专题05 阅读理解（说明文+议论文）（期中真题汇编，北京专用）八年级英语上学期

专题05 阅读理解 说明文+议论文 主题01 人与社会——科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京通州区·期中） Screen Time and Children As children grow and develop, they can be easily influenced (影响) by what they see and hear, especially from digital media Digital media can be TV, the Internet, and smart phones. Some programs can be educational. But many children watch too much digital media. Some programs can show children bad things that parents don’t want them to learn, or that can cause fear. Digital media may also show children poor eating habits through commercials (广告). Too much time on TV can take away from reading, studying, learning activities, play, and exercise. Digital media can also show drinking wine and smoking. Children may see these things before they are ready to understand them and before they can make good decisions (决定). Parents can do something to help decrease the effects (影响) of digital media. They can pay attention to the type of program and limit (限制) children’s screen (屏幕) time. Here are some ways for setting good viewing (观看) habits: Choose programs for children to watch. Always plan what children will be watching. Don’t turn on TV randomly (随意地). Give choices between 2 programs parents think are good for their children. Limit screen time to 1 or 2 hours a day for children older than 2 years. Scientists advise that children younger than 2 years should not watch digital media. Turn to educational shows such as the Discovery Channel, Learning Channel, or History Channel. Watch programs with children. Talk about what happened on the show. Talk about what was good or bad about the program. Talk about the difference between reality and make-believe. Parents should be a good example to their children by not watching too much TV or digital media. Limit their own screen time. When the daytime programs are not suitable for children, try other activities, especially reading. Read to children instead of watching TV. Plan other fun activities for children, so they have choices instead of screen time. Try a trip to the park, a festival, a playground, or a visit to a relative’s or friend’s house instead. Don’t watch TV or use phones during meals. 1．The writer thinks _________. A．children are easy to be influenced by TV programs B．all the programs are good for children’s development C．TV commercials can give children better choices on food D．screen time can improve children’s reading ability 2．The word “decrease” in Paragraph 3 most probably means __________. A．fit B．improve C．lower D．support 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Children can choose 2 programs they like. B．Children younger than 2 years can watch TV for 2 hours. C．Parents shouldn’t watch TV with children because they have different interests. D．Watching TV with children can help stop the bad effects of TV on them. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To explain the bad effects of watching TV. B．To tell some ways for setting good viewing habits. C．To show the importance of choosing right TV programs. D．To share the experience of using digital media. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京北师大附中·期中） Why Can’t I Get This Song Out of My Head? “I Remember Everything is my favorite song. It’s soft and touching. But I have had it stuck (停留) in my head for two weeks and it’s making me crazy. Why is this happening?” asked a 7th grade student. You’re not alone! This is a common thing called an “earworm” and it can happen to people all the time. Scientists are trying to find out why earworms happen. One thing they know is that songs that get stuck in our heads are usually ones we’ve listened to not long ago. But it can also happen if you hear a word or a sound that reminds you of a song. Some songs are more likely to get stuck in our heads. For example, songs with a fast beat seem to stick more easily. The more we hear a song, the more likely it is to become an earworm. “Yet songs usually only tend to cause earworms when you’re doing certain kinds of activities,” Dr. Hyman said. In one of his studies, researchers had participants (参与者) listen to a well-known song. The next day, the researchers asked them under what situation the song went back into their heads. The results showed that songs were most likely to appear as earworms when the tasks caused a wandering mind. “Such activities can include walking, showering or doing dishes.” Dr. Hyman said. But more difficult tasks, like hard schoolwork, can also cause a wandering mind. The reason could be that we have more space in our brain for earworms when we aren’t totally focused on the task at hand. Now, you might be wondering how to get rid of an earworm. One thing you can try is chewing gum (口香糖). Maybe it’s because chewing gum uses up the same parts of the brain that play the earworm. Another idea is to change your state of mind. Talking to someone you don’t know very well might help you forget the earworm. The next time you have a song stuck in your head, remember that it’s a common thing. And keep exploring and find which way works best for you! Remember, earworms are a part of life, and they show that our brains are remembering things. It’s all part of the fascinating way our minds work. 5．Why does the writer use the example of the 7th grade student in Paragraph 1? A．To share a beautiful song. B．To introduce the idea of earworms. C．To prove earworms happen to everyone. D．To describe a problem of junior students. 6．Dr. Hyman’s research in Paragraph 5 is to ________. A．look into how popular songs lead to earworms B．explain why certain songs cause earworms easily C．come up with useful ways to get rid of earworms D．find out when earworms are more likely to happen 7．What does the word “wandering” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．less focused B．more forgetful C．clearer D．more creative 8．What can we learn from the passage about earworms? A．Earworms only happen when we have nothing to do. B．Talking to friends can help us forget the earworm. C．Even just a sound of a song can lead to earworms. D．Slow and soft songs are more likely to cause earworms. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京汇文中学教育集团·期中） Do you eat fish every week? Do you think eating fish may help protect our brains from air pollution? A new research studied some older women, who lived in places with high levels(等级) of air pollution. They found that those who had the lowest levels of omega-3 fatty acids(w-3脂肪酸) in their body had more brain shrinkage(脑萎缩) than women who had the highest levels. “Fish is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids and easy to add to the diet,” said Ka He from Columbia University. “Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to maintain brain structure(保持脑部结构) in aging brains. They have also been found to reduce brain damage caused by some neurotoxins(神经毒素). So we did the research to see if omega-3 fatty acids could help protect our brains from a certain toxin in air pollution.” The research studied 1,315 women with an average age of 70. Researchers asked the women how much fish they had each week and tested the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood. The researchers also used the women’s home addresses to work out their three-year average exposure to air pollution, and then scanned(扫描)different areas of the women’s brains to see the change in the structure. After adjusting for(调控) age, education, smoking and other factors that could affect(影响) brain shrinkage, researchers found that women who had the highest levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood had less change in white matter and hippocampus than those with the lowest levels, which are associated with signal sending and memory. “ It’s important to note that our study only found an association(联系) between maintaining brain structure and eating fish,” he said, “Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood from eating fish may help maintain brain structure as women grow older and possibly fight against the bad effects of air pollution. However, more research is still needed.” 9．In the third paragraph, the writer shows us ________. A．when the study was planned B．why researchers did the study C．how the study was performed D．what researchers found in the study 10．What can we learn from the study? A．Women have more brain shrinkage than men. B．Fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids has fewer neurotoxins. C．White matter and hippocampus can protect themselves from neurotoxins. D．High levels of omega-3 fatty acids may help fight against brain shrinkage. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Does eating fish protect our brains from air pollution? B．How do aging brains affect older women’s thinking? C．Why can omega-3 fatty acids improve our memory? D．Can older women live longer by eating fish? 主题02 人与自然——人与动植物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京第二中学教育集团·期中） How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? I believe the answer must be “YES”. We should walk into nature so that we can enjoy the natural beauties around. Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century. As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr. Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a math test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people’s in the other group. The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. The natural world allows our brains to rest and slow down, and can trigger (触发) positive feelings and a sense of peace. Being in nature can leave us feeling happier and less stressed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks. Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai, for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. And South Korea is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. Being close to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature. Nature holds a special kind of energy; it is pure and wild and spirit-renewing. In a word, the human being cannot live without nature, and Mother Nature makes us grow stronger. 12．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．A problem in the 21st century. B．How much time we spend outdoors. C．Visiting your local parks. D．Feeling about nature. 13．What do the results of the studies chow? A．More and more Canadians will live near parks. B．The math test is difficult and makes people nervous. C．Nature can help people feel more relaxed and be healthier. D．People’s heart rates get slower in a 3D virtual reality room. 14．What can we learn from the last sentence of the passage? A．Nature is more important than cities. B．Country life is healthier than city life. C．People have lived in the cities for so long D．Nature should be part of people’s daily life. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴区·期中） Do you know what the world’s fastest animal is? How about the world’s smartest animal? Do you know which animal lives the longest? Let’s read about some of these amazing animals. You probably know that the world’s fastest animal is the cheetah (猎豹). Cheetahs can run at about 120 kilometers an hour. However,they can only run at that speed (速度) for about 60 seconds. When cheetahs are running at that speed, they spend more time in the air than on the ground. The largest animal in the world is the blue whale. Here’s an interesting fact about these giant animals. They aren’t just the largest species (物种) right now. They are the largest animals that have ever existed (存在) on the earth. Blue whales are about 38 meters long, and they weigh around 170 tons. Blue whales eat about 3,600 kilograms of food every day. Of course, the smartest animals in the world are humans. The second smartest animal is the chimpanzee (黑猩猩). Chimps can make tools and build things. They can also solve (解决) problems. Some scientists have ever taught chimps sign language. Sign language is using your hands to make words and communicate (交流). Other very smart animals are dolphins and parrots. Most people believe that tortoises live the longest. It’s true that tortoises live longer than other animals on land. The oldest tortoises that we know about died at the age of 188. However, some ocean animals live longer. Some koi, a kind of goldfish, can live for more than 200 years. There’s even a kind of jellyfish that can change its cells (细胞) and make them new again. This means that whenever the jellyfish gets old and weak, it can make itself young again! The nickname of this jellyfish is “immortal jellyfish”. The most poisonous (有毒的) animal is also a jellyfish. In the last 60 years, box jellyfish have killed more than 5,500 people. If a person is stung by a box jellyfish, he or she must get help at once. Otherwise, that person’s chance of survival (存活) is almost zero. 15．What can we know from the passage? A．Cheetahs run faster than any other animal in the world. B．A chimp speaks the same simple words as a parrot does. C．Blue whales live much longer than tortoises in the ocean. D．A jellyfish isn’t so poisonous as the snakes on the earth. 16．According to the passage, the underlined word “immortal” describes _______. A．something is in great danger B．something can live forever C．something is similar to humans D．something can change its colour 17．What is the passage mainly about? A．The experience of helping humans live a long life. B．The importance of taking good care of the animals. C．Good ways of saving people’s lives from jellyfish. D．Some of the most amazing animals on the earth. 主题03 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山区·期中） Gather together some good friends and take a walk through the streets. This is what many young people in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. To them, city walk means “hanging around the city” on foot. They often explore (探索) old buildings or small shops, and enjoy a cup of coffee or local (当地的) snacks. City walk offers them a way to communicate with a city. It also gives them a chance to meet new people. It can be a guided trip for a small group of people or simply a relaxing walk for one or two. They follow one rule: keep away from famous places and big crowds. In China, the city walk has become popular and has spread from Beijing and Shanghai to smaller cities. Xiao Yiyi is a young woman living in Changsha. Recently she started six city walk trips in different cities. Her plan is to provide (提供) experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha trip includes (包括) more special sights, such as historical buildings from the 19th century and old streets. They even stop to taste the local spicy crayfish (麻辣小龙虾) along the way. Her group is usually made up of about six people. Her events last about half a day. Some cities, such as Beijing, have included city walks in their plans to help develop cultural tourism. Shanghai has created city walk trips and is trying to help tourists reach much farther places by public transport. Now, the idea of a city walk is new to most Chinese people. However, people working in the tourist industry believe it has a bright future. Zhang Zhi is a tour guide from Beijing. He said that tourists nowadays are paying more attention to personalized travel services (服务). Many tour guides are also sharing their city walk experiences online to attract (吸引) more customers. 18．Which activity can be called city walk according to the passage? A．Visiting new buildings. B．Walking through old streets. C．Taking a bus ride. D．Going to famous places. 19．What can we learn from the passage? A．City Walk will be more popular with the help of the Internet. B．City Walk seldom helps to learn about the history of a city. C．City Walk is usually a big group trip with a tour guide. D．City Walk is not a choice to visit smaller cities. 20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．City Walk Takes Time B．How to Go for A City Walk C．City Walk Draws More People D．What People Need for A City Walk 主题01 人与社会——时代变迁 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京第三十五中学·期中） Greenland is the largest island in the world but has a small population of 56,000. Many of these “Greenlanders” live close to the coastline because a large part of the country is covered with ice and glaciers (冰川). Since the 1960s, the country has had economic (经济) difficulties and social problems. Its traditional industry (产业)—and its biggest—is fishing, but the country still needs to buy much more from other countries. Now, however, life is about to change greatly for many Greenlanders—and all because of the weather.   Most scientists agree that the world is getting warmer and you can already see the difference in Greenland. For example, small icebergs—about the size of city buses—are going to the coast. They have broken off from much larger areas of ice further out in the sea because of the change in temperature. Furthermore, the huge sheet of ice covering Greenland is getting smaller by about 75 cubic kilometres each year. If all of Greenland’s ice melted (融化), sea levels across the world would rise by 7.5 metres. One industry taking advantage of the melting ice is the oil industry. Nowadays, the sea around the west coast of Greenland has no ice for six months of the year. Oil companies plan to drill for oil there in the next few years. Greenlanders have mixed (混合的) feelings about it. The country’s prime minister, Kuupik Kleist, describes the dilemma: “Greenlanders are the ones most exposed (受影响) to climate change, but we need a strong economy and we have to make good use of the chance that oil could bring us …” Farming will also change. The growing season is longer with springs arriving earlier and summers ending later. On the one hand, if the country produced more of its own food, it wouldn’t need to buy so much from other countries. On the other hand, some farmers are worried that the drier summers might bring new problems. For example, last year, it was so dry that farmers produced half the normal amount of food. Farming families usually celebrate the beginning of summer by singing a traditional song. The song is about the importance of summer in a place where, in the past, the winters were long and the summers were short. As nature and the weather changes in Greenland, they might not sing this song in a hundred years’ time.  Summer, summer, how wonderful! How incredibly good! The cold is gone, The cold is gone… 21．What can we learn about Greenland? A．Life will become quite different. B．The population will grow smaller. C．People will be poorer and poorer. D．The ice and glaciers will get larger. 22．The word dilemma in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．great chances B．fast development C．difficult situation D．economic problems 23．Why did the farmers sing the traditional song in the past? A．To show thanks to the old times. B．To say goodbye to the dry season. C．To invite their friends to get together. D．To give a warm welcome to summer. 24．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Rising sea levels B．The advantages of melting ice C．Changing Greenland D．Different weather in Greenland 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴区·期中） Sometimes, city streets are jammed (拥堵) with cars and buses crowded with people. Take a closer look, and you might see quite a few people riding their bicycles to work or school. The number of bikes has more than tripled (翻三倍) over the last twenty years. All over the world, the factories build three times more bikes than cars. Why do so many Americans like to ride bikes? Biking is a fun way to get outdoors and to exercise. More people have found out that on a bike, they can get in good shape and get where they need to go at the same time. In fact, nearly five million Americans usually go to work on their bicycles. Two major bike-to-work cities are Tucson, Arizona, and San Diego, California. In these areas, warm weather makes year-round biking possible. To our surprise, rainy Seattle, Washington has the second highest number of bicycle users in the country. All the cities are taking the competition to make the ride easier. More bike riders mean fewer cars. Fewer cars mean less of a need for new roads. Creating bike path or “Bike Only” lanes (带) on street is far less expensive than building roads. Governments (政府) in Portland, Oregon, came up with a special idea. They wanted to encourage (鼓励) people to bike around the town instead of driving cars. So the city rounded up used bikes that people would have just thrown away. They got them repaired (修理) and painted them yellow. Then they put the yellow bikes around the city and spread (扩散) the world that they were free for anyone to use. When borrowers reach the place where they plan to go,they just leave the bike for someone else. People are riding the bikes all over the Portland. The public bike stations are growing quickly as more people offer their old bikes. Will your town be next? About 50 cities have asked Portland how to start their own public pedal-power program! All of these healthy bikers help create a healthier environment (环境). When it comes to planet-friendly modes of transportation (交通模式), you can’t beat a bike. Unlike cars, bikes burn no fossil fuels (燃料) and it can make the air cleaner. So far, computer-aided design and new technologies (技术) have helped create a new type of bicycles that make riding safer, easier, and a lot more fun. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．More and more people are using bikes to exercise in the open air. B．It’s easy for the people in big cities to buy bikes at the lowest price. C．The weather is very fine for riding bikes in Seattle all the year round. D．American people usually ride bikes to keep away from the traffic jams. 26．The bike riders in America find out that . A．taking a car is more expensive than riding a bike in most of the countries B．it’s much safer to ride on the bike path or “Bike Only” lane in the cities C．cycling makes them have a good health and travel around the city easily D．it’s necessary for everyone to paint bikes yellow and follow the traffic rules 27．From the passage, many cities in America are trying to . A．ask people to travel around by public transportation B．learn from Portland to start the pedal-power program C．create new types of cars to take the place of old ones D．build more sports centers to help keep people’s health 28．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell the reasons why so many Americans like riding bikes. B．To show it’s very important to do outdoor exercise in big cities. C．To point out the difference between big cities and the countryside. D．To ask more people to ride bikes to help create healthier environment. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京第一零一中学·期中） Like most people, you’ve probably never given your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, a second thought, unless you have diabetes (糖尿病). Diabetes is a disease that occurs (出现) when your blood glucose is too high. But researchers now know that whether or not you have diabetes, eating too much can make your blood glucose go up and down. Also, it can increase the danger of heart disease. It may be even bad for your memory. This realization has greatly changed the way we understand food and health. Luckily, none of these things happen overnight, and even small changes in the food you eat every day can start you on a healthier path. When you are hungry, do you reach for a chocolate cake or a box of biscuits? These “fast-acting” foods are handy and they take no time at all to dissolve (溶化) in your stomach. Then they race into your blood, running through your body with blood glucose. They can provide energy quickly but the effect doesn’t last long, leaving you feeling hungry again. As a result, your blood glucose will run out of control. It’s no wonder most of us have less energy than we’d like and feel tired too often. It’s also no wonder that most of us weigh more than we want to. Yes, eating too much and exercising too little are main reasons, and ever changing blood glucose will send you shopping for bigger jeans. For most of us, even when our blood glucose goes up and down after a large meal, our body can bring it back to normal (常态) in a few hours. Only people with untreated diabetes have blood glucose levels that stay quite high most of the time. For a long time, doctors thought that only these people needed to take care of their blood glucose levels. Now, we know that even in the healthy people, high levels after meals can damage (损坏) the body, even if it never causes diabetes. 29．After eating too much, our blood glucose will ________. A．keep unchanged B．stay on high levels C．go up and down D．come back to normal 30．What are fast-acting foods? A．They are easy to get and can provide energy quickly. B．They make your blood glucose stay in control. C．They are unhealthy and we can’t eat them at all. D．They can make you feel hungry less often. 31．What can you learn from the passage? A．People without diabetes needn’t care about the food they take in. B．People should make great changes to start a healthier path. C．People should care about their blood glucose to keep healthy. D．People weigh more than they want because they exercise too much. 32．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show people the possible effects of having fast-acting foods often. B．To help people realize the importance of keeping blood glucose normal. C．To introduce the damage resulted from diabetes and high blood glucose. D．To warn people of the danger of having diabetes and heart disease. 主题03 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京第二十中学·期中） Do you have good friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you? It turns out that this isn’t just an expression. A study by Yale University has found that you and your friends have more genes (基因) in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match. “1% of genes may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a larger number,” Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you. So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution (进化) that brings you together. “People who share certain genes also share skills and have common likes and dislikes,” researchers said. In the old days, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who were easily influenced by the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to stay alive. Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to the same environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes (咖啡馆) more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other. With their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”. It can help tell how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes. So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance (提前) who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to learn about it by yourself and let time be the judge? 33．From the passage, we know that friends _________. A．look like our cousins B．share 1% of genes with us C．feel close to our family D．can help us when we feel cold 34．The writer takes the example of people in the old days in Paragraph 4 to _________. A．study how people dealt with the cold in the old days B．predict that the same environments lead to friendship C．show that it is evolution that brings friends together D．explain why people gave each other chance to keep alive 35．The underlined word “alike” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_________”. A．kind B．similar C．smart D．different 36．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Friendship: Its Influence on People and Behavior. B．Friendship: Its Benefits to Teens and Decision Making. C．Friendship: Is It Necessary to Be Judged by Time? D．Friendship: Is It Possible to Be Influenced by Genes? 主题03 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京汇文中学教育集团·期中） I have a question for all of us. Is all winning success? Winning is really, really fun. But I am here to share my idea: Winning does not always equal success. All around the world, we have created the win-at-all-cost culture. As a society, we honor the champion (冠军). We cheer for those people who win championships. Winning at all costs has become acceptable. We have become so focused on that end result instead of the process, and particularly when the end result is a win, usually how we got there often gets swept under the proverbial rug. We need to redefine (重新定义) success. Real success is developing champions in life for our world, win or lose. We may be able to plan our way to a win, but we can’t plan our way to success. Back to 1990, when I was first made the head coach of the UCLA Women’s Gymnastics Team, the best I could do was what other “successful” coaches had done. So, I became tough-talking and mean. I acted like a head coach whose only thought was to figure out how to win. After putting up with me for a few years, our team asked me for a team meeting. And for over two hours, they gave me examples of how my arrogance (傲慢) was hurtful. That was my time-out, and I chose to change. I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won. It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate (激励) someone to be better. And the motivation takes a really long time to take root. The key ingredient was to develop trust through patience and honesty. Let’s think about what you are talking with your parents on the car ride home. Are they focusing on the end result? Are you excited to use that time to show you are a winner? All of you care too much about the end result instead of your steps of learning. We are all coaches in some ways. We all have the responsibility to develop champions in life for our world. That is what real success looks like, and that is what we call a win-win. 37．The underlined phrase “gets swept under the proverbial rug” probably means “_________”. A．shows the result B．does some harm C．catches little attention D．decides the success 38．The writer mentions his experience as the head coach to show _________. A．it’s difficult to be a coach B．how his team won championships C．why his team asked him for a meeting D．it’s better to motivate others than to give orders 39．Which of the following is a real success in life? A．A kid who shows the medals and prizes he won to his parents. B．A player who tries to win a gold medal at the cost of his health. C．A coach who respects his members even though the team didn’t win. D．A parent who keeps asking about the grades his kid gets in the exams. 40．The writer probably agrees that _________. A．we shouldn’t plan for the end result B．winning doesn’ t always mean success C．a good coach often wants his team to win D．it’ s time for us to change the way we live / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 阅读理解 说明文+议论文 主题01 人与社会——科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京通州区·期中） Screen Time and Children As children grow and develop, they can be easily influenced (影响) by what they see and hear, especially from digital media Digital media can be TV, the Internet, and smart phones. Some programs can be educational. But many children watch too much digital media. Some programs can show children bad things that parents don’t want them to learn, or that can cause fear. Digital media may also show children poor eating habits through commercials (广告). Too much time on TV can take away from reading, studying, learning activities, play, and exercise. Digital media can also show drinking wine and smoking. Children may see these things before they are ready to understand them and before they can make good decisions (决定). Parents can do something to help decrease the effects (影响) of digital media. They can pay attention to the type of program and limit (限制) children’s screen (屏幕) time. Here are some ways for setting good viewing (观看) habits: Choose programs for children to watch. Always plan what children will be watching. Don’t turn on TV randomly (随意地). Give choices between 2 programs parents think are good for their children. Limit screen time to 1 or 2 hours a day for children older than 2 years. Scientists advise that children younger than 2 years should not watch digital media. Turn to educational shows such as the Discovery Channel, Learning Channel, or History Channel. Watch programs with children. Talk about what happened on the show. Talk about what was good or bad about the program. Talk about the difference between reality and make-believe. Parents should be a good example to their children by not watching too much TV or digital media. Limit their own screen time. When the daytime programs are not suitable for children, try other activities, especially reading. Read to children instead of watching TV. Plan other fun activities for children, so they have choices instead of screen time. Try a trip to the park, a festival, a playground, or a visit to a relative’s or friend’s house instead. Don’t watch TV or use phones during meals. 1．The writer thinks _________. A．children are easy to be influenced by TV programs B．all the programs are good for children’s development C．TV commercials can give children better choices on food D．screen time can improve children’s reading ability 2．The word “decrease” in Paragraph 3 most probably means __________. A．fit B．improve C．lower D．support 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Children can choose 2 programs they like. B．Children younger than 2 years can watch TV for 2 hours. C．Parents shouldn’t watch TV with children because they have different interests. D．Watching TV with children can help stop the bad effects of TV on them. 4．Why does the writer write the passage? A．To explain the bad effects of watching TV. B．To tell some ways for setting good viewing habits. C．To show the importance of choosing right TV programs. D．To share the experience of using digital media. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了数字媒体对孩子的影响，孩子们应该控制屏幕时间，并给出了一些培养良好观看习惯的方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“As children grow and develop, they can be easily influenced (影响) by what they see and hear”可知，随着孩子的成长和发展，他们很容易受到他们所看到和听到的影响，故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“...They can pay attention to the type of program and limit (限制) children’s screen (屏幕) time.”可知，父母可以做一些事情来帮助减少数字媒体的影响，可以注意节目的类型和限制，孩子的屏幕时间，单词“decrease”指的是“减少”，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Watch programs with children. Talk about what happened on the show. Talk about what was good or bad about the program. Talk about the difference between reality and make-believe.”可知，和孩子一起看电视可以帮助阻止电视对他们的不良影响，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Here are some ways for setting good viewing (观看) habits:”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍一些方法来培养良好观看习惯，故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京北师大附中·期中） Why Can’t I Get This Song Out of My Head? “I Remember Everything is my favorite song. It’s soft and touching. But I have had it stuck (停留) in my head for two weeks and it’s making me crazy. Why is this happening?” asked a 7th grade student. You’re not alone! This is a common thing called an “earworm” and it can happen to people all the time. Scientists are trying to find out why earworms happen. One thing they know is that songs that get stuck in our heads are usually ones we’ve listened to not long ago. But it can also happen if you hear a word or a sound that reminds you of a song. Some songs are more likely to get stuck in our heads. For example, songs with a fast beat seem to stick more easily. The more we hear a song, the more likely it is to become an earworm. “Yet songs usually only tend to cause earworms when you’re doing certain kinds of activities,” Dr. Hyman said. In one of his studies, researchers had participants (参与者) listen to a well-known song. The next day, the researchers asked them under what situation the song went back into their heads. The results showed that songs were most likely to appear as earworms when the tasks caused a wandering mind. “Such activities can include walking, showering or doing dishes.” Dr. Hyman said. But more difficult tasks, like hard schoolwork, can also cause a wandering mind. The reason could be that we have more space in our brain for earworms when we aren’t totally focused on the task at hand. Now, you might be wondering how to get rid of an earworm. One thing you can try is chewing gum (口香糖). Maybe it’s because chewing gum uses up the same parts of the brain that play the earworm. Another idea is to change your state of mind. Talking to someone you don’t know very well might help you forget the earworm. The next time you have a song stuck in your head, remember that it’s a common thing. And keep exploring and find which way works best for you! Remember, earworms are a part of life, and they show that our brains are remembering things. It’s all part of the fascinating way our minds work. 5．Why does the writer use the example of the 7th grade student in Paragraph 1? A．To share a beautiful song. B．To introduce the idea of earworms. C．To prove earworms happen to everyone. D．To describe a problem of junior students. 6．Dr. Hyman’s research in Paragraph 5 is to ________. A．look into how popular songs lead to earworms B．explain why certain songs cause earworms easily C．come up with useful ways to get rid of earworms D．find out when earworms are more likely to happen 7．What does the word “wandering” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．less focused B．more forgetful C．clearer D．more creative 8．What can we learn from the passage about earworms? A．Earworms only happen when we have nothing to do. B．Talking to friends can help us forget the earworm. C．Even just a sound of a song can lead to earworms. D．Slow and soft songs are more likely to cause earworms. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要研究了“耳虫”这一概念，并且分析了为什么某一首歌会一直留存在脑海中不断重复出现。 5．细节理解题。根据“I Remember Everything is my favorite song. It’s soft and touching. But I have had it stuck (停留) in my head for two weeks and it’s making me crazy. Why is this happening?”以及“You’re not alone! This is a common thing called an ‘earworm’ and it can happen to people all the time.”可知文章在第一段开头就引用了一个7年级学生的话，是为了引入本文要讨论的主题。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“Yet songs usually only tend to cause earworms when you’re doing certain kinds of activities,”可知这项研究是为了查清楚什么时候“耳虫”会出现，故选D。 7．词句猜测题。根据“Such activities can include walking, showering or doing dishes.”可知wandering mind指的是一些类似走路、洗澡或者洗碗这种活动，是一种没那么需要专注力的活动，故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据“But it can also happen if you hear a word or a sound that reminds you of a song.”可知一个词一点声音都可能导致“耳虫”现象，故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·北京汇文中学教育集团·期中） Do you eat fish every week? Do you think eating fish may help protect our brains from air pollution? A new research studied some older women, who lived in places with high levels(等级) of air pollution. They found that those who had the lowest levels of omega-3 fatty acids(w-3脂肪酸) in their body had more brain shrinkage(脑萎缩) than women who had the highest levels. “Fish is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids and easy to add to the diet,” said Ka He from Columbia University. “Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to maintain brain structure(保持脑部结构) in aging brains. They have also been found to reduce brain damage caused by some neurotoxins(神经毒素). So we did the research to see if omega-3 fatty acids could help protect our brains from a certain toxin in air pollution.” The research studied 1,315 women with an average age of 70. Researchers asked the women how much fish they had each week and tested the amount of omega-3 fatty acids in their blood. The researchers also used the women’s home addresses to work out their three-year average exposure to air pollution, and then scanned(扫描)different areas of the women’s brains to see the change in the structure. After adjusting for(调控) age, education, smoking and other factors that could affect(影响) brain shrinkage, researchers found that women who had the highest levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood had less change in white matter and hippocampus than those with the lowest levels, which are associated with signal sending and memory. “ It’s important to note that our study only found an association(联系) between maintaining brain structure and eating fish,” he said, “Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood from eating fish may help maintain brain structure as women grow older and possibly fight against the bad effects of air pollution. However, more research is still needed.” 9．In the third paragraph, the writer shows us ________. A．when the study was planned B．why researchers did the study C．how the study was performed D．what researchers found in the study 10．What can we learn from the study? A．Women have more brain shrinkage than men. B．Fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids has fewer neurotoxins. C．White matter and hippocampus can protect themselves from neurotoxins. D．High levels of omega-3 fatty acids may help fight against brain shrinkage. 11．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Does eating fish protect our brains from air pollution? B．How do aging brains affect older women’s thinking? C．Why can omega-3 fatty acids improve our memory? D．Can older women live longer by eating fish? 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究内容是吃鱼是否有助于保护我们的大脑免受空气污染。 9．推理判断题。阅读第三段可知，本段主要讲了研究人员调查了1315名平均年龄为70岁的女性，询问她们每周吃多少鱼，并测试了她们血液中omega-3脂肪酸的含量。研究人员还使用了这些女性的家庭住址，计算出她们三年里平均接触空气污染的情况，然后扫描这些女性大脑的不同区域，观察其结构的变化。所以第三段详细介绍了这项研究是如何进行的。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据第一段“those who had the lowest levels of omega-3 fatty acids(w-3脂肪酸) in their body had more brain shrinkage(脑萎缩) than women who had the highest levels.”可知，omega-3脂肪酸含量低的人中脑萎缩的人更多，由此可推出高水平的omega-3脂肪酸可能有助于对抗大脑萎缩。故选D。 11．最佳标题题。通读全文，根据文章第一段“Do you think eating fish may help protect our brains from air pollution?”可知本文始终在围绕“吃鱼是否有助于保护我们的大脑免受空气污染”这一问题。A选项“吃鱼能保护我们的大脑不受空气污染吗？”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 主题02 人与自然——人与动植物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京第二中学教育集团·期中） How do you feel about nature? After spending hours indoors, do you feel better when you visit your local park? I believe the answer must be “YES”. We should walk into nature so that we can enjoy the natural beauties around. Most people think that nature is good for our bodies and brains. However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. For example, the number of visitors to Canada’s national parks is getting lower every year. And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century. As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: one example of this is the work of Dr. Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a math test. During the test, their heart rates (心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality (虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were slower than people’s in the other group. The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. The natural world allows our brains to rest and slow down, and can trigger (触发) positive feelings and a sense of peace. Being in nature can leave us feeling happier and less stressed. Another good example of how nature is good for health comes from Canada. In Toronto, researchers studied 31,000 people living in the city. In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks. Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people’s everyday life. In Dubai, for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. And South Korea is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year. Being close to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are popular. Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it’s now time to start rebuilding nature. Nature holds a special kind of energy; it is pure and wild and spirit-renewing. In a word, the human being cannot live without nature, and Mother Nature makes us grow stronger. 12．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．A problem in the 21st century. B．How much time we spend outdoors. C．Visiting your local parks. D．Feeling about nature. 13．What do the results of the studies chow? A．More and more Canadians will live near parks. B．The math test is difficult and makes people nervous. C．Nature can help people feel more relaxed and be healthier. D．People’s heart rates get slower in a 3D virtual reality room. 14．What can we learn from the last sentence of the passage? A．Nature is more important than cities. B．Country life is healthier than city life. C．People have lived in the cities for so long D．Nature should be part of people’s daily life. 【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 【导语】本文介绍了自然对人类身心健康的重要性，并通过多项研究和实例说明接触自然能够降低压力、提升幸福感，呼吁人们重视并融入自然环境中。 12．段落大意题。根据“However, humans are spending more time inside and less time outside. ... Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century.”可知，人类在室内的时间越来越多，在室外的时间越来越少，许多医生认为这是21世纪的一个问题。即第二段主要谈论了21世纪的一个问题。故选A。 13．推理判断题。根据“The virtual touch with nature helped them feel more relaxed. The natural world allows our brains to rest and slow down, and can trigger (触发) positive feelings and a sense of peace.”和“In general, they found that healthier people lived near parks.”可知，大自然可以帮助人们感到更放松，更健康。故选C。 14．推理判断题。根据“In a word, the human being cannot live without nature, and Mother Nature makes us grow stronger.”可知，人类离不开自然，大自然使我们变得更加强壮；这句话强调了将自然融入我们日常生活的重要性，表明与自然重新联系可以增强我们的力量，提高我们的幸福感。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴区·期中） Do you know what the world’s fastest animal is? How about the world’s smartest animal? Do you know which animal lives the longest? Let’s read about some of these amazing animals. You probably know that the world’s fastest animal is the cheetah (猎豹). Cheetahs can run at about 120 kilometers an hour. However,they can only run at that speed (速度) for about 60 seconds. When cheetahs are running at that speed, they spend more time in the air than on the ground. The largest animal in the world is the blue whale. Here’s an interesting fact about these giant animals. They aren’t just the largest species (物种) right now. They are the largest animals that have ever existed (存在) on the earth. Blue whales are about 38 meters long, and they weigh around 170 tons. Blue whales eat about 3,600 kilograms of food every day. Of course, the smartest animals in the world are humans. The second smartest animal is the chimpanzee (黑猩猩). Chimps can make tools and build things. They can also solve (解决) problems. Some scientists have ever taught chimps sign language. Sign language is using your hands to make words and communicate (交流). Other very smart animals are dolphins and parrots. Most people believe that tortoises live the longest. It’s true that tortoises live longer than other animals on land. The oldest tortoises that we know about died at the age of 188. However, some ocean animals live longer. Some koi, a kind of goldfish, can live for more than 200 years. There’s even a kind of jellyfish that can change its cells (细胞) and make them new again. This means that whenever the jellyfish gets old and weak, it can make itself young again! The nickname of this jellyfish is “immortal jellyfish”. The most poisonous (有毒的) animal is also a jellyfish. In the last 60 years, box jellyfish have killed more than 5,500 people. If a person is stung by a box jellyfish, he or she must get help at once. Otherwise, that person’s chance of survival (存活) is almost zero. 15．What can we know from the passage? A．Cheetahs run faster than any other animal in the world. B．A chimp speaks the same simple words as a parrot does. C．Blue whales live much longer than tortoises in the ocean. D．A jellyfish isn’t so poisonous as the snakes on the earth. 16．According to the passage, the underlined word “immortal” describes _______. A．something is in great danger B．something can live forever C．something is similar to humans D．something can change its colour 17．What is the passage mainly about? A．The experience of helping humans live a long life. B．The importance of taking good care of the animals. C．Good ways of saving people’s lives from jellyfish. D．Some of the most amazing animals on the earth. 【答案】15．A 16．B 17．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了一些地球上最令人惊叹的动物。 15．细节理解题。根据“You probably know that the world’s fastest animal is the cheetah ( 猎豹).”可知，猎豹是世界上跑得最快的动物，即猎豹比世界上任何动物都跑得快。故选A。 16．词义猜测题。根据“There’s even a kind of jellyfish that can change its cells (细胞) and make them new again. This means that whenever the jellyfish gets old and weak, it can make itself young again! The nickname of this jellyfish is ‘immortal jellyfish’.”可知，每当水母变老变弱时，它可以让自己再次年轻！这种水母的绰号是“immortal jellyfish”，也就是“长生的水母”，因此“immortal”描述的是“something can live forever”，即可以永生的意思，故选B。 17．主旨大意题。根据“Let’s read about some of these amazing animals.”可知，本文主要介绍了一些地球上最令人惊叹的动物，故选D。 主题03 人与社会——旅游 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京房山区·期中） Gather together some good friends and take a walk through the streets. This is what many young people in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city. To them, city walk means “hanging around the city” on foot. They often explore (探索) old buildings or small shops, and enjoy a cup of coffee or local (当地的) snacks. City walk offers them a way to communicate with a city. It also gives them a chance to meet new people. It can be a guided trip for a small group of people or simply a relaxing walk for one or two. They follow one rule: keep away from famous places and big crowds. In China, the city walk has become popular and has spread from Beijing and Shanghai to smaller cities. Xiao Yiyi is a young woman living in Changsha. Recently she started six city walk trips in different cities. Her plan is to provide (提供) experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha trip includes (包括) more special sights, such as historical buildings from the 19th century and old streets. They even stop to taste the local spicy crayfish (麻辣小龙虾) along the way. Her group is usually made up of about six people. Her events last about half a day. Some cities, such as Beijing, have included city walks in their plans to help develop cultural tourism. Shanghai has created city walk trips and is trying to help tourists reach much farther places by public transport. Now, the idea of a city walk is new to most Chinese people. However, people working in the tourist industry believe it has a bright future. Zhang Zhi is a tour guide from Beijing. He said that tourists nowadays are paying more attention to personalized travel services (服务). Many tour guides are also sharing their city walk experiences online to attract (吸引) more customers. 18．Which activity can be called city walk according to the passage? A．Visiting new buildings. B．Walking through old streets. C．Taking a bus ride. D．Going to famous places. 19．What can we learn from the passage? A．City Walk will be more popular with the help of the Internet. B．City Walk seldom helps to learn about the history of a city. C．City Walk is usually a big group trip with a tour guide. D．City Walk is not a choice to visit smaller cities. 20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．City Walk Takes Time B．How to Go for A City Walk C．City Walk Draws More People D．What People Need for A City Walk 【答案】18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了城市漫步在中国的发展情况。 18．细节理解题。根据“city walk means ‘hanging around the city’ on foot”、“They often explore old buildings or small shops, and enjoy a cup of coffee or local snacks.”和“keep away from famous places and big crowds”可知，城市漫步意思是步行在城市闲逛，探索旧建筑或小商店，远离著名景点和人群，所以A选项“参观新建筑”、C选项“乘坐公共汽车”、D选项“去著名地方”均不符合原文内容，排除。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据“Many tour guides are also sharing their city walk experiences online to attract more customers.”可知，许多导游会在网络上分享城市漫步的体验来吸引更多的游客，所以借助互联网，城市漫步会变得更受欢迎。故选A。 20．最佳标题题。根据“Now, the idea of a city walk is new to most Chinese people. However, people working in the tourist industry believe it has a bright future.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了城市漫步在中国的发展，C选项“城市漫步吸引更多的人”符合文章内容。故选C。 主题01 人与社会——时代变迁 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京第三十五中学·期中） Greenland is the largest island in the world but has a small population of 56,000. Many of these “Greenlanders” live close to the coastline because a large part of the country is covered with ice and glaciers (冰川). Since the 1960s, the country has had economic (经济) difficulties and social problems. Its traditional industry (产业)—and its biggest—is fishing, but the country still needs to buy much more from other countries. Now, however, life is about to change greatly for many Greenlanders—and all because of the weather.   Most scientists agree that the world is getting warmer and you can already see the difference in Greenland. For example, small icebergs—about the size of city buses—are going to the coast. They have broken off from much larger areas of ice further out in the sea because of the change in temperature. Furthermore, the huge sheet of ice covering Greenland is getting smaller by about 75 cubic kilometres each year. If all of Greenland’s ice melted (融化), sea levels across the world would rise by 7.5 metres. One industry taking advantage of the melting ice is the oil industry. Nowadays, the sea around the west coast of Greenland has no ice for six months of the year. Oil companies plan to drill for oil there in the next few years. Greenlanders have mixed (混合的) feelings about it. The country’s prime minister, Kuupik Kleist, describes the dilemma: “Greenlanders are the ones most exposed (受影响) to climate change, but we need a strong economy and we have to make good use of the chance that oil could bring us …” Farming will also change. The growing season is longer with springs arriving earlier and summers ending later. On the one hand, if the country produced more of its own food, it wouldn’t need to buy so much from other countries. On the other hand, some farmers are worried that the drier summers might bring new problems. For example, last year, it was so dry that farmers produced half the normal amount of food. Farming families usually celebrate the beginning of summer by singing a traditional song. The song is about the importance of summer in a place where, in the past, the winters were long and the summers were short. As nature and the weather changes in Greenland, they might not sing this song in a hundred years’ time.  Summer, summer, how wonderful! How incredibly good! The cold is gone, The cold is gone… 21．What can we learn about Greenland? A．Life will become quite different. B．The population will grow smaller. C．People will be poorer and poorer. D．The ice and glaciers will get larger. 22．The word dilemma in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．great chances B．fast development C．difficult situation D．economic problems 23．Why did the farmers sing the traditional song in the past? A．To show thanks to the old times. B．To say goodbye to the dry season. C．To invite their friends to get together. D．To give a warm welcome to summer. 24．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Rising sea levels B．The advantages of melting ice C．Changing Greenland D．Different weather in Greenland 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．D 24．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了格陵兰各个方面的变化。 21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Now, however, life is about to change greatly for many Greenlanders—and all because of the weather”可推知，格陵兰的生活将变得完全不同，故选A。 22．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Greenlanders have mixed (混合的) feelings about it”“格陵兰人对此有着复杂的感受”可推知，“dilemma”是“困境”的意思，great chances意为“大好机会”；fast development“快速发展”；difficult situation“困境”；economic problems“经济问题”，故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Farming families usually celebrate the beginning of summer by singing a traditional song”可知，过去农民唱传统的歌曲为了欢迎夏天，故选D。 24．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了格陵兰各个方面的变化，故选C。 主题02 人与自我——健康与运动 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京大兴区·期中） Sometimes, city streets are jammed (拥堵) with cars and buses crowded with people. Take a closer look, and you might see quite a few people riding their bicycles to work or school. The number of bikes has more than tripled (翻三倍) over the last twenty years. All over the world, the factories build three times more bikes than cars. Why do so many Americans like to ride bikes? Biking is a fun way to get outdoors and to exercise. More people have found out that on a bike, they can get in good shape and get where they need to go at the same time. In fact, nearly five million Americans usually go to work on their bicycles. Two major bike-to-work cities are Tucson, Arizona, and San Diego, California. In these areas, warm weather makes year-round biking possible. To our surprise, rainy Seattle, Washington has the second highest number of bicycle users in the country. All the cities are taking the competition to make the ride easier. More bike riders mean fewer cars. Fewer cars mean less of a need for new roads. Creating bike path or “Bike Only” lanes (带) on street is far less expensive than building roads. Governments (政府) in Portland, Oregon, came up with a special idea. They wanted to encourage (鼓励) people to bike around the town instead of driving cars. So the city rounded up used bikes that people would have just thrown away. They got them repaired (修理) and painted them yellow. Then they put the yellow bikes around the city and spread (扩散) the world that they were free for anyone to use. When borrowers reach the place where they plan to go,they just leave the bike for someone else. People are riding the bikes all over the Portland. The public bike stations are growing quickly as more people offer their old bikes. Will your town be next? About 50 cities have asked Portland how to start their own public pedal-power program! All of these healthy bikers help create a healthier environment (环境). When it comes to planet-friendly modes of transportation (交通模式), you can’t beat a bike. Unlike cars, bikes burn no fossil fuels (燃料) and it can make the air cleaner. So far, computer-aided design and new technologies (技术) have helped create a new type of bicycles that make riding safer, easier, and a lot more fun. 25．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．More and more people are using bikes to exercise in the open air. B．It’s easy for the people in big cities to buy bikes at the lowest price. C．The weather is very fine for riding bikes in Seattle all the year round. D．American people usually ride bikes to keep away from the traffic jams. 26．The bike riders in America find out that . A．taking a car is more expensive than riding a bike in most of the countries B．it’s much safer to ride on the bike path or “Bike Only” lane in the cities C．cycling makes them have a good health and travel around the city easily D．it’s necessary for everyone to paint bikes yellow and follow the traffic rules 27．From the passage, many cities in America are trying to . A．ask people to travel around by public transportation B．learn from Portland to start the pedal-power program C．create new types of cars to take the place of old ones D．build more sports centers to help keep people’s health 28．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell the reasons why so many Americans like riding bikes. B．To show it’s very important to do outdoor exercise in big cities. C．To point out the difference between big cities and the countryside. D．To ask more people to ride bikes to help create healthier environment. 【答案】25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如此多的美国人喜欢骑自行车的原因和作者对该行为的认可。 25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Biking is a fun way to get outdoors and to exercise.”，第三段中“Two major bike-to-work cities are Tucson, Arizona, and San Diego, California. In these areas, warm weather makes year-round biking possible.”以及“Creating bike path or “Bike Only” lanes (带) on street is far less expensive than building roads.”可知，A选项“越来越多的人在户外骑自行车锻炼。”的表述是正确的。故选A。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“More people have found out that on a bike, they can get in good shape and get where they need to go at the same time.”可知，越来越多的人发现骑自行车使他们有一个良好的健康，并且在城市里旅行很容易。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段中“About 50 cities have asked Portland how to start their own public pedal-power program!”可知，大约有50个城市询问波特兰如何开始他们自己的公共脚踏动力项目！由此可知，从文章中可以看出，美国的许多城市正试图向波特兰学习，开始踏板动力计划。故选B。 28．主旨大意题。根据通读全文，结合最后一段内容“All of these healthy bikers help create a healthier environment (环境) . When it comes to planet-friendly modes of transportation (交通模式), you can’t beat a bike. Unlike cars, bikes burn no fossil fuels (燃料) and it can make the air cleaner. So far, computer-aided design and new technologies (技 术) have helped create a new type of bicycles that make riding safer, easier, and a lot more fun.”可知，作者对这些健康的骑车人有助于创造一个更健康的环境的行为表示认可。由此可推测出，本文作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁更多的人骑自行车，帮助创造更健康的环境。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·北京第一零一中学·期中） Like most people, you’ve probably never given your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, a second thought, unless you have diabetes (糖尿病). Diabetes is a disease that occurs (出现) when your blood glucose is too high. But researchers now know that whether or not you have diabetes, eating too much can make your blood glucose go up and down. Also, it can increase the danger of heart disease. It may be even bad for your memory. This realization has greatly changed the way we understand food and health. Luckily, none of these things happen overnight, and even small changes in the food you eat every day can start you on a healthier path. When you are hungry, do you reach for a chocolate cake or a box of biscuits? These “fast-acting” foods are handy and they take no time at all to dissolve (溶化) in your stomach. Then they race into your blood, running through your body with blood glucose. They can provide energy quickly but the effect doesn’t last long, leaving you feeling hungry again. As a result, your blood glucose will run out of control. It’s no wonder most of us have less energy than we’d like and feel tired too often. It’s also no wonder that most of us weigh more than we want to. Yes, eating too much and exercising too little are main reasons, and ever changing blood glucose will send you shopping for bigger jeans. For most of us, even when our blood glucose goes up and down after a large meal, our body can bring it back to normal (常态) in a few hours. Only people with untreated diabetes have blood glucose levels that stay quite high most of the time. For a long time, doctors thought that only these people needed to take care of their blood glucose levels. Now, we know that even in the healthy people, high levels after meals can damage (损坏) the body, even if it never causes diabetes. 29．After eating too much, our blood glucose will ________. A．keep unchanged B．stay on high levels C．go up and down D．come back to normal 30．What are fast-acting foods? A．They are easy to get and can provide energy quickly. B．They make your blood glucose stay in control. C．They are unhealthy and we can’t eat them at all. D．They can make you feel hungry less often. 31．What can you learn from the passage? A．People without diabetes needn’t care about the food they take in. B．People should make great changes to start a healthier path. C．People should care about their blood glucose to keep healthy. D．People weigh more than they want because they exercise too much. 32．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To show people the possible effects of having fast-acting foods often. B．To help people realize the importance of keeping blood glucose normal. C．To introduce the damage resulted from diabetes and high blood glucose. D．To warn people of the danger of having diabetes and heart disease. 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B 【导语】本文是一篇有关于健康的说明文，为了保持正常的血糖水平，作者建议每天吃合适的食物，进行适当的锻炼。 29．细节理解题。根据“eating too much can make your blood glucose go up and down”可知，吃太多会导致血糖上下波动。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据“These ‘fast-acting’ foods are handy and they take no time at all to dissolve (溶化) in your stomach. Then they race into your blood, running through your body with blood glucose. They can provide energy quickly but the effect doesn’t last long,”可知，这些“速效”食物很方便，它们可以快速提供能量，但效果不会持续很长时间。故选A。 31．推理判断题。根据“Now, we know that even in the healthy people, high levels after meals can damage (损坏) the body, even if it never causes diabetes.”可知，即使在健康人群中，餐后高血糖也会损害身体，即使它不会导致糖尿病，因此即使是健康的人，也需要关注血糖水平以保持健康。故选C。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为了保持正常的血糖水平，应注意的事项，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是帮助人们认识到保持血糖正常的重要性。故选B。 主题03 人与社会——人际交往 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京第二十中学·期中） Do you have good friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you? It turns out that this isn’t just an expression. A study by Yale University has found that you and your friends have more genes (基因) in common than strangers do. Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1% of genes that match. “1% of genes may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a larger number,” Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you. So do you happen to become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution (进化) that brings you together. “People who share certain genes also share skills and have common likes and dislikes,” researchers said. In the old days, it was important that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who were easily influenced by the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to stay alive. Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those producing a change in sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to the same environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes (咖啡馆) more often and as a result are more likely to meet and become friends with each other. With their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the “friendship score”. It can help tell how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes. So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance (提前) who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to learn about it by yourself and let time be the judge? 33．From the passage, we know that friends _________. A．look like our cousins B．share 1% of genes with us C．feel close to our family D．can help us when we feel cold 34．The writer takes the example of people in the old days in Paragraph 4 to _________. A．study how people dealt with the cold in the old days B．predict that the same environments lead to friendship C．show that it is evolution that brings friends together D．explain why people gave each other chance to keep alive 35．The underlined word “alike” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_________”. A．kind B．similar C．smart D．different 36．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Friendship: Its Influence on People and Behavior. B．Friendship: Its Benefits to Teens and Decision Making. C．Friendship: Is It Necessary to Be Judged by Time? D．Friendship: Is It Possible to Be Influenced by Genes? 【答案】33．B 34．C 35．B 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了友谊与基因之间的关系，以及这种关系如何影响我们的社交行为和友谊的形成。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found that friends have 1% of genes that match.”可知，朋友之间有1%的基因是相同的。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.”和“For example, people who were easily influenced by the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to stay alive.”可知，同样怕冷的人在一起更有可能互相帮助生火，这也增加了他们生存的几率；据此可以推断，作者举古人的例子是为了证明，是进化把朋友聚集在了一起。故选C。 35．词义猜测题。根据第四段“‘People who share certain genes also share skills and have common likes and dislikes,’ researchers said. In the old days, it was important that people who were alike stayed together.”可知，“alike”的人聚在一起很重要，因为他们有共同的技能和喜好；据此可以推断，划线单词“alike”的意思是“相似的”。故选B。 36．最佳标题题。综合全文可知，文章主要探讨了友谊与基因之间的关系，介绍了耶鲁大学的研究发现朋友之间有更多的共同基因；选项D“友谊：是否可能受到基因的影响？”适合作为文章的标题。故选D。 主题03 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·北京汇文中学教育集团·期中） I have a question for all of us. Is all winning success? Winning is really, really fun. But I am here to share my idea: Winning does not always equal success. All around the world, we have created the win-at-all-cost culture. As a society, we honor the champion (冠军). We cheer for those people who win championships. Winning at all costs has become acceptable. We have become so focused on that end result instead of the process, and particularly when the end result is a win, usually how we got there often gets swept under the proverbial rug. We need to redefine (重新定义) success. Real success is developing champions in life for our world, win or lose. We may be able to plan our way to a win, but we can’t plan our way to success. Back to 1990, when I was first made the head coach of the UCLA Women’s Gymnastics Team, the best I could do was what other “successful” coaches had done. So, I became tough-talking and mean. I acted like a head coach whose only thought was to figure out how to win. After putting up with me for a few years, our team asked me for a team meeting. And for over two hours, they gave me examples of how my arrogance (傲慢) was hurtful. That was my time-out, and I chose to change. I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won. It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate (激励) someone to be better. And the motivation takes a really long time to take root. The key ingredient was to develop trust through patience and honesty. Let’s think about what you are talking with your parents on the car ride home. Are they focusing on the end result? Are you excited to use that time to show you are a winner? All of you care too much about the end result instead of your steps of learning. We are all coaches in some ways. We all have the responsibility to develop champions in life for our world. That is what real success looks like, and that is what we call a win-win. 37．The underlined phrase “gets swept under the proverbial rug” probably means “_________”. A．shows the result B．does some harm C．catches little attention D．decides the success 38．The writer mentions his experience as the head coach to show _________. A．it’s difficult to be a coach B．how his team won championships C．why his team asked him for a meeting D．it’s better to motivate others than to give orders 39．Which of the following is a real success in life? A．A kid who shows the medals and prizes he won to his parents. B．A player who tries to win a gold medal at the cost of his health. C．A coach who respects his members even though the team didn’t win. D．A parent who keeps asking about the grades his kid gets in the exams. 40．The writer probably agrees that _________. A．we shouldn’t plan for the end result B．winning doesn’ t always mean success C．a good coach often wants his team to win D．it’ s time for us to change the way we live 【答案】37．C 38．D 39．C 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了胜利并不等于成功，并用自己做教练的经历来论述这个观点，作者认为激励更加重要。 37．词义猜测题。根据上文可知，人们更加专注于结果而不是过程。根据“and particularly when the end result is a win, usually how we got there often gets swept under the proverbial rug.”可知，how代表的是过程，人们对于过程是不太重视的。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据第五段“I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won.”以及第六段“It is so much easier to give orders than to actually figure out how to motivate (激励) someone to be better.”可知，作者讲述做教练的经历是为了说明激励他人比命令他人更重要。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据第五段“I realized that I needed to support our student athletes as whole human beings, not just athletes who won.”可知，我意识到我需要支持我们的学生运动员，不仅仅是在他们取得胜利的时候，即使没有取得胜利也要尊重他们。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“But I am here to share my idea: Winning does not always equal success.”可知，胜利并不等于成功。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $