毒) spreads throughout the body without showing many signs, which keeps the immune system busy and makes the person feel very tired.” He says the research on this phenomenon is far from a final conclusion. After your fever goes away, wait a whole week before you start exercising again, he suggests. Start with long walks, and progress to light workouts. By the end of the second week after your fever, if you’re feeling well, you can return to your usual training. “If you have any muscle pain or weakness, it’s best to wait until those feelings go away before doing intense exercise,” he adds. “ ③ , but this is wrong.” Like a broken arm or sprained ankle, your flu-weakened body needs time and rest to fully recover before it can stand up to the exercise. 32．Why does the author talk about the study of exercise in the 1st paragraph? A．To show regular exercise may be the best way to improve our immune system. B．To lead to the further understanding of the influence of doing exercise. C．To explain why physical activity can play a role in preventing illness. D．To make us realize what kind of exercise can affect our health. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．Light exercise can help us recover from a cold more easily. B．We can exercise to reduce muscle aches after we have a fever. C．Doing exercise might make you tired and cause serious results. D．You can exercise more to stop virus from spreading throughout the body. 34．Please match the following ideas of different people with the blanks ①-③. The right order is ________. a. “You may feel like you can push through it to feel better” b. “This is a painful case history to read” c. “I know that not exercising at all is a bitter pill for many to swallow” d. “Never exercise with flu or fever” A．d-b-a B．d-c-b C．c-b-d D．c-b-a Passage 5 （24-25九年级上·北京清华附中·期中） We all love to criticize (批评). Unfortunately, we also hate being criticized. Criticism tells what you think is bad about someone or something. It can trouble us in our everyday life. Criticism is hard to accept because of how our brains process it. In 2013, a group of neuroscientists found that criticism affected the parts of our brains that deal with understanding other people more than the parts that help us think logically. This means that when we get criticized, we often focus on the critic’s (批评者) feelings and thoughts instead of the actual feedback (反馈). For example, if someone says your work isn’t good enough, your first thought is, “They don’t like me” instead of “How can I improve?” If you find it hard to deal with criticism, then you are not alone. When Isaac Newton published a paper on light in 1672, most scientists showed support, except Robert Hooke. Newton was so angry that he ruined every picture of Hooke he could find. Clearly, reacting badly to criticism is more of a shame than the criticism itself. Since the culture of criticism is not going away, the only way out is to develop new ways to receive and give feedback. 1. Do not make it personal. When we get criticism, we often make it personal. First, we naturally focus on the person who gives criticism instead of criticism itself. Second, we may consider criticism an attack on our inner abilities, rather than our performance, which leads to lower self-worth. The solution is to build confidence by saying, “The criticism isn’t a personal attack on me; it’s about the matter itself.” 2. Treat criticism like insider information. Once you stop taking criticism personally, you can see it for what it really is: a chance to know how others view your work and an opportunity to use it in a positive way to make progress. You can ask friends whom you trust to criticize your performance. If you ask them to do so, it won’t hurt much. 3. Make criticism a gift, never a weapon (武器). We all need to give criticism sometimes. The key to criticizing to the best effect is to remember the “gift or weapon” rule: if you criticize to help others improve, you are doing it right; if you’re trying to hurt, you’re doing it wrong. 4. Praise in public, criticize in private. Studies show that positive feedback given to students in public is 9% more encouraging than when given privately, while negative feedback in private is 11% more effective than in public. Criticism is a natural part of life. Mastering the art of giving and receiving criticism is significant for personal development. Offer feedback with the purpose of improving, and receive it with the grace to learn and grow. 35．What do you know about criticism from the passage? A．Criticism from our trusted friends is likely to lower our self-worth. B．We should focus on the feelings of the person who gives criticism. C．Criticism can be used positively to guide us towards improvement. D．Seeing criticism as a judgement on our abilities brings us confidence. 36．Why does the author mention Isaac Newton in the 3rd paragraph? A．To show it’s common to have trouble accepting criticism. B．To stress the importance of taking criticism in a positive way. C．To give an example of how criticism affected a famous person. D．To present historical background for the discussion of criticism. 37．Which of the following is the most suitable when giving or receiving criticism? A．I got a C in painting. It must be that I don’t have a talent for it. B．Tom’s father criticized him for his mistake in front of his friends. C．My brother ruined my book, so I criticized him to make him feel bad. D．My teacher criticized my handwriting, but I’ll make it better next time. 38．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To explain the scientific reasons behind criticism. B．To show the effects of criticism on our mental health. C．To suggest people how to understand criticism reasonably. D．To advise people to act properly when it comes to criticism. Passage 6 （24-25九年级上·北京交大附中·期中） It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist Who is a scientist and what is his job? A chemist doing experiments? A geologist out studying rocks? When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures （治疗方法）for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work. Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery. Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done? How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible? Researchers publish their work in scientific journals（期刊）.These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process. Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal written for—and reviewed by young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an experts young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understands make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done and check whether the figures （数据）clearly explain the point of the article. Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings. 39．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What is required to be a good scientist. B．Who should understand a scientist’s job. C．Why sharing the results of scientific work is important. D．How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct. 40．From the passage we can know that________. A．scientists are good at working together with others B．young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals C．in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers D．young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable 41．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce how scientists do their jobs. B．To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions. C．To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals. D．To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists. 主题02 人与社会——科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·北京房山区·期中） Sometimes, when we’re not quite awake but not fully asleep either, our brains might be really good at coming up with new ideas. A new study finds that people who have a light sleep are better at solving problems later. Researchers read stories about some scientists solving difficult problems after a light and short sleep. It is said that the famous inventor Thomas Edison used to look for the twilight (朦胧模糊的) moments between wakefulness and sleep. He used to sit in a chair and hold two balls. As he started to fall asleep, the balls fell down and made a noise that woke him up. This way, he could write down his ideas before he fell into a deep sleep and forgot them. To see if Edison’s idea could work for other people, researchers asked 103 healthy people to come to their lab. They had to try to solve a difficult math problem 60 times. After that, they got a 20-minute break in a quiet, dark room. They sat in chairs and held a light bottle in one hand, just like the balls in Edison’s hands. The researchers told them to close their eyes and rest or even sleep if they wanted to. After the break, they went back to the math problem. While they were resting, the researchers checked their brain waves. They found that more than half of the people didn’t fall asleep. But 24 people did fall asleep and had a light sleep called N1. Another 14 people went into a deeper sleep called N2. The researchers saw a great difference between the groups. The people who had light sleep, the N1 stage, were 2.7 times more likely to solve it than people who stayed awake. And they were 5.8 times more likely to solve it than those who went into the deeper N2 sleep. However, more work is needed to find out the relation between N1 and creativity. The results are interesting because they suggest that maybe we can learn how to get into this light sleep stage on purpose. It seems that Edison knew something about how being a bit sleepy can help us be more creative. But don’t think that you should copy his habits completely. He also thought that sleeping was a waste of time. 42．Why does the writer mention Thomas Edison in Paragraph 2? A．To tell the importance of sleep. B．To explain why Edison slept well. C．To introduce Edison’s sleeping habit. D．To show how researchers get their idea. 43．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________. A．why the study was designed B．how the study was carried out C．what result the study showed D．what the future study may focus on 44．What can we learn from the passage? A．Holding a ball while sleeping helps people come up with new ideas. B．People can learn some skills after reaching the twilight stage of sleep. C．Light sleep may make people creative and be a better problem solver. D．Staying awake for a long time will make people forget things easily. 45．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to sleep less in the daytime. B．To discuss the importance of deep sleep. C．To compare different kinds of sleep. D．To prove the value of light sleep. Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·北京二十中学·期中） Best friends Tommy, 17, and Daniel, 15, decided to sign up for their school’s robotics team in their freshman year, and began their journey towards changing lives for the better. At first, they created parts for their robots with 3D printers, but they wanted their influence to be greater. “We were trying to figure out how we could make a difference to society as a first-year robotics team. We later decided to use 3D printers to make prostheses (假肢), like hands.” Tommy said. The team worked with IMAHelps, a nonprofit organization, and received help from the Science Robotics Initiative. Shortly after, they began working with their first person in need of a prosthesis. “We started off with making an artificial (人造的) arm for Samantha, a 12-year-old little girl in Ecuador who lost her arm in a bus accident,” Tommy explains. “We got her measurements and then made the prosthesis. IMAHelps brought it to Samantha and it fit her perfectly and worked well.” “Samantha had a dream to write, and we wanted to help with that,” adds Daniel. It didn’t take long for other kids to see Samantha’s prosthesis. A young man named Ernest Priester, 13, asked to have an artificial foot. Later, the team offered to make him one for free. “He started tearing up. I brought so much joy to his eyes.” Tommy says. This July, the team traveled to Ecuador to deliver four more prostheses to those in need. “We were so happy to help,” Tommy shares. The team also plans on continuing to give away their 3D creations. “You can do whatever you want to do when it comes to helping people and changing the world,” Tommy says. “There are no age limits.” “By offering a little bit,” adds Daniel. “We can change a lot.” 46．To make the robotics team’s influence greater Tommy and Daniel decided to ________. A．create robot parts B．start a robotics course C．make prostheses D．invent a 3D printer 47．What did the robotics team do for Samantha? A．They set up IMAHelps for her. B．They made her an artificial arm. C．They offered her medical treatment. D．They gave her instructions on writing. 48．How does Tommy feel about what they are doing? A．Curious. B．Relaxed. C．Upset D．Pleased. 49．Which of the following words can best describe Tommy and Daniel? A．Caring. B．Calm. C．Honest.     D．Brave. Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·北京101中学·期中） In an age where technology continues to reshape our world, artificial intelligence (AI) is now entering an area that people used to think was impossible for a machine—understanding our emotions. A science group, led by Professor Feng Liu from East China Normal University, is exploring how AI is changing the field of emotional recognition. This technology aims to decode (解码) human emotions with high correctness, using a mix of facial expressions, voice patterns, body language, and even physiological (生理的) signals. “This technology has the possibility to influence fields such as healthcare, education, and customer service, facilitating personalized experiences and improving the understanding of human emotions. ” adds Liu. Imagine a world where your smartphone can notice when you are feeling stressed and quickly suggest relaxation techniques without orders or where a virtual (虚拟的) doctor can provide personalized mental health support based on little changes in your emotional state. These scenes may soon become reality, thanks to rapid developments in multi-modal (多模态) emotion recognition systems. One of the most exciting developments is the mix of deep learning techniques with psychological theories. This mix allows AI systems to not only recognize emotions but also understand the interaction between emotions and characters. For example, the OPO-FCM model they are exploring can analyze videos to map facial expressions onto a 3-D emotion space, providing excellent understanding of both emotional states and personality characteristics. The future practical uses of this technology are huge and various. In healthcare, AI-powered emotion recognition could improve mental health treatment, offering more objective and personalized methods. In education, these systems could help teachers notice when students are struggling or absent-minded. Even customer service could be improved with AI assistants which are able to sense and react to customer emotions in real-time. However, as with any rising technology, there are challenges and concerns that need to be addressed. One such challenge is ensuring that these AI systems are culturally adaptive, as emotional expressions and explanations can vary significantly across different cultures. The safety of personal information should also be taken notice of as the collection and analysis of emotional data may cause serious problems. In summary, as this technology develops, we’re nearing a new age in human-computer interaction, where devices understand not only what we say but also how we feel. This breakthrough promises to reshape our lives, bringing us closer to a more personalized and empathetic (善解人意的) future. 50．The expression “facilitating personalized experiences” probably means “________”. A．Reducing the influence of personalized experiences B．Making personalized experiences possible or easier C．Preventing personalized experiences from happening D．Exploring new solutions for personalized experiences 51．What do you know about the AI-based emotional recognition technology from the passage? A．Customers can use it to express their emotions. B．The applications of the technology are limited. C．We should pay attention to privacy when it is used. D．It can help students notice their performance in class. 52．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Development of AI: Advancing from Math to Creative Thinking B．The Cultural Adaptation of AI: Challenges in Emotional Recognition C．Technological Advancements in Healthcare: AI’s Influence on Mental Health D．The Future of Emation Recognition: AI’s Role in Understanding Human Feelings Passage 4 （24-25九年级上·北京陈经纶中学·期中） When watching sports events, we often notice athletes wearing earphones on while preparing in the locker room or entering the stadium. They keep their eyes shut, and gently nod along the beats. It seems the music is giving them power and cheering them up for the competition. We sometimes do the same. You might have a list of favorite songs for your morning exercises. But is there any science behind such practices? According to a recent research, it turns out there is. Music actually does make us feel powerful, but not all songs have the same effect. The research was led by Dennis Hsu of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwester University in the US. His team had people listen to 31 songs of different types. The listeners felt powerful after listening to some songs, such as Queen’s We Will Rock You and 2 Unlimited’s Get Ready for This. Researchers also found that high-power music made people want to take control in social events and come first in competition. That matters a lot in sports. “It’s commonly said that sports are 90 percent mental and only 10 percent physical,” The Huffington Post reported. Great athletes know this idea well. NBA player Kobe Bryant, for example, often puts on big headphones and even falls into deep thought to boost(提升) his game and reduce his anxiety. As for the reason for music’s magical power, Hsu’s team came up with one possible explanation: when people hear music that expresses a sense of power, they mimic(模拟) these feelings in their mind. When choosing music, we also need to look at the type of music, according to researchers. In previous research by the Music in Exercise and Sports Group at Brunei University in London, they found that pop was perfect for slower, more repetitive-type tasks. If you’re warming up or cooling down after exercises, pop songs are the correct choice. 53．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce favorite songs for morning exercises. B．To lead in the topic that music matters in sports. C．To give an example of athletes’ daily life. D．To explain how to choose music. 54．According to the passage, Dennis Hsu probably agrees that ________. A．listening to music always makes athletes relaxed B．powerful music can make people produce similar feelings in their mind C．the result of a game is mainly affected by the physical condition of the players D．most athletes still don’t know the effects of high-power music on their performance 55．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pop music is a reasonable choice for high-intensity workouts. B．Rock music helps people keep their rhythms when exercising. C．People are advised to listen to pop music before and after exercise. D．People should dance to music while doing strength and weight training. Passage 5 （24-25九年级上·北京育才学校·期中） Do you know we are living in the world of mass media? Mass media are tools of communication and allow us to record and pass information rapidly to a large, scattered（分散的）audience. However, have you imagined what life would be without the media? Are you a media user who would go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games and your mobile — or would you easily survive? Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban（禁止）by unplugging (拔插头) all forms of media devices (设备) for 24 hours. Unplugged is being run by Dr. Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University. The experiment is now over but he doesn’t yet know the full findings. However, during the experiment, Dr. Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers. He said: “They’re reporting withdrawal（孤僻）signs, overeating, feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected. ” During their 24-hour unpleasant experience, three volunteers had to put up with one interruption from the media: a BBC reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day. They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops. Elliot Day wrote: “Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.” From Caroline Scott, we read: “I didn’t expect it, but being taken away from the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual… I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like Dr. Roman Gerodimos expected us all to, but it’s not something I would like to do again!” And Charlotte Gay wrote: “I have to say the most difficult item for me to be has been without my mobile; not only is it a social thing, it’s my main point of communication.” Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media, often plugged into several things at once. And a recent study by Nielson found that on average, US teenagers send and receive over 3,000 texts per month—that’s about six texts per waking hour. So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future? 56．According to the passage, what do you learn about the global experiment called Unplugged? A．The experiment was carried out by US and UK governments. B．The volunteers of the experiment are all university students. C．It has been carried out among all the students in the world. D．Its findings proved that Dr. Gerodimos’ expectations were true. 57．According to what the three volunteers wrote during the experiment, we can learn that ________. A．they all feel very surprised and worried B．all of them feel their life is peaceful without a mobile C．it is hard for them to spend the 24 hours without the media D．it makes them realize the social importance of the mobile 58．What does the writer think about the mass media? A．He prefers not to live with it. B．He thinks highly of it. C．He worries about its influence. D．He is not sure about its future. 59．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Hello, technology! B．The young’s lives, a mess? C．Welcome, information age! D．Mass media, a lifelong partner? Passage 6 （24-25九年级上·北京大兴区·期中） A tennis player wins her second round, feeling like she can predict another player’s next move. A musician practices repeatedly without worrying about mistakes. A scientist fails to notice her morning alarm from the next room, having done experiments through the night. While each of these people is involved in a different activity, all three are experiencing what is known as FLOW—a special mental state of effortless engagement (投入). This is a good thing and anyone can find ways to enter flow. Flow is more than just focusing or paying attention. Psychologists find flow has several typical characteristics (特点). First, those in flow tend (倾向于) to keep focused easily. Flow is also likely to reduce feelings of worry, in turn encouraging creativity. And people in flow report experiencing a sense of oneness with what they’re doing, allowing for top performance. And scientists are still working to understand why certain activities are more likely to cause flow than others. While we don’t know for sure, there are several ways to help people enter flow. For example, people more often report finding flow when doing things they find motivating, meaning activities they find purpose, meaning, or enjoyment in. This may include joining in a favorite hobby, studying topics you find interesting, or even completing satisfying chores. Likewise, it may be more difficult to find flow in tasks you do only because you have to, not because you want to. Other research suggests balancing personal skill level with the activity’s challenge is key for finding flow. In other words, if a task is too easy, you may get distracted or feel bored. If it’s too challenging, you may become discouraged. Still, other studies suggest that it’s most important that activities have clear goals and allow you to assess (评估) your progress along the way. For example, people often find flow when playing games of chance, because moment-to-moment feedback (反馈) may be enough to get them involved deeply. There are also steps you can take to increase your chances to enter flow. Find a quiet environment free from noises. Break your tasks into small, specific parts that are easy to track and learn from. Set clear end goals that are challenging. If you find the task to be boring, set up a more difficult one. Most importantly, don’t focus too much on reaching flow. That sort of thinking might just prevent you from finding it. 60．Why does the writer describe three people in Paragraph 1? A．To show their excellent skills. B．To show they all work very hard. C．To find the common thing—FLOW. D．To stress the importance of attention. 61．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．People who are experts in a certain field can find flow easily. B．People who are in flow may be more creative and perform better. C．The more difficult the task is, the more easily people enter flow. D．It’s quite easy for people to enter flow when hanging out aimlessly. 62．What does the word “distracted” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Lose chance. B．Lose attention. C．Lose face. D．Lose heart. 63．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．How People Enter Flow State B．How Flow Influences People C．Why Entering Flow Is Important D．Why Entering Flow Is Difficult / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $