第05讲 沪外版2020选择性必修二词汇（词性转换，短语词组，词汇综合检测）（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第05讲 沪外版选择性必修二词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 Scientists 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Language and Mind 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Charity 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 Disaster Survival 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇+考纲词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 考点一Unit1 Scientists 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 advance /ədˈvɑːns/ n. 进步，进展 2 assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. 分配 (某物)；分派，布置 (工作、任务) 3 bomb /bɒm/ v. 轰炸；对... 投炸弹 4 breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 重大进展；突破△ 5 Cambridge University /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 剑桥大学 6 chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家 7 clarity /ˈklærəti/ n. 清晰的思维 (或理解) 能力△ 8 couple /ˈkʌpl/ v. 连接，结合 9 credit /ˈkredɪt/ n. 赞扬；称赞；认可 10 crystallography /ˌkrɪstəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n. 晶体学△ 11 crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 12 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ v. 骑自行车；骑自行车旅行 13 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据，资料 14 disapproval /ˌdɪsəˈpruːvl/ n. 不赞成；反对△ 15 doctorate /ˈdɒktərət/ n. 博士学位△ 16 DNA /ˌdiː en ˈeɪ/ 专有名词 脱氧核糖核酸 17 earn /ɜːn/ v. 赢得，博得 18 evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 根据；证明；证据 19 female /ˈfiːmeɪl/ adj. 女性的 20 fellow /ˈfeləʊ/ adj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 21 Francis Crick /ˈfrɑːnsɪs krɪk/ 专有名词 弗朗西斯・克里克 (1916 年 - 2004 年，生物学家，物理学家，神经科学家) 22 gender /ˈdʒendə/ n. 性别 (尤指社会和文化差异，而非生理差异) 23 get hold of 短语 抓住；拿着；得到；获得 24 get in the way of 短语 挡... 路；妨碍 25 helix /ˈhiːlɪks/ n. 螺旋 (形)△ 26 inequality /ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ n. 不平等；不平衡；不平均△ 27 James Watson /dʒeɪmz ˈwɒtsən/ 专有名词 詹姆斯・沃森 (1928 年 4 月 6 日 -，分子生物学家) 28 King's College London /kɪŋz ˈkɒlɪdʒ ˈlʌndən/ 专有名词 伦敦国王学院 29 lose heart 短语 丧失信心；泄气 30 make-believe /ˈmeɪk bɪliːv/ n. 虚构；想象△ 31 master /ˈmɑːstə/ v. 掌握，精通 32 Maurice Wilkins /məˈrɪs ˈwɪlkɪnz/ 专有名词 莫里斯・威尔金斯 (1916 年 12 月 15 日 - 2004 年 10 月 5 日，生物物理学家) 33 Nobel Prize /nəʊˈbel praɪz/ 专有名词 诺贝尔奖 (1901 年开始每年在诺贝尔的逝世日 - 12 月 10 日颁发) 34 passion /ˈpæʃn/ n. 酷爱 35 publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表 36 puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ n. 不解之谜；疑问；谜△ 37 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /ˌtʃɪŋhaɪ tɪˈbet ˈplætoʊ/ 专有名词 青藏高原 38 Rosalind Franklin /ˈrəʊzəlɪnd ˈfræŋklɪn/ 专有名词 罗莎琳・富兰克林 (1920 年 - 1958 年，物理化学家、晶体学家) 39 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学 (上) 的；关于科学的 40 Tibet /tɪˈbet/ 专有名词 西藏 41 Tibet University /tɪˈbet ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 西藏大学 42 unfair /ˌʌnˈfeə/ adj. 不公正的；不公平的；待人不平等 43 undying /ʌnˈdaɪɪŋ/ adj. 永恒的；永久的；不朽的△ 44 unnoticed /ˌʌnˈnəʊtɪst/ adj. 未被看见的；未受到注意的；被忽视的 45 virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒；滤过性病毒 46 X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ 专有名词 X 射线 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. scientific（adj. 科学的）→science（n. 科学；理科）→scientist（n. 科学家）例：She has a strong background in science and works as a scientific researcher.（她有扎实的科学背景，担任科学研究员。） 2. advance（n. 进步）→advanced（adj. 先进的；高级的）→advancement（n. 促进；发展）例：This advanced technology has made great advancement in medical treatment.（这项先进技术在医疗领域取得了重大发展。） 3. passion（n. 酷爱）→passionate（adj. 热情的）→passionately（adv. 热情地）例：He is passionate about music and talks passionately about his favorite composers.（他对音乐充满热情，兴致勃勃地谈论最喜欢的作曲家。） 4. publish（v. 发表）→publication（n. 出版；发表）→publisher（n. 出版商）例：The publication of his novel was supported by a famous publisher.（他小说的出版得到了一家知名出版商的支持。） 5. assign（v. 分配）→assignment（n. 任务；作业）→assigned（adj. 指定的）例：The teacher gave us a difficult assignment which was assigned to each group.（老师给我们布置了一项有难度的任务，分配给了每个小组。） 6. evidence（n. 证据）→evident（adj. 明显的）→evidently（adv. 显然）例：It is evident that he is lying, and evidently he has no evidence to prove his innocence.（很明显他在撒谎，而且显然他没有证据证明自己无辜。） 7. credit（n. 赞扬）→credible（adj. 可信的）→credibility（n. 可信度）例：His credible explanation improved his credit among colleagues, and his credibility was no longer doubted.（他可信的解释提升了在同事中的认可度，其可信度也不再受到质疑。） 8. unfair（adj. 不公平的）→fair（adj. 公平的）→fairness（n. 公平）例：We should fight against unfair treatment and pursue fairness in all aspects of life.（我们应反对不公平待遇，在生活各方面追求公平。） 9. breakthrough（n. 突破）→（无常规派生词，常搭配动词 “make” 使用）→make a breakthrough（取得突破）例：After years of research, the team finally made a major breakthrough in cancer treatment.（经过多年研究，该团队终于在癌症治疗领域取得重大突破。） 10. couple（v. 连接）→coupling（n. 连接；结合）→coupled（adj. 结合的，常与 “with” 搭配）例：The coupling of theory with practice is important, and coupled with hard work, it will lead to success.（理论与实践的结合很重要，再加上努力，就能走向成功。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 get in the way of 挡…… 路；妨碍 Don't let laziness get in the way of your dreams.（别让懒惰阻碍你的梦想。） get hold of 抓住；拿着；得到；获得 I tried to get hold of the rare book, but it was sold out.（我试图弄到那本珍本书，但它已经卖完了。） lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 Never lose heart even when you face difficulties.（即使遇到困难，也永远不要灰心。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A.breakthrough B.crucial C.scientific D.crystallography E.doctorate F.evidence G.virus H.approval I.passion J.publish K.earn ---- 1. The researchers finally made a major ______ in the study of DNA structure after years of effort.（经过多年努力，研究人员终于在 DNA 结构研究方面取得了重大突破。） 2. It is ______ to collect enough samples before conducting the experiment to ensure accurate results.（进行实验前收集足够的样本对于确保结果准确至关重要。） 3. This ______ report analyzes the data from 500 participants and draws reliable conclusions.（这份科学报告分析了 500 名参与者的数据，并得出了可靠结论。） 4. She spent three years studying ______ and successfully applied its principles to material analysis.（她花了三年时间研究晶体学，并成功将其原理应用于材料分析。） 5. After completing her thesis on molecular biology, she received her ______ from Cambridge University.（完成分子生物学论文后，她获得了剑桥大学的博士学位。） 6. The police are still looking for more ______ to prove the suspect's involvement in the case.（警方仍在寻找更多证据，以证明嫌疑人与该案有关。） 7. This new type of ______ spreads quickly, so we need to take preventive measures in advance.（这种新型病毒传播速度快，我们需要提前采取预防措施。） 8. His dedication to scientific research finally won him the ______ of the international academic community.（他对科研的投入最终赢得了国际学术界的认可。） 9. Her ______ for biology led her to choose it as her major in college.（她对生物学的热爱使她在大学选择了这一专业。） 10. The professor plans to ______ his latest findings in a top international journal next month.（这位教授计划下个月将自己的最新研究成果发表在一份顶级国际期刊上。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cultivate    B．reassuring    C． opposing    D．objective    E. confidence F. evidence    G. perceived    H. functioning    I. estimate    J. existing K. scientism Why Doubt Is Essential To Science The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) 1 way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their 2 beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.” But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly 3 , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not 4 trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 5 as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new 6 emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as 7 as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the 8 force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind 9 — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of 10 in the very existence of truth. 考点二Unit 2 Language and Mind 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 Aboriginal /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl/ adj. 澳大利亚土著的△ 2 Alzheimer's disease /ˈæltshaɪməz dɪˈziːz/ 专有名词 阿尔茨海默病 (Alois Alzheimer [1864-1915]，率先确诊此病的德国精神病学家) 3 beg the question 短语 令人置疑；引起疑问 4 blame /bleɪm/ n. (坏事或错事的) 责任；责备；指责 5 brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/ adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的 6 bilingual /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ adj. 会说两种语言的△ 7 cell /sel/ n. 细胞 8 Charlemagne /ˈʃɑːləmeɪn/ 专有名词 查理曼 (742-814，即查理大帝，法兰克国王 [768-814]、查理曼帝国皇帝 [800-814]) 9 comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. (语言学习中的) 理解练习 (或训练)；理解力；领悟能力 10 considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/ adj. 相当多 (或大、重要等) 的△ 11 corresponding /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndɪŋ/ adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的 12 cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的；感知的；认识的△ 13 distracting /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/ adj. 使分心的，干扰的△ 14 elsewhere /ˌelsˈweə/ adv. 在 (或去、到) 别处 15 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 雇用 16 enhanced /ɪnˈhɑːnst/ adj. 提高的；增强的 17 filter /ˈfɪltə/ v. (用专门的系统、装置等) 过滤掉，筛除△ 18 global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 19 head-on /ˌhed ˈɒn/ adv. 直接地；正面地 20 highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ n. 最好 (或最精彩、最激动人心) 的部分 21 imaging /ˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ/ n. 成像 22 impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 巨大影响；强大作用 23 journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/ n. (某学科或行业的) 报纸，刊物，杂志 24 Juliet /ˈdʒuːliət/ 专有名词 朱丽叶 (人名) 25 Kuuk Thaayorre /kuːk ˈθaːjʊrə/ 专有名词 库克・萨伊奥里 (澳大利亚少数民族) 26 Lund University /lʌnd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 隆德大学 27 magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk/ adj. 磁的；磁性的△ 28 mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ n. 观念模式；思维倾向△ 29 MRI /ˌem ɑː ˈaɪ/ 专有名词 磁共振成像 30 nothing short of 短语 可以说是；无异于；近乎 31 Northwestern University /ˌnɔːθˈwestən ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 西北大学 (美国) 32 on the other hand 短语 (引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等) 另一方面... 33 open up 短语 拓展；打开 34 outperform /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/ v. 超过；胜过△ 35 promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 有希望的；有前途的；有出息的△ 36 reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；实际情况 37 resonance /ˈrezənəns/ n. 共鸣；共振△ 38 scan /skæn/ n. 扫描检查△ 39 soul /səʊl/ n. 心性；内心；心灵；灵魂 40 Sweden /ˈswiːdn/ 专有名词 瑞典 (北欧国家) 41 target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ n. 目标 42 trick /trɪk/ n. 引起错觉 (或记忆紊乱) 的事物 43 versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ prep. (比较两种不同想法、选择等) 与... 相对，与... 相比△ 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. impact（n. 影响）→impact（v. 影响）→impactful（adj. 有影响力的）例：The new policy impacted the local economy greatly, and it was an impactful change for small businesses.（新政策对当地经济影响很大，对小企业来说是一次有影响力的变革。） 2. blame（n. 责备）→blame（v. 责怪）→blameless（adj. 无过错的）例：Don't blame him for the mistake—he is blameless and the error was due to a system failure.（别因这个错误责怪他，他没有过错，错误是系统故障导致的。） 3. brilliant（adj. 聪颖的）→brilliance（n. 才华）→brilliantly（adv. 出色地）例：Her brilliance in math made her stand out, and she solved the problem brilliantly.（她在数学方面的才华让她脱颖而出，她出色地解决了这个问题。） 4. promising（adj. 有希望的）→promise（v. 预示；承诺）→promise（n. 希望；承诺）例：The new technology promises a bright future, and it shows great promise in environmental protection.（这项新技术预示着光明的未来，在环境保护方面展现出巨大潜力。） 5. enhanced（adj. 增强的）→enhance（v. 提高；增强）→enhancement（n. 增强；提升）例：Regular exercise can enhance physical health, and the enhancement of immunity is one of its benefits.（规律运动能增强身体健康，免疫力提升是其好处之一。） 6. comprehension（n. 理解力）→comprehend（v. 理解）→comprehensive（adj. 全面的）例：It's important to comprehend basic concepts first, and a comprehensive reading plan can improve comprehension.（先理解基本概念很重要，全面的阅读计划能提升理解力。） 7. corresponding（adj. 相应的）→correspond（v. 符合；通信）→correspondence（n. 通信；符合）例：His actions correspond with his words, and there is a clear correspondence between his goals and his efforts.（他言行一致，他的目标和努力之间有明显的契合。） 8. distracting（adj. 分心的）→distract（v. 使分心）→distraction（n. 分心事物）例：Loud noise can distract students from studying, and such distraction affects their learning efficiency.（噪音会让学生学习分心，这种干扰影响他们的学习效率。） 9. considerable（adj. 相当多的）→consider（v. 考虑）→consideration（n. 考虑）例：We need to consider all factors before making a decision, and considerable time should be spent on this consideration.（做决定前我们需要考虑所有因素，这项思考应花费相当多的时间。） 10. bilingual（adj. 双语的）→bilingualism（n. 双语能力）→（无常规动词形式）例：Growing up in a bilingual family helped her develop bilingualism, and her bilingual skills are an advantage in her career.（在双语家庭长大让她培养了双语能力，她的双语技能是职业优势。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 open up 拓展；打开 Traveling can open up our horizons and let us experience different cultures.（旅行能拓展我们的视野，让我们体验不同的文化。） nothing short of 可以说是；无异于；近乎 His performance in the competition was nothing short of perfect.（他在比赛中的表现可以说是完美的。） beg the question 令人置疑；引起疑问 His explanation begs the question—if he was busy, why did he have time to watch a movie?（他的解释令人置疑 —— 如果他很忙，为什么有时间看电影？） on the other hand （引出不同的，尤指对立的观点）另一方面…… Studying abroad has many benefits; on the other hand, it can be very expensive.（出国留学有很多好处；另一方面，它可能非常昂贵。） light up 使光亮，放光彩；（使）高兴起来 The smile on her face lit up the whole room.（她脸上的笑容让整个房间都亮了起来。） end up 最终成为；最后处于 If you keep wasting time, you will end up achieving nothing.（如果你一直浪费时间，最终会一事无成。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A cognitive B brilliant C enhance D journal E potential F resident G global H impact I target J bilingual K puzzle - 1. This training course is designed to improve children's ______ abilities such as memory and attention.（这一培训课程旨在提升儿童的记忆、注意力等认知能力。） 2. The ______ young scientist proposed a new theory that solved the long-standing problem in physics.（这位才华横溢的年轻科学家提出了新理论，解决了物理学界长期存在的难题。） 3. Regular reading can ______ your vocabulary and help you express yourself more clearly.（定期阅读能扩充你的词汇量，帮助你更清晰地表达自己。） 4. This academic ______ publishes the latest research results in the field of psychology every quarter.（这份学术期刊每季度发表心理学领域的最新研究成果。） 5. We need to tap into the students' creative ______ and encourage them to think independently.（我们需要挖掘学生的创新潜力，鼓励他们独立思考。） 6. As a ______ of this community for 10 years, she knows almost everyone here.（作为这个社区 10 年的居民，她几乎认识这里的每一个人。） 7. Climate change is a ______ issue that requires the joint efforts of all countries.（气候变化是一个全球性问题，需要各国共同努力。） 8. The new policy will have a positive ______ on the development of the local education sector.（这项新政策将对当地教育领域的发展产生积极影响。） 9. Our main ______ this year is to increase customer satisfaction by 20% through improved services.（我们今年的主要目标是通过提升服务质量，将客户满意度提高 20%。） 10. Being ______ gives her an advantage in the international business environment.（会说两种语言使她在国际商务环境中具备优势。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．distant     B．extinction     C． represent     D．distinguished     E. diverse     F. convinced G. documenting     H. engage     I. tragedy     J. linguistic     K. estimated The Race to Save the World’s Disappearing Languages To spend an afternoon in Jackson Heights is to spend an afternoon touring the world. The neighborhood is home to some 180,000 people. These people speak more than 160 of the 700-plus languages that have been recorded in New York City. It is commonly believed to be the most linguistically 11 neighborhood in the world. However, just like the world it does 12 , Jackson Heights has a problem: Its language are disappearing. Linguists warn that most of the about 7,000 languages spoken on the planet are at risk of dying out. According to UNESCO, the last living speaker of a language dies about every two weeks. This is a cultural 13 driven by several factors. Fortunately, linguists are exploring different solutions to bring them back from the verge of 14 . Many of these efforts are focused on digitally 15 endangered languages. Experts hope that even if the languages cannot be saved, they can be kept for future study. One of the earliest and most successful examples is the Rosetta Project launched in 2000 and later supported by Google. The project has grown into a digital library recording more than 3, 000 endangered languages. In addition to collecting 16 data, linguists worldwide are turning to AI. The aim is to build large linguistic databases for endangered languages. This is the prerequisite for building any language-based AI model. In2018, for example, a language center in Australia partnered with Google to build AI models for some indigenous languages. These sorts of measures are an important part of protecting endangered languages. However, not everyone is 17 that the efforts will be enough to save them. In fact, it’s even difficult to build effective AI models of those languages. It’s 18 that less than five percent of the world’s languages can be digitally recorded. Most of them have not had time to train these models. It seems that useful AI models are still a 19 dream for most endangered languages. Still, the current technology can act as an educational tool. It provides protection against the further erosion of endangered languages. In2021, for example, Google Arts & Culture introduced Woolaroo. The app was designed to help younger generations 20 with their linguistic heritage. In Woolaroo, the user can point their phone at an object—say, a tree. Then they’ll see and hear the word in more than ten indigenous languages from around the world. “I don’t believe we can save these endangered languages with just Al,” says linguist Daan van Esch. “A language is only saved when people continue to speak it. But if AI can be a tool that makes speaking it easier, then I consider that a job well done.” 考点三Unit 3 Charity 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 Alberta /ælˈbɜːtə/ 专有名词 阿尔伯塔省 (加拿大省名) 2 aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到；力争做到 3 annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/ n. 恼怒；生气；烦恼 4 bend /bend/ n. (尤指道路或河流的) 拐弯，弯道 5 charitable /ˈtʃærətəbl/ adj. 慈善团体的；慈善事业的 6 cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 面颊；脸颊 7 coat /kəʊt/ v. 给... 涂上一层；用... 覆盖 8 comforting /ˈkʌmfətɪŋ/ adj. 令人安慰的 9 confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的 10 delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 高兴的；愉快的△ 11 drive-through /ˈdraɪv θruː/ n. 不必下车即可得到服务的餐馆 (或银行等)△ 12 drugstore /ˈdrʌɡstɔː/ n. (兼售化妆品等的) 药房△ 13 end up 短语 最终成为；最后处于 14 engine /ˈendʒɪn/ n. 发动机；引擎 15 expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表情；神色 16 facial /ˈfeɪʃl/ adj. 面部的△ 17 fierce /fɪəs/ adj. (天气或温度) 狂暴的；恶劣的；凶猛的；凶狠的；凶残的△ 18 flow /fləʊ/ n.；v. n. 流；流动；v.(液体、气体或电) 流；(使) 光亮，放光彩 19 foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. 基金会 20 found /faʊnd/ v. 创建，创办 (组织或机构，尤指提供资金) 21 frost /frɒst/ n. 霜；霜冻 22 greet /ɡriːt/ v. 对... 作出反应；和 (某人) 打招呼 (或问好)；欢迎；迎接 23 glare /ɡleə/ v. 怒目而视△ 24 gratitude /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激之情；感谢△ 25 handful /ˈhændfʊl/ n. 一把 (的量)；用手抓起的数量 26 headset /ˈhedset/ n. (尤指带麦克风的) 头戴式受话器，耳机△ 27 humble /ˈhʌmbl/ v. 使感到卑微 28 impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的 29 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v. 赋予灵感；引起联想；启发思考 30 leather /ˈleðə/ n. 皮革 31 light up 短语 (使) 光亮，放光彩 32 motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动机 33 needy /ˈniːdi/ adj. 缺乏生活必需品的；贫困的△ 34 necessity /nəˈsesəti/ n. 必需的事物；必需品△ 35 non-profit /ˌnɒn ˈprɒfɪt/ adj. (机构) 不以营利为目的的；非营利的 36 prompt /prɒmpt/ v. 促使；导致△ 37 random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 与众不同的，出人意料的，不可思议的；随机的，随意的 38 seal /siːl/ v. 密封 (容器)；封上 (信封)△ 39 slideshow /ˈslaɪdʃəʊ/ n. (常指讲演中的) 幻灯片放映△ 40 snowflake /ˈsnəʊfleɪk/ n. 雪花；雪片△ 41 spit /spɪt/ v. 啐唾沫 (常表示愤怒或鄙视)；吐，唾 (唾沫、食物等) 42 sub-zero /ˌsʌb ˈzɪərəʊ/ adj. 零下的；零度以下的△ 43 succession /səkˈseʃn/ n. 一连串；一系列；连续的人 (或事物)；交替；更迭△ 44 supervisor /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə/ n. 监督人，指导者；主管人△ 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. prompt（v. 促使）→prompt（adj. 迅速的）→promptly（adv. 立即）例：The urgent situation prompted us to take action, and we responded promptly with a prompt plan.（紧急情况促使我们采取行动，我们凭借迅速的计划立即作出了回应。） 2. annoyance（n. 恼怒）→annoy（v. 使恼怒）→annoying（adj. 令人恼怒的）例：His late arrival annoyed everyone, and his annoying excuses only added to our annoyance.（他迟到让所有人都恼火，他那些令人厌烦的借口更是加剧了我们的不满。） 3. confused（adj. 迷惑的）→confuse（v. 使迷惑）→confusion（n. 困惑）例：The complex instructions confused the students, and their confused expressions showed their confusion.（复杂的说明让学生们很困惑，他们迷茫的表情体现了内心的疑惑。） 4. delighted（adj. 高兴的）→delight（v. 使高兴）→delight（n. 快乐）例：The good news delighted her, and she couldn't hide her delight—she was clearly delighted.（好消息让她很高兴，她掩饰不住内心的喜悦，显然非常开心。） 5. impatient（adj. 不耐烦的）→patient（adj. 耐心的）→patience（n. 耐心）例：He is always impatient when waiting, but we need to be patient and have more patience in difficult times.（他等待时总是不耐烦，但困难时期我们需要有耐心，多一些容忍。） 6. humble（v. 使卑微）→humble（adj. 谦逊的）→humility（n. 谦逊）例：His success didn't make him proud; instead, he remained humble and showed great humility—fame didn't humble him, but he chose to stay modest.（成功没有让他骄傲，相反他依然谦逊，展现出极强的谦卑态度 —— 名气没有让他自轻，但他选择保持低调。） 7. gratitude（n. 感激）→grateful（adj. 感激的）→gratefully（adv. 感激地）例：We are grateful for your help, and we express our gratitude to you gratefully.（我们感激你的帮助，也满怀感激地向你表达谢意。） 8. inspire（v. 启发）→inspiration（n. 灵感）→inspiring（adj. 鼓舞人心的）例：Her story is inspiring and it inspired me to pursue my dreams; it was a great source of inspiration.（她的故事很鼓舞人心，激励我追求梦想，是我灵感的重要来源。） 9. comforting（adj. 令人安慰的）→comfort（v. 安慰）→comfort（n. 安慰）例：His kind words comforted me in my sadness, and the comfort he gave was truly comforting.（他温柔的话语在我难过时安慰了我，他给予的慰藉真的很让人安心。） 10. charitable（adj. 慈善的）→charity（n. 慈善；慈善机构）→（无常规动词形式）例：She is very charitable and often donates money to charity—her charitable actions help many people in need.（她非常乐善好施，经常向慈善机构捐款，她的慈善行为帮助了很多有需要的人。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 light up 使光亮，放光彩；（使）高兴起来 The smile on her face lit up the whole room.（她脸上的笑容让整个房间都亮了起来。） end up 最终成为；最后处于 If you keep wasting time, you will end up achieving nothing.（如果你一直浪费时间，最终会一事无成。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A charitable B foundation C motivate D needy E prompt F furious G necessity H supervisor I grateful J non-profit K disturbance 1. This ______ organization has provided food and clothing for thousands of poor families this year.（这家慈善机构今年已为数千个贫困家庭提供了衣食。） 2. The local ______ donated 1 million yuan to build a new primary school in the rural area.（当地基金会捐赠了 100 万元，在农村地区新建一所小学。） 3. The stories of the volunteers' selfless dedication ______ more people to join the charity work.（志愿者无私奉献的故事激励了更多人加入慈善事业。） 4. The government has launched a new program to help the ______ groups get access to basic medical care.（政府推出了一项新计划，帮助贫困群体获得基本医疗服务。） 5. The urgent need for medical supplies ______ the company to donate a large number of masks and gloves.（对医疗物资的迫切需求促使该公司捐赠了大量口罩和手套。） 6. Food, water and shelter are the basic ______ for human survival.（食物、水和住所是人类生存的基本必需品。） 7. The ______ of the charity project will check the use of funds regularly to ensure transparency.（这个慈善项目的监督人会定期检查资金使用情况，确保透明度。） 8. The elderly couple were ______ to the volunteers who helped them clean their house every month.（这对老夫妇对每月帮他们打扫房子的志愿者心怀感激。） 9. This ______ hospital provides free treatment for children from low-income families.（这家非营利医院为低收入家庭的儿童提供免费治疗。） 10. The sudden ______ in the hall disrupted the charity auction, but it was quickly controlled.（大厅里突然发生的骚乱打断了慈善拍卖会，但很快就得到了控制。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．finances    B．continued    C． decline    D．addressing    E. pressured F. unneedy    G. giving    H. charges    I. reminder    J. skipping    K. cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests for help. But your instinct to be generous should always be tempered with a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities is a good 21 to make sure your donations are put to good use. So, how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 22 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud (欺诈) by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 23 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 24 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 25 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 26 is important to you. Then find charities that are 27 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 28 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 29 against the four cancer charities show that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Chariy Watch, which examine charities’ 30 governance and effectiveness. 考点四Unit 4 Disaster Survival 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 accelerator /əkˈseləreɪtə/ n. (汽车等的) 加速装置，油门△ 2 ALS /eɪ el es/ 专有名词 肌萎缩性 (脊髓) 侧索硬化症 3 arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ v. 整理；排列；布置；安排；筹备 4 ash /æʃ/ n. 灰；灰烬△ 5 brief /briːf/ adj. 简洁的；简单的 6 bury /ˈberi/ v. (以土、石、树叶等) 覆盖；埋葬；安葬 7 burst /bɜːst/ v. (使) 爆裂，(使) 胀开△ 8 burst open 短语 (使) 猛然打开 9 call on 短语 请求，要求，要 (某人做某事) 10 chimpanzee /ˌtʃɪmpænˈziː/ n. 黑猩猩△ 11 collapse /kəˈlæps/ v. (突然) 倒塌，坍塌 12 contributor /kənˈtrɪbjuːtə/ n. 作出贡献者 13 cigarette /ˌsɪɡəˈret/ n. 香烟；纸烟；卷烟 14 disturbed /dɪˈstɜːbd/ adj. 心神不安的；心烦意乱的；烦恼的 15 ease /iːz/ v. (使) 小心缓缓地移动 16 explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/ v. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂 17 furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ adj. 激烈的；猛烈的；盛怒的；狂怒的；暴怒的 18 Grace Hopper /ɡreɪs ˈhɒpə/ 专有名词 格蕾丝・霍珀 (1906-1992，计算机科学家、数学家) 19 honk /hɒŋk/ v. (使汽车喇叭) 鸣响△ 20 Jane Goodall /dʒeɪn ˈɡʊdl/ 专有名词 珍妮・古道尔 (1934 年 4 月 3 日 -，动物学家) 21 layer /ˈleɪə/ n. 层；表层△ 22 leap /liːp/ v. 猛冲；跳；跳跃；跳越△ 23 lump /lʌmp/ n. (通常为无定形的) 块△ 24 mayor /meə/ n. (民选的) 市长，镇长△ 25 measure /ˈmeʒə/ n. 措施；方法 26 pipe /paɪp/ n. 管子；管道 27 pile /paɪl/ n. 摞；垛；沓△ 28 plaster /ˈplɑːstə/ n. 灰泥△ 29 pour /pɔː/ v. 倾泻；喷发 30 port /pɔːt/ n. 港口；避风港；港口城市；口岸城市 31 potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 可能性；潜在性 32 prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实 33 raw /rɔː/ adj. 红肿疼痛的；皮肤破损的；擦伤的；生的；未烹制的；未煮的 34 resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ n. 居民；住户 35 rip /rɪp/ v. (突然或猛烈地) 撕破，裂开△ 36 roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 粗暴地△ 37 rumbling /ˈrʌmblɪŋ/ n. 低沉而持续的声音△ 38 San Francisco /ˌsæn frænˈsɪskəʊ/ 专有名词 旧金山 (美国加利福尼亚州西部港市) 39 shatter /ˈʃætə/ v. (使) 破碎，(使) 碎裂△ 40 shopkeeper /ˈʃɒpkiːpə/ n. (通常指小商店的) 店主 41 sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ n. (马路边的) 人行道△ 42 sneeze /sniːz/ n. 喷嚏；喷嚏声 43 software /ˈsɒftweə/ n. 软件 44 spill /spɪl/ v. 涌出；蜂拥而出；(使) 洒出，(使) 泼出，(使) 溢出△ 45 spot /spɒt/ n. 污迹；污渍；斑点 46 stagger /ˈstæɡə/ v. 摇摇晃晃地走；蹒跚 47 stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸展 48 sturdy /ˈstɜːdi/ adj. 结实的；坚固的△ 49 strand /strænd/ v. 使滞留；使搁浅△ 50 Stephen Hawking /ˈstiːvn ˈhɔːkɪŋ/ 专有名词 斯蒂芬・霍金 ([1942-2018] 物理学家、宇宙学家、数学家、思想家、哲学家) 51 stick...out 短语 (使从某物中) 伸出，探出，突出 52 shift /ʃɪft/ v. 转移；挪动 53 sway /sweɪ/ v. (使) 摇摆，(使) 摇动△ 54 synthesizer /ˈsɪnθəsaɪzə/ n. 音响合成器△ 55 throat /θrəʊt/ n. 咽喉；喉咙△ 56 thunder /ˈθʌndə/ n. 雷；雷声 57 tumble /ˈtʌmbl/ v. 倒塌；坍塌；滚落，翻滚下来；(使) 跌倒，(使) 摔倒 58 Typhoon Mangkhut /taɪˈfuːn ˈmæŋkʊt/ 专有名词 台风山竹，为 2018 年太平洋台风季第 22 个被命名的热带气旋 59 unsteady /ʌnˈstedɪ/ adj. 抖动的；摇晃的△ 60 wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə/ n. 轮椅△ 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. arrange（v. 安排）→arrangement（n. 安排；布置）→arranged（adj. 安排好的）例：We need to arrange a meeting with the client, and the arrangement should be completed by Friday—the arranged time is 2 pm next Monday.（我们需要和客户安排一次会议，安排工作应在周五前完成 —— 约定的时间是下周一下午 2 点。） 2. explode（v. 爆炸）→explosion（n. 爆炸）→explosive（adj. 爆炸的；易爆炸的）例：The sudden explosion of the gas tank shocked everyone, and the area was filled with explosive materials after the tank exploded.（煤气罐突然爆炸让所有人都震惊，罐子爆炸后该区域布满了易爆物质。） 3. collapse（v. 倒塌）→collapse（n. 倒塌；崩溃）→（无常规形容词形式，常搭配 “cause a collapse” 使用）例：The old building collapsed after the earthquake, and the collapse caused many injuries.（地震后这座旧建筑倒塌了，坍塌造成了多人受伤。） 4. furious（adj. 狂怒的；猛烈的）→fury（n. 狂怒；暴怒）→furiously（adv. 狂怒地；猛烈地）例：He was furious when he heard the news, and he shouted furiously—his fury scared everyone around.（听到消息时他勃然大怒，愤怒地大喊，他的暴怒吓坏了周围的人。） 5. prove（v. 证明）→proof（n. 证据；证明）→provable（adj. 可证明的）例：We need to prove his guilt with solid proof, and this theory is provable through experiments.（我们需要用确凿的证据证明他有罪，这个理论可以通过实验证明。） 6. brief（adj. 简洁的）→briefly（adv. 简要地）→briefing（n. 简报；情况介绍会）例：Please explain the plan briefly in a brief report, and we will have a briefing to discuss it later.（请在简洁的报告中简要说明计划，之后我们会开简报会讨论。） 7. potential（n. 潜在性）→potential（adj. 潜在的）→potentially（adv. 潜在地）例：This area has great potential for development, and there are potential risks that we need to consider potentially.（这个地区有很大的发展潜力，但也存在我们需要潜在考虑的风险。） 8. contributor（n. 贡献者）→contribute（v. 贡献；捐献）→contribution（n. 贡献；捐款）例：She is a key contributor to the project and continues to contribute her ideas; her contribution is highly valued.（她是项目的核心贡献者，不断提出想法，她的贡献备受重视。） 9. employ（v. 雇用）→employee（n. 雇员）→employment（n. 就业；雇用）例：The company plans to employ 50 new employees this year, which will help reduce the employment pressure in the area.（该公司计划今年雇用 50 名新员工，这将有助于缓解该地区的就业压力。） 10. shift（v. 转移）→shift（n. 转移；轮班）→shifting（adj. 不断变化的）例：We need to shift our focus to customer service, and the shift in strategy requires shifting resources to related departments.（我们需要将重点转移到客户服务上，战略的转变需要将资源调配到相关部门。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 burst open （使）猛然打开 The door burst open when the wind blew strongly.（风刮得很大时，门突然被吹开了。） call on 请求，要求，要（某人做某事） The teacher called on me to answer the question in class.（老师让我在课堂上回答这个问题。） stick...out （使从某物中）伸出，探出，突出 He stuck his head out of the window to see what was happening outside.（他把头伸出窗外，想看看外面发生了什么。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A collapse B damage C explode D leak E rescue F sturdy G raw H thunder I tornado J typhoon K weary - 1. The old building began to ______ after the strong earthquake, so people were evacuated immediately.（强烈地震后，这座旧楼开始坍塌，人们立即被疏散。） 2. The flood ______ many houses in the village, leaving hundreds of people homeless.（洪水毁坏了村里的许多房屋，导致数百人无家可归。） 3. The gas tank might ______ if it is exposed to high temperature, so we must keep it away from fire.（煤气罐如果暴露在高温下可能会爆炸，所以我们必须让它远离火源。） 4. The pipe in the basement started to ______ last night, and the floor was covered with water this morning.（地下室的水管昨晚开始漏水，今天早上地面全是水。） 5. The rescue team worked day and night to ______ the trapped people in the collapsed mine.（救援队日夜奋战，营救被困在坍塌矿井中的人员。） 6. This ______ tent can withstand strong winds and heavy rain, so it is widely used in disaster relief.（这种结实的帐篷能抵御大风大雨，因此在救灾中被广泛使用。） 7. His hands were ______ from digging through the ruins, but he still refused to stop resting.（他的手在挖掘废墟时被擦伤，但他仍拒绝停下来休息。） 8. The loud ______ and flash of lightning made the children very scared during the storm.（暴风雨中，巨大的雷声和闪电让孩子们非常害怕。） 9. A strong ______ hit the coastal city yesterday, destroying many boats and trees along the shore.（昨天一场强台风袭击了这座沿海城市，摧毁了岸边的许多船只和树木。） 10. The ______ swept through the small town, lifting cars and tearing down houses in a few minutes.（龙卷风席卷了这个小镇，几分钟内就掀起了汽车、摧毁了房屋。） 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．starve  B．overtake  C． fundamentals  D．consuming  E. backfires  F. contain  G. developing  H. thin  I. evacuating  J. supplies  K. present How Wildfires Can Grow Deadly Overnight In the past two decades, the number of Americans at risk of experiencing a wildfire has doubled. At the beginning of 2025, multiple large wildfires burning around Los Angeles had tens of thousands of residents 31 as the fires showed no sign of slowing their spread.   The spark that caused the fires is under investigation, but the risk of wildfires 32 has been extremely high in Southern California. January is typically the rainy season in Los Angeles, but this winter, rainfall has been scarce. Besides, the region’s seasonal winds created 100 mph gusts in some areas. These warm, dry winds spread the hot ashes that spark new flames and can make it more difficult for firefighters to   33 fires.   Wildfires can burn millions of acres of land at shockingly fast speeds, 34 everything in their paths. These rolling flames travel up to 14 miles an hour, which converts to about a four-minute-mile pace, and can 35 the average human in minutes.   That’s why it’s critical to understand how wildfires get started and how to stop them. Natural or man-made, three conditions must be 36 for wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Firefighters call these three elements the fire triangle.   Firefighters battle blazes by depriving them of one or more of the fire triangle 37 . One traditional method is to put out existing fires with water and spray fire retardants (阻燃剂). Firefighters also sometimes work in teams to clear vegetation from the land around a fire and eventually 38 it of fuel. They may also employ controlled burning, creating   39 breaks to stop a wildfire. This method involves fighting fire with fire. These prescribed — and controlled — fires remove undergrowth, brush, and litter from a forest, depriving an otherwise raging wildfire of fuel.   Although they can be dangerous to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. By burning dead or decaying matter, they can return otherwise trapped nutrients to the soil. Besides, wildfires 40 forest canopies (树冠) and undergrowth, allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor and a new generation of seedlings to grow. In fact, some trees, like sequoias, rely on fire for their seeds to even open. 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第05讲 沪外版选择性必修二词汇 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 Unit 1 Scientists 4 知识点1 读单词、识词义 4 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 6 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 7 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 7 考向2 单元话题选词填空 8 考点二 Unit 2 Language and Mind 13 知识点1 读单词、识词义 13 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 14 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 15 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 16 考向2 单元话题选词填空 18 考点三 Unit 3 Charity 21 知识点1 读单词、识词义 21 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 21 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 23 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 24 考向2 单元话题选词填空 26 考点四 Unit 4 Disaster Survival 30 知识点1 读单词、识词义 31 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 31 知识点3 重点短语词组固定搭配 32 考向1 补全句子（本单元重点词汇巩固） 32 考向2 单元话题选词填空 35 考点要求 考题统计 考情分析 教材词汇 课标词汇 近几年出现超纲词（含熟词生义；派生词；转化词） perception strategic methodology eradicate alleviate mitigate 一：新高考词汇难度增大。高频词深度化考查成为绝对主流；检测学生对核心词在语篇语境下的词汇深层理解和运用能力，要求建立以核心词为主的语义网络。 二：学术词汇（AWL）考查量激增与语境化。学术词汇表（Academic Word List）在最近试卷中出现频率增长较多，且呈现：生物领域：culture=细胞培养（非文化） 经济文本：fluctuation=市场波动。检测"中国文化→英语思维→国际表达"的转换能力，要求考生建立概念对等而非字面对应的认知模式。在备考中，应当注重掌握课标，扩充课外阅读量。 1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。 2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。 3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。 4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力，如情境意识、同义转换和概要思维能力。 复习目标：以新课标词汇+考纲词汇为依据，上外、上教版新教材单词表为蓝本，以近年新高考真题为导向，在一轮词汇复习中夯实词汇基础，并反复积累，运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力，大胆猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。 考点一Unit1 Scientists 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 advance /ədˈvɑːns/ n. 进步，进展 2 assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. 分配 (某物)；分派，布置 (工作、任务) 3 bomb /bɒm/ v. 轰炸；对... 投炸弹 4 breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 重大进展；突破△ 5 Cambridge University /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 剑桥大学 6 chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家 7 clarity /ˈklærəti/ n. 清晰的思维 (或理解) 能力△ 8 couple /ˈkʌpl/ v. 连接，结合 9 credit /ˈkredɪt/ n. 赞扬；称赞；认可 10 crystallography /ˌkrɪstəˈlɒɡrəfi/ n. 晶体学△ 11 crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 12 cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ v. 骑自行车；骑自行车旅行 13 data /ˈdeɪtə/ n. 数据，资料 14 disapproval /ˌdɪsəˈpruːvl/ n. 不赞成；反对△ 15 doctorate /ˈdɒktərət/ n. 博士学位△ 16 DNA /ˌdiː en ˈeɪ/ 专有名词 脱氧核糖核酸 17 earn /ɜːn/ v. 赢得，博得 18 evidence /ˈevɪdəns/ n. 根据；证明；证据 19 female /ˈfiːmeɪl/ adj. 女性的 20 fellow /ˈfeləʊ/ adj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 21 Francis Crick /ˈfrɑːnsɪs krɪk/ 专有名词 弗朗西斯・克里克 (1916 年 - 2004 年，生物学家，物理学家，神经科学家) 22 gender /ˈdʒendə/ n. 性别 (尤指社会和文化差异，而非生理差异) 23 get hold of 短语 抓住；拿着；得到；获得 24 get in the way of 短语 挡... 路；妨碍 25 helix /ˈhiːlɪks/ n. 螺旋 (形)△ 26 inequality /ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ n. 不平等；不平衡；不平均△ 27 James Watson /dʒeɪmz ˈwɒtsən/ 专有名词 詹姆斯・沃森 (1928 年 4 月 6 日 -，分子生物学家) 28 King's College London /kɪŋz ˈkɒlɪdʒ ˈlʌndən/ 专有名词 伦敦国王学院 29 lose heart 短语 丧失信心；泄气 30 make-believe /ˈmeɪk bɪliːv/ n. 虚构；想象△ 31 master /ˈmɑːstə/ v. 掌握，精通 32 Maurice Wilkins /məˈrɪs ˈwɪlkɪnz/ 专有名词 莫里斯・威尔金斯 (1916 年 12 月 15 日 - 2004 年 10 月 5 日，生物物理学家) 33 Nobel Prize /nəʊˈbel praɪz/ 专有名词 诺贝尔奖 (1901 年开始每年在诺贝尔的逝世日 - 12 月 10 日颁发) 34 passion /ˈpæʃn/ n. 酷爱 35 publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表 36 puzzle /ˈpʌzl/ n. 不解之谜；疑问；谜△ 37 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /ˌtʃɪŋhaɪ tɪˈbet ˈplætoʊ/ 专有名词 青藏高原 38 Rosalind Franklin /ˈrəʊzəlɪnd ˈfræŋklɪn/ 专有名词 罗莎琳・富兰克林 (1920 年 - 1958 年，物理化学家、晶体学家) 39 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学 (上) 的；关于科学的 40 Tibet /tɪˈbet/ 专有名词 西藏 41 Tibet University /tɪˈbet ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 西藏大学 42 unfair /ˌʌnˈfeə/ adj. 不公正的；不公平的；待人不平等 43 undying /ʌnˈdaɪɪŋ/ adj. 永恒的；永久的；不朽的△ 44 unnoticed /ˌʌnˈnəʊtɪst/ adj. 未被看见的；未受到注意的；被忽视的 45 virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒；滤过性病毒 46 X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ 专有名词 X 射线 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. scientific（adj. 科学的）→science（n. 科学；理科）→scientist（n. 科学家）例：She has a strong background in science and works as a scientific researcher.（她有扎实的科学背景，担任科学研究员。） 2. advance（n. 进步）→advanced（adj. 先进的；高级的）→advancement（n. 促进；发展）例：This advanced technology has made great advancement in medical treatment.（这项先进技术在医疗领域取得了重大发展。） 3. passion（n. 酷爱）→passionate（adj. 热情的）→passionately（adv. 热情地）例：He is passionate about music and talks passionately about his favorite composers.（他对音乐充满热情，兴致勃勃地谈论最喜欢的作曲家。） 4. publish（v. 发表）→publication（n. 出版；发表）→publisher（n. 出版商）例：The publication of his novel was supported by a famous publisher.（他小说的出版得到了一家知名出版商的支持。） 5. assign（v. 分配）→assignment（n. 任务；作业）→assigned（adj. 指定的）例：The teacher gave us a difficult assignment which was assigned to each group.（老师给我们布置了一项有难度的任务，分配给了每个小组。） 6. evidence（n. 证据）→evident（adj. 明显的）→evidently（adv. 显然）例：It is evident that he is lying, and evidently he has no evidence to prove his innocence.（很明显他在撒谎，而且显然他没有证据证明自己无辜。） 7. credit（n. 赞扬）→credible（adj. 可信的）→credibility（n. 可信度）例：His credible explanation improved his credit among colleagues, and his credibility was no longer doubted.（他可信的解释提升了在同事中的认可度，其可信度也不再受到质疑。） 8. unfair（adj. 不公平的）→fair（adj. 公平的）→fairness（n. 公平）例：We should fight against unfair treatment and pursue fairness in all aspects of life.（我们应反对不公平待遇，在生活各方面追求公平。） 9. breakthrough（n. 突破）→（无常规派生词，常搭配动词 “make” 使用）→make a breakthrough（取得突破）例：After years of research, the team finally made a major breakthrough in cancer treatment.（经过多年研究，该团队终于在癌症治疗领域取得重大突破。） 10. couple（v. 连接）→coupling（n. 连接；结合）→coupled（adj. 结合的，常与 “with” 搭配）例：The coupling of theory with practice is important, and coupled with hard work, it will lead to success.（理论与实践的结合很重要，再加上努力，就能走向成功。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 get in the way of 挡…… 路；妨碍 Don't let laziness get in the way of your dreams.（别让懒惰阻碍你的梦想。） get hold of 抓住；拿着；得到；获得 I tried to get hold of the rare book, but it was sold out.（我试图弄到那本珍本书，但它已经卖完了。） lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 Never lose heart even when you face difficulties.（即使遇到困难，也永远不要灰心。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A.breakthrough B.crucial C.scientific D.crystallography E.doctorate F.evidence G.virus H.approval I.passion J.publish K.earn ---- 1. The researchers finally made a major ______ in the study of DNA structure after years of effort.（经过多年努力，研究人员终于在 DNA 结构研究方面取得了重大突破。） 2. It is ______ to collect enough samples before conducting the experiment to ensure accurate results.（进行实验前收集足够的样本对于确保结果准确至关重要。） 3. This ______ report analyzes the data from 500 participants and draws reliable conclusions.（这份科学报告分析了 500 名参与者的数据，并得出了可靠结论。） 4. She spent three years studying ______ and successfully applied its principles to material analysis.（她花了三年时间研究晶体学，并成功将其原理应用于材料分析。） 5. After completing her thesis on molecular biology, she received her ______ from Cambridge University.（完成分子生物学论文后，她获得了剑桥大学的博士学位。） 6. The police are still looking for more ______ to prove the suspect's involvement in the case.（警方仍在寻找更多证据，以证明嫌疑人与该案有关。） 7. This new type of ______ spreads quickly, so we need to take preventive measures in advance.（这种新型病毒传播速度快，我们需要提前采取预防措施。） 8. His dedication to scientific research finally won him the ______ of the international academic community.（他对科研的投入最终赢得了国际学术界的认可。） 9. Her ______ for biology led her to choose it as her major in college.（她对生物学的热爱使她在大学选择了这一专业。） 10. The professor plans to ______ his latest findings in a top international journal next month.（这位教授计划下个月将自己的最新研究成果发表在一份顶级国际期刊上。） 答案 1-5：breakthrough；crucial；scientific；crystallography；doctorate6-10：evidence；virus；approval；passion；publish 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．cultivate    B．reassuring    C． opposing    D．objective    E. confidence F. evidence    G. perceived    H. functioning    I. estimate    J. existing K. scientism Why Doubt Is Essential To Science The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) 1 way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their 2 beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.” But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly 3 , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not 4 trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 5 as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new 6 emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as 7 as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the 8 force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind 9 — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of 10 in the very existence of truth. 【答案】 1．D 2．J 3．H 4．A 5．G 6．F 7．B 8．C 9．K 10．E 【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者给大家解释了“为什么怀疑对科学至关重要”这个问题。 1．考查形容词。句意：当我在年初问学生们如何定义科学时，他们中的许多人回答说，这是一种发现世界确定性的客观方式。分词句子可知，空格处填形容词修饰名词way，objective“客观的”符合题意。故选D项。 2．考查形容词。句意：例如，大多数美国人相信科学，只要它不挑战他们现有的信仰。分析句子可知，空格处填形容词修饰beliefs。结合语境，existing“现存的”符合题意。故选J项。 3．考查状语从句的省略结构。句意：事实上，科学在正常运转时，会质疑公认的事实，并导致新知识和新问题——而不是确定性。分析句子可知，两个逗号中间的内容是状语从句的省略结构，修饰主语science。function作为动词，意为“起作用，运转”，和science构成主动关系，用它的现在分词形式。故选H项。 4．考查动词。句意：怀疑不能培养信任，也无助于公众的理解。从空格前面的doesn’t可知，空格处填动词原形。再结合句意， “培养信任”这个搭配是对的，cultivate“培养”。故选A项。 5．考查动词。句意：作为一名科学史学家，我认为科学家和科学史学家有责任证明，科学的真正力量恰恰在于人们通常认为它的弱点：它质疑和挑战可能的解释的动力，科学方法要求在实验或观察中出现新的证据时，改变我们对自然世界的理解。此句中what引导的从句做介词in的宾语。what指的是被人们认为是弱点的东西。perceive 含义是“认为，感知”符合题意。故选G项。 6．考查名词。句意：科学方法要求在实验或观察中出现新的证据时，改变我们对自然世界的理解。在whenever引导的从句中，此空做主语，一般考虑名词。结合句意“新证据出现”，evidence“证据”符合题意。故选F项。 7．考查形容词。句意：确定性，就像看上去像他们看起来的一样令人安心，实际上阻碍了科学过程。as…as结构中用形容词的原级。结合句意，“确定性，似乎看起来是令人安心的”，reassuring“令人安心的”符合题意。故选B项。 8．考查动名词。句意：科学家们理解这一点，但在公众和科学之间的对立中，有两个重要的陷阱。此空在介词in后面，填名词或者动名词。结合语境，opposing“对立”符合语境。故选C项。 9．考查名词。句意：一种是盲目的科学主义，即相信科学有能力解决所有问题。此空做a form of 的宾语，应填入名词，结合后面的“a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems”可知，scientism“科学主义”符合语境。故选K项。 10．考查名词。句意：另一种是一种相对主义，它是由于对真理的存在缺乏信心而产生的。此空应填入名词。做a lack of的宾语。结合前一句内容“相信科学有能力解决所有问题”可知，另一种就是对科学缺乏信心，confidence“信心”符合语境。故选E项。 考点二Unit 2 Language and Mind 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 Aboriginal /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənl/ adj. 澳大利亚土著的△ 2 Alzheimer's disease /ˈæltshaɪməz dɪˈziːz/ 专有名词 阿尔茨海默病 (Alois Alzheimer [1864-1915]，率先确诊此病的德国精神病学家) 3 beg the question 短语 令人置疑；引起疑问 4 blame /bleɪm/ n. (坏事或错事的) 责任；责备；指责 5 brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/ adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的 6 bilingual /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ adj. 会说两种语言的△ 7 cell /sel/ n. 细胞 8 Charlemagne /ˈʃɑːləmeɪn/ 专有名词 查理曼 (742-814，即查理大帝，法兰克国王 [768-814]、查理曼帝国皇帝 [800-814]) 9 comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. (语言学习中的) 理解练习 (或训练)；理解力；领悟能力 10 considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/ adj. 相当多 (或大、重要等) 的△ 11 corresponding /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndɪŋ/ adj. 符合的；相应的；相关的 12 cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的；感知的；认识的△ 13 distracting /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/ adj. 使分心的，干扰的△ 14 elsewhere /ˌelsˈweə/ adv. 在 (或去、到) 别处 15 employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 雇用 16 enhanced /ɪnˈhɑːnst/ adj. 提高的；增强的 17 filter /ˈfɪltə/ v. (用专门的系统、装置等) 过滤掉，筛除△ 18 global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 19 head-on /ˌhed ˈɒn/ adv. 直接地；正面地 20 highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ n. 最好 (或最精彩、最激动人心) 的部分 21 imaging /ˈɪmɪdʒɪŋ/ n. 成像 22 impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 巨大影响；强大作用 23 journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/ n. (某学科或行业的) 报纸，刊物，杂志 24 Juliet /ˈdʒuːliət/ 专有名词 朱丽叶 (人名) 25 Kuuk Thaayorre /kuːk ˈθaːjʊrə/ 专有名词 库克・萨伊奥里 (澳大利亚少数民族) 26 Lund University /lʌnd ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 隆德大学 27 magnetic /mæɡˈnetɪk/ adj. 磁的；磁性的△ 28 mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ n. 观念模式；思维倾向△ 29 MRI /ˌem ɑː ˈaɪ/ 专有名词 磁共振成像 30 nothing short of 短语 可以说是；无异于；近乎 31 Northwestern University /ˌnɔːθˈwestən ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ 专有名词 西北大学 (美国) 32 on the other hand 短语 (引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等) 另一方面... 33 open up 短语 拓展；打开 34 outperform /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/ v. 超过；胜过△ 35 promising /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 有希望的；有前途的；有出息的△ 36 reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；实际情况 37 resonance /ˈrezənəns/ n. 共鸣；共振△ 38 scan /skæn/ n. 扫描检查△ 39 soul /səʊl/ n. 心性；内心；心灵；灵魂 40 Sweden /ˈswiːdn/ 专有名词 瑞典 (北欧国家) 41 target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ n. 目标 42 trick /trɪk/ n. 引起错觉 (或记忆紊乱) 的事物 43 versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ prep. (比较两种不同想法、选择等) 与... 相对，与... 相比△ 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. impact（n. 影响）→impact（v. 影响）→impactful（adj. 有影响力的）例：The new policy impacted the local economy greatly, and it was an impactful change for small businesses.（新政策对当地经济影响很大，对小企业来说是一次有影响力的变革。） 2. blame（n. 责备）→blame（v. 责怪）→blameless（adj. 无过错的）例：Don't blame him for the mistake—he is blameless and the error was due to a system failure.（别因这个错误责怪他，他没有过错，错误是系统故障导致的。） 3. brilliant（adj. 聪颖的）→brilliance（n. 才华）→brilliantly（adv. 出色地）例：Her brilliance in math made her stand out, and she solved the problem brilliantly.（她在数学方面的才华让她脱颖而出，她出色地解决了这个问题。） 4. promising（adj. 有希望的）→promise（v. 预示；承诺）→promise（n. 希望；承诺）例：The new technology promises a bright future, and it shows great promise in environmental protection.（这项新技术预示着光明的未来，在环境保护方面展现出巨大潜力。） 5. enhanced（adj. 增强的）→enhance（v. 提高；增强）→enhancement（n. 增强；提升）例：Regular exercise can enhance physical health, and the enhancement of immunity is one of its benefits.（规律运动能增强身体健康，免疫力提升是其好处之一。） 6. comprehension（n. 理解力）→comprehend（v. 理解）→comprehensive（adj. 全面的）例：It's important to comprehend basic concepts first, and a comprehensive reading plan can improve comprehension.（先理解基本概念很重要，全面的阅读计划能提升理解力。） 7. corresponding（adj. 相应的）→correspond（v. 符合；通信）→correspondence（n. 通信；符合）例：His actions correspond with his words, and there is a clear correspondence between his goals and his efforts.（他言行一致，他的目标和努力之间有明显的契合。） 8. distracting（adj. 分心的）→distract（v. 使分心）→distraction（n. 分心事物）例：Loud noise can distract students from studying, and such distraction affects their learning efficiency.（噪音会让学生学习分心，这种干扰影响他们的学习效率。） 9. considerable（adj. 相当多的）→consider（v. 考虑）→consideration（n. 考虑）例：We need to consider all factors before making a decision, and considerable time should be spent on this consideration.（做决定前我们需要考虑所有因素，这项思考应花费相当多的时间。） 10. bilingual（adj. 双语的）→bilingualism（n. 双语能力）→（无常规动词形式）例：Growing up in a bilingual family helped her develop bilingualism, and her bilingual skills are an advantage in her career.（在双语家庭长大让她培养了双语能力，她的双语技能是职业优势。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 open up 拓展；打开 Traveling can open up our horizons and let us experience different cultures.（旅行能拓展我们的视野，让我们体验不同的文化。） nothing short of 可以说是；无异于；近乎 His performance in the competition was nothing short of perfect.（他在比赛中的表现可以说是完美的。） beg the question 令人置疑；引起疑问 His explanation begs the question—if he was busy, why did he have time to watch a movie?（他的解释令人置疑 —— 如果他很忙，为什么有时间看电影？） on the other hand （引出不同的，尤指对立的观点）另一方面…… Studying abroad has many benefits; on the other hand, it can be very expensive.（出国留学有很多好处；另一方面，它可能非常昂贵。） light up 使光亮，放光彩；（使）高兴起来 The smile on her face lit up the whole room.（她脸上的笑容让整个房间都亮了起来。） end up 最终成为；最后处于 If you keep wasting time, you will end up achieving nothing.（如果你一直浪费时间，最终会一事无成。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A cognitive B brilliant C enhance D journal E potential F resident G global H impact I target J bilingual K puzzle - 1. This training course is designed to improve children's ______ abilities such as memory and attention.（这一培训课程旨在提升儿童的记忆、注意力等认知能力。） 2. The ______ young scientist proposed a new theory that solved the long-standing problem in physics.（这位才华横溢的年轻科学家提出了新理论，解决了物理学界长期存在的难题。） 3. Regular reading can ______ your vocabulary and help you express yourself more clearly.（定期阅读能扩充你的词汇量，帮助你更清晰地表达自己。） 4. This academic ______ publishes the latest research results in the field of psychology every quarter.（这份学术期刊每季度发表心理学领域的最新研究成果。） 5. We need to tap into the students' creative ______ and encourage them to think independently.（我们需要挖掘学生的创新潜力，鼓励他们独立思考。） 6. As a ______ of this community for 10 years, she knows almost everyone here.（作为这个社区 10 年的居民，她几乎认识这里的每一个人。） 7. Climate change is a ______ issue that requires the joint efforts of all countries.（气候变化是一个全球性问题，需要各国共同努力。） 8. The new policy will have a positive ______ on the development of the local education sector.（这项新政策将对当地教育领域的发展产生积极影响。） 9. Our main ______ this year is to increase customer satisfaction by 20% through improved services.（我们今年的主要目标是通过提升服务质量，将客户满意度提高 20%。） 10. Being ______ gives her an advantage in the international business environment.（会说两种语言使她在国际商务环境中具备优势。） 答案 1-5：cognitive；brilliant；enhance；journal；potential 6-10：resident；global；impact；target；bilingual 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．distant     B．extinction     C． represent     D．distinguished     E. diverse     F. convinced G. documenting     H. engage     I. tragedy     J. linguistic     K. estimated The Race to Save the World’s Disappearing Languages To spend an afternoon in Jackson Heights is to spend an afternoon touring the world. The neighborhood is home to some 180,000 people. These people speak more than 160 of the 700-plus languages that have been recorded in New York City. It is commonly believed to be the most linguistically 11 neighborhood in the world. However, just like the world it does 12 , Jackson Heights has a problem: Its language are disappearing. Linguists warn that most of the about 7,000 languages spoken on the planet are at risk of dying out. According to UNESCO, the last living speaker of a language dies about every two weeks. This is a cultural 13 driven by several factors. Fortunately, linguists are exploring different solutions to bring them back from the verge of 14 . Many of these efforts are focused on digitally 15 endangered languages. Experts hope that even if the languages cannot be saved, they can be kept for future study. One of the earliest and most successful examples is the Rosetta Project launched in 2000 and later supported by Google. The project has grown into a digital library recording more than 3, 000 endangered languages. In addition to collecting 16 data, linguists worldwide are turning to AI. The aim is to build large linguistic databases for endangered languages. This is the prerequisite for building any language-based AI model. In2018, for example, a language center in Australia partnered with Google to build AI models for some indigenous languages. These sorts of measures are an important part of protecting endangered languages. However, not everyone is 17 that the efforts will be enough to save them. In fact, it’s even difficult to build effective AI models of those languages. It’s 18 that less than five percent of the world’s languages can be digitally recorded. Most of them have not had time to train these models. It seems that useful AI models are still a 19 dream for most endangered languages. Still, the current technology can act as an educational tool. It provides protection against the further erosion of endangered languages. In2021, for example, Google Arts & Culture introduced Woolaroo. The app was designed to help younger generations 20 with their linguistic heritage. In Woolaroo, the user can point their phone at an object—say, a tree. Then they’ll see and hear the word in more than ten indigenous languages from around the world. “I don’t believe we can save these endangered languages with just Al,” says linguist Daan van Esch. “A language is only saved when people continue to speak it. But if AI can be a tool that makes speaking it easier, then I consider that a job well done.” 【答案】 11．E 12．C 13．I 14．B 15．G 16．J 17．F 18．K 19．A 20．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了世界上许多语言正面临消失的危险，以及语言学家为拯救这些濒危语言所做的努力。 11．考查形容词。句意：它通常被认为是世界上语言最多样化的社区。由上文“The neighborhood is home to some 180,000 people. These people speak more than 160 of the 700-plus languages”可知，句子表示“它通常被认为是世界上语言最多样化的社区”，空格处意为“多样化的”，是diverse，故选E。 12．考查时态。句意：然而，就像它所代表的世界一样，杰克逊高地也有一个问题：它的语言正在消失。由上文“These people speak more than 160 of the 700-plus languages that have been recorded in New York City”可知，句子表示“就像它所代表的世界一样”，空格处意为“代表”，是represent，空前有does，时态是一般现在时，空格处用原形，故选C。 13．考查名词。句意：这是一场由几个因素驱动的文化悲剧。由上文“about 7,000 languages spoken on the planet are at risk of dying out”可知，句子表示“这是一场由几个因素驱动的文化悲剧”，空格处意为“悲剧”，是tragedy，空前有a，空格处用单数，故选I。 14．考查名词。句意：幸运的是，语言学家正在探索不同的解决方案，将它们从灭绝的边缘带回来。由上文“Linguists warn that most of the about 7,000 languages spoken on the planet are at risk of dying out”可知，句子表示“语言学家正在探索不同的解决方案，将它们从灭绝的边缘带回来”，空格处意为“灭绝”，用名词extinction作宾语，故选B。 15．考查动名词。句意：其中许多努力都集中在以数字方式记录濒危语言上。由下文“Experts hope that even if the languages cannot be saved, they can be kept for future study”可知，句子表示“其中许多努力都集中在以数字方式记录濒危语言上”，空格处意为“记录”，是document，空格处用动名词作宾语，故选G。 16．考查形容词。句意：除了收集语言数据，世界各地的语言学家都在转向人工智能。由上文“digitally documenting endangered languages”可知，句子表示“除了收集语言数据，世界各地的语言学家都在转向人工智能”，空格处意为“语言的”，用形容词linguistic作定语，修饰名词data，故选J。 17．考查形容词。句意：然而，并不是每个人都相信这些努力足以拯救它们。由下文“that the efforts will be enough to save them. In fact, it’s even difficult to build effective AI models of those languages”可知，句子表示“并不是每个人都相信这些努力足以拯救它们”，空格处意为“相信的”，是convinced，故选F。 18．考查被动语态。句意：据估计，世界上只有不到5%的语言可以被数字记录下来。由下文“less than five percent of the world’s languages can be digitally recorded”可知，句子表示“据估计，世界上只有不到5%的语言可以被数字记录下来”，空格处意为“估计”，是estimate，句子用被动语态，空格处用过去分词，故选K。 19．考查形容词。句意：对于大多数濒危语言来说，有用的人工智能模型似乎仍然是一个遥远的梦想。由上文“less than five percent of the world’s languages can be digitally recorded. Most of them have not had time to train these models”可知，句子表示“对于大多数濒危语言来说，有用的人工智能模型似乎仍然是一个遥远的梦想”，空格处意为“遥远的”，用形容词distant作定语，修饰名词dream，故选A。 20．考查不定式。句意：这款应用旨在帮助年轻一代了解他们的语言遗产。由“with their linguistic heritage”可知，句子表示“这款应用旨在帮助年轻一代了解他们的语言遗产”，engage with是固定短语，意为“与……接触”，空格处是engage，help sb. do sth.是固定短语，意为“帮助某人做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选H。 考点三Unit 3 Charity 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 Alberta /ælˈbɜːtə/ 专有名词 阿尔伯塔省 (加拿大省名) 2 aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到；力争做到 3 annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/ n. 恼怒；生气；烦恼 4 bend /bend/ n. (尤指道路或河流的) 拐弯，弯道 5 charitable /ˈtʃærətəbl/ adj. 慈善团体的；慈善事业的 6 cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 面颊；脸颊 7 coat /kəʊt/ v. 给... 涂上一层；用... 覆盖 8 comforting /ˈkʌmfətɪŋ/ adj. 令人安慰的 9 confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的 10 delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 高兴的；愉快的△ 11 drive-through /ˈdraɪv θruː/ n. 不必下车即可得到服务的餐馆 (或银行等)△ 12 drugstore /ˈdrʌɡstɔː/ n. (兼售化妆品等的) 药房△ 13 end up 短语 最终成为；最后处于 14 engine /ˈendʒɪn/ n. 发动机；引擎 15 expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表情；神色 16 facial /ˈfeɪʃl/ adj. 面部的△ 17 fierce /fɪəs/ adj. (天气或温度) 狂暴的；恶劣的；凶猛的；凶狠的；凶残的△ 18 flow /fləʊ/ n.；v. n. 流；流动；v.(液体、气体或电) 流；(使) 光亮，放光彩 19 foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/ n. 基金会 20 found /faʊnd/ v. 创建，创办 (组织或机构，尤指提供资金) 21 frost /frɒst/ n. 霜；霜冻 22 greet /ɡriːt/ v. 对... 作出反应；和 (某人) 打招呼 (或问好)；欢迎；迎接 23 glare /ɡleə/ v. 怒目而视△ 24 gratitude /ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激之情；感谢△ 25 handful /ˈhændfʊl/ n. 一把 (的量)；用手抓起的数量 26 headset /ˈhedset/ n. (尤指带麦克风的) 头戴式受话器，耳机△ 27 humble /ˈhʌmbl/ v. 使感到卑微 28 impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 不耐烦的；没有耐心的 29 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə/ v. 赋予灵感；引起联想；启发思考 30 leather /ˈleðə/ n. 皮革 31 light up 短语 (使) 光亮，放光彩 32 motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动机 33 needy /ˈniːdi/ adj. 缺乏生活必需品的；贫困的△ 34 necessity /nəˈsesəti/ n. 必需的事物；必需品△ 35 non-profit /ˌnɒn ˈprɒfɪt/ adj. (机构) 不以营利为目的的；非营利的 36 prompt /prɒmpt/ v. 促使；导致△ 37 random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 与众不同的，出人意料的，不可思议的；随机的，随意的 38 seal /siːl/ v. 密封 (容器)；封上 (信封)△ 39 slideshow /ˈslaɪdʃəʊ/ n. (常指讲演中的) 幻灯片放映△ 40 snowflake /ˈsnəʊfleɪk/ n. 雪花；雪片△ 41 spit /spɪt/ v. 啐唾沫 (常表示愤怒或鄙视)；吐，唾 (唾沫、食物等) 42 sub-zero /ˌsʌb ˈzɪərəʊ/ adj. 零下的；零度以下的△ 43 succession /səkˈseʃn/ n. 一连串；一系列；连续的人 (或事物)；交替；更迭△ 44 supervisor /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə/ n. 监督人，指导者；主管人△ 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. prompt（v. 促使）→prompt（adj. 迅速的）→promptly（adv. 立即）例：The urgent situation prompted us to take action, and we responded promptly with a prompt plan.（紧急情况促使我们采取行动，我们凭借迅速的计划立即作出了回应。） 2. annoyance（n. 恼怒）→annoy（v. 使恼怒）→annoying（adj. 令人恼怒的）例：His late arrival annoyed everyone, and his annoying excuses only added to our annoyance.（他迟到让所有人都恼火，他那些令人厌烦的借口更是加剧了我们的不满。） 3. confused（adj. 迷惑的）→confuse（v. 使迷惑）→confusion（n. 困惑）例：The complex instructions confused the students, and their confused expressions showed their confusion.（复杂的说明让学生们很困惑，他们迷茫的表情体现了内心的疑惑。） 4. delighted（adj. 高兴的）→delight（v. 使高兴）→delight（n. 快乐）例：The good news delighted her, and she couldn't hide her delight—she was clearly delighted.（好消息让她很高兴，她掩饰不住内心的喜悦，显然非常开心。） 5. impatient（adj. 不耐烦的）→patient（adj. 耐心的）→patience（n. 耐心）例：He is always impatient when waiting, but we need to be patient and have more patience in difficult times.（他等待时总是不耐烦，但困难时期我们需要有耐心，多一些容忍。） 6. humble（v. 使卑微）→humble（adj. 谦逊的）→humility（n. 谦逊）例：His success didn't make him proud; instead, he remained humble and showed great humility—fame didn't humble him, but he chose to stay modest.（成功没有让他骄傲，相反他依然谦逊，展现出极强的谦卑态度 —— 名气没有让他自轻，但他选择保持低调。） 7. gratitude（n. 感激）→grateful（adj. 感激的）→gratefully（adv. 感激地）例：We are grateful for your help, and we express our gratitude to you gratefully.（我们感激你的帮助，也满怀感激地向你表达谢意。） 8. inspire（v. 启发）→inspiration（n. 灵感）→inspiring（adj. 鼓舞人心的）例：Her story is inspiring and it inspired me to pursue my dreams; it was a great source of inspiration.（她的故事很鼓舞人心，激励我追求梦想，是我灵感的重要来源。） 9. comforting（adj. 令人安慰的）→comfort（v. 安慰）→comfort（n. 安慰）例：His kind words comforted me in my sadness, and the comfort he gave was truly comforting.（他温柔的话语在我难过时安慰了我，他给予的慰藉真的很让人安心。） 10. charitable（adj. 慈善的）→charity（n. 慈善；慈善机构）→（无常规动词形式）例：She is very charitable and often donates money to charity—her charitable actions help many people in need.（她非常乐善好施，经常向慈善机构捐款，她的慈善行为帮助了很多有需要的人。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 light up 使光亮，放光彩；（使）高兴起来 The smile on her face lit up the whole room.（她脸上的笑容让整个房间都亮了起来。） end up 最终成为；最后处于 If you keep wasting time, you will end up achieving nothing.（如果你一直浪费时间，最终会一事无成。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A charitable B foundation C motivate D needy E prompt F furious G necessity H supervisor I grateful J non-profit K disturbance 1. This ______ organization has provided food and clothing for thousands of poor families this year.（这家慈善机构今年已为数千个贫困家庭提供了衣食。） 2. The local ______ donated 1 million yuan to build a new primary school in the rural area.（当地基金会捐赠了 100 万元，在农村地区新建一所小学。） 3. The stories of the volunteers' selfless dedication ______ more people to join the charity work.（志愿者无私奉献的故事激励了更多人加入慈善事业。） 4. The government has launched a new program to help the ______ groups get access to basic medical care.（政府推出了一项新计划，帮助贫困群体获得基本医疗服务。） 5. The urgent need for medical supplies ______ the company to donate a large number of masks and gloves.（对医疗物资的迫切需求促使该公司捐赠了大量口罩和手套。） 6. Food, water and shelter are the basic ______ for human survival.（食物、水和住所是人类生存的基本必需品。） 7. The ______ of the charity project will check the use of funds regularly to ensure transparency.（这个慈善项目的监督人会定期检查资金使用情况，确保透明度。） 8. The elderly couple were ______ to the volunteers who helped them clean their house every month.（这对老夫妇对每月帮他们打扫房子的志愿者心怀感激。） 9. This ______ hospital provides free treatment for children from low-income families.（这家非营利医院为低收入家庭的儿童提供免费治疗。） 10. The sudden ______ in the hall disrupted the charity auction, but it was quickly controlled.（大厅里突然发生的骚乱打断了慈善拍卖会，但很快就得到了控制。） 答案 1-5：charitable；foundation；motivate；needy；prompt 6-10：necessity；supervisor；grateful；non-profit；disturbance 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．finances    B．continued    C． decline    D．addressing    E. pressured F. unneedy    G. giving    H. charges    I. reminder    J. skipping    K. cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests for help. But your instinct to be generous should always be tempered with a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities is a good 21 to make sure your donations are put to good use. So, how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the 22 ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud (欺诈) by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel 23 to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but 24 any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off 25 the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what 26 is important to you. Then find charities that are 27 it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) 28 plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC 29 against the four cancer charities show that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Chariy Watch, which examine charities’ 30 governance and effectiveness. 【答案】 21．I 22．F 23．E 24．C 25．J 26．K 27．D 28．G 29．H 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在捐赠前检查慈善机构。 21．考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会（FTC）近期对四家癌症慈善机构的整顿行动，是一个很好的警示，提醒大家要确保自己的捐款能够得到有效利用。根据下文“to make sure your donations are put to good use”以及句意“提醒”可知用单数名词reminder，作表语，故选I。 22．考查形容词。句意：那么，你怎样才能确保你捐出的钱不会落入那些不需要的人的口袋呢？根据上文“how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the ”可知，此处表示“不需要的”，应用形容词unneedy，与the联用，表示一类人。故选F。 23．考查形容词。句意：如果你接到一个要钱的团体打来的电话，你可能会感到有压力，不得不当场捐款。根据下文“to make a donation on the spot”可知，此处表示“感到有压力的”，应用形容词pressured，作表语。故选E。 24．考查动词。句意：但联邦贸易委员会警告说，你不应该急于答应，但拒绝任何通过电话提供的请求。根据上文“you shouldn’t rush to say yes”可知，此处表示“拒绝”，应用decline，与say并列，应用动词原形。故选C。 25．考查动词。句意：你最好跳过中间商，直接联系慈善机构进行捐赠。根据下文“the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation”可知，此处表示“跳过”，应用动词skip，固定搭配be better off doing sth.“做某事较好”。故选J。 26．考查名词。句意：为了避免给一个与你联系的组织带来压力，找出对你来说重要的原因。根据句意可知，此处表示“原因”，应用名词cause。故选K。 27．考查动词。句意：然后找到解决这个问题的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“解决”，应用动词address，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，与are构成现在进行时。故选D。 28．考查名词。句意：有一个捐赠计划会让你更容易避免冲动捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“捐赠”，应用名词giving，修饰名词plan，作定语。故选G。 29．考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会对四家癌症慈善机构的指控表明，仅仅因为一个组织声称做好事并不意味着它真的在做好事。根据句意可知，此处表示“指控”，应用名词charge，由空后against the four cancer charities可知，指控大于一，应用名词复数形式。故选H。 30．考查名词。句意：你可以从慈善导航员和慈善观察等网站上的第三方评估和评级开始，这些网站会检查慈善机构的财务、管理和效率。根据句意可知，此处表示“财务”，应用名词finance，表示财务情况时，常用复数形式。故选A。 考点四Unit 4 Disaster Survival 词汇表 知识点1 读单词、识词义 序号 词汇、音标、词性 中文释义 1 accelerator /əkˈseləreɪtə/ n. (汽车等的) 加速装置，油门△ 2 ALS /eɪ el es/ 专有名词 肌萎缩性 (脊髓) 侧索硬化症 3 arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/ v. 整理；排列；布置；安排；筹备 4 ash /æʃ/ n. 灰；灰烬△ 5 brief /briːf/ adj. 简洁的；简单的 6 bury /ˈberi/ v. (以土、石、树叶等) 覆盖；埋葬；安葬 7 burst /bɜːst/ v. (使) 爆裂，(使) 胀开△ 8 burst open 短语 (使) 猛然打开 9 call on 短语 请求，要求，要 (某人做某事) 10 chimpanzee /ˌtʃɪmpænˈziː/ n. 黑猩猩△ 11 collapse /kəˈlæps/ v. (突然) 倒塌，坍塌 12 contributor /kənˈtrɪbjuːtə/ n. 作出贡献者 13 cigarette /ˌsɪɡəˈret/ n. 香烟；纸烟；卷烟 14 disturbed /dɪˈstɜːbd/ adj. 心神不安的；心烦意乱的；烦恼的 15 ease /iːz/ v. (使) 小心缓缓地移动 16 explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/ v. 爆炸；爆破；爆裂 17 furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ adj. 激烈的；猛烈的；盛怒的；狂怒的；暴怒的 18 Grace Hopper /ɡreɪs ˈhɒpə/ 专有名词 格蕾丝・霍珀 (1906-1992，计算机科学家、数学家) 19 honk /hɒŋk/ v. (使汽车喇叭) 鸣响△ 20 Jane Goodall /dʒeɪn ˈɡʊdl/ 专有名词 珍妮・古道尔 (1934 年 4 月 3 日 -，动物学家) 21 layer /ˈleɪə/ n. 层；表层△ 22 leap /liːp/ v. 猛冲；跳；跳跃；跳越△ 23 lump /lʌmp/ n. (通常为无定形的) 块△ 24 mayor /meə/ n. (民选的) 市长，镇长△ 25 measure /ˈmeʒə/ n. 措施；方法 26 pipe /paɪp/ n. 管子；管道 27 pile /paɪl/ n. 摞；垛；沓△ 28 plaster /ˈplɑːstə/ n. 灰泥△ 29 pour /pɔː/ v. 倾泻；喷发 30 port /pɔːt/ n. 港口；避风港；港口城市；口岸城市 31 potential /pəˈtenʃl/ n. 可能性；潜在性 32 prove /pruːv/ v. 证明；证实 33 raw /rɔː/ adj. 红肿疼痛的；皮肤破损的；擦伤的；生的；未烹制的；未煮的 34 resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ n. 居民；住户 35 rip /rɪp/ v. (突然或猛烈地) 撕破，裂开△ 36 roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 粗暴地△ 37 rumbling /ˈrʌmblɪŋ/ n. 低沉而持续的声音△ 38 San Francisco /ˌsæn frænˈsɪskəʊ/ 专有名词 旧金山 (美国加利福尼亚州西部港市) 39 shatter /ˈʃætə/ v. (使) 破碎，(使) 碎裂△ 40 shopkeeper /ˈʃɒpkiːpə/ n. (通常指小商店的) 店主 41 sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ n. (马路边的) 人行道△ 42 sneeze /sniːz/ n. 喷嚏；喷嚏声 43 software /ˈsɒftweə/ n. 软件 44 spill /spɪl/ v. 涌出；蜂拥而出；(使) 洒出，(使) 泼出，(使) 溢出△ 45 spot /spɒt/ n. 污迹；污渍；斑点 46 stagger /ˈstæɡə/ v. 摇摇晃晃地走；蹒跚 47 stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸展 48 sturdy /ˈstɜːdi/ adj. 结实的；坚固的△ 49 strand /strænd/ v. 使滞留；使搁浅△ 50 Stephen Hawking /ˈstiːvn ˈhɔːkɪŋ/ 专有名词 斯蒂芬・霍金 ([1942-2018] 物理学家、宇宙学家、数学家、思想家、哲学家) 51 stick...out 短语 (使从某物中) 伸出，探出，突出 52 shift /ʃɪft/ v. 转移；挪动 53 sway /sweɪ/ v. (使) 摇摆，(使) 摇动△ 54 synthesizer /ˈsɪnθəsaɪzə/ n. 音响合成器△ 55 throat /θrəʊt/ n. 咽喉；喉咙△ 56 thunder /ˈθʌndə/ n. 雷；雷声 57 tumble /ˈtʌmbl/ v. 倒塌；坍塌；滚落，翻滚下来；(使) 跌倒，(使) 摔倒 58 Typhoon Mangkhut /taɪˈfuːn ˈmæŋkʊt/ 专有名词 台风山竹，为 2018 年太平洋台风季第 22 个被命名的热带气旋 59 unsteady /ʌnˈstedɪ/ adj. 抖动的；摇晃的△ 60 wheelchair /ˈwiːltʃeə/ n. 轮椅△ 知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换 1. arrange（v. 安排）→arrangement（n. 安排；布置）→arranged（adj. 安排好的）例：We need to arrange a meeting with the client, and the arrangement should be completed by Friday—the arranged time is 2 pm next Monday.（我们需要和客户安排一次会议，安排工作应在周五前完成 —— 约定的时间是下周一下午 2 点。） 2. explode（v. 爆炸）→explosion（n. 爆炸）→explosive（adj. 爆炸的；易爆炸的）例：The sudden explosion of the gas tank shocked everyone, and the area was filled with explosive materials after the tank exploded.（煤气罐突然爆炸让所有人都震惊，罐子爆炸后该区域布满了易爆物质。） 3. collapse（v. 倒塌）→collapse（n. 倒塌；崩溃）→（无常规形容词形式，常搭配 “cause a collapse” 使用）例：The old building collapsed after the earthquake, and the collapse caused many injuries.（地震后这座旧建筑倒塌了，坍塌造成了多人受伤。） 4. furious（adj. 狂怒的；猛烈的）→fury（n. 狂怒；暴怒）→furiously（adv. 狂怒地；猛烈地）例：He was furious when he heard the news, and he shouted furiously—his fury scared everyone around.（听到消息时他勃然大怒，愤怒地大喊，他的暴怒吓坏了周围的人。） 5. prove（v. 证明）→proof（n. 证据；证明）→provable（adj. 可证明的）例：We need to prove his guilt with solid proof, and this theory is provable through experiments.（我们需要用确凿的证据证明他有罪，这个理论可以通过实验证明。） 6. brief（adj. 简洁的）→briefly（adv. 简要地）→briefing（n. 简报；情况介绍会）例：Please explain the plan briefly in a brief report, and we will have a briefing to discuss it later.（请在简洁的报告中简要说明计划，之后我们会开简报会讨论。） 7. potential（n. 潜在性）→potential（adj. 潜在的）→potentially（adv. 潜在地）例：This area has great potential for development, and there are potential risks that we need to consider potentially.（这个地区有很大的发展潜力，但也存在我们需要潜在考虑的风险。） 8. contributor（n. 贡献者）→contribute（v. 贡献；捐献）→contribution（n. 贡献；捐款）例：She is a key contributor to the project and continues to contribute her ideas; her contribution is highly valued.（她是项目的核心贡献者，不断提出想法，她的贡献备受重视。） 9. employ（v. 雇用）→employee（n. 雇员）→employment（n. 就业；雇用）例：The company plans to employ 50 new employees this year, which will help reduce the employment pressure in the area.（该公司计划今年雇用 50 名新员工，这将有助于缓解该地区的就业压力。） 10. shift（v. 转移）→shift（n. 转移；轮班）→shifting（adj. 不断变化的）例：We need to shift our focus to customer service, and the shift in strategy requires shifting resources to related departments.（我们需要将重点转移到客户服务上，战略的转变需要将资源调配到相关部门。） 知识点3 重点词组短语固定搭配 英文词组 / 短语 中文释义 典型例句 burst open （使）猛然打开 The door burst open when the wind blew strongly.（风刮得很大时，门突然被吹开了。） call on 请求，要求，要（某人做某事） The teacher called on me to answer the question in class.（老师让我在课堂上回答这个问题。） stick...out （使从某物中）伸出，探出，突出 He stuck his head out of the window to see what was happening outside.（他把头伸出窗外，想看看外面发生了什么。） 考向1 完成句子（本单元词汇巩固） A collapse B damage C explode D leak E rescue F sturdy G raw H thunder I tornado J typhoon K weary - 1. The old building began to ______ after the strong earthquake, so people were evacuated immediately.（强烈地震后，这座旧楼开始坍塌，人们立即被疏散。） 2. The flood ______ many houses in the village, leaving hundreds of people homeless.（洪水毁坏了村里的许多房屋，导致数百人无家可归。） 3. The gas tank might ______ if it is exposed to high temperature, so we must keep it away from fire.（煤气罐如果暴露在高温下可能会爆炸，所以我们必须让它远离火源。） 4. The pipe in the basement started to ______ last night, and the floor was covered with water this morning.（地下室的水管昨晚开始漏水，今天早上地面全是水。） 5. The rescue team worked day and night to ______ the trapped people in the collapsed mine.（救援队日夜奋战，营救被困在坍塌矿井中的人员。） 6. This ______ tent can withstand strong winds and heavy rain, so it is widely used in disaster relief.（这种结实的帐篷能抵御大风大雨，因此在救灾中被广泛使用。） 7. His hands were ______ from digging through the ruins, but he still refused to stop resting.（他的手在挖掘废墟时被擦伤，但他仍拒绝停下来休息。） 8. The loud ______ and flash of lightning made the children very scared during the storm.（暴风雨中，巨大的雷声和闪电让孩子们非常害怕。） 9. A strong ______ hit the coastal city yesterday, destroying many boats and trees along the shore.（昨天一场强台风袭击了这座沿海城市，摧毁了岸边的许多船只和树木。） 10. The ______ swept through the small town, lifting cars and tearing down houses in a few minutes.（龙卷风席卷了这个小镇，几分钟内就掀起了汽车、摧毁了房屋。） 答案 1-5：collapse；damage；explode；leak；rescue 6-10：sturdy；raw；thunder；typhoon；tornado 考向2 选词填空（本单元话题语篇） Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.   A．starve  B．overtake  C． fundamentals  D．consuming  E. backfires  F. contain  G. developing  H. thin  I. evacuating  J. supplies  K. present How Wildfires Can Grow Deadly Overnight In the past two decades, the number of Americans at risk of experiencing a wildfire has doubled. At the beginning of 2025, multiple large wildfires burning around Los Angeles had tens of thousands of residents 31 as the fires showed no sign of slowing their spread.   The spark that caused the fires is under investigation, but the risk of wildfires 32 has been extremely high in Southern California. January is typically the rainy season in Los Angeles, but this winter, rainfall has been scarce. Besides, the region’s seasonal winds created 100 mph gusts in some areas. These warm, dry winds spread the hot ashes that spark new flames and can make it more difficult for firefighters to   33 fires.   Wildfires can burn millions of acres of land at shockingly fast speeds, 34 everything in their paths. These rolling flames travel up to 14 miles an hour, which converts to about a four-minute-mile pace, and can 35 the average human in minutes.   That’s why it’s critical to understand how wildfires get started and how to stop them. Natural or man-made, three conditions must be 36 for wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Firefighters call these three elements the fire triangle.   Firefighters battle blazes by depriving them of one or more of the fire triangle 37 . One traditional method is to put out existing fires with water and spray fire retardants (阻燃剂). Firefighters also sometimes work in teams to clear vegetation from the land around a fire and eventually 38 it of fuel. They may also employ controlled burning, creating   39 breaks to stop a wildfire. This method involves fighting fire with fire. These prescribed — and controlled — fires remove undergrowth, brush, and litter from a forest, depriving an otherwise raging wildfire of fuel.   Although they can be dangerous to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. By burning dead or decaying matter, they can return otherwise trapped nutrients to the soil. Besides, wildfires 40 forest canopies (树冠) and undergrowth, allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor and a new generation of seedlings to grow. In fact, some trees, like sequoias, rely on fire for their seeds to even open. 【答案】 31．I 32．G 33．F 34．D 35．B 36．K 37．C 38．A 39．E 40．H 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野火如何在一夜之间变得致命，介绍了野火发生的原因、蔓延速度、燃烧条件以及扑灭野火的方法和野火对自然的作用。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：2025年初，洛杉矶周围发生了多起大型野火，由于火势没有减缓的迹象，数万名居民被疏散。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，evacuate“疏散”为动词，与residents之间为主动关系，其现在分词evacuating符合句意。故填I项。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：引发火灾的火花正在调查中，但在南加州，野火发生的风险一直极高。空处为非谓语动词，作介词of后的宾语，develop“发生”为动词，且与逻辑主语wildfires为主动关系，其现在分词developing符合句意。故填G项。 33．考查动词。句意：这些温暖、干燥的风将炽热的灰烬吹散，引发新的火焰，并可能使消防员更难控制火势。空处为不定式to后的动词原形，contain“控制”为动词，符合句意。故填F项。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：野火能以惊人的速度烧毁数百万英亩的土地，吞噬沿途的一切。空处为非谓语动词作状语，consume“吞噬”为动词，且与逻辑主语Wildfires之间为主动关系，其现在分词consuming符合句意。故填D项。 35．考查动词。句意：这些滚动的火焰以每小时14英里的速度移动，相当于每分钟四英里的速度，几分钟内就能超过普通人的速度。空处为情态动词can后的动词原形，overtake“超过”为动词，符合句意。故填B项。 36．考查形容词。句意：无论是自然发生的还是人为造成的，野火燃烧必须具备三个条件：燃料、氧气和热源。空处为形容词作表语，present“在场的，存在的”为形容词，符合句意。故填K项。 37．考查名词。句意：消防员通过剥夺火灾三角形的其中一个或多个要素来扑灭大火。空处为介词of后的名词，fundamental“基本要素”为可数名词，其复数形式fundamentals符合句意。故填C项。 38．考查动词。句意：消防员有时也会分组工作，清除火灾周围的植被，最终使火势缺乏燃料。空处与clear并列，为不定式to后的动词原形，作目的状语，starve“使……缺乏”为动词，starve sth. of sth.意为“使某物缺乏某物”，符合句意。故填A项。 39．考查名词。句意：他们还可能采用控制燃烧的方法，制造防火带以阻止野火蔓延。空处为名词作定语，修饰名词breaks，backfires“(为形成防火隔离带而有意点燃的) 迎面火”为名词，符合句意。故填E项。 40．考查动词。句意：此外，野火使森林树冠和下层植被变薄，让阳光能够照射到森林地面，使新一代树苗得以生长。空处为谓语动词，thin“使……变薄”为动词，符合句意，且句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语Wildfires为复数，动词用原形。故填H项。 5 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $