专题02 重点语法、书面表达背默及训练-2025-2026学年九年级英语上学期期中复习（沪教牛津版）

专题02 重点语法、书面表达背默及训练 Unit1 Wise men in history 语法 一．反义疑问句 （一）概念：反义疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 （二）要点注意： 1.反义疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”【前肯后否，前否后肯】。 2.简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。 3.简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。 4.陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。 （三）用法： 1.陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?　（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？） 2.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he? 3.陈述部分有情态动词 have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? used to，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 4.陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 5.陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 6.陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it? 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 7.think引导的宾语从句： A.主语是第一人称 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didn't he? （不能说weren't they?） 8.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you? Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? 而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）? 9.陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 10.否定前缀（如unhappy, impossible, unbelievble等）不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it? 　 　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 反意疑问句中的特殊句型总结 前句陈述句 后句反问句 例句 含有否定词 肯定含义 Jim is seldom late for school, is he? 祈使句 will you Don't open the door, will you ? let us will you Let us go to school, will you ? Let’s shall we Let's go to school, shall we ? there be there 代替主语 There's little water in the river, is there ? used to do usedn’t或didn’t Jack used to work on a farm, didn’t he? （四）用法： 遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。 A.一个句子前后保持一致，要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不能出现Yes, I don’t和No, I do的形式。 Beijing is the capital of China, isn’t it? Yes, it is. Beijing isn’t the capital of China, is it? Yes, it is. B.反义疑问句的回答是根据实际情况来回答的。 不用看汉语如何翻译，只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，就用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。 随堂训练 一、把下列句子改为反义疑问句。 1. John's told to be on time for the meeting. (改为反义疑问句） John's told to be on time for the meeting, __________ __________? 2. Your father has never been to Hong Kong. (改为反意疑问句) Your father has never been to Hong Kong, __________ __________? 3. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday. (改为反意疑问句) The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, __________ __________? 4. Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years. (改为反意疑问句) Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years, __________ __________? 5. There is little time left for us to work out a solution. (改为反意疑问句) There is little time left for us to work out a solution, __________ __________? 6. Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough. (改为反意疑问句) Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough, __________ __________? 7. Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes. (改为反意疑问句) Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes, __________ __________? 8. Psy (鸟叔) won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award. (改为反意疑问句) Psy won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award, __________ __________? 9. My brother has never seen so much snow before. (改为反意疑问句) My brother has never seen so much snow before, __________ __________? 10. The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers. (改为反意疑问句) The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, __________ __________? 二．句子类型 陈述句 肯定句 I like ice cream. 否定句 He doesn’t like ice cream. 疑问句 一般疑问句 Do you like ice cream? 特殊疑问句 What do you do when you are free? 反义疑问句 He like ice cream, doesn’t he? 选择疑问句 Would you like to have a cup of coffee or tea? 祈使句 Don’t be late again. 感叹句 What a clever cat it is! （一）句型转换 A、陈述句改一般疑问句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，把be动词, 情态动词或助动词放在句首，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 be动词：is, am, are, was, were 情态动词：can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, need 助动词：do, does, did, [现在完成时中的have, has] 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在句首加Do, Does, Did，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 *既是助动词，也是行为动词 助动词 行为动词 do, does, did 无意义 做 have, has, had 无意义 有 B．陈述句改否定句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，则在这些词后加not，可写成缩写，其他成分基本不变。 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在主语后加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t，其他成分基本不变。 书面表达 本单元写作指导 本单元侧重介绍历史名人，写作内容需要渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——谈论对人物的描写。 在写作过程中要注意以下几点： （1）可以简单地从相貌描写开始，但是不可以花太多笔墨在相貌上。 （2）可以介绍生平和重大贡献。 （3）结合话题内容，我们在写作过程中要大量用到课文中有关人物的短语。 北宋文豪苏轼在中国文化史上有着举足轻重的地位。为了帮助同学们更好地了解苏轼，你校将于6月24日举办东坡文化节。假设你是学校英文报的通讯员，请你根据以下要点，为此次活动写一篇英文宜传稿。 要点 1.苏轼简介 ①北宋著名诗人，写了很多流传至今的诗歌 ②除了文学，他在书法、绘画等方面也有很高的造诣 ③发明了一些广受欢迎的美食 2.文化节介绍 ①举办文化节的意义：…… ②文化节的活动：诗歌朗诵比赛、…… 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：北宋Northern Song Dynasty 书法calligraphy 东坡肉Dongpo pork 1.在……方面取得很大成就make great achievements in … 2.受欢迎be popular=be in fashion 3.举办活动hold an activity 4.参加活动join in/take part in/participate in an activity 5.举例子such as/like+名词/动名词；For example,+句子 Dongpo Culture Festival is coming Su Shi is also known as Su Dongpo.He was a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.During his life, There will be a lot of fun during the festival.Don't miss it! Unit2 Great minds 语法 非谓语形式---动词不定式 动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。 一、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。 He is always the first（person）to come to school. （主谓关系）她总是第一个到学校（的人）。 I'm the only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系） I have a letter to answer. 我有封信要回。（动宾关系） 二、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary. 努力学习是有必要的。 It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty. 帮助穷人是他的责任。 【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型： 1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth. 当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever, foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。 It’s very kind of you to do that. 你那样做真好。 It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day. 2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。 It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day.他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。 It was great fun to have a party there. 在那里举行聚会很有意思。 It was a great pleasure to work with you. 和你们一起工作非常愉快。 三、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。 Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish. 她的愿望是当一名老师。 Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job. 我们的工作是照顾那些动物。 随堂训练 ( ) 1. ______ the seeds and they will grow. 　　A. Water     B. To water C. Watering     D. Watered ( ) 2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people. 　　A. provide   B. to provide C. providing     D. provided ( ) 3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others. 　　A. set      B. to set C. to be set      D. having set ( ) 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting — I’ve got too much work ______. A. to come   B. coming　 C. to coming   D. come ( ) 5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____ 　　A. to find    B. to have found C. to be found     D. being found ( ) 6. After describing the planned improvements, she went on ______ how much they would cost. A.to explain  B. explaining C. to be explaining  D. having explained ( ) 7. To test eggs, ______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. 　　A. put     B. putting C. to put    D. to be putting ( ) 8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away. 　　A. watering    B. to be watering　 C. to water  D. being watering ( ) 9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes. 　　A. Making    B. To make　 C. To be making     D. Make ( ) 10. I’ve never been so poor ______ able to afford a meal. A.as to be not   B. not as to be C. as not to be   D.as to not be 书面表达 本单元写作指导 此篇作文以描述人为主线，主要谈论伟大人物及他们的生活。写此类文章时候，掌握好这些人的介绍和他们的生活方式很关键 在写作过程中要明确以下几点：（蓝笔处为固定模式） （1）介绍伟人的生平。 （2）说说你仰慕伟人的哪些方面或者你从他们的经历中得到的启示。 （3）结合话题内容，我们在写作过程中要大量用到课文中有关人物的短语，并学会用一般过去时态来表达。 袁隆平是世界上最著名的科学家之一，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”,请根据下列提示，写一篇英语短文介绍袁隆平院士。 基本信息 1930年出生于北京 个人经历 1.毕生致力于研究、改进杂交水稻， 2.1950年-1953年，在西南农业学院学习，学习非常努力； 3.1964年，开始进行特殊水稻的研究，并于1974年培育了一种新型水稻； 4.2021年5月逝世于长沙。 主要成就 1.提升水稻产量，解决饥饿问题； 2.2004年，获得“世界粮食奖”(Word Food Prize) 你的感受 ......(至少两点) 参考词汇：杂交水稻hybrid rice;西南农业学院Southwest Agricultural College;产量output 推荐表达： 1.出生于be born in. 2.致力于devote…to 3.培育develop 4.做出巨大贡献make a great contribution 5.被视为be considered/regarded as… Father of Hybrid Rice Scientists serve their countries with passion and contribution.Yuan Longping is one of them. As for me,he is a hero in my heart.I'll always respect him for his love and care for others,as well as pursuing one goal through his whole life. Unit3 Family life 语法 连系动词 一、定义 指连接主语和描述主语的形容词或名词，表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构。 二、归类 1. 状态连系动词——用来表示主语的状态/性质/身份等，常用的有be。 She is a good swimmer. She is very busy. 2. 持续连系动词——用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或情况，常用的有keep， stay，remain等. Take more exercise and keep fit. He remained silent as usual. 3. 表象系动词——用来表示”似乎/看来”这一概念的词，常用的有seem，appear等。 He seems angry. He didn’t appear surprised at the news. 4. 感官系动词——用来表示人的感觉的连系动词，常用的有feel，look，sound, smell，taste等，其含义见下表： feel 感觉，摸起来 The coat feels soft. 这件外套摸起来柔软。 look 看起来 The girl looks beautiful. 这个女孩看起来漂亮。 smell 闻起来 The fish smells nice. 这鱼闻起来不错。 sound 听起来 The song sounds wonderful. 那首歌听起来很美妙。 taste 尝起来 The cake tastes good. 这个蛋糕尝起来不错。 5. 转变或结果连系动词——有一些连系动词表示主语的性质或状态的变化，常用的有become，get，grow，turn，go等，表示 “变得”。 At the news, she became very angry. 听到这个消息，她变得很生气。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 【拓展】become，get，go，grow，turn的区别： 这几个词用作连系动词时，都可以表示“变成”的意思，但具体用法有所不同。 ①become通常用来表示变化过程已经完成（不表示未来的事），用法比较正式。其后可以跟形容词、名词作表语，主语可以是人也可以是物。 He becomes famous. ②get常接天气的变化，也表示变化的过程已经完成，比become口语化，通常与形容词连用。 The weather is getting warm now. ③go多表示从好的状态变为坏的状态，其后的表语多为mad(疯的)，blind(瞎的)， bad(坏的)等或表示颜色的形容词。 The meat has gone bad in such hot weather. ④grow侧重于“逐渐变成某种状态”。后可接表示人或物特征的形容词，也可接表示天气的形容词作表语。 My younger brother is growing tall. ⑤turn意义上侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可接表示天气的形容词作表语。 Her face turned red. 随堂训练 一．根据句意及汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限 1． She __________(感到开心) when she saw her grandparents yesterday. 2．—Must I finish the work now? —No, you ______________________ (不必)． 3．I think you _______________ (一定饿了). I'll cook dinner for you. 4．—Peter, is the dictionary Mary's? —No, it ____________(不可能是她的). Her dictionary is at home. 5．—Could I have a look at your photos? —Yes, you ________ (能)． 6．I _____________ (能游泳) at the age of five. 书面表达 本单元写作指导 此篇作文以家人及家庭关系为主线，主要谈论每个人的不同家庭生活。 在写作过程中要明确以下几点： （1）你的家庭成员； （2）你在家里需要担负的责任； （3）你家里成员之间的关系。 家是温暖的港湾，是心灵的归宿。但很多青少年与父母的沟通却不如意，甚至产生了很多矛盾。假定你是李华，请根据以下要点写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，针对亲子沟通问题提出建议，帮助同学们排忧解难。 要点 1.沟通的重要性 1)减少学吵； 2)增进理解； 2.提出建议 1)学会领听 2)…… 3)…… 3.结尾 表达鼓励与希望 注意： 1. 80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名： 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 推荐表达： 1.在……方面有困难have trouble in sth./doing sth. 2.毫无疑问……There is no doubt that+句子 3.重要的important =of great importance 4.应该做某事should do=ought to do =be supposed to do 5.最好做某事had better do 6.大多数情况下in most cases 7.和某人意见一致/不一致agree with sb./disagree with sb. 8.和某人有良好的关系have a good relationship with sb. Many teenagers have trouble communicating with their parents.However,there is no doubt that parent-child communication is of great Importance. Unit4 Problems and advice 语法 句子成分和结构 一、句子成分 4种基本成分+2种修饰成分 （一）主语--谓语动作的执行者 （1）The braces hurt my teeth. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主语） （5）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （6）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词作主语） （7）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 –- 主语发出的动作 （当谓语是系动词时，谓语主要说明主语的状态或特征） 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （2） 由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） （三）宾语– 谓语动作的承受者 She is doing her homework now. （名词作宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语（at home）。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring，pass，buy等。如： （1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语前加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing，pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语统称为复合宾语。如： They elected him their monitor. （名词作宾语补足语） They make her happy. （形容词作宾语补足语） Please let him in.（副词作宾语补足语） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式作宾语补足语） We heard her singing a song.（现在分词短语作宾语补足语） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语作宾语补足语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句作宾语补足语） （五）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。一般放在句末，但有时可以放在句首、句中。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，由副词、介词短语、不定式或状语从句等来表示。 He did it carefully. （副词作状语） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. （介词短语作状语） He is proud to pass the national college entrance examination.（不定式作状语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （五）定语 修饰名词，描述该名词的特征。一般放在名词前。 The cute boy is my brother. The cute boy in blue jeans is in my brother. The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. The washing machine doesn’t work. 二、常用基本句型 （一）五种基本句型 基本句型一：S+V（主+谓） eg: Class begins. 基本句型二：S+V+O (主+谓+宾) eg: He plays the piano. 基本句型三：S+V+P (主+系+表) eg: We are students. 基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) eg: She gave me a pen. 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主+谓+宾+宾补) eg: He made the boy laugh. 说明1：主语可以省略；Don’t open the window. 说明2：谓语必不可少；每个句子只能有一个谓语；谓语决定句型； 说明3：动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。 定语主语 + 状语谓语状语 + 定语宾语/表语状语 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 · 时态 · 情态 · 语态 · 否定 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 The cute boy really wants a new book now.状 定 状 定 拓展：英语短语分类 动词短语 put on the coat, read a story, run in the morning, sing a beautiful song …… 介词短语 on the bus, next to, under the box, during the holiday, as an adult …… (注意动词不定式 to do 并不是介词短语) 名词短语 the shops and the coustomers, wonderful paintings, some water …… 形容词/副词短语 clever and helpful, cheerful and exctied, slowly and heavily …… 书面表达 本单元写作指导 在日常生活中，我们经常面对问题或困境。我们可以向父母、朋友或老师求助，也可以给报刊、杂志的建议版面写信或邮件。 问题与建议 假如你是Mandy,你的好友Alice在微信朋友圈发文说最近很烦恼。请你给Alice写一封email,鼓励她振作起来。要点如下： 1.分析Alice不开心的原因(是否与同学相处不好、父母是否要求过高、期中考试的压力等); 2.给她一些建议使她减少压力(至少两点); 3.给她美好的祝福。 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) 推荐表达： ◇ 释放压力release pressure ◇ 期望过高expect too much ◇ 承受太多压力under too much pressure ◇ 缺少自信lack of confidence ◇ 原因状语：because of+n./-ing 参考范文： Dear Alice. I am writing to tell you some ways on how to release pressure. All in all,less pressure,better life! Best wishes to you! Yours, Mandy 随堂训练 1.（22-23九年级上·广东深圳·期中）假如你是某报社的心理辅导老师Miss Pearl，你刚收到读者Eric的来信。信中说，自上了初三，学习任务很繁重。在学校，一天的绝大多数时间是待在教室学习。放学回到家，父母不让看电视、上网，要求在家学习、做作业。因此，这样的生活让他很苦恼，特写信向你求助。针对Eric的来信，请根据下面的提示和要求，用英语给Eric回信。 内容提示： 1. 上课认真听讲，提高学习效率(learning efficiency)；多向班上的优生请教； 2. 保证每天必要的放松，如听音乐、跑步等； 3. 多与父母沟通。 要求： 1. 语言通顺，观点明确，书写工整； 2. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不能出现真实的姓名和校名，可适当发挥。 Dear Eric, I right away realized that you needed help when I read your letter. Now I would like to share something about your problems. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（23-24九年级上·广东广州·期中）假如你是李华，你收到了网友韩梅梅的来信。就读九年级的她在信中陈述了她的困惑。请根据以下思维导图，进行回信。 写作要求：1. 紧扣主题和提示写作，可适当拓展。 2. 词数80左右（信件的开头已给出，不计入词数）。 3. 不得透露学校名称以及个人姓名等信息，否则不予评分。 Dear Meimei, I’ve read your letter. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3.（24-25九年级上·广东深圳·期中）开学以来，一些同学因挑食、爱吃零食、不吃早餐等不良饮食习惯而出现身体不适。针对这一问题，校英语演讲社拟举行一场以“Eat Healthily, Live Happily”为主题的英语演讲比赛。假设你是参赛选手李华，请你根据以下提示，写一篇演讲稿。 1．指出问题； 2．提出建议； 3．美好祝愿。 要求： 1．80词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内）； 2．文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称； 3．可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯； 4．书写规范，卷面整洁。 Eat Healthily, Live Happily Good morning, everyone. These days, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.（24-25九年级上·广东深圳·期中）假设你是李华，你们学校每年都会举办英语周活动。今年英语周的主题为“我为学校献良策（Good advice for our school）”。通过认真观察，你发现了学校的一些现象需要改善，请你给学校校长写一封英文建议信。 要点： 1. 你发现的现象： （1）学校公共区域由清洁工打扫；（2）浪费情况；（3）…… 2. 你的建议： （1）学生参与劳动中，理由是……（2）…… 要求： 1. 80词以上，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 要点齐全，可适当增加细节； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 Dear Head Teacher, I’m a student in Grade Nine. Recently I have found some phenomena (现象) in our school. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope our school will be better and better.   Yours sincerely, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 重点语法、书面表达背默及训练 Unit1 Wise men in history 语法 一．反义疑问句 （一）概念：反义疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作用，一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。 （二）要点注意： 1.反义疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”【前肯后否，前否后肯】。 2.简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。 3.简略问句的主语不用名词，应用人称代词。 4.陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。 （三）用法： 1.陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?　（我和你姐姐一样高，对吗？） 2.陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 如： The old man made no answer, did he? Jim is never late for school, is he? 3.陈述部分有情态动词 have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? used to，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? had better（最好） + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 4.陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿） +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 5.陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 6.陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it? 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (doesn’t he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 7.think引导的宾语从句： A.主语是第一人称 I don't think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, can't she? B. 如果主语不是第一人称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句 He thought they were wrong, didn't he? （不能说weren't they?） 8.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you? Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? 而Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（或用shan't we)? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you （或won't you）? 9.陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? There will not be any trouble, will there? 10.否定前缀（如unhappy, impossible, unbelievble等）不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it? 　 　He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 反意疑问句中的特殊句型总结 前句陈述句 后句反问句 例句 含有否定词 肯定含义 Jim is seldom late for school, is he? 祈使句 will you Don't open the door, will you ? let us will you Let us go to school, will you ? Let’s shall we Let's go to school, shall we ? there be there 代替主语 There's little water in the river, is there ? used to do usedn’t或didn’t Jack used to work on a farm, didn’t he? （四）用法： 遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。 A.一个句子前后保持一致，要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不能出现Yes, I don’t和No, I do的形式。 Beijing is the capital of China, isn’t it? Yes, it is. Beijing isn’t the capital of China, is it? Yes, it is. B.反义疑问句的回答是根据实际情况来回答的。 不用看汉语如何翻译，只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，就用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。 随堂训练 一、把下列句子改为反义疑问句。 1. John's told to be on time for the meeting. (改为反义疑问句） John's told to be on time for the meeting, __________ __________? 2. Your father has never been to Hong Kong. (改为反意疑问句) Your father has never been to Hong Kong, __________ __________? 3. The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday. (改为反意疑问句) The professor will give us a lecture on the effect of green house next Monday, __________ __________? 4. Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years. (改为反意疑问句) Uncle Michael has been a professional F1 driver for many years, __________ __________? 5. There is little time left for us to work out a solution. (改为反意疑问句) There is little time left for us to work out a solution, __________ __________? 6. Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough. (改为反意疑问句) Sometimes best wishes hardly seem enough, __________ __________? 7. Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes. (改为反意疑问句) Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes, __________ __________? 8. Psy (鸟叔) won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award. (改为反意疑问句) Psy won Time Magazine’s Person of the Year Award, __________ __________? 9. My brother has never seen so much snow before. (改为反意疑问句) My brother has never seen so much snow before, __________ __________? 10. The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers. (改为反意疑问句) The government’s set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, __________ __________? 答案：1. hasn’t he 2. has he 3. won’t he 4. hasn’t he 5. is there 6. do they 7. do they 8. didn’t he 9. has he 10. hasn’t it 二．句子类型 陈述句 肯定句 I like ice cream. 否定句 He doesn’t like ice cream. 疑问句 一般疑问句 Do you like ice cream? 特殊疑问句 What do you do when you are free? 反义疑问句 He like ice cream, doesn’t he? 选择疑问句 Would you like to have a cup of coffee or tea? 祈使句 Don’t be late again. 感叹句 What a clever cat it is! （一）句型转换 A、陈述句改一般疑问句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，把be动词, 情态动词或助动词放在句首，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 be动词：is, am, are, was, were 情态动词：can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, need 助动词：do, does, did, [现在完成时中的have, has] 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在句首加Do, Does, Did，其他成分基本不变，句号改为问号。 *既是助动词，也是行为动词 助动词 行为动词 do, does, did 无意义 做 have, has, had 无意义 有 B．陈述句改否定句： 1.若句子含有be动词, 情态动词或助动词，则在这些词后加not，可写成缩写，其他成分基本不变。 2.若句子不含有以上单词，则在主语后加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t，其他成分基本不变。 书面表达 本单元写作指导 本单元侧重介绍历史名人，写作内容需要渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——谈论对人物的描写。 在写作过程中要注意以下几点： （1）可以简单地从相貌描写开始，但是不可以花太多笔墨在相貌上。 （2）可以介绍生平和重大贡献。 （3）结合话题内容，我们在写作过程中要大量用到课文中有关人物的短语。 北宋文豪苏轼在中国文化史上有着举足轻重的地位。为了帮助同学们更好地了解苏轼，你校将于6月24日举办东坡文化节。假设你是学校英文报的通讯员，请你根据以下要点，为此次活动写一篇英文宜传稿。 要点 1.苏轼简介 ①北宋著名诗人，写了很多流传至今的诗歌 ②除了文学，他在书法、绘画等方面也有很高的造诣 ③发明了一些广受欢迎的美食 2.文化节介绍 ①举办文化节的意义：…… ②文化节的活动：诗歌朗诵比赛、…… 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：北宋Northern Song Dynasty 书法calligraphy 东坡肉Dongpo pork 1.在……方面取得很大成就make great achievements in … 2.受欢迎be popular=be in fashion 3.举办活动hold an activity 4.参加活动join in/take part in/participate in an activity 5.举例子such as/like+名词/动名词；For example,+句子 参考范文： Dongpo Culture Festival is coming Su Shi is also known as Su Dongpo.He was a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty.During his life,Su wrote a lot of poems which are read and loved by many people today.Su also made great achievements in calligraphy and painting.Besides,Su created some delicious dishes such as Dongpo pork and Dongpo fish.These dishes are still popular nowadays. Today,Su's works and his spirit have become an important part of traditional Chinese culture.To help students learn more about Su and his life,the Dongpo Culture Festival is going to be held in our school on June 24h.There will be several attractive activities.For example,if you like Su's poems,you can take part in the poetry-reading contest.In our school's theater,you can watch a drama about the life experiences of Su Shi. There will be a lot of fun during the festival.Don't miss it! Unit2 Great minds 语法 非谓语形式---动词不定式 动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。 一、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。 He is always the first（person）to come to school. （主谓关系）她总是第一个到学校（的人）。 I'm the only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系） I have a letter to answer. 我有封信要回。（动宾关系） 二、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。 It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary. 努力学习是有必要的。 It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty. 帮助穷人是他的责任。 【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型： 1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth. 当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever, foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。 It’s very kind of you to do that. 你那样做真好。 It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day. 2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。 It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day.他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。 3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。 It was great fun to have a party there. 在那里举行聚会很有意思。 It was a great pleasure to work with you. 和你们一起工作非常愉快。 三、动词不定式做表语 动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。 Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish. 她的愿望是当一名老师。 Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job. 我们的工作是照顾那些动物。 随堂训练 ( ) 1. ______ the seeds and they will grow. 　　A. Water     B. To water C. Watering     D. Watered ( ) 2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people. 　　A. provide   B. to provide C. providing     D. provided ( ) 3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others. 　　A. set      B. to set C. to be set      D. having set ( ) 4. Please make my excuse at tomorrow’s meeting — I’ve got too much work ______. A. to come   B. coming　 C. to coming   D. come ( ) 5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____ 　　A. to find    B. to have found C. to be found     D. being found ( ) 6. After describing the planned improvements, she went on ______ how much they would cost. A.to explain  B. explaining C. to be explaining  D. having explained ( ) 7. To test eggs, ______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. 　　A. put     B. putting C. to put    D. to be putting ( ) 8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away. 　　A. watering    B. to be watering　 C. to water  D. being watering ( ) 9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes. 　　A. Making    B. To make　 C. To be making     D. Make ( ) 10. I’ve never been so poor ______ able to afford a meal. A.as to be not   B. not as to be C. as not to be   D.as to not be 【答案】ABBAC AACBC 书面表达 本单元写作指导 此篇作文以描述人为主线，主要谈论伟大人物及他们的生活。写此类文章时候，掌握好这些人的介绍和他们的生活方式很关键 在写作过程中要明确以下几点：（蓝笔处为固定模式） （1）介绍伟人的生平。 （2）说说你仰慕伟人的哪些方面或者你从他们的经历中得到的启示。 （3）结合话题内容，我们在写作过程中要大量用到课文中有关人物的短语，并学会用一般过去时态来表达。 袁隆平是世界上最著名的科学家之一，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”,请根据下列提示，写一篇英语短文介绍袁隆平院士。 基本信息 1930年出生于北京 个人经历 1.毕生致力于研究、改进杂交水稻， 2.1950年-1953年，在西南农业学院学习，学习非常努力； 3.1964年，开始进行特殊水稻的研究，并于1974年培育了一种新型水稻； 4.2021年5月逝世于长沙。 主要成就 1.提升水稻产量，解决饥饿问题； 2.2004年，获得“世界粮食奖”(Word Food Prize) 你的感受 ......(至少两点) 参考词汇：杂交水稻hybrid rice;西南农业学院Southwest Agricultural College;产量output 推荐表达： 1.出生于be born in. 2.致力于devote…to 3.培育develop 4.做出巨大贡献make a great contribution 5.被视为be considered/regarded as… Father of Hybrid Rice Scientists serve their countries with passion and contribution.Yuan Longping is one of them. Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930.He devoted his whole life to the career of researching and improving hybrid rice.From 1950 to 1953,he studied in Southwest Agricultural College and worked very hard.In 1964,he started the research of a special rice.With 10 years' effort,he finally developed a new type of rice in 1974.Sadly,such a great man passed away in Changsha in May,2021. He has made a great contribution to agriculture.The output of rice were increased greatly so that farmers could get much more rice than before.He kept the Chinese away from hunger and is considered as "Father of Hybrid Rice",He won the World Food Prize in 2004 for his great contributions, As for me,he is a hero in my heart.I'll always respect him for his love and care for others,as well as pursuing one goal through his whole life. Unit3 Family life 语法 连系动词 一、定义 指连接主语和描述主语的形容词或名词，表示主语身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。连系动词有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构。 二、归类 1. 状态连系动词——用来表示主语的状态/性质/身份等，常用的有be。 She is a good swimmer. She is very busy. 2. 持续连系动词——用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或情况，常用的有keep， stay，remain等. Take more exercise and keep fit. He remained silent as usual. 3. 表象系动词——用来表示”似乎/看来”这一概念的词，常用的有seem，appear等。 He seems angry. He didn’t appear surprised at the news. 4. 感官系动词——用来表示人的感觉的连系动词，常用的有feel，look，sound, smell，taste等，其含义见下表： feel 感觉，摸起来 The coat feels soft. 这件外套摸起来柔软。 look 看起来 The girl looks beautiful. 这个女孩看起来漂亮。 smell 闻起来 The fish smells nice. 这鱼闻起来不错。 sound 听起来 The song sounds wonderful. 那首歌听起来很美妙。 taste 尝起来 The cake tastes good. 这个蛋糕尝起来不错。 5. 转变或结果连系动词——有一些连系动词表示主语的性质或状态的变化，常用的有become，get，grow，turn，go等，表示 “变得”。 At the news, she became very angry. 听到这个消息，她变得很生气。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。 【拓展】become，get，go，grow，turn的区别： 这几个词用作连系动词时，都可以表示“变成”的意思，但具体用法有所不同。 ①become通常用来表示变化过程已经完成（不表示未来的事），用法比较正式。其后可以跟形容词、名词作表语，主语可以是人也可以是物。 He becomes famous. ②get常接天气的变化，也表示变化的过程已经完成，比become口语化，通常与形容词连用。 The weather is getting warm now. ③go多表示从好的状态变为坏的状态，其后的表语多为mad(疯的)，blind(瞎的)， bad(坏的)等或表示颜色的形容词。 The meat has gone bad in such hot weather. ④grow侧重于“逐渐变成某种状态”。后可接表示人或物特征的形容词，也可接表示天气的形容词作表语。 My younger brother is growing tall. ⑤turn意义上侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可接表示天气的形容词作表语。 Her face turned red. 随堂训练 一．根据句意及汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限 1． She __________(感到开心) when she saw her grandparents yesterday. 2．—Must I finish the work now? —No, you ______________________ (不必)． 3．I think you _______________ (一定饿了). I'll cook dinner for you. 4．—Peter, is the dictionary Mary's? —No, it ____________(不可能是她的). Her dictionary is at home. 5．—Could I have a look at your photos? —Yes, you ________ (能)． 6．I _____________ (能游泳) at the age of five.  【答案】 1 felt happy 2 needn’t/ don’t have to 3 must be hungry 4 can’t be hers 5 can 6 could swim 书面表达 本单元写作指导 此篇作文以家人及家庭关系为主线，主要谈论每个人的不同家庭生活。 在写作过程中要明确以下几点： （1）你的家庭成员； （2）你在家里需要担负的责任； （3）你家里成员之间的关系。 家是温暖的港湾，是心灵的归宿。但很多青少年与父母的沟通却不如意，甚至产生了很多矛盾。假定你是李华，请根据以下要点写一篇短文向校英文报投稿，针对亲子沟通问题提出建议，帮助同学们排忧解难。 要点 1.沟通的重要性 1)减少学吵； 2)增进理解； 2.提出建议 1)学会领听 2)…… 3)…… 3.结尾 表达鼓励与希望 注意： 1. 80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名： 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 推荐表达： 1.在……方面有困难have trouble in sth./doing sth. 2.毫无疑问……There is no doubt that+句子 3.重要的important =of great importance 4.应该做某事should do=ought to do =be supposed to do 5.最好做某事had better do 6.大多数情况下in most cases 7.和某人意见一致/不一致agree with sb./disagree with sb. 8.和某人有良好的关系have a good relationship with sb. 参考范文； Many teenagers have trouble communicating with their parents.However,there is no doubt that parent-child communication is of great Importance.With good communication,they can not only have fewer quarrels but also understand each other better. Here are some methods that can help us communicate better with our parents.First and foremost,we are supposed to listen patiently to what our parents say.In addition,it's a good idea to regularly share our stories with them.In most cases,the reason why our parents can’t understand us is that they don't know what we are going through.Last but not least,when we disagree with our parents,we had better calm down first since losing our tempers will only make things worse. With a little hard work,we can all have a good relationship with our parents.I sincerely hope my advice will be helpful. Unit4 Problems and advice 语法 句子成分和结构 一、句子成分 4种基本成分+2种修饰成分 （一）主语--谓语动作的执行者 （1）The braces hurt my teeth. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主语） （5）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （6）The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词作主语） （7）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 –- 主语发出的动作 （当谓语是系动词时，谓语主要说明主语的状态或特征） 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （2） 由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） （三）宾语– 谓语动作的承受者 She is doing her homework now. （名词作宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语（at home）。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring，pass，buy等。如： （1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语前加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing，pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成： （5）She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语统称为复合宾语。如： They elected him their monitor. （名词作宾语补足语） They make her happy. （形容词作宾语补足语） Please let him in.（副词作宾语补足语） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式作宾语补足语） We heard her singing a song.（现在分词短语作宾语补足语） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语作宾语补足语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句作宾语补足语） （五）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。一般放在句末，但有时可以放在句首、句中。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，由副词、介词短语、不定式或状语从句等来表示。 He did it carefully. （副词作状语） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. （介词短语作状语） He is proud to pass the national college entrance examination.（不定式作状语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） （五）定语 修饰名词，描述该名词的特征。一般放在名词前。 The cute boy is my brother. The cute boy in blue jeans is in my brother. The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans is my brother. The washing machine doesn’t work. 二、常用基本句型 （一）五种基本句型 基本句型一：S+V（主+谓） eg: Class begins. 基本句型二：S+V+O (主+谓+宾) eg: He plays the piano. 基本句型三：S+V+P (主+系+表) eg: We are students. 基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) eg: She gave me a pen. 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主+谓+宾+宾补) eg: He made the boy laugh. 说明1：主语可以省略；Don’t open the window. 说明2：谓语必不可少；每个句子只能有一个谓语；谓语决定句型； 说明3：动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。 定语主语 + 状语谓语状语 + 定语宾语/表语状语 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 · 时态 · 情态 · 语态 · 否定 · 名词/代词 · doing · to do · 并列多个 The cute boy really wants a new book now.状 定 状 定 拓展：英语短语分类 动词短语 put on the coat, read a story, run in the morning, sing a beautiful song …… 介词短语 on the bus, next to, under the box, during the holiday, as an adult …… (注意动词不定式 to do 并不是介词短语) 名词短语 the shops and the coustomers, wonderful paintings, some water …… 形容词/副词短语 clever and helpful, cheerful and exctied, slowly and heavily …… 书面表达 本单元写作指导 在日常生活中，我们经常面对问题或困境。我们可以向父母、朋友或老师求助，也可以给报刊、杂志的建议版面写信或邮件。 问题与建议 假如你是Mandy,你的好友Alice在微信朋友圈发文说最近很烦恼。请你给Alice写一封email,鼓励她振作起来。要点如下： 1.分析Alice不开心的原因(是否与同学相处不好、父母是否要求过高、期中考试的压力等); 2.给她一些建议使她减少压力(至少两点); 3.给她美好的祝福。 注意： 1.80词左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数); 2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥； 3.不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 参考词汇：WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) 推荐表达： ◇ 释放压力release pressure ◇ 期望过高expect too much ◇ 承受太多压力under too much pressure ◇ 缺少自信lack of confidence ◇ 原因状语：because of+n./-ing 参考范文： Dear Alice. I am writing to tell you some ways on how to release pressure. I read your WeChat Moments.I know you are under too much pressure.Maybe you don't get on well with your classmates.Maybe your parents expect too much,which makes you feel stressed.Maybe you worry about the mid-term exam because of lack of confidence. Here are some suggestions for you to release pressure.I think you can communicate with your classmates or parents.They were once young like you,so they can understand you better.Besides,I suggest you should take part in more school activities,which are helpful to you both physically and mentally.Of course,it's a good idea to relax yourself on weekends by hanging out with friends,watching a movie or having a meal outside and so on. All in all,less pressure,better life! Best wishes to you! Yours, Mandy 随堂训练 1.（22-23九年级上·广东深圳·期中）假如你是某报社的心理辅导老师Miss Pearl，你刚收到读者Eric的来信。信中说，自上了初三，学习任务很繁重。在学校，一天的绝大多数时间是待在教室学习。放学回到家，父母不让看电视、上网，要求在家学习、做作业。因此，这样的生活让他很苦恼，特写信向你求助。针对Eric的来信，请根据下面的提示和要求，用英语给Eric回信。 内容提示： 1. 上课认真听讲，提高学习效率(learning efficiency)；多向班上的优生请教； 2. 保证每天必要的放松，如听音乐、跑步等； 3. 多与父母沟通。 要求： 1. 语言通顺，观点明确，书写工整； 2. 80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 文中不能出现真实的姓名和校名，可适当发挥。 Dear Eric, I right away realized that you needed help when I read your letter. Now I would like to share something about your problems. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文： Dear Eric, I right away realized that you needed help when I read your letter. Now I would like to share something about your problems. During the last school year of your junior high school, studies have been so heavy that you can hardly breathe. Therefore, reducing stress seems more important. Meanwhile, you should study hard. First, you should improve learning efficiency. That is to say, you must listen carefully in class. When you face problems, you can ask the excellent students for help. In addition, relaxing yourself is also important. You can listen to music or play sports. Most importantly, you must communicate more with your parents. In my opinion, communication is a useful way to solve problems. Yours, Miss Pearl 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意结合提示要点进行写作，针对Eric的问题，用英语给Eric回信。可适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。首先介绍一下Eric遇到的问题来引出重点介绍的内容； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。具体介绍Eric在初三遇到的问题以及解决措施； 第三步，书写结语。表达“沟通是解决问题的有效方法。”的观点。 [亮点词汇] ①would like to do sth.想要做某事 ②therefore因此 ③in addition此外 ④ask sb. for help向某人寻求帮助 [高分句型] ①Studies have been so heavy that you can hardly breathe.（so…that…引导结果状语从句） ②Therefore, reducing stress seems more important.（动名词作主语） 2.（23-24九年级上·广东广州·期中）假如你是李华，你收到了网友韩梅梅的来信。就读九年级的她在信中陈述了她的困惑。请根据以下思维导图，进行回信。 写作要求：1. 紧扣主题和提示写作，可适当拓展。 2. 词数80左右（信件的开头已给出，不计入词数）。 3. 不得透露学校名称以及个人姓名等信息，否则不予评分。 Dear Meimei, I’ve read your letter. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文： Dear Meimei, I’ve read your letter. You said you were worried about your studies and couldn’t fall asleep. You have trouble making friends and feel lonely. Firstly, I suggest that you don’t have to worry about studying. As long as you work hard, no matter what your grades are, you must willingly accept them. If your grades are not very ideal, you can continue to study hard in the future. Secondly, for making friends, I suggest you join some clubs. You can make some friends who share common interests with you. Finally, I believe that as long as you believe in yourself, you will definitely succeed. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】[总体分析] 题材：本文是一篇书信作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏提示中的要点，可适当添加细节，并突出写作要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍Meimei存在的问题； 第二步，具体提出解决问题的方法； 第三步，表达对未来的期望。 [亮点词汇] ①be worried about担心…… ②have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难 ③as long as 只要 [高分句型] ①As long as you work hard, no matter what your grades are, you must willingly accept them.（as long as引导的条件状语从句） ②You can make some friends who share common interests with you.（含有限定性定语从句的复合句） 3.（24-25九年级上·广东深圳·期中）开学以来，一些同学因挑食、爱吃零食、不吃早餐等不良饮食习惯而出现身体不适。针对这一问题，校英语演讲社拟举行一场以“Eat Healthily, Live Happily”为主题的英语演讲比赛。假设你是参赛选手李华，请你根据以下提示，写一篇演讲稿。 1．指出问题； 2．提出建议； 3．美好祝愿。 要求： 1．80词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内）； 2．文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称； 3．可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯； 4．书写规范，卷面整洁。 Eat Healthily, Live Happily Good morning, everyone. These days, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Eat Healthily, Live Happily Good morning, everyone. These days, many students have developed unhealthy eating habits, such as being picky eaters, loving snacks, and skipping breakfast. These habits can lead to health issues like fatigue and poor concentration. To improve our health, I suggest we maintain a balanced diet, including all essential nutrients, and eat regular meals, especially breakfast. Avoid too many snacks or fast food. Let’s choose health, and happiness will follow. I hope we can all live a healthy and joyful life. Thank you! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出主题，指出学生们的问题； 第二步，针对问题提出建议，以及表达美好的祝愿。 [亮点词汇] ①such as比如 ②lead to导致 ③essential必不可少的 [高分句型] ①To improve our health, I suggest we maintain a balanced diet, including all essential nutrients, and eat regular meals, especially breakfast.（不定式表目的） ②I hope we can all live a healthy and joyful life.（宾语从句） 4.（24-25九年级上·广东深圳·期中）假设你是李华，你们学校每年都会举办英语周活动。今年英语周的主题为“我为学校献良策（Good advice for our school）”。通过认真观察，你发现了学校的一些现象需要改善，请你给学校校长写一封英文建议信。 要点： 1. 你发现的现象： （1）学校公共区域由清洁工打扫；（2）浪费情况；（3）…… 2. 你的建议： （1）学生参与劳动中，理由是……（2）…… 要求： 1. 80词以上，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 要点齐全，可适当增加细节； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。 Dear Head Teacher, I’m a student in Grade Nine. Recently I have found some phenomena (现象) in our school. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope our school will be better and better.   Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】例文： Dear Head Teacher, I’m a student in Grade Nine. Recently I have found some phenomena in our school. Firstly, the public areas are cleaned only by the janitors, which might lead to a lack of responsibility among students. Secondly, there is noticeable waste of resources like water and electricity. To address these issues, I suggest that students should participate in cleaning activities. This will not only instill a sense of responsibility but also promote teamwork. Additionally, we could organize campaigns to raise awareness about conserving resources. Hope our school will be better and better. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇书信作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“要点”中的关键信息，写信给校长，谈谈自己发现的学校里需要改善的现象并给出建议。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题，发现一些现象； 第二步，具体介绍发现的现象并给出建议； 第三步，收尾，表达对学习的美好祝愿。 [亮点词汇] ①lead to 导致 ②participate in 参加 [高分句型] ①Firstly, the public areas are cleaned only by the janitors, which might lead to a lack of responsibility among students.（which引导定语从句） ②Secondly, there is noticeable waste of resources like water and electricity.（there be句型） 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $