专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，浙江专用）高一英语上学期

专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江G5联盟•期中) New scientific research has found that attending live sporting events enhances levels of wellbeing. Published in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, the research is the first large-sized study to examine the benefits of attending any type of live sporting event. It found that attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing-life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile” — as well as lower levels of loneliness. These results are significant as previous studies have shown that higher life satisfaction scores are associated with fewer life-limiting conditions, better physical health and successful ageing. The new study also found that attending live sporting events leads to an increase in people’s sense that “life is worthwhile,” and the size of this increase is comparable to that of gaining employment. Watching live sporting events can also offer an accessible and effective public health tool for improving wellbeing. Lead author Dr Helen Keyes, Head of the School of Psychology and Sport Science at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: “Previous research has focused on certain sports or small population groups, such as college students in the United States. Ours is the first study to look at the benefits of attending any sporting event across an adult population, and therefore our findings could be useful for shaping future public health strategies, such as offering reduced ticket prices for certain groups.” The live events covered by the survey ranged from free amateur (业余的) events, such as watching village sports teams, right through to Premier League football matches. Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to see if these benefits are more pronounced for top level sport, or are more closely linked to supporting a specific team. However, without doubt, watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to shape group identity and belonging, which in turn boosts levels of wellbeing. 1．What can we learn about the new study from the passage? A．The study only covered Premier League football matches. B．Watching live sporting events has little effect on one’s wellbeing. C．It is the first one to study the benefits of attending live sporting events. D．Attending live sporting events increases life satisfaction and a sense of meaning. 2．What’s Dr. Helen Keyes’s attitude to the study? A．Objective. B．Neutral. C．Negative. D．Positive. 3．What does the underlined word “pronounced” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Suitable. B．Noticeable. C．Powerful. D．Important. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Attending Live Sport Improves Wellbeing B．Watching Live Sporting Events Has Many Benefits C．A Research on the Popularity of Live Sporting Events D．A Study on the Effects of Sporting Events on Physical Health Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江A9协作体•期中) Have you ever heard of the online topic “20 minutes for parks”? It’s all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time. This year, China sees an increasing number of young people who are choosing to hang out in parks more often. Huang Bingbing, who lives in Shenzhen, is one of them. Three years back, she started going to the small park downstairs from her office for lunch breaks on weekdays. “On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained. Huang believes parks can feel like your own secret hideaway. Being introverted(内向的), she finds parks to be ideal relaxing zones for people like her. Yet, parks are also shared spaces. They’re different from shopping malls and cinemas for a particular reason, according to young stage designer Liu Xi, who sees parks as places that disagree with consumerism(消费主义). In parks, people can walk, boat, read under the trees, or simply be lost in thought on a long chair. “Parks offer a non-consumerist environment where one can find joy without opening their wallets,” Liu explained. Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan. She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them. Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to park by building a sense that they have part of the parks. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things. “I hope our group takes more social responsibility. Each of us can become a protector and contributor to the parks and our city,” she said. 1．Why does the author raise a question in Paragraph 1? A．To seek for advice. B．To have a discussion. C．To introduce the topic. D．To express the author’s doubt. 2．What benefits can parks provide for more Chinese youths? A．Lowering working stress and relaxing themselves. B．Making more friends and getting closer to nature. C．Enriching knowledge of parks and opening their eyes. D．Feeling connected to the park and enjoying fun consuming. 3．What drives Cheng Yuyan to make a new practice? A．Her experience in Japan’s parks. B．The historical guidebooks in Japan’s parks. C．Her working experience in Japan. D．The foundation of parks-related interest group. 4．Which is the best title for this text? A．Parks: The Ideal Zone for Youngsters B．The Attraction of Parks: Beyond Consumerism C．20 Minutes for Parks: A Trend Among Young People D．Young People and Parks: Connecting and Contributing Passage 3 (24-25高一上•浙江A9协作体•期中) It’s long been thought that the earlier you start learning new skills, the easier they are to pick up. The idea that age can play a huge role in a person’s language learning ability is one of the reasons why early childhood was once considered the best time to introduce a second language. However, new research suggests that the human brain, a complex organ capable of constant evolution, has potential for higher learning after adolescence (青春期). This means that even if someone doesn’t start learning a second language until later in life, they can still achieve a high level of proficiency (熟练). “Research says that adults are better learners because we have a lot of self-regulation and we’re very determined when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. However, she believes that factors beyond age, such as being deeply engaged in the language, make a bigger difference in language learning success. “Without exposure to the language, there’s no learning that can happen, early or late.” Factors like a person’s natural ability, their earlier language learning experience, and the frequency of their practice also affect the language learning process, according to The Foreign Service Institute. That said, children and adults do have their own unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to learning a new language. Children tend to learn new languages more naturally, often through play and without relying on translation tools. They adapt quickly but might lack structured learning methods. On the other hand, adults can use strategies like creating their own memory systems or visualization techniques to learn effectively, but they may find it harder to immerse themselves fully in a new language environment given their well-established native language system. Still, Joshua Hartshorne, a research associate professor at the MGH Institute of Health Professions, says, “Language is a dynamic system, and there is always something new and more to learn in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and usage. People have been believing that you have got as good as you’re going to get in a new language within four or five years. But what we saw was actually that, as people continue learning for about 30 years, they continue to get better.” 1．What does the new research show? A．Children have great ability for learning new skills. B．Early childhood is the best time to learn languages. C．The human brain is a complex organ in learning a language. D．Learning a language well is not limited by the learner’s age. 2．What practice best improves the language learning according to Lourdes Ortega? A．Reviewing vocabulary frequently. B．Joining a local language group. C．Setting clear goals for language learning. D．Taking various language courses. 3．What advantage do adults have over children in learning a new language? A．They tend to learn languages in a strategic way. B．They have developed a personal memory system. C．They have formed a structured learning methods. D．They are given a well-established native language system. 4．What does the underlined word “dynamic” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Confusing. B．Advanced. C．Changing. D．Detailed. Passage 4 (24-25高一上•浙江G5联盟•期中) Travel is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you’re going to get, especially when using a mystery box plane ticket. Earlier this year, mystery box travel became trendy among China’s young people. In normal trips, people often plan their vacations well in advance. After buying a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — the travelers using this method will select their departure airport and then receive several destinations to choose from. After the destination is decided, their trip begins. Liao Liangyu, 16, has turned his eagerness to go on a mystery box trip into reality. He took a mystery box trip with a couple of friends months ago. It started when one of them got a mystery box ticket to Changsha, the capital city of Hunan province. Surprisingly, Liao happened to get Changsha too. Right before their departure, a friend told Liao that Changsha was a super hyped-up (被炒作) Internet-famous site. But he still decided to go and see it for himself. “My biggest discovery is that Changsha is a city full of contrasts,” Liao explained to China Daily. “You can see tall buildings and low houses in the same view.” Since the destination options include many less popular cities, travel mystery boxes also bring economic benefits to them. For example, Dehong city is a beautiful city in Yunnan province yet has few visitors due to a lack of promotion. Following its inclusion as a mystery box travel destination, however, it has gained a lot of attention and is now thought of as a popular destination for tourism. But even so, a large number of people feel disappointed with travel mystery boxes because they can face many problems after buying one, such as improper travel times, sudden flight cancellations, or even challenges with refunds (退款). Sun Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should select reliable platforms and sign contracts to ensure their interests. 1．What is the main attraction of a mystery box plane ticket? A．It offers travelers a low price for plane tickets. B．It provides travelers with several destination choices. C．It allows travelers to choose their own departure time. D．It requires travelers to plan their vacations in advance. 2．Why did Liao Liangyu decide to take a mystery box trip to Changsha? A．Because it was a super hyped-up site. B．Because he wanted to experience a city full of contrasts. C．Because one of his friends had already bought a ticket there. D．Because he wanted to see it in person regardless of others’ opinion. 3．How do travel mystery boxes benefit less popular cities economically? A．They create more jobs for locals. B．They increase the number of visitors. C．They provide more travel options. D．They cut down the cost of promotion. 4．What advice did Sun Weili give to visitors regarding travel mystery boxes? A．To pick popular destinations. B．To avoid traveling during the peak season. C．To choose dependable platforms and sign contracts. D．To read the refund policy before buying mystery boxes. Passage 5 (24-25高一上•浙江9+1联盟•期中) We’re all familiar with the feeling―it usually starts with a little itch (痒) deep inside the nose. Next comes the awareness that it’s going to happen. Then, achoo! Air rushes out of our nose at a shocking 100 miles per hour, bursting out whatever was causing the itch. The high-pressure from a sneeze (喷嚏) has led some people to think that if we didn’t close our eyes, they could be pushed out. For decades, countless people have tested the theory. When finding it almost impossible to keep their eyes open while sneezing, many have concluded that the theory must be true. If you try it yourself, the possibilities are that your eyes are still where they belong. That’s because they are held firmly by the muscles in the eyes. Furthermore, increased pressure from sneezing actually builds up in the blood vessels (血管), which may cause vessels to break but may not be possible to push the eyeballs out. Why did this theory start, anyway? Some say that it all began in 1882, when the New York Times reported an incident of a woman who burst one of her eyeballs during a sudden sneeze. Others point at the fact that different high-pressure experiences, such as childbirth, can cause blood vessels in the eyes to break out. Still others say that closing our eyes when we sneeze shows the theory is true. Scientists, on the other hand, explain that we close our eyes for the same reason we sneeze ― to prevent unwanted things from entering our bodies. Either way, as far as we know, there are no actual recorded cases of anyone losing an eyeball because of a sneeze, so don’t lose any sleep over it! 1．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 1? A．The cause of a sneeze. B．The danger of sneezing. C．The importance of a sneeze. D．The experience of sneezing. 2．Why won’t eyeballs be pushed out while people are sneezing? A．Because they are fixed firmly in the eyes. B．Because high pressure builds up in the eyes. C．Because they are held strongly by blood vessels. D．Because increased pressure prevents them from bursting out. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Sneezes usually cause an itchy nose. B．People sneeze to burst out unwanted things. C．The high pressure caused by a sneeze will become less through breathing. D．People close their eyes when sneezing to stop their eyeballs from popping out. 4．Where is the text most likely from? A．A guidebook. B．A magazine. C．A storybook. D．A textbook. 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江六校联盟•期中) Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers’ mental health has been under heated discussion. On Sept 30 a British court decided that content on social media platforms contributed to the depression of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health. So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform. But she said that the users’ power to regulate videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said. Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that lures teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media. In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”. 1．What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court? A．Her interaction with others online. B．Negative information on social media platforms. C．Short videos she watched on the Internet. D．Her addiction to online posts. 2．Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with? A．The number of younger Social media users should be limited. B．Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance. C．A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents. D．It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses. 3．Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan? A．Parents. B．Social media platforms C．Content creators. D．Social media platforms. 4．What does Wu suggest teenagers should do? A．Use social media wisely. B．Reduce social media usage. C．Stay away from online games. D．Learn more about social media. Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江宁波北仑中学•期中) Good friends and good physical health may be even more closely linked than previously thought, new research has found. Researchers discovered that positive social experiences impact not only a person’s stress level and ability to cope, but also markers (指标) of physical health, according to a study published Monday in the journal Society for Personality and Social Psychology. The study followed more than 4,000 people over three weeks as they completed check-ins every three days on their smartphones or smartwatches regarding their positive and negative experiences with their closest social relationships, as well as assessments of their blood pressure, heart rate, stress and coping. Having more positive experiences in social relationships was generally associated with better coping, lower stress and lower blood pressure, according to the study. Frequently changing between good and bad in social relationships can be unhelpful. When there is a lot of volatility, the negative experiences seemed to have a bigger impact on a person than the positive, said lead study author Brian Don of the University of Auckland. Then, how to build good social relationships? Adam Smiley Poswolsky, a workplace belonging expert, suggests starting small. Text a friend that you haven’t talked to in a long time, meet one new person a month, host a dinner party, or join a class. “If you do just one thing, make a list of five people in your life that you care about, and give one of them a phone call,” Poswolsky added. There might not be just one definition of a good friendship, but most strong relationships share some similar qualities, he said. They tend to prioritize laughter, joy, excitement, courage, and non-judgmental support. And good friendships are often two people helping each other become better versions (版本) of themselves, he added. “You know someone is a true friend when they have your back when you’re sick, when you lose your job, when you make a mistake, when you’re stressed, when you’re sad,” Poswolsky said. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By doing regular check-ins on devices. B．By following participants for three days. C．By interviewing the closest friends of participants. D．By monitoring the health conditions of participants. 2．What does the underlined word “volatility” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Pressure. B．Association. C．Changeability. D．Certainty. 3．Which statement will Poswolsky probably agree with? A．Friendship is about being always available. B．Friendship is based on shared interests and hobbies. C．Friendship begins with tiny moments of connection. D．Friendship means always having positive interactions. 4．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A survey. B．A personal diary. C．A biology textbook. D．A news report. Passage 3 (23-24高一上•浙江杭州四中•期中) Even though we may believe that it’s important to say thank you, sometimes expressing gratitude is easier said than done. We might find ourselves getting confused about the details of what to say or the best way to deliver the message. As a result, many times, we do not express our gratitude. According to new research, however, it’s possible we might be making our thanks more complicated than it needs to be. In a paper published in The Journal of Positive Psychology, researchers compared the effects of expressing thanks in person, over a video call, and by text. And, while people generally expect an in-person thank-you to be most impactful, what happened in reality was quite different: sending a thank-you by text was almost as impactful as delivering the message in person. Additionally, texting maybe especially well-suited for situations where we feel embarrassed about expressing our appreciation. In one study, 219 college students from the United States and China participated in a gratitude activity in which they wrote about three things they were grateful for over a two-week period. After writing, the students were asked to actually thank the person involved. Some connected with the gratitude recipient (接受者) in person, others via video call, and others via text. At the beginning and end of the two weeks, participants completed surveys measuring their feelings of well-being, connections with others, depression, loneliness, and happiness. The researchers found that people who expressed gratitude increased their well-being, with only a few differences between the different methods of gratitude expression. Overall, video calls were just as beneficial as meeting in person. Texting was slightly less effective than video calling—it didn’t make people feel more connected and happy. However, participants who sent their thanks by text still experienced benefits: texting boosted their well-being and reduced their loneliness. Overall, the message is that we shouldn’t worry about finding just the “right” way to express our gratitude. In fact, you’re probably better off sending a quick thank-you today than waiting for the right time to schedule an in-person visit. You can be sure that many of gratitude’s benefits can be attained regardless of how you send the message. 1．How do people make expressing gratitude complex? A．They think it is useless to express gratitude. B．They feel ashamed to express gratitude. C．They think too much about the best way to do it. D．They waste too much time before saying it. 2．Which way may be best for us to avoid embarrassment when expressing our gratitude? A．Video chats. B．Face to face visits. C．Sending messages. D．Making phone calls. 3．What does the research mainly show? A．Learning to be grateful can give us a lot of benefits. B．We need to put saying thank-you into our daily routine. C．We should learn how to express appreciation to others. D．We shouldn’t be bothered by how to express our gratitude. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (23-24高一上•浙江宁波余姚中学•期中) It is not always easy to understand animal behavior, especially when it’s related to other species. For decades, researchers have observed orcas (虎鲸) attacking and even killing porpoises (鼠海豚) in the Pacific Northwest. But it confuses people that these expert hunters don’t eat them. So what’s going on here? Southern Resident orcas are a different population of orcas that live in the Pacific Northwest. The lives of these orcas are closely tied to those of the salmon. So if the salmon disappear, so too will the orca. But despite their preference for the salmon, these whales are known to attack and kill other smaller marine mammals (海洋哺乳 动物) without eating them. To better understand this unusual behavior, an international team of researchers did a research and examined more than 60 years of recorded interactions between Southern Resident orcas and porpoises in the Salish Sea. “Why don’t the Southern Residents just eat porpoises instead?” Deborah Giles of Wild Orca said. “It’s because fish-eating killer whales have a completely different ecology and culture from orcas that eat marine mammals. So we must conclude that their interactions with porpoises serve a different purpose, but this purpose has only been a guess until now. ” According to Giles and her colleagues’ work, the orca may be attacking the porpoise as a form of social play. It is possible these large animals may be attacking the smaller mammals as a way to build up social cohesion (凝聚力). Similarly, the behavior could represent hunting practice, by which the orcas are practising their teamwork and cooperation skills for hunting salmons. Finally, the behavior could be a way of “mismothering” where the orca see the smaller porpoises as weaker or ill and so in need of care. This work highlights the need for the protection of salmon populations in the area as well as the orcas’ entire hunting range. The threat to the salmon’s future is not just a threat to a single species, but an entire ecosystem. 1．Why did an international team of researchers do their study? A．To find out a way to protect porpoises. B．To make sure the reason why some orcas attack salmon. C．To solve the problem of marine mammals’ living environment. D．To better understand the strange behavior of Southern Resident orcas. 2．What is Southern Resident orcas’ favorite food? A．the porpoise. B．the marine mammal. C．the salmon. D．the whale. 3．According to Giles’ research, which may be a reason for the orcas’ attacking porpoises? A．It’s a kind of social play with porpoises. B．It is a practice to kill porpoises as their food. C．The orcas may dislike the smaller porpoises. D．It’s a way for the orcas to practice their hunting skills. 4．What probably is the writer’s attitude to the research? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江宁波余姚中学•期中) Have you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU? Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prosocial behavior. Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time. But a question remains in science: Are we the only species who do this? As one of out closest relatives, chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this. So far, research has provided mixed results on the question. Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt, share food and comfort each other. But one study came to a very different conclusion. The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chose the latter, it was seen as a prosocial behavior. But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves. Another study conducted by DeTroy, however, discovered a totally different result. Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures. When an individual pushes the button, it releases juice from the fountain. However, since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart, the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain. And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed, they, and not the pusher, will be able to drink the juice. In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves. “It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.” said DeTroy. Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation. But for now, it’s safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior. 1．Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors? A．Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits. B．Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study. C．Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview. D．Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the math’s class. 2．What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study? A．Sharing food. B．Making a choice. C．Comforting others. D．Showing sympathy. 3．How is DeTroy’s study different from the previous ones? A．It was based on controlled lab experiment. B．It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward. C．It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding. D．It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners. 4．What can we learn from DeTroy’s quotes? A．Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others. B．Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors. C．Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab. D．Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards. 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江强基联盟•期中) Nutrition (营养学) is really tricky. It’s like a big puzzle with many pieces that scientists are still trying to put together. People who worry about their diet want simple labels of ‘good’ or ‘bad’ and clear advice to follow, but the truth is much more slippery than that. The science about fats and cholesterol (胆固醇) is often counterintuitive (违反直觉的). Even qualified dietitians can be confused by it. Some diets that are supposed to be healthy can actually make your cholesterol go up. This can happen because not eating enough can mess with your body’s hormones (激素). Too much fat in the diet has long been known to be bad for your heart health. But, after decades of pointing fingers at all non-vegetable fats, science has now decisively changed its mind. The research starting in the 1950s, which claimed that eating fats would make your cholesterol go up and lead to heart problems, has been proved to be not always true. What has been called the ‘French paradox’ by American scientists reflects the fact that in France — as in many other countries — people may have high cholesterol levels and high consumption of saturated fats (饱和脂肪) but low cases of heart disease. This is because other things, like smoking, which can also affect your heart, are often ignored. In 2014, a review of seventy - two different studies of heart disease and saturated fats, conducted by the British Heart Foundation, found that there wasn’t a connection between eating fat and heart problems. But even though the review showed no connection, government advice remains in place to limit the amount of fats eaten, especially saturated ones. The food industry sometimes helps make the advice that governments give about eating healthy. They made a picture called the ‘Eatwell Plate’ to show people what to eat. But most people in the UK eat too much fat, and now it’s mostly from things like vegetable oils, not from animals. 1．The underlined word “slippery” in paragraph one is closest in meaning to ________. A．Unclear. B．Simple. C．Strange. D．Important. 2．What can be concluded from the researches in paragraph 3? A．Eating fats is always harmful to heart health. B．Smoking is the leading factor causing heart health. C．The relationship between eating fats and heart disease is uncertain. D．French people have high cases of heart disease due to their eating habits. 3．What is government’s suggestion for fat intake? A．Eating different types of fats. B．Focusing more on vegetable oils. C．Taking in as much fat as you want. D．Controlling the amount of fat in diet. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A science report. C．A short story. D．A book review. Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江温州十校•期中) In the rushing modern society, it can be all too easy to skip(不吃) a meal or two.You might even do it on purpose. A new study suggests going without one of the standard three meals a day might have a serious downside. 24,000 people participated (参加) in the study. Around 30 percent of the participants often had fewer than three meals a day. According to the data (数据), those who were younger, male, with less of an education and a lower family income, were more likely to skip meals. Meal-skipping was also more common among those who smoked more, drank more, ate less healthy food, had more snacks, and took in less energy overall. Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death. The CVD death rate of the participants who skipped breakfast was40% higher compared with those who did not. The all-cause death risk was 12% higher for skipping lunch and 16% higher for skipping dinner compared with those who did not. Skipping breakfast was connected with a greater risk of dying from CVD, while skipping lunch or dinner was connected with a greater risk of all-cause death, including a rise in CVD risk. There was even a problem for those who ate all three meals but had them too close together. Eating two neighbouring meals within 4.5 hours of each other was also shown to be connected with increased all-cause death risk. While the study seems to make messages difficult that suggest intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) could be good for you, the data stresses the importance of regular refueling stops for the body. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Who would skip meals. B．How the research is done. C．Why people skip meals. D．What the course of the study is. 2．How is meal-skipping connected with diseases? A．Meal-skipping can reduce the risk of diseases. B．Meal-skipping makes no difference to diseases. C．The chances of diseases rise with more meal-skippings. D．It's hard to tell the influence of meal-skipping on diseases. 3．What do the underlined words “regular refueling stops” in the last paragraph mean? A．Skipping meals sometimes. B．Skipping a fixed meal. C．Having meals at your will. D．Having meals at the right time. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Fasting is a good way for health. B．Good eating habits can treat CVD． C．Eating meals on time is healthier. D．Meals should be taken close enough. Passage 3 (24-25高一上•浙江杭二•期中) If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning another language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (大脑灰质), which is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn another language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world.” explained the scientists. 1．Why does the writer mention “exercise” and “muscles” in paragraph 2? A．To prove that learning a language is beneficial to your brain. B．To suggest that language learning involves physical exercise. C．To explain that language learning is similar to muscle building. D．To show that language learning is a process of building grey matter. 2．What can be learnt from the scientific findings? A．The ability to learn a second language is changing all the time. B．The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. C．The experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain. D．A later second language learner and one knowing no second language have no difference. 3．What does the author try to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language. B．Learning a second language is the same as studying maths. C．It’s better to learn a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. D．Early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to learn a second language. B．How language learning helps brainpower. C．People’s ability to learn a second language. D．The relationship between language learning and math study. Passage 4 (23-24高一上•浙江杭州学军•期中) Cheese and red wine are basic diets over the festive period, and if you love red wine and cheese, a new study will come as music to your ears. Researchers from Iowa State University have found that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive (认知的) decline. In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption (摄取). The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline. Dr. Auriel Willette, who led the study, said: “I was pleasantly surprised that our results suggest that appropriately (合适地) eating cheese and drinking red wine daily are not just good for helping us cope with some diseases, but perhaps also dealing with an increasingly complex world. Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials (临床试验) at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in great ways.” While the reason for the link remains unclear, the researchers believe that cheese and red wine may protect some people from the effects of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症). Brandon Klinedinst, an author of the study, added: “Depending on the genetic factors you carry, some individuals seem to be more protected from the effects of Alzheimer’s, while others seem to beat greater risk. Perhaps the silver bullet we’re looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and putting this disease in an opposite path.” 1．Which of the following increases the risk of cognitive problems? A．Taking in too much salt. B．Eating cheese properly. C．Drinking red wine daily. D．Consuming lamb weekly. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Changes in our diet help our brains in significant ways. B．The diets of wealthy people were not taken into account. C．The study results need to be proved by more clinical trials. D．Some diseases make our world increasingly complex. 3．What does the underlined phrase “silver bullet” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Genetic factor. B．Easy solution. C．Special metal. D．Certain food. 4．What is the study mainly about? A．Basic diets over the festive period. B．Possible reasons for cognitive decline. C．Feelings of pleasant music to people’s ears. D．Effects of certain diets on cognitive decline. 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江强基联盟•期中) After the Second World War, Europe’s rapid economic growth led to a more open and fair society, with fewer class barriers (阶级壁垒) and less obvious class differences. Changes in the structure (结构) of the middle class were particularly influential. In the1800s and early 1900s, the middle class was made up of business owners or professionals like lawyers and doctors. Ownership of property (财产) and strong family ties had often been the keys to wealth and standing within the middle class. But after 1945, things changed in Western Europe. A new breed of managers and experts serving the needs of big organizations took the place of traditional property owners as the leaders of the middle class. At the same time, the middle class grew massively and became harder to define. There were several reasons for these developments. The growth of industry and technology required more managers and technologists. Moreover, the old middle class lost control of family businesses, and many small businesses closed as their former owners became salaried workers. Top managers and ranking civil servants, often trained in engineering or accounting, formed a new middle class of specialists from various social backgrounds. Thus the new middle class, which was based largely on specialized skills and high levels of education, was more open, democratic, and less secure than the old middle class. The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society, as the percent of income spent on food and drink declined substantially and people began to purchase a wider range of goods beyond just food and drinks. For example, the European car industry experienced significant growth after lagging far behind the United States since the 1920s. In 1948 there were only 5 million cars in Western Europe, but in 1965 there were 44 million. Like Americans, Europeans bought household goods like washing machines and TVs using credit, which was made easier by installment purchasing. This, along with better social security, made them more willing to take on debt. 1．What mainly decided middle-class membership in the 1800s and early 1900s? A．Strong family connections. B．Expertise in managing property. C．Working in a large organizations. D．Support from the medical community. 2．What do we know about the new middle-class members? A．They are more open-minded. B．They grow up in wealthy families. C．They work in family-owned businesses. D．They share the same social background. 3．Why does the author mention the rise in car numbers from 1948 to 1965? A．To express his preference for cars made in Europe. B．To state the economic and social changes after WWⅡ. C．To compare Europe’s progress in economy with the U. S. D．To show his pride in the rise of car sales in Western Europe. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Suggestions for buying goods on credit. B．The author’s views on European society. C．The rapid development of European society. D．Changes in European society after the war. Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江9+1高中联盟•期中) Art can be found almost everywhere on Earth. There are statues on mountaintops, sculptures under the sea, and art shows held in the middle of deserts. A group of over 30,000 artists has recently come together to place their works in a completely new location — the Moon. The project, named the Lunar Codex (月球密典), is dividing pieces they have gathered into five collections. The first one, the Orion (猎户座) Collection, was already sent into space to move around the Moon in 2022 on NASA's Orion spacecraft. The other four will be flown to different destinations on the Moon in future landing tasks. The Lunar Codex was founded by Canadian physicist, artist, and big businessman Samuel Peralta. Growing up with a love for both writing poetry and learning about space, Peralta dreamed of sending his poems to the Moon one day. Upon discovering that some lunar landing tasks were selling spare goods space on the ships, he booked places on five tasks. While the primary goals of these tasks are to transport lunar landers for scientific experiments, private organizations have been given the opportunity to buy any spare goods space for various purposes. The artwork included in the Lunar Codex stands for different kinds of artists and artistic forms. The collections at present have works from over 162 different countries. These include works from painters, photographers, writers, filmmakers, and more. The size of each piece of artwork will be miniaturized onto special plates that can be read with a microscope, a tool used in scientific study for making things look larger. Content such as music and movies will be saved on digital cards instead. While the idea of humanity colonizing (殖民于) the Moon was long just thought of as science fiction, countries worldwide are now seriously considering this possibility. Samuel Peralta hopes that the Lunar Codex can be the start of art and culture and later even humanity colonization on the Moon. 1．How did Samuel Peralta realize his dream? A．By writing a book of poems about space. B．By founding a space transportation company. C．By travelling through NASA’s Orion spacecraft. D．By buying spare goods space on lunar landing tasks. 2．What does the underlined word “miniaturized” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Reduced. B．Simplified. C．Copied. D．Enlarged. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Colonizing the moon is just a human imagination at present. B．The idea of colonizing the moon has been a popular scientific theory. C．The Moon is always considered an ideal location for human colonization. D．The Lunar Codex may be the beginning of humanity colonizing the moon. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The Task of NASA B．Art on the Moon C．An Art and Space Lover D．The Moon Colonization Passage 3 (23-24高一上•浙江台州十校•期中) When we’re trying to decide which cell phone case to buy or which hotel room to book, we often rely on the ratings (评价) and reviews of others to help us choose. But research suggests that we tend to use this information in ways that can actually work to our disadvantage. “It’s extremely common for websites and apps to display the average score of a product along with the number of reviews. Our research suggests that, in some cases, people might take this information and make bad decisions with it,” says researcher Derek Powell of Stanford University, the lead author on the study. “We found that people were biased (有偏见的) toward choosing to buy more popular products and that this sometimes led them to make very poor decisions,” he explains. As opportunities to buy products online increase, we can easily get first-hand information about users’ experiences. “We wanted to examine how people use this wealth of information when they make decisions, and specifically how they weigh information about other people’s decisions,” says Powell. Looking at actual products available on Amazon.com, Powell and his colleagues found no relationship between the number of reviews a product had and its average rating. In other words, real-world data show that a large number of reviews are not a reliable indicator of a product’s quality. In one online experiment,132 adult participants looked at a series of phone cases presented in pairs. The participants saw an average user rating and total number of reviews for each phone case and expressed which case in each pair they would buy. Across various combinations of average rating and the number of reviews, participants usually chose the option (选项) with more reviews. This bias was so strong that they often preferred the more-reviewed phone case even when both of the options had low ratings, effectively choosing the product that was, in statistical (统计学的) terms, more likely to be low quality. 1．What is the focus of the research by Powell and his colleagues? A．How wealth influences consumers’ choice of products. B．How past experiences influence consumers’ choice of products. C．How product quality influences consumers’ choice of products. D．How information online influences consumers’ choice of products. 2．What does Powell’s research show about people’s use of ratings and reviews while choosing products? A．It always lets people make poor decisions. B．It leads to the bias that can result in poor decision-making. C．It has little influence on people’s decision-making. D．It allows users to choose fine quality products out of poor ones. 3．What do the participants’ choices in the experiment show? A．They show a preference for higher-priced goods. B．They balance quality and quantity (数量) of reviews well. C．They prefer less-reviewed options to more-reviewed ones. D．They often choose more-reviewed products even with low ratings. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Using reviews and ratings in buying product may be misleading. B．Using first-hand information about users’ experiences is a reasonable method. C．Bias against quality products are common. D．Using reviews and ratings in buying product is a future mainstream trend. Passage 4 (23-24高一上•浙江杭州四中•期中) If you had boarded a passenger plane in 1950, you would have seen five people in the cockpit (驾驶舱): two pilots, a radio operator, a navigator and a flight engineer. Over the years, technical advances have gradually removed the need for the last three, leaving just two pilots. That has been the norm (标准) in commercial aviation for decades. However, things could be simplified further — one of the two remaining pilots could soon go. Many military aircraft are already manned by a single pilot, and for commercial aviation this would mean stepping into a brave new world. But how will airlines make this brave innovation come true? One way is to greatly increase automation in the cockpit, devoting more tasks to computers. Another is to shift the same tasks from the cockpit to the ground. “The latter approach seems to be more workable, at least in the short term, because much of what is required already exists,” says Patrick Smith, an airline pilot flying Boeing 767 aircraft. “A trained ground operator could observe a number of flights at once and even fully control the plane remotely if needed.” It’s true that single-pilot operations could help airlines save money, but there is another reason which makes them quicken their pace for this crucial breakthrough. Boeing predicts a need for 600,000 new pilots in the next two decades, but by some estimates, there will be a deficit (赤字) of at least 34,000 pilots globally by 2025. Reducing the number of pilots on some crews or aircraft could lessen the impact of this. Perhaps the biggest barrier to a single pilot will be selling the idea to passengers. In 2019, Don Harris, a professor at Coventry University, conducted a survey on the prospect of flying on an airliner with just one pilot. Just a minority of participants said they’d be willing to take that flight, and the general idea was that removing a pilot increased the possibility of accidents. In the study, Harris concluded that the single-crew airliner would be still probably 20 years away. 1．What is the potential trend in commercial aviation according to the text? A．It will make air travel eco-friendly. B．It will switch to single-pilot operations. C．It will tighten its flight control for safety concerns. D．It will bring in many military aircraft to the industry. 2．What does Patrick Smith think is a quick way to realize airlines’ brave innovation? A．Raising the standards in admitting new pilots. B．Making pilots adaptable to different situations. C．Using computers to automate the flight process. D．Gaining piloting support from ground operators. 3．What can be inferred from Don Harris’ study? A．The prospect of single-crew airliners is bright. B．It’s urgent that airlines reduce airplane accidents. C．Passengers are willing to try new types of airplanes. D．Airlines have a long way to go before the innovation occurs. Passage 5 (23-24高一上•浙江杭十四中•期中) Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention. “I do all the planning and book.” says Mandy. Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots?!’I cried.’ You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-s—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!!Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.” How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way? On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behavior thought to be: male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同伴)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.” On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired (与生俱来的) differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed s strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence. Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undoubted, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what degree biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us. 1．What does the underlined word “contention” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Satisfaction. B．Disagreement C．Influence. D．Information 2．What topic does the text focus on? A．Whether men and women are different B．Why minds and bodies are so different. C．How different males and females are. D．What causes the sex difference. 3．What does the study about monkeys prove? A．Monkeys have their own preferences. B．Parents indeed have strong impacts. C．Men and women are born different. D．Females and males behave differently. 4．Which statement about sex differences does the author probably agree with? A．Biology leads to the differences. B．Biology mostly affects our choices. C．Social influence can be ignored. D．Peers have more impact than parents. 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江杭二•期中) “A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof (隔音的) room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 1．What can we know from the six-year experiment? A．Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequency. B．Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. C．Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D．Plants make the sound of the same frequency whatever the situation. 2．What is the algorithm used for in the research? A．To record the sounds. B．To control the sounds. C．To produce the sounds. D．To identify the sounds. 3．What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A．Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B．Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C．Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. D．Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. 4．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Sounds That We Can’t Hear B．Beautiful Songs from Plants C．Plants React to Different Types of Stress D．Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江9+1高中联盟•期中) Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study. Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond (纽带) in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. These animals live for tens of years, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, swimming right beside her like they’re still babies”. Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s fertility (生育能力) . He and his team studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物) . Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”. In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Noticeably, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says. The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units. His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition. The team didn’t find out exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop depending on your mom as much.” 1．What's the main topic of the article? A．The social structure of killer whale pods. B．The difference in parental care across different whales. C．The behavior of male killer whales towards their mothers. D．The impact of mother-son bond on female killer whales’ fertility. 2．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies? A．A mother of a son won’t have another baby. B．It is obviously reduced when she has a son. C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod. 3．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys? A．To gain support from boys. B．To compete with other pods. C．To reduce competition for resources. D．To develop the pod’s population. 4．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups? A．It is not common in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings. C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development. Passage 3 (23-24高一上•浙江A9联盟•期中) Sleeping in a noisy room isn’t only distracting (使人分心的), and it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that long­term loud noises can harm us, it’s only recently become recognized as a widespread problem. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr. Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝),it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones(荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure (接触) to the sound that can finally affect you. “But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.” 1．What do researchers from Germany and Denmark find? A．Noise does little harm to people who are asleep. B．Noise can cause people’s memory to get worse sharply. C．Noise has been a widespread concern for a long time. D．Noise louder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease. 2．Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 2? A．Defeat. B．Harm. C．Attract. D．Discourage. 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．Politicians should take action to handle noise pollution. B．Münzel will continue other studies on brain diseases. C．Benefits of airport owners are more important than health. D．Attention should be paid to heart health and other diseases. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Who Is to Blame for Noise Pollution B．What Should Be Done to Stop Noise C．How Münzel Carried Out His Research D．How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body 试卷第10页，共48页 试卷第11页，共48页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江G5联盟•期中) New scientific research has found that attending live sporting events enhances levels of wellbeing. Published in the journal Frontiers in Public Health, the research is the first large-sized study to examine the benefits of attending any type of live sporting event. It found that attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing-life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile” — as well as lower levels of loneliness. These results are significant as previous studies have shown that higher life satisfaction scores are associated with fewer life-limiting conditions, better physical health and successful ageing. The new study also found that attending live sporting events leads to an increase in people’s sense that “life is worthwhile,” and the size of this increase is comparable to that of gaining employment. Watching live sporting events can also offer an accessible and effective public health tool for improving wellbeing. Lead author Dr Helen Keyes, Head of the School of Psychology and Sport Science at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), said: “Previous research has focused on certain sports or small population groups, such as college students in the United States. Ours is the first study to look at the benefits of attending any sporting event across an adult population, and therefore our findings could be useful for shaping future public health strategies, such as offering reduced ticket prices for certain groups.” The live events covered by the survey ranged from free amateur (业余的) events, such as watching village sports teams, right through to Premier League football matches. Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to see if these benefits are more pronounced for top level sport, or are more closely linked to supporting a specific team. However, without doubt, watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to shape group identity and belonging, which in turn boosts levels of wellbeing. 1．What can we learn about the new study from the passage? A．The study only covered Premier League football matches. B．Watching live sporting events has little effect on one’s wellbeing. C．It is the first one to study the benefits of attending live sporting events. D．Attending live sporting events increases life satisfaction and a sense of meaning. 2．What’s Dr. Helen Keyes’s attitude to the study? A．Objective. B．Neutral. C．Negative. D．Positive. 3．What does the underlined word “pronounced” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Suitable. B．Noticeable. C．Powerful. D．Important. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Attending Live Sport Improves Wellbeing B．Watching Live Sporting Events Has Many Benefits C．A Research on the Popularity of Live Sporting Events D．A Study on the Effects of Sporting Events on Physical Health 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了观看现场体育赛事提高幸福感的研究。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It found that attending live sporting events results in higher scores of two major measurements of subjective wellbeing-life satisfaction and a sense of “life being worthwhile” — as well as lower levels of loneliness. (研究发现，观看现场体育赛事的人在主观幸福感的两项主要指标——生活满意度和“生活有价值”感——上得分更高，孤独感也更低) ”可知，现场观看体育赛事可以提高生活满意度和生活意义。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中Dr. Helen Keyest的话“Ours is the first study to look at the benefits of attending any sporting event across an adult population, and therefore our findings could be useful for shaping future public health strategies…(我们的研究是第一个观察成年人参加任何体育赛事的好处的研究，因此我们的研究结果可能对制定未来的公共卫生战略有用)”可以看出，她对自己的研究持积极态度，认为这项研究对未来公共卫生策略的制定是有用的。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The live events covered by the survey ranged from free amateur (业余的) events, such as watching village sports teams, right through to Premier League football matches. Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to see if these benefits are more pronounced for top level sport, or are more closely linked to supporting a specific team.(调查涵盖的现场活动范围从免费的业余活动，比如观看乡村运动队，一直到英超联赛。因此，需要进行进一步的研究，看看这些好处是在顶级运动中更pronounced，还是与支持某个特定团队更密切相关)”可知，调查涵盖的现场活动范围从免费的业余活动，因此，需要进行进一步的研究，看看这些好处是在顶级运动中更明显。在这里，“pronounced”意味着“明显的、显著的”，与B项“noticeable”意思相符。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“New scientific research has found that attending live sporting events enhances levels of wellbeing.(新的科学研究发现，观看现场体育赛事可以提高幸福水平)”可知，短文主要讲述了观看现场体育赛事提高幸福感的研究。故最佳标题为“观看现场体育赛事能提高人的幸福感”。故选A项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江A9协作体•期中) Have you ever heard of the online topic “20 minutes for parks”? It’s all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time. This year, China sees an increasing number of young people who are choosing to hang out in parks more often. Huang Bingbing, who lives in Shenzhen, is one of them. Three years back, she started going to the small park downstairs from her office for lunch breaks on weekdays. “On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained. Huang believes parks can feel like your own secret hideaway. Being introverted(内向的), she finds parks to be ideal relaxing zones for people like her. Yet, parks are also shared spaces. They’re different from shopping malls and cinemas for a particular reason, according to young stage designer Liu Xi, who sees parks as places that disagree with consumerism(消费主义). In parks, people can walk, boat, read under the trees, or simply be lost in thought on a long chair. “Parks offer a non-consumerist environment where one can find joy without opening their wallets,” Liu explained. Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan. She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them. Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to park by building a sense that they have part of the parks. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things. “I hope our group takes more social responsibility. Each of us can become a protector and contributor to the parks and our city,” she said. 1．Why does the author raise a question in Paragraph 1? A．To seek for advice. B．To have a discussion. C．To introduce the topic. D．To express the author’s doubt. 2．What benefits can parks provide for more Chinese youths? A．Lowering working stress and relaxing themselves. B．Making more friends and getting closer to nature. C．Enriching knowledge of parks and opening their eyes. D．Feeling connected to the park and enjoying fun consuming. 3．What drives Cheng Yuyan to make a new practice? A．Her experience in Japan’s parks. B．The historical guidebooks in Japan’s parks. C．Her working experience in Japan. D．The foundation of parks-related interest group. 4．Which is the best title for this text? A．Parks: The Ideal Zone for Youngsters B．The Attraction of Parks: Beyond Consumerism C．20 Minutes for Parks: A Trend Among Young People D．Young People and Parks: Connecting and Contributing 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在中国越来越多的年轻人参与“20分钟逛公园”活动，讨论了其益处和对消费主义的态度。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s all about the idea that spending just 20 minutes in a park daily can help lower stress, no matter how you spend that time.(这都是关于这个想法，只要在公园里花费20分钟时间，无论以何种方式，都可以帮助减少压力)”可知，采用提问的形式是为了引入“20 minutes for parks”这个话题，旨在吸引读者的注意并引出全文主题。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段““On that piece of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals. It allowed me to clear my mind and recover from the stress of work,” Huang explained.(“在那片草地上，我可以与活的植物和动物交流。这让我理清了思绪，从工作压力中恢复过来，”黄解释说)”以及“Being introverted, she finds parks to be ideal relaxing zones for people like her.(由于性格内向，她发现公园对像她这样的人来说是理想的放松场所)”可知，在公园度过时光能帮助年轻人降低工作压力，放松心情。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cheng Yuyan, the 25-year-old founder of the Douban interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, saw something interesting during her visits to parks in Japan. She noticed that locals donated park benches with their names on them. Additionally, many parks offered guidebooks detailing the history, geography and blooming schedules of the plants. Inspired by these practices, Cheng believes people can feel more connected to park by building a sense that they have part of the parks. She plans to encourage members of her Douban group to do similar things.(25岁的豆瓣兴趣小组“我们爱逛公园”的创始人Cheng Yuyan在日本逛公园时发现了一些有趣的事情。她注意到当地人捐赠了印有他们名字的公园长椅。此外，许多公园还提供指南，详细介绍了这些植物的历史、地理和开花时间表。在这些实践的启发下，Cheng相信人们可以通过建立一种他们是公园的一部分的感觉来感觉与公园的联系。她计划鼓励她的豆瓣群成员做类似的事情)”可知，Cheng Yuyan在日本公园的经历促使她产生新实践的灵感。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This year, China sees an increasing number of young people who are choosing to hang out in parks more often.(今年，中国有越来越多的年轻人选择更频繁地在公园闲逛)”及全文内容可知，文章重点讲述了“20分钟逛公园”行动趋势及其对年轻人的影响，故与文章主旨最符合的标题是“20 Minutes for Parks: A Trend Among Young People(20分钟逛公园：年轻人的潮流)”。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上•浙江A9协作体•期中) It’s long been thought that the earlier you start learning new skills, the easier they are to pick up. The idea that age can play a huge role in a person’s language learning ability is one of the reasons why early childhood was once considered the best time to introduce a second language. However, new research suggests that the human brain, a complex organ capable of constant evolution, has potential for higher learning after adolescence (青春期). This means that even if someone doesn’t start learning a second language until later in life, they can still achieve a high level of proficiency (熟练). “Research says that adults are better learners because we have a lot of self-regulation and we’re very determined when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. However, she believes that factors beyond age, such as being deeply engaged in the language, make a bigger difference in language learning success. “Without exposure to the language, there’s no learning that can happen, early or late.” Factors like a person’s natural ability, their earlier language learning experience, and the frequency of their practice also affect the language learning process, according to The Foreign Service Institute. That said, children and adults do have their own unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to learning a new language. Children tend to learn new languages more naturally, often through play and without relying on translation tools. They adapt quickly but might lack structured learning methods. On the other hand, adults can use strategies like creating their own memory systems or visualization techniques to learn effectively, but they may find it harder to immerse themselves fully in a new language environment given their well-established native language system. Still, Joshua Hartshorne, a research associate professor at the MGH Institute of Health Professions, says, “Language is a dynamic system, and there is always something new and more to learn in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and usage. People have been believing that you have got as good as you’re going to get in a new language within four or five years. But what we saw was actually that, as people continue learning for about 30 years, they continue to get better.” 1．What does the new research show? A．Children have great ability for learning new skills. B．Early childhood is the best time to learn languages. C．The human brain is a complex organ in learning a language. D．Learning a language well is not limited by the learner’s age. 2．What practice best improves the language learning according to Lourdes Ortega? A．Reviewing vocabulary frequently. B．Joining a local language group. C．Setting clear goals for language learning. D．Taking various language courses. 3．What advantage do adults have over children in learning a new language? A．They tend to learn languages in a strategic way. B．They have developed a personal memory system. C．They have formed a structured learning methods. D．They are given a well-established native language system. 4．What does the underlined word “dynamic” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Confusing. B．Advanced. C．Changing. D．Detailed. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明学习语言不受年龄限制，成年人是更好的学习者的原因及儿童和成年人学习语言时各自的优势等。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, new research suggests that the human brain, a complex organ capable of constant evolution, has potential for higher learning after adolescence (青春期). This means that even if someone doesn’t start learning a second language until later in life, they can still achieve a high level of proficiency (熟练). (然而，新的研究表明，人类的大脑是一个能够不断进化的复杂器官，在青春期后具有更高的学习潜力。这意味着即使有些人直到晚年才开始学习第二语言，他们仍然可以达到高水平的熟练程度。)”可知新的研究表明即使晚年开学习语言，仍然能达到高水平，也就是学习语言不受年龄限制。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, she believes that factors beyond age, such as being deeply engaged in the language, make a bigger difference in language learning success. (然而，她认为年龄以外的因素，比如对语言的深度投入，对语言学习的成功起着更大的作用。)”可知Lourdes Ortega认为对语言的深度投入最能提高语言学习，再综合选项，参加当地的语言小组最符合Lourdes Ortega的观点。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, adults can use strategies like creating their own memory systems or visualization techniques to learn effectively, but they may find it harder to immerse themselves fully in a new language environment given their well-established native language system. (另一方面，成年人可以使用创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术等策略来有效地学习，但他们可能会发现，由于他们已经建立了母语系统，他们很难完全沉浸在新的语言环境中。)”可知成年人创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术等策略来有效地学习，也就是他们倾向于以一种战略性的方式学习语言。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“and there is always something new and more to learn in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and usage (在词汇、语法和用法方面，总是有新的东西需要学习)”故可推测出上文意思是语言是一个动态的或者是变化的系统，所以划线词和Changing同义。故选C。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上•浙江G5联盟•期中) Travel is like a box of chocolates: you never know what you’re going to get, especially when using a mystery box plane ticket. Earlier this year, mystery box travel became trendy among China’s young people. In normal trips, people often plan their vacations well in advance. After buying a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — the travelers using this method will select their departure airport and then receive several destinations to choose from. After the destination is decided, their trip begins. Liao Liangyu, 16, has turned his eagerness to go on a mystery box trip into reality. He took a mystery box trip with a couple of friends months ago. It started when one of them got a mystery box ticket to Changsha, the capital city of Hunan province. Surprisingly, Liao happened to get Changsha too. Right before their departure, a friend told Liao that Changsha was a super hyped-up (被炒作) Internet-famous site. But he still decided to go and see it for himself. “My biggest discovery is that Changsha is a city full of contrasts,” Liao explained to China Daily. “You can see tall buildings and low houses in the same view.” Since the destination options include many less popular cities, travel mystery boxes also bring economic benefits to them. For example, Dehong city is a beautiful city in Yunnan province yet has few visitors due to a lack of promotion. Following its inclusion as a mystery box travel destination, however, it has gained a lot of attention and is now thought of as a popular destination for tourism. But even so, a large number of people feel disappointed with travel mystery boxes because they can face many problems after buying one, such as improper travel times, sudden flight cancellations, or even challenges with refunds (退款). Sun Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should select reliable platforms and sign contracts to ensure their interests. 1．What is the main attraction of a mystery box plane ticket? A．It offers travelers a low price for plane tickets. B．It provides travelers with several destination choices. C．It allows travelers to choose their own departure time. D．It requires travelers to plan their vacations in advance. 2．Why did Liao Liangyu decide to take a mystery box trip to Changsha? A．Because it was a super hyped-up site. B．Because he wanted to experience a city full of contrasts. C．Because one of his friends had already bought a ticket there. D．Because he wanted to see it in person regardless of others’ opinion. 3．How do travel mystery boxes benefit less popular cities economically? A．They create more jobs for locals. B．They increase the number of visitors. C．They provide more travel options. D．They cut down the cost of promotion. 4．What advice did Sun Weili give to visitors regarding travel mystery boxes? A．To pick popular destinations. B．To avoid traveling during the peak season. C．To choose dependable platforms and sign contracts. D．To read the refund policy before buying mystery boxes. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅行盲盒在中国年轻人中流行起来，旅行者通过机票盲盒选择目的地，带来意外发现，同时促进小众旅行地的经济效益，但也面临旅行时间不合适、航班取消等风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After buying a mystery box at a low price — usually 100 or 200 yuan — the travelers using this method will select their departure airport and then receive several destinations to choose from. (使用这种方法的旅行者在以低价，通常为100元或200元，购买一个盲盒后，将选择他们的出发机场，然后收到几个可供选择的目的地)”可知，机票盲盒的主要吸引力在于它为旅行者提供低价机票。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Right before their departure, a friend told Liao that Changsha was a super hyped-up (被炒作) Internet-famous site. But he still decided to go and see it for himself. (就在他们出发前，一个朋友告诉廖，长沙是一个超级炒作的网红地。但他还是决定亲自去看看)”可知，廖决定去长沙是因为他想不受他人意见的左右，亲眼看看这个城市。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For example, Dehong city is a beautiful city in Yunnan province yet has few visitors due to a lack of promotion. Following its inclusion as a mystery box travel destination, however, it has gained a lot of attention and is now thought of as a popular destination for tourism. (例如，德宏市是云南省一个美丽的城市，但由于缺乏宣传，游客很少。然而，随着它被列为旅游盲盒目的地，它已经获得了很多关注，现在被认为是一个受欢迎的旅游目的地)”可知，旅行盲盒增加了游客数量，使不太受欢迎的城市在经济上受益。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sun Weili from Ctrip suggested in an interview with Haibao News that visitors should select reliable platforms and sign contracts to ensure their interests. (携程网的孙为立在接受《海报新闻》采访时建议，游客应该选择可靠的平台，并签订合同，以确保自己的利益)”可知，孙为立建议游客选择可靠的平台，签订合同。故选C项。 Passage 5 (24-25高一上•浙江9+1联盟•期中) We’re all familiar with the feeling―it usually starts with a little itch (痒) deep inside the nose. Next comes the awareness that it’s going to happen. Then, achoo! Air rushes out of our nose at a shocking 100 miles per hour, bursting out whatever was causing the itch. The high-pressure from a sneeze (喷嚏) has led some people to think that if we didn’t close our eyes, they could be pushed out. For decades, countless people have tested the theory. When finding it almost impossible to keep their eyes open while sneezing, many have concluded that the theory must be true. If you try it yourself, the possibilities are that your eyes are still where they belong. That’s because they are held firmly by the muscles in the eyes. Furthermore, increased pressure from sneezing actually builds up in the blood vessels (血管), which may cause vessels to break but may not be possible to push the eyeballs out. Why did this theory start, anyway? Some say that it all began in 1882, when the New York Times reported an incident of a woman who burst one of her eyeballs during a sudden sneeze. Others point at the fact that different high-pressure experiences, such as childbirth, can cause blood vessels in the eyes to break out. Still others say that closing our eyes when we sneeze shows the theory is true. Scientists, on the other hand, explain that we close our eyes for the same reason we sneeze ― to prevent unwanted things from entering our bodies. Either way, as far as we know, there are no actual recorded cases of anyone losing an eyeball because of a sneeze, so don’t lose any sleep over it! 1．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 1? A．The cause of a sneeze. B．The danger of sneezing. C．The importance of a sneeze. D．The experience of sneezing. 2．Why won’t eyeballs be pushed out while people are sneezing? A．Because they are fixed firmly in the eyes. B．Because high pressure builds up in the eyes. C．Because they are held strongly by blood vessels. D．Because increased pressure prevents them from bursting out. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Sneezes usually cause an itchy nose. B．People sneeze to burst out unwanted things. C．The high pressure caused by a sneeze will become less through breathing. D．People close their eyes when sneezing to stop their eyeballs from popping out. 4．Where is the text most likely from? A．A guidebook. B．A magazine. C．A storybook. D．A textbook. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。打喷嚏产生的高压让一些人认为，如果我们不闭上眼睛，它们就会弹出来，文章用一些研究来表明没有任何实际的记录显示有人因为打喷嚏而失去了一个眼球，所以我们对此不用担心。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’re all familiar with the feeling―it usually starts with a little itch(痒) deep inside the nose. Next comes the awareness that it’s going to happen. Then, achoo! Air rushes out of our nose at a shocking 100 miles per hour, bursting out whatever was causing the itch. The high-pressure from a sneeze(喷嚏) has led some people to think that if we didn’t close our eyes, they could be pushed out.(我们都很熟悉这种感觉——通常开始于鼻子深处有点痒。接下来是意识到它将要发生。然后，阿嚏！空气以惊人的每小时100英里的速度从我们的鼻子喷出，喷出引起瘙痒的任何东西。打喷嚏产生的高压让一些人认为，如果我们不闭上眼睛，它们就会弹出来。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了打喷嚏的经历，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you try it yourself, the possibilities are that your eyes are still where they belong. That’s because they are held firmly by the muscles in the eyes. (如果你自己试试，很可能你的眼睛还在它们该在的地方。那是因为它们被眼睛里的肌肉牢牢地抓住了。)”可知，人们打喷嚏时眼球不会突出来是因为它们牢牢地固定在眼睛里。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Scientists, on the other hand, explain that we close our eyes for the same reason we sneeze ― to prevent unwanted things from entering our bodies. (另一方面，科学家解释说，我们闭上眼睛的原因和打喷嚏的原因一样——是为了防止不想要的东西进入我们的身体。)”可知，人们打喷嚏是为了防止不想要的东西进入我们的身体，由此可推知，人们打喷嚏是为了喷出不想要的东西。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The high-pressure from a sneeze (喷嚏) has led some people to think that if we didn’t close our eyes, they could be pushed out.(打喷嚏产生的高压让一些人认为，如果我们不闭上眼睛，它们就会弹出来。)”和最后一段中“Either way, as far as we know, there are no actual recorded cases of anyone losing an eyeball because of a sneeze, so don’t lose any sleep over it!(不管怎样，据我们所知，没有任何实际的记录显示有人因为打喷嚏而失去了一个眼球，所以不要因此而失眠！)”可知，打喷嚏产生的高压让一些人认为，如果我们不闭上眼睛，它们就会弹出来，文章用一些研究来表明没有任何实际的记录显示有人因为打喷嚏而失去了一个眼球，所以我们对此不用担心。结合选项“A. A research paper.(一篇研究论文)；B. A magazine.(一本杂志)；C. A guidebook.(一本旅游指南)；D. A textbook.(一本教科书)”可知，本文属于科普类知识，最有可能出现在杂志上，故选B。 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江六校联盟•期中) Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers’ mental health has been under heated discussion. On Sept 30 a British court decided that content on social media platforms contributed to the depression of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health. So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform. But she said that the users’ power to regulate videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said. Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that lures teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media. In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”. 1．What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court? A．Her interaction with others online. B．Negative information on social media platforms. C．Short videos she watched on the Internet. D．Her addiction to online posts. 2．Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with? A．The number of younger Social media users should be limited. B．Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance. C．A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents. D．It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses. 3．Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan? A．Parents. B．Social media platforms C．Content creators. D．Social media platforms. 4．What does Wu suggest teenagers should do? A．Use social media wisely. B．Reduce social media usage. C．Stay away from online games. D．Learn more about social media. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体与青少年心理健康之间的关系并提出一些建议防止社交媒体危害青少年心理健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related to pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website. (据《观察家报》网站报道，在Russell患上抑郁症的6个月里，她浏览了2100条有关悲观、自残的帖子。)”可知，是因为社交媒体平台上的负面信息导致了她的抑郁症。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand? (既然不可能切断年轻用户对社交媒体的访问，为什么不引入一种“监督模式”，父母可以事先监管青少年观看的内容？)”可知，她认为家长应该提前监控青少年观看的内容。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful. (过滤掉可能有害的内容，最终是社交媒体平台的责任。)”可知，她认为社交媒体平台应该最终负责删除负面内容。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy(素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. (在Wu看来，今天的青少年应该提高他们的社交媒体素养，辨别真假和好坏。)”可知，Wu建议青少年应该理智使用社交媒体。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江宁波北仑中学•期中) Good friends and good physical health may be even more closely linked than previously thought, new research has found. Researchers discovered that positive social experiences impact not only a person’s stress level and ability to cope, but also markers (指标) of physical health, according to a study published Monday in the journal Society for Personality and Social Psychology. The study followed more than 4,000 people over three weeks as they completed check-ins every three days on their smartphones or smartwatches regarding their positive and negative experiences with their closest social relationships, as well as assessments of their blood pressure, heart rate, stress and coping. Having more positive experiences in social relationships was generally associated with better coping, lower stress and lower blood pressure, according to the study. Frequently changing between good and bad in social relationships can be unhelpful. When there is a lot of volatility, the negative experiences seemed to have a bigger impact on a person than the positive, said lead study author Brian Don of the University of Auckland. Then, how to build good social relationships? Adam Smiley Poswolsky, a workplace belonging expert, suggests starting small. Text a friend that you haven’t talked to in a long time, meet one new person a month, host a dinner party, or join a class. “If you do just one thing, make a list of five people in your life that you care about, and give one of them a phone call,” Poswolsky added. There might not be just one definition of a good friendship, but most strong relationships share some similar qualities, he said. They tend to prioritize laughter, joy, excitement, courage, and non-judgmental support. And good friendships are often two people helping each other become better versions (版本) of themselves, he added. “You know someone is a true friend when they have your back when you’re sick, when you lose your job, when you make a mistake, when you’re stressed, when you’re sad,” Poswolsky said. 1．How was the study carried out? A．By doing regular check-ins on devices. B．By following participants for three days. C．By interviewing the closest friends of participants. D．By monitoring the health conditions of participants. 2．What does the underlined word “volatility” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Pressure. B．Association. C．Changeability. D．Certainty. 3．Which statement will Poswolsky probably agree with? A．Friendship is about being always available. B．Friendship is based on shared interests and hobbies. C．Friendship begins with tiny moments of connection. D．Friendship means always having positive interactions. 4．Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A．A survey. B．A personal diary. C．A biology textbook. D．A news report. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，揭示了积极社交体验与更好的应对压力、降低血压和生理健康之间的联系。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study followed more than 4,000 people over three weeks as they completed check-ins every three days on their smartphones or smartwatches regarding their positive and negative experiences with their closest social relationships, as well as assessments of their blood pressure, heart rate, stress and coping.(这项研究在三周内跟踪了4000多人，他们每三天在智能手机或智能手表上完成一次签到，了解他们与最亲密的社会关系的积极和消极经历，以及对他们的血压、心率、压力和应对能力的评估。)”可知，研究是通过参与者每三天在他们的智能手机或智能手表上完成签到来进行的，即这项研究是通过在设备上定期签到进行的。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Frequently changing between good and bad in social relationships can be unhelpful. When there is a lot of volatility, the negative experiences seemed to have a bigger impact on a person than the positive, said lead study author Brian Don of the University of Auckland.(在好与坏之间摇摆的社会关系往往是无益的。奥克兰大学的主要研究作者Brian Don说，当volatility很大时，负面经历似乎比正面经历对一个人的影响更大)”可知，这里指有的社会关系会在好与坏之间摇摆，所以volatility的意思是“波动”，和选项C“变动性”意思一致。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Then, how to build good social relationships? Adam Smiley Poswolsky, a workplace belonging expert, suggests starting small. Text a friend that you haven’t talked to in a long time, meet one new person a month, host a dinner party, or join a class.(那么，如何建立良好的社会关系呢？职场归属感专家Adam Smiley Poswolsky建议从小处着手。给一个你很久没说话的朋友发短信，每月认识一个新朋友，举办一个晚宴，或者参加一个班)”可知，Poswolsky建议要建立友谊从小事开始，从小的连接时刻开始。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Good friends and good physical health may be even more closely linked than previously thought, new research has found. Researchers discovered that positive social experiences impact not only a person’s stress level and ability to cope, but also markers (指标) of physical health, according to a study published Monday in the journal Society for Personality and Social Psychology.(新的研究发现，好朋友和良好的身体健康可能比以前认为的更紧密地联系在一起。周一发表在《人格与社会心理学学会》杂志上的一项研究表明，研究人员发现，积极的社会经历不仅会影响一个人的压力水平和应对能力，还会影响身体健康的标志)”可知，这篇文章介绍了一项新的研究，揭示了积极社交体验与更好的应对压力、降低血压和生理健康之间的联系，最有可能出自报纸，故选D。 Passage 3 (23-24高一上•浙江杭州四中•期中) Even though we may believe that it’s important to say thank you, sometimes expressing gratitude is easier said than done. We might find ourselves getting confused about the details of what to say or the best way to deliver the message. As a result, many times, we do not express our gratitude. According to new research, however, it’s possible we might be making our thanks more complicated than it needs to be. In a paper published in The Journal of Positive Psychology, researchers compared the effects of expressing thanks in person, over a video call, and by text. And, while people generally expect an in-person thank-you to be most impactful, what happened in reality was quite different: sending a thank-you by text was almost as impactful as delivering the message in person. Additionally, texting maybe especially well-suited for situations where we feel embarrassed about expressing our appreciation. In one study, 219 college students from the United States and China participated in a gratitude activity in which they wrote about three things they were grateful for over a two-week period. After writing, the students were asked to actually thank the person involved. Some connected with the gratitude recipient (接受者) in person, others via video call, and others via text. At the beginning and end of the two weeks, participants completed surveys measuring their feelings of well-being, connections with others, depression, loneliness, and happiness. The researchers found that people who expressed gratitude increased their well-being, with only a few differences between the different methods of gratitude expression. Overall, video calls were just as beneficial as meeting in person. Texting was slightly less effective than video calling—it didn’t make people feel more connected and happy. However, participants who sent their thanks by text still experienced benefits: texting boosted their well-being and reduced their loneliness. Overall, the message is that we shouldn’t worry about finding just the “right” way to express our gratitude. In fact, you’re probably better off sending a quick thank-you today than waiting for the right time to schedule an in-person visit. You can be sure that many of gratitude’s benefits can be attained regardless of how you send the message. 1．How do people make expressing gratitude complex? A．They think it is useless to express gratitude. B．They feel ashamed to express gratitude. C．They think too much about the best way to do it. D．They waste too much time before saying it. 2．Which way may be best for us to avoid embarrassment when expressing our gratitude? A．Video chats. B．Face to face visits. C．Sending messages. D．Making phone calls. 3．What does the research mainly show? A．Learning to be grateful can give us a lot of benefits. B．We need to put saying thank-you into our daily routine. C．We should learn how to express appreciation to others. D．We shouldn’t be bothered by how to express our gratitude. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，表达感激之情的人获得了更高的幸福感，有利于身心健康，并建议，表达感激要及时。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Even though we may believe that it’s important to say thank you, sometimes expressing gratitude is easier said than done. We might find ourselves getting confused about the details of what to say or the best way to deliver the message. As a result, many times, we do not express our gratitude. (尽管我们可能认为说谢谢很重要，但有时表达感谢说起来容易做起来难。我们可能会发现自己对该说什么或传达信息的最佳方式的细节感到困惑。结果，很多时候，我们没有表达我们的感激之情。)”可知，人们想了太多最好的方法，结果使表达感激之情变得复杂。故选C。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Additionally, texting maybe especially well-suited for situations where we feel embarrassed about expressing our appreciation. (此外，发短信可能特别适合于我们对表达感谢感到尴尬的情况。)”可知，在表达感激之情时，发短信最能避免尴尬。故选C。 3．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Overall, the message is that we shouldn’t worry about finding just the “right” way to express our gratitude. In fact, you’re probably better off sending a quick thank-you today than waiting for the right time to schedule an in-person visit. You can be sure that many of gratitude’s benefits can be attained regardless of how you send the message. (总的来说，我们不应该担心找到“正确”的方式来表达我们的感激之情。事实上，比起等到合适的时间安排亲自拜访，你最好今天就发一封感谢信。你可以肯定的是，无论你如何表达感激之情，你都能从中获得很多好处。)”可知，研究主要显示我们不应该为如何表达感激之情而烦恼。故选D。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (23-24高一上•浙江宁波余姚中学•期中) It is not always easy to understand animal behavior, especially when it’s related to other species. For decades, researchers have observed orcas (虎鲸) attacking and even killing porpoises (鼠海豚) in the Pacific Northwest. But it confuses people that these expert hunters don’t eat them. So what’s going on here? Southern Resident orcas are a different population of orcas that live in the Pacific Northwest. The lives of these orcas are closely tied to those of the salmon. So if the salmon disappear, so too will the orca. But despite their preference for the salmon, these whales are known to attack and kill other smaller marine mammals (海洋哺乳 动物) without eating them. To better understand this unusual behavior, an international team of researchers did a research and examined more than 60 years of recorded interactions between Southern Resident orcas and porpoises in the Salish Sea. “Why don’t the Southern Residents just eat porpoises instead?” Deborah Giles of Wild Orca said. “It’s because fish-eating killer whales have a completely different ecology and culture from orcas that eat marine mammals. So we must conclude that their interactions with porpoises serve a different purpose, but this purpose has only been a guess until now. ” According to Giles and her colleagues’ work, the orca may be attacking the porpoise as a form of social play. It is possible these large animals may be attacking the smaller mammals as a way to build up social cohesion (凝聚力). Similarly, the behavior could represent hunting practice, by which the orcas are practising their teamwork and cooperation skills for hunting salmons. Finally, the behavior could be a way of “mismothering” where the orca see the smaller porpoises as weaker or ill and so in need of care. This work highlights the need for the protection of salmon populations in the area as well as the orcas’ entire hunting range. The threat to the salmon’s future is not just a threat to a single species, but an entire ecosystem. 1．Why did an international team of researchers do their study? A．To find out a way to protect porpoises. B．To make sure the reason why some orcas attack salmon. C．To solve the problem of marine mammals’ living environment. D．To better understand the strange behavior of Southern Resident orcas. 2．What is Southern Resident orcas’ favorite food? A．the porpoise. B．the marine mammal. C．the salmon. D．the whale. 3．According to Giles’ research, which may be a reason for the orcas’ attacking porpoises? A．It’s a kind of social play with porpoises. B．It is a practice to kill porpoises as their food. C．The orcas may dislike the smaller porpoises. D．It’s a way for the orcas to practice their hunting skills. 4．What probably is the writer’s attitude to the research? A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Doubtful. D．Uncertain. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于逆戟鲸攻击甚至杀死太平洋西北部的鼠海豚的现象的研究，以及对这一现象背后的原因进行了说明。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For decades, researchers have observed orca (虎鲸) attacking and even killing porpoises (鼠海豚) in the Pacific Northwest. But it confuses people that these expert hunters don’t eat them. So what’s going on here? (几十年来，研究人员观察到逆戟鲸攻击甚至杀死太平洋西北部的鼠海豚。但让人们困惑的是，这些专业的猎人不吃它们。这是怎么回事？)”以及第三段“To better understand this unusual behavior, an international team of researchers did a research and examined more than 60 years of recorded interactions between Southern Resident orcas and porpoises in the Salish Sea. (为了更好地理解这种不寻常的行为，一个国际研究小组做了一项研究，并检查了60多年来萨利希海南部虎鲸和鼠海豚之间的互动记录。)”可知，这个国际研究小组要进行研究，是为了更好地了解逆戟鲸的奇怪行为。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But despite their preference for salmon, these whales are known to attack and kill other smaller marine mammals (海洋哺乳动物) without eating them. (尽管它们喜欢吃鲑鱼，但众所周知，这些鲸鱼会攻击并杀死其他较小的海洋哺乳动物，而不吃它们。)”可知，逆戟鲸喜欢吃鲑鱼。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Similarly, the behavior could represent hunting practice, by which the orcas are practising their teamwork and cooperation skills for hunting salmon. (同样，这种行为可以代表狩猎练习，通过这种练习，逆戟鲸正在练习他们的团队合作技能，以捕猎鲑鱼。)”可知，根据吉尔的研究，虎鲸攻击海豚的原因可能是因为这是虎鲸练习狩猎技能的一种方式。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This work highlights the need for the protection of salmon populations in the area as well as the orcas’ entire hunting range. The threat to the salmon’s future is not just a threat to a single species, but an entire ecosystem. (这项工作强调了保护该地区鲑鱼种群以及逆戟鲸整个狩猎范围的必要性。对鲑鱼未来的威胁不仅仅是对单个物种的威胁，而是对整个生态系统的威胁。)”可推知，作者认为这项研究很重要，即持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江宁波余姚中学•期中) Have you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU? Maybe you opened a door or donated blood or volunteered in a hospital’s ER during the pandemic. This is called a prosocial behavior. Humans engage in these types of behaviors all the time. But a question remains in science: Are we the only species who do this? As one of out closest relatives, chimpanzees have long been studied for signs of this. So far, research has provided mixed results on the question. Some studies show that chimps cooperatively hunt, share food and comfort each other. But one study came to a very different conclusion. The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp. If they chose the latter, it was seen as a prosocial behavior. But the result is that chimps showed no special preferences for feeding themselves and a friend over feeding just themselves. Another study conducted by DeTroy, however, discovered a totally different result. Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic. “We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures. When an individual pushes the button, it releases juice from the fountain. However, since the button and fountain are approximately five meters apart, the individual pushing cannot directly drink from the fountain. And if any other chimpanzees are at the fountain when the button is pushed, they, and not the pusher, will be able to drink the juice. In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves. “It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.” said DeTroy. Further research may reveal what lies behind their prosocial motivation. But for now, it’s safe to assume that chimpanzees are not simply aping human behavior. 1．Which of the following belongs to prosocial behaviors? A．Jack participated in voluntary work in the library just to earn credits. B．Mark turned to his classmate for help when feeling stressful in study. C．Tim guided a lost child back home on his way to an important job interview. D．Rose often interrupted the teacher to ask questions actively in the math’s class. 2．What is the task of the chimpanzees in the lab-based study? A．Sharing food. B．Making a choice. C．Comforting others. D．Showing sympathy. 3．How is DeTroy’s study different from the previous ones? A．It was based on controlled lab experiment. B．It gave juice to the chimpanzees as a reward. C．It offered the tested chimpanzees a natural surrounding. D．It provided a chance for chimpanzees to help their partners. 4．What can we learn from DeTroy’s quotes? A．Chimpanzees can develop abilities to help others. B．Chimpanzees have acquired many human behaviors. C．Chimpanzees in the wild is cleverer than those in the lab. D．Chimpanzees displayed prosocial behaviors for certain rewards. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亲社会行为的概念和两个研究黑猩猩是否有亲社会行为的实验。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Have you ever done something for someone else—knowing that your actions would solely benefit THEM and not YOU?(你是否曾为别人做过什么事——明知你的行为只会让他们受益，而不会让你自己受益？)”和“This is called a prosocial behavior.(这被称为亲社会行为)”可知，亲社会行为是指明知你的行为只会让他们受益，而不会让你自己受益的情况下为别人做事的行为，所以选项C“蒂姆在去参加一个重要的工作面试的路上领着一个迷路的孩子回家。”是亲社会行为。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study used a controlled lab experiment where chimpanzees in enclosures were given two options: push a button to give food to themselves or push the button to give food to themselves AND a partner chimp.(这项研究采用了一项受控实验室实验，在围栏里的黑猩猩被给予两种选择：按下按钮给自己喂食，或按下按钮给自己和伴侣喂食) ”可知，在这项基于实验室的研究中，黑猩猩的任务是做出选择。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Compared to previous controlled lab-based experiments, the setup for DeTroy’s research was very naturalistic.(与以前的受控实验室实验相比，底特律的研究设置是非常自然的)”和“We installed a button and a fountain into the chimpanzees’ outer enclosures.(我们在黑猩猩的外部围栏里安装了一个按钮和一个喷泉)”可知，DeTroy的研究不同于之前的研究之处是它为被测试的黑猩猩提供了一个自然环境。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒第三段“In this experiment, chimpanzees showed a willingness to act in the interest of others, with individual chimpanzees prepared to push the button without benefiting themselves.(在这个实验中，黑猩猩表现出了为他人利益而行动的意愿，个别黑猩猩愿意按下按钮，但对自己没有好处) ”和倒第二段中的 “It is really fascinating to see that many of the chimpanzees were willing to prosocially provide valuable resources to the group members even if they couldn’t benefit themselves from their behavior.(看到许多黑猩猩愿意亲社会地为群体成员提供宝贵的资源，即使他们不能从自己的行为中获益，这真的很吸引人) ”可知，我们可以从DeTroy的话中了解到黑猩猩也能有亲社会行为，能够发展出帮助他人的能力。故选A。 主题01 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江强基联盟•期中) Nutrition (营养学) is really tricky. It’s like a big puzzle with many pieces that scientists are still trying to put together. People who worry about their diet want simple labels of ‘good’ or ‘bad’ and clear advice to follow, but the truth is much more slippery than that. The science about fats and cholesterol (胆固醇) is often counterintuitive (违反直觉的). Even qualified dietitians can be confused by it. Some diets that are supposed to be healthy can actually make your cholesterol go up. This can happen because not eating enough can mess with your body’s hormones (激素). Too much fat in the diet has long been known to be bad for your heart health. But, after decades of pointing fingers at all non-vegetable fats, science has now decisively changed its mind. The research starting in the 1950s, which claimed that eating fats would make your cholesterol go up and lead to heart problems, has been proved to be not always true. What has been called the ‘French paradox’ by American scientists reflects the fact that in France — as in many other countries — people may have high cholesterol levels and high consumption of saturated fats (饱和脂肪) but low cases of heart disease. This is because other things, like smoking, which can also affect your heart, are often ignored. In 2014, a review of seventy - two different studies of heart disease and saturated fats, conducted by the British Heart Foundation, found that there wasn’t a connection between eating fat and heart problems. But even though the review showed no connection, government advice remains in place to limit the amount of fats eaten, especially saturated ones. The food industry sometimes helps make the advice that governments give about eating healthy. They made a picture called the ‘Eatwell Plate’ to show people what to eat. But most people in the UK eat too much fat, and now it’s mostly from things like vegetable oils, not from animals. 1．The underlined word “slippery” in paragraph one is closest in meaning to ________. A．Unclear. B．Simple. C．Strange. D．Important. 2．What can be concluded from the researches in paragraph 3? A．Eating fats is always harmful to heart health. B．Smoking is the leading factor causing heart health. C．The relationship between eating fats and heart disease is uncertain. D．French people have high cases of heart disease due to their eating habits. 3．What is government’s suggestion for fat intake? A．Eating different types of fats. B．Focusing more on vegetable oils. C．Taking in as much fat as you want. D．Controlling the amount of fat in diet. 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A science report. C．A short story. D．A book review. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学研究发现吃含有高脂肪的食物和心脏问题之间没有联系。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“People who worry about their diet want simple labels of ‘good’ or ‘bad’ and clear advice to follow(担心自己饮食的人想要简单地贴上“好”或“坏”的标签，并给出明确的建议)”可知，担心自己饮食的人希望给自己的饮食贴上一个简单的“好”或“坏”的标签，并给出明确的建议，结合划线单词前的but可知，此处表示的是营养学上的真相可不止简单的“好”或“坏”以及直截了当的建议这么简单，所以真相并不清楚可知，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“不清楚”意义相近。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Too much fat in the diet has long been known to be bad for your heart health. But, after decades of pointing fingers at all non-vegetable fats, science has now decisively changed its mind.(长期以来，人们一直认为饮食中过多的脂肪对心脏健康有害。但是，经过几十年对所有非植物脂肪的指责，科学现在已经果断地改变了主意。)”以及尾句“In 2014, a review of seventy - two different studies of heart disease and saturated fats, conducted by the British Heart Foundation, found that there wasn’t a connection between eating fat and heart problems.(2014年，英国心脏基金会对72项不同的心脏病和饱和脂肪研究进行了回顾，发现吃脂肪和心脏问题之间没有联系。)”可知，科学家们已经果断地改变了长期以来人们认为的过多的脂肪对心脏健康有害的观点，且2014年的研究也发现，吃脂肪和心脏问题之间没有联系，结合第三段中的介绍的20世纪50年代的研究证明饮食中脂肪的摄入导致心脏疾病的观点并不总是正确，综合以上研究结论可知，吃高脂肪的食物与心脏疾病之间的关系并不明确。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But even though the review showed no connection, government advice remains in place to limit the amount of fats eaten, especially saturated ones.(但是，即使报告显示没有联系，政府仍然建议限制脂肪的摄入量，特别是饱和脂肪。)”可知，政府建议限制脂肪的摄入。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The science about fats and cholesterol (胆固醇) is often counterintuitive (违反直觉的). Even qualified dietitians can be confused by it. Some diets that are supposed to be healthy can actually make your cholesterol go up.(关于脂肪和胆固醇的科学知识（醇）往往是违反直觉的。即使是合格的营养师也会对此感到困惑。一些被认为是健康的饮食实际上会使你的胆固醇升高。)”以及下文中介绍的关于过多的脂肪摄入与心脏健康之间的关系可知，文章介绍的是营养学和心脏疾病之间的相关性的科学研究，由此可知，本文应为科学报道。故选B项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江温州十校•期中) In the rushing modern society, it can be all too easy to skip(不吃) a meal or two.You might even do it on purpose. A new study suggests going without one of the standard three meals a day might have a serious downside. 24,000 people participated (参加) in the study. Around 30 percent of the participants often had fewer than three meals a day. According to the data (数据), those who were younger, male, with less of an education and a lower family income, were more likely to skip meals. Meal-skipping was also more common among those who smoked more, drank more, ate less healthy food, had more snacks, and took in less energy overall. Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death. The CVD death rate of the participants who skipped breakfast was40% higher compared with those who did not. The all-cause death risk was 12% higher for skipping lunch and 16% higher for skipping dinner compared with those who did not. Skipping breakfast was connected with a greater risk of dying from CVD, while skipping lunch or dinner was connected with a greater risk of all-cause death, including a rise in CVD risk. There was even a problem for those who ate all three meals but had them too close together. Eating two neighbouring meals within 4.5 hours of each other was also shown to be connected with increased all-cause death risk. While the study seems to make messages difficult that suggest intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) could be good for you, the data stresses the importance of regular refueling stops for the body. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Who would skip meals. B．How the research is done. C．Why people skip meals. D．What the course of the study is. 2．How is meal-skipping connected with diseases? A．Meal-skipping can reduce the risk of diseases. B．Meal-skipping makes no difference to diseases. C．The chances of diseases rise with more meal-skippings. D．It's hard to tell the influence of meal-skipping on diseases. 3．What do the underlined words “regular refueling stops” in the last paragraph mean? A．Skipping meals sometimes. B．Skipping a fixed meal. C．Having meals at your will. D．Having meals at the right time. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Fasting is a good way for health. B．Good eating habits can treat CVD． C．Eating meals on time is healthier. D．Meals should be taken close enough. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，一日三餐不吃一顿可能会有严重的负面影响。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的相关发现。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“24,000 people participated (参加) in the study. Around 30 percent of the participants often had fewer than three meals a day. According to the data (数据), those who were younger, male, with less of an education and a lower family income, were more likely to skip meals. Meal-skipping was also more common among those who smoked more, drank more, ate less healthy food, had more snacks, and took in less energy overall.(24000人参与了这项研究。大约30%的参与者每天经常少于三餐。数据显示，年轻男性、受教育程度较低、家庭收入较低的人更有可能不吃饭。不吃饭在那些吸烟多、喝酒多、吃不健康食物、吃零食多、总体能量摄入少的人身上也更常见)”可知，第二段的主要讲述什么样的人会不吃饭。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death.(与每天吃三顿饭的参与者相比，每天吃一顿饭的参与者全因死亡的风险高30%，心血管疾病（CVD）死亡的风险高83%。每天吃两餐的人全因死亡的风险增加了7%，心血管死亡的风险增加了10%)”可知，不吃饭越多，患病的几率就越高。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“While the study seems to make messages difficult that suggest intermittent fasting (间歇性禁食) could be good for you, the data stresses the importance of”可知，while表示转折，说明虽然这项研究似乎让间歇性禁食可能对你有益的说法难以站住脚，但数据强调了按时吃饭对身体的重要性。故划线词意思是“按时吃饭”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“Compared with participants eating three meals per day, the risk for participants eating one meal per day was 30% higher for all-cause death, and 83% higher for cardiovascular(心血管的) disease(CVD) death. Those who ate two meals a day had a 7% increased risk of all-cause death and a 10% increased risk of cardiovascular death.(与每天吃三顿饭的参与者相比，每天吃一顿饭的参与者全因死亡的风险高30%，心血管疾病（CVD）死亡的风险高83%。每天吃两餐的人全因死亡的风险增加了7%，心血管死亡的风险增加了10%)”可知，每天吃三顿饭，患病的几率更低，所以作者认为按时吃饭更健康。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上•浙江杭二•期中) If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning another language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (大脑灰质), which is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn another language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world.” explained the scientists. 1．Why does the writer mention “exercise” and “muscles” in paragraph 2? A．To prove that learning a language is beneficial to your brain. B．To suggest that language learning involves physical exercise. C．To explain that language learning is similar to muscle building. D．To show that language learning is a process of building grey matter. 2．What can be learnt from the scientific findings? A．The ability to learn a second language is changing all the time. B．The earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. C．The experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain. D．A later second language learner and one knowing no second language have no difference. 3．What does the author try to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language. B．Learning a second language is the same as studying maths. C．It’s better to learn a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. D．Early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How to learn a second language. B．How language learning helps brainpower. C．People’s ability to learn a second language. D．The relationship between language learning and math study. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言学习是如何帮助提高智力的。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter (大脑灰质), which is the area of the brain which deals with information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. (研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变大脑中处理信息的灰质。这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。)”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑中处理信息的灰质。作者把这种影响比作锻炼与肌肉的关系，是因为锻炼会增加肌肉，是肌肉增加的过程，也说明学习其他语言是大脑灰质增加的过程。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.(扫描显示，双语者大脑中的灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高。但是，一个人在掌握一门新语言之前等待的时间越长，差异就越小。)”可知，一个人越早开始学习第二语言，他的大脑灰质密度就越高。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段的句子“Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”(威尔士大学的迪伦·沃恩·琼斯教授研究了双语能力和数学技能之间的联系。他说：“掌握两种语言给了你观察世界的两扇窗户，让你的大脑更加灵活。你实际上超越了语言，对不同的想法有了更好的理解。”)”可知，双语能力和数学技能之间有联系。根据第七段的句子“The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better.(这一发现与一项针对以意大利语为母语、在2岁至34岁之间将英语作为第二语言学习的人的研究相吻合。阅读、写作和理解都接受了测试。结果显示，越早开始学习，效果越好。)”可知，第二语言的学习对阅读、写作和理解力都有影响。所以作者在最后两段想告诉我们早期学习第二语言有助于学习其他科目。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段的句子“According to a new study by a British university, learning another language can lead to an increase in your brain power.(根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习另一门语言可以提高你的智力。)”可知，作者提出了学习第二语言可以提高智力的观点，然后，下文详细介绍了语言学习是如何帮助提高脑力的。故选B项。 Passage 4 (23-24高一上•浙江杭州学军•期中) Cheese and red wine are basic diets over the festive period, and if you love red wine and cheese, a new study will come as music to your ears. Researchers from Iowa State University have found that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive (认知的) decline. In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption (摄取). The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline. Dr. Auriel Willette, who led the study, said: “I was pleasantly surprised that our results suggest that appropriately (合适地) eating cheese and drinking red wine daily are not just good for helping us cope with some diseases, but perhaps also dealing with an increasingly complex world. Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials (临床试验) at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in great ways.” While the reason for the link remains unclear, the researchers believe that cheese and red wine may protect some people from the effects of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症). Brandon Klinedinst, an author of the study, added: “Depending on the genetic factors you carry, some individuals seem to be more protected from the effects of Alzheimer’s, while others seem to beat greater risk. Perhaps the silver bullet we’re looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and putting this disease in an opposite path.” 1．Which of the following increases the risk of cognitive problems? A．Taking in too much salt. B．Eating cheese properly. C．Drinking red wine daily. D．Consuming lamb weekly. 2．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A．Changes in our diet help our brains in significant ways. B．The diets of wealthy people were not taken into account. C．The study results need to be proved by more clinical trials. D．Some diseases make our world increasingly complex. 3．What does the underlined phrase “silver bullet” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Genetic factor. B．Easy solution. C．Special metal. D．Certain food. 4．What is the study mainly about? A．Basic diets over the festive period. B．Possible reasons for cognitive decline. C．Feelings of pleasant music to people’s ears. D．Effects of certain diets on cognitive decline. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项最新研究表明，喝红酒和吃奶酪有助于减少认知能力下降。文章介绍了这项研究具体的展开过程以及发现，研究人员认为，奶酪和红酒可能会保护一些人免受阿尔茨海默氏症的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline.(然而，过量摄入盐会增加认知能力下降的风险。)”可知，摄入太多盐会增加患认知问题的风险。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Although we considered whether this was just due to what rich people eat and drink, clinical trials (临床试验) at random are needed to determine if making easy changes in our diet could help our brains in great ways.(尽管我们考虑过这是否仅仅是因为富人的饮食，但需要随机进行临床试验，以确定在饮食上做出简单的改变是否能以很大的方式帮助我们的大脑。)”可推知，研究结果需要更多的临床试验来证明。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线短语后文“we’re looking for is improving how we eat. Knowing what that involves contributes to a better understanding of Alzheimer’s and putting this disease in an opposite path.(我们正在寻找的是改善我们的饮食方式。知道这包括什么有助于更好地了解阿尔茨海默氏症，并将这种疾病置于相反的道路上。)”可知，Brandon Klinedinst认为我们正在寻找针对阿尔茨海默氏症的最简单的解决方案就是改善我们的饮食方式。了解其中的内容有助于更好地理解阿尔茨海默氏症，并阻止这种疾病的发生，因此画线短语silver bullet意思是“简单的解决方案”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Researchers from Iowa State University have found that drinking red wine and eating cheese can help to reduce cognitive (认知的) decline.(爱荷华州立大学的研究人员发现，喝红酒和吃奶酪有助于减少认知能力下降。)”以及第二段“In the study, the researchers analyzed data from 1,787 adults aged 46 to 77, and asked them to complete questionnaires about their food and alcohol consumption (摄取). The results showed that cheese was the most protective food against age-related cognitive problems, even into late life. Daily consumption of red wine was also shown to improve cognitive function, while weekly consumption of lamb was shown to improve long-term cognitive skills. However, over-consumption of salt was found to increase the risk of cognitive decline.(在这项研究中，研究人员分析了1787名年龄在46岁至77岁之间的成年人的数据，并要求他们完成有关饮食和酒精消费的调查问卷。结果表明，奶酪是预防与年龄有关的认知问题的最有效的食物，即使到了晚年也是如此。每天喝红酒也被证明可以改善认知功能，而每周吃羊肉被证明可以提高长期的认知能力。然而，过量食用盐会增加认知能力下降的风险。)”可推知，这项研究的主要内容是研究某些饮食对认知能力下降的影响。故选D。 主题02 人与社会——历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江强基联盟•期中) After the Second World War, Europe’s rapid economic growth led to a more open and fair society, with fewer class barriers (阶级壁垒) and less obvious class differences. Changes in the structure (结构) of the middle class were particularly influential. In the1800s and early 1900s, the middle class was made up of business owners or professionals like lawyers and doctors. Ownership of property (财产) and strong family ties had often been the keys to wealth and standing within the middle class. But after 1945, things changed in Western Europe. A new breed of managers and experts serving the needs of big organizations took the place of traditional property owners as the leaders of the middle class. At the same time, the middle class grew massively and became harder to define. There were several reasons for these developments. The growth of industry and technology required more managers and technologists. Moreover, the old middle class lost control of family businesses, and many small businesses closed as their former owners became salaried workers. Top managers and ranking civil servants, often trained in engineering or accounting, formed a new middle class of specialists from various social backgrounds. Thus the new middle class, which was based largely on specialized skills and high levels of education, was more open, democratic, and less secure than the old middle class. The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society, as the percent of income spent on food and drink declined substantially and people began to purchase a wider range of goods beyond just food and drinks. For example, the European car industry experienced significant growth after lagging far behind the United States since the 1920s. In 1948 there were only 5 million cars in Western Europe, but in 1965 there were 44 million. Like Americans, Europeans bought household goods like washing machines and TVs using credit, which was made easier by installment purchasing. This, along with better social security, made them more willing to take on debt. 1．What mainly decided middle-class membership in the 1800s and early 1900s? A．Strong family connections. B．Expertise in managing property. C．Working in a large organizations. D．Support from the medical community. 2．What do we know about the new middle-class members? A．They are more open-minded. B．They grow up in wealthy families. C．They work in family-owned businesses. D．They share the same social background. 3．Why does the author mention the rise in car numbers from 1948 to 1965? A．To express his preference for cars made in Europe. B．To state the economic and social changes after WWⅡ. C．To compare Europe’s progress in economy with the U. S. D．To show his pride in the rise of car sales in Western Europe. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Suggestions for buying goods on credit. B．The author’s views on European society. C．The rapid development of European society. D．Changes in European society after the war. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是欧洲社会在二战后的变化。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the1800s and early 1900s, the middle class was made up of business owners or professionals like lawyers and doctors. Ownership of property (财产) and strong family ties had often been the keys to wealth and standing within the middle class.(在19世纪和20世纪初，中产阶级由企业主或律师、医生等专业人士组成。拥有财产和牢固的家庭关系往往是财富和中产阶级地位的关键)”可知，在19世纪和20世纪初，牢固的家庭关系往往是财富和跻身中产阶级的关键。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thus the new middle class, which was based largely on specialized skills and high levels of education, was more open, democratic, and less secure than the old middle class.(因此，主要以专业技能和高水平教育为基础的新中产阶级比旧中产阶级更开放、更民主，也更不安全)”可知，新中产阶级比旧中产阶级更开放、更民主。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society, as the percent of income spent on food and drink declined substantially and people began to purchase a wider range of goods beyond just food and drinks. (生活水平的提高和标准化消费品的普及也使欧洲社会趋于平等，因为花在食品和饮料上的收入比例大幅下降，人们开始购买更广泛的商品，而不仅仅是食品和饮料)”可知，战后欧洲的生活水平的提高以及标准化消费品的普及使得社会趋于平等，人们开始购买更广泛的商品，进而在下文中的“For example, the European car industry experienced significant growth after lagging far behind the United States since the 1920s. In 1948 there were only 5 million cars in Western Europe, but in 1965 there were 44 million. (例如，自20世纪20年代以来，欧洲汽车工业在远远落后于美国之后，经历了显著的增长。1948年，西欧只有500万辆汽车，但1965年有4400万辆)”中的例子中提到汽车数量的增长。由此推知，此车数量的增长例子作为数据支撑，为了体现战后欧洲经济和社会的巨大变化。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据首段“After the Second World War, Europe’s rapid economic growth led to a more open and fair society, with fewer class barriers (阶级壁垒) and less obvious class differences.(第二次世界大战后，欧洲经济的快速增长导致了一个更加开放和公平的社会，阶级壁垒更少，阶级差异也不那么明显)”可知，二战后欧洲的经济快速增长，导致一个更开放和公平的社会，阶级差异也不明显，进而在第二段中的分析了欧洲社会中产阶级结构的转变，并在第三段中的介绍了这一转变的原因，结合尾段中的“The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society, as the percent of income spent on food and drink declined substantially and people began to purchase a wider range of goods beyond just food and drinks.(生活水平的提高和标准化消费品的普及也使欧洲社会趋于平等，因为花在食品和饮料上的收入比例大幅下降，人们开始购买更广泛的商品，而不仅仅是食品和饮料)”可知，此处提到的是战后消费观念的转变如何影响社会。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是战后欧洲社会的转变。故选D项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江9+1高中联盟•期中) Art can be found almost everywhere on Earth. There are statues on mountaintops, sculptures under the sea, and art shows held in the middle of deserts. A group of over 30,000 artists has recently come together to place their works in a completely new location — the Moon. The project, named the Lunar Codex (月球密典), is dividing pieces they have gathered into five collections. The first one, the Orion (猎户座) Collection, was already sent into space to move around the Moon in 2022 on NASA's Orion spacecraft. The other four will be flown to different destinations on the Moon in future landing tasks. The Lunar Codex was founded by Canadian physicist, artist, and big businessman Samuel Peralta. Growing up with a love for both writing poetry and learning about space, Peralta dreamed of sending his poems to the Moon one day. Upon discovering that some lunar landing tasks were selling spare goods space on the ships, he booked places on five tasks. While the primary goals of these tasks are to transport lunar landers for scientific experiments, private organizations have been given the opportunity to buy any spare goods space for various purposes. The artwork included in the Lunar Codex stands for different kinds of artists and artistic forms. The collections at present have works from over 162 different countries. These include works from painters, photographers, writers, filmmakers, and more. The size of each piece of artwork will be miniaturized onto special plates that can be read with a microscope, a tool used in scientific study for making things look larger. Content such as music and movies will be saved on digital cards instead. While the idea of humanity colonizing (殖民于) the Moon was long just thought of as science fiction, countries worldwide are now seriously considering this possibility. Samuel Peralta hopes that the Lunar Codex can be the start of art and culture and later even humanity colonization on the Moon. 1．How did Samuel Peralta realize his dream? A．By writing a book of poems about space. B．By founding a space transportation company. C．By travelling through NASA’s Orion spacecraft. D．By buying spare goods space on lunar landing tasks. 2．What does the underlined word “miniaturized” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Reduced. B．Simplified. C．Copied. D．Enlarged. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Colonizing the moon is just a human imagination at present. B．The idea of colonizing the moon has been a popular scientific theory. C．The Moon is always considered an ideal location for human colonization. D．The Lunar Codex may be the beginning of humanity colonizing the moon. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．The Task of NASA B．Art on the Moon C．An Art and Space Lover D．The Moon Colonization 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由加拿大物理学家、艺术家和大商人Samuel Peralta发起的一项叫月球密典的计划，将艺术作品送往月球存档。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Growing up with a love for both writing poetry and learning about space, Peralta dreamed of sending his poems to the Moon one day. Upon discovering that some lunar landing tasks were selling spare goods space on the ships, he booked places on five tasks.(Peralta从小就喜欢写诗，也喜欢学习太空知识，他梦想有一天能把自己的诗送上月球。在发现一些登月任务正在出售船上的备用货物空间后，他预订了五个任务的位置)”可知，Samuel Peralta通过购买登月任务的备用货物空间来把自己的诗送上月球，实现自己的梦想。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“onto special plates that can be read with a microscope, a tool used in scientific study for making things look larger(可以用显微镜阅读的特殊板上，显微镜是一种用于科学研究的工具，可以使物体看起来更大)”可知，此处指每件艺术品的大小将被缩小，可以用显微镜观察到。由此可知，划线词miniaturized“缩小”与reduced意思接近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Samuel Peralta hopes that the Lunar Codex can be the start of art and culture and later even humanity colonization on the Moon.(Samuel Peralta希望Lunar Codex可以成为艺术和文化的开端，甚至是人类在月球上殖民的开端)”可知，Lunar Codex可能是人类殖民月球的开端。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“A group of over 30,000 artists has recently come together to place their works in a completely new location — the Moon. The project, named the Lunar Codex (月球密典), is dividing pieces they have gathered into five collections. (最近，一个由3万多名艺术家组成的团体聚集在一起，将他们的作品放置在一个全新的地方——月球。这个名为“月球法典”的项目将他们收集到的作品分成五个部分)”可知，文章主要讲述了由加拿大物理学家、艺术家和大商人Samuel Peralta发起的一项叫月球密典的计划，将艺术作品送往月球存档。由此可知，B项“月球上的艺术”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 3 (23-24高一上•浙江台州十校•期中) When we’re trying to decide which cell phone case to buy or which hotel room to book, we often rely on the ratings (评价) and reviews of others to help us choose. But research suggests that we tend to use this information in ways that can actually work to our disadvantage. “It’s extremely common for websites and apps to display the average score of a product along with the number of reviews. Our research suggests that, in some cases, people might take this information and make bad decisions with it,” says researcher Derek Powell of Stanford University, the lead author on the study. “We found that people were biased (有偏见的) toward choosing to buy more popular products and that this sometimes led them to make very poor decisions,” he explains. As opportunities to buy products online increase, we can easily get first-hand information about users’ experiences. “We wanted to examine how people use this wealth of information when they make decisions, and specifically how they weigh information about other people’s decisions,” says Powell. Looking at actual products available on Amazon.com, Powell and his colleagues found no relationship between the number of reviews a product had and its average rating. In other words, real-world data show that a large number of reviews are not a reliable indicator of a product’s quality. In one online experiment,132 adult participants looked at a series of phone cases presented in pairs. The participants saw an average user rating and total number of reviews for each phone case and expressed which case in each pair they would buy. Across various combinations of average rating and the number of reviews, participants usually chose the option (选项) with more reviews. This bias was so strong that they often preferred the more-reviewed phone case even when both of the options had low ratings, effectively choosing the product that was, in statistical (统计学的) terms, more likely to be low quality. 1．What is the focus of the research by Powell and his colleagues? A．How wealth influences consumers’ choice of products. B．How past experiences influence consumers’ choice of products. C．How product quality influences consumers’ choice of products. D．How information online influences consumers’ choice of products. 2．What does Powell’s research show about people’s use of ratings and reviews while choosing products? A．It always lets people make poor decisions. B．It leads to the bias that can result in poor decision-making. C．It has little influence on people’s decision-making. D．It allows users to choose fine quality products out of poor ones. 3．What do the participants’ choices in the experiment show? A．They show a preference for higher-priced goods. B．They balance quality and quantity (数量) of reviews well. C．They prefer less-reviewed options to more-reviewed ones. D．They often choose more-reviewed products even with low ratings. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Using reviews and ratings in buying product may be misleading. B．Using first-hand information about users’ experiences is a reasonable method. C．Bias against quality products are common. D．Using reviews and ratings in buying product is a future mainstream trend. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍研究人员Derek Powell及其团队的研究成果，解释了人们在选择产品时如何依赖评分和评论，并探讨了这种依赖可能导致的不良决策。文章详细描述了研究背景、方法和结果，旨在向读者说明评分和评论在某些情况下可能带来的负面影响。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段“When we’re trying to decide which cell phone case to buy or which hotel room to book, we often rely on the ratings (评价) and reviews of others to help us choose. But research suggests that we tend to use this information in ways that can actually work to our disadvantage.(当我们试图决定买哪个手机壳或预订哪个酒店房间时，我们经常依靠别人的评分和评论来帮助我们选择。但研究表明，我们倾向于以对自己不利的方式使用这些信息)”和第五段““We wanted to examine how people use this wealth of information when they make decisions, and specifically how they weigh information about other people’s decisions,” says Powell. (Powell说：“我们想研究人们在做决定时是如何使用这些丰富的信息的，特别是他们是如何权衡他人决定的信息的。”)”可知，Powell和他的同事的研究重点是在线信息如何影响消费者的决策。故选D。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段““It’s extremely common for websites and apps to display the average score of a product along with the number of reviews. Our research suggests that, in some cases, people might take this information and make bad decisions with it,” says researcher Derek Powell of Stanford University, the lead author on the study.(“网站和应用程序显示产品的平均分数以及评论数量是非常常见的。我们的研究表明，在某些情况下，人们可能会根据这些信息做出错误的决定，”斯坦福大学的研究员德里克·鲍威尔说，他是这项研究的主要作者)”和第三段““We found that people were biased (有偏见的) toward choosing to buy more popular products and that this sometimes led them to make very poor decisions,” he explains. (“我们发现人们倾向于选择购买更受欢迎的产品，这有时会导致他们做出非常糟糕的决定，”他解释道)”可知，Powell的研究表明，人们在选择产品时依赖评分和评论会导致偏见，从而做出糟糕的决定。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“This bias was so strong that they often preferred the more-reviewed phone case even when both of the options had low ratings, effectively choosing the product that was, in statistical (统计学的) terms, more likely to be low quality. (这种偏见是如此强烈，以至于他们往往更喜欢评价更高的手机壳，即使这两种选择的评分都很低，实际上是选择了从统计学角度来看更有可能是低质量的产品)”可知，实验参与者经常选择评论数量更多的产品，即使这些产品的评分较低。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“When we’re trying to decide which cell phone case to buy or which hotel room to book, we often rely on the ratings (评价) and reviews of others to help us choose. But research suggests that we tend to use this information in ways that can actually work to our disadvantage.(当我们试图决定买哪个手机壳或预订哪个酒店房间时，我们经常依靠别人的评分和评论来帮助我们选择。但研究表明，我们倾向于以对自己不利的方式使用这些信息)”可知文章主要讨论了在购买产品时使用评论和评分可能会产生误导，所以适合的标题是：在购买产品时使用评论和评级可能会产生误导。故选A。 Passage 4 (23-24高一上•浙江杭州四中•期中) If you had boarded a passenger plane in 1950, you would have seen five people in the cockpit (驾驶舱): two pilots, a radio operator, a navigator and a flight engineer. Over the years, technical advances have gradually removed the need for the last three, leaving just two pilots. That has been the norm (标准) in commercial aviation for decades. However, things could be simplified further — one of the two remaining pilots could soon go. Many military aircraft are already manned by a single pilot, and for commercial aviation this would mean stepping into a brave new world. But how will airlines make this brave innovation come true? One way is to greatly increase automation in the cockpit, devoting more tasks to computers. Another is to shift the same tasks from the cockpit to the ground. “The latter approach seems to be more workable, at least in the short term, because much of what is required already exists,” says Patrick Smith, an airline pilot flying Boeing 767 aircraft. “A trained ground operator could observe a number of flights at once and even fully control the plane remotely if needed.” It’s true that single-pilot operations could help airlines save money, but there is another reason which makes them quicken their pace for this crucial breakthrough. Boeing predicts a need for 600,000 new pilots in the next two decades, but by some estimates, there will be a deficit (赤字) of at least 34,000 pilots globally by 2025. Reducing the number of pilots on some crews or aircraft could lessen the impact of this. Perhaps the biggest barrier to a single pilot will be selling the idea to passengers. In 2019, Don Harris, a professor at Coventry University, conducted a survey on the prospect of flying on an airliner with just one pilot. Just a minority of participants said they’d be willing to take that flight, and the general idea was that removing a pilot increased the possibility of accidents. In the study, Harris concluded that the single-crew airliner would be still probably 20 years away. 1．What is the potential trend in commercial aviation according to the text? A．It will make air travel eco-friendly. B．It will switch to single-pilot operations. C．It will tighten its flight control for safety concerns. D．It will bring in many military aircraft to the industry. 2．What does Patrick Smith think is a quick way to realize airlines’ brave innovation? A．Raising the standards in admitting new pilots. B．Making pilots adaptable to different situations. C．Using computers to automate the flight process. D．Gaining piloting support from ground operators. 3．What can be inferred from Don Harris’ study? A．The prospect of single-crew airliners is bright. B．It’s urgent that airlines reduce airplane accidents. C．Passengers are willing to try new types of airplanes. D．Airlines have a long way to go before the innovation occurs. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了商业航空的潜在趋势是将转为单人驾驶，但是想要实现单机组客机航空公司还有很长的路要走。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, things could be simplified further — one of the two remaining pilots could soon go. Many military aircraft are already manned by a single pilot, and for commercial aviation this would mean stepping into a brave new world.(然而，事情可以进一步简化——剩下的两名飞行员中的一名可能很快就会离开。许多军用飞机已经由一名飞行员驾驶，对于商业航空来说，这将意味着步入一个美丽的新世界。)”可知，根据文章，商业航空的潜在趋势是它将转为单人驾驶。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One way is to greatly increase automation in the cockpit, devoting more tasks to computers. Another is to shift the same tasks from the cockpit to the ground. “The latter approach seems to be more workable, at least in the short term, because much of what is required already exists,” says Patrick Smith, an airline pilot flying Boeing 767 aircraft. (一种方法是大大提高驾驶舱的自动化程度，将更多的任务交给计算机。另一种方法是将同样的任务从驾驶舱转移到地面。“后一种方法似乎更可行，至少在短期内是这样，因为所需的很多东西已经存在，”驾驶波音767飞机的飞行员Patrick Smith说。)”可知，Patrick Smith认为获得地面操作员的驾驶支持是实现航空公司大胆创新的快速方法。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the study, Harris concluded that the single-crew airliner would be still probably 20 years away. (在这项研究中，Harris得出结论，单机组客机可能还需要20年的时间。)”可知，从Don Harris的研究中可以推断出在创新发生之前，航空公司还有很长的路要走。故选D项。 Passage 5 (23-24高一上•浙江杭十四中•期中) Mandy and Joe have been married for five years and they both love travelling to new countries. But while this hobby brings them together, it is also a source of contention. “I do all the planning and book.” says Mandy. Don’t get me wrong. I enjoy it, but if Joe paid a bit more attention, he wouldn’t have turned up for a flight to Grenada packed for a winter city break. ‘Jumpers and boots?!’I cried.’ You’re supposed to have packed shorts and T-s—it’s 30℃ in the Caribbean!!Then I realized he thought we were going to Granada, in Spain.” How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way? On this issue, scientists are divided. The majority of scientists believed that patterns of behavior thought to be: male or female are learnt firstly from our parents, then from our peers(同伴)and, ultimately, from the societies in which we live. As Simone de Beauvoir famously said, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman.” On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired (与生俱来的) differently. In one study in which 34 monkeys were required to interact with different types of toys, the males showed s strong preference for toys with wheels rather than soft toys, whereas the females were noticeably drawn to soft toys. These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence. Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undoubted, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what degree biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us. 1．What does the underlined word “contention” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Satisfaction. B．Disagreement C．Influence. D．Information 2．What topic does the text focus on? A．Whether men and women are different B．Why minds and bodies are so different. C．How different males and females are. D．What causes the sex difference. 3．What does the study about monkeys prove? A．Monkeys have their own preferences. B．Parents indeed have strong impacts. C．Men and women are born different. D．Females and males behave differently. 4．Which statement about sex differences does the author probably agree with? A．Biology leads to the differences. B．Biology mostly affects our choices. C．Social influence can be ignored. D．Peers have more impact than parents. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以Mandy和Joe的故事为切入点，主要介绍男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“But while this hobby brings them together,(但是，虽然这个爱好让他们走到了一起，)”可知，虽然共同的爱好让他们走到一起，但这也是争论的来源，因此划线词contention的意思是“争论”，即Disagreement。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“How Joe and Mandy each approach their travel plans is just one example of the many ways in which men and women differ. Yet, is what goes on inside our minds and bodies really so different? Furthermore, are we born that way? (乔和曼迪如何处理他们的旅行计划只是男人和女人在许多方面不同的一个例子。然而，我们的大脑和身体内部发生的事情真的如此不同吗？此外，我们是天生如此吗？)”可知，本文主要论述的是男人和女人在行为模式上不同的原因，即“What causes the sex difference(性别差异的原因。)”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“On the other side of the fence sat those who believed that male and female brains are actually wired (与生俱来的) differently.(另一方面，那些反对此观点的人认为男性和女性的大脑实际上是不同的。)”和“These preferences were clearly not the result of parental influence. (这些偏好显然不是父母影响的结果。)”可知，关于猴子的研究证明了男人和女人是天生不同的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatever the truth behind the differences between men and women, we can safely conclude that although the social impact on how we think and behave is undoubted, there exists a biological contribution. The question that now needs answering is to what degree biology affects the choices we make and the way other people treat us. (无论男女差异背后的真相是什么，我们都可以有把握地得出这样的结论:尽管社会对我们的思维和行为方式的影响是毋庸置疑的，但也存在着生理上的影响。现在需要回答的问题是，生物学在多大程度上影响了我们做出的选择以及他人对待我们的方式。)”可知，作者可能同意的关于性别差异的观点是生物学造成了这种差异。故选A。 主题03 人与自然——自然生态 Passage 1 (24-25高一上•浙江杭二•期中) “A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations. Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study. Focusing particularly on tomatoes, wheat and corn, the plants were placed in a soundproof (隔音的) room and recorded by microphones. Some plants were starved of water, others cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20kHz, while the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80kHz region, far beyond our hearing. “The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice and insects,” Hadany tells us. Though this has yet to be proven, it’s possible that these creatures use this information to choose which plants to eat. A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them. 1．What can we know from the six-year experiment? A．Plants of different types make the sound of the same frequency. B．Plants produce more regular sound in certain stressful situations. C．Plants make sounds with a much lower frequency when stressed. D．Plants make the sound of the same frequency whatever the situation. 2．What is the algorithm used for in the research? A．To record the sounds. B．To control the sounds. C．To produce the sounds. D．To identify the sounds. 3．What has been proven by scientists according to the passage? A．Plants can hear each other’s cry for help. B．Animals can hear the sounds made by plants. C．Plants can make sounds and respond to sound waves. D．Animals decide what to eat based on the sounds plants make. 4．Which of the following is the best title of the text? A．Sounds That We Can’t Hear B．Beautiful Songs from Plants C．Plants React to Different Types of Stress D．Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(“一片美丽的花田可能是一个相当嘈杂的地方。只是我们听不到声音。”特拉维夫大学的科学家们进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。)”以及第二段“Plants produce a high frequency (频率) clicking sound, and when short of water, or damaged, the clicks become far more regular. They also made different sounds, depending on whether they were thirsty or injured. “Each plant and each type of stress is related to a specific sound,” said Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the research study.(植物会发出高频率的咔哒声，当缺水或受损时，咔哒声会变得更有规律。它们也会发出不同的声音，这取决于它们是口渴还是受伤。“每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的声音有关，”领导这项研究的利拉克·哈达尼教授说。)”可知，这项为期六年的实验表明植物在有压力的情况下会发出有规律的声音。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The researchers used an algorithm (算法) to separate the noises, successfully telling the difference between the sounds depending on whether they were dry or cut. The algorithm did this in a greenhouse setting which included far more surrounding sounds, but it was still able to recognize the particular cries for help of the plants.(研究人员使用了一种算法来分离噪音，成功地根据它们缺水还是受到切割来区分声音。该算法在温室环境中进行了这项工作，温室环境中有更多的周围声音，但它仍然能够识别出植物的特殊呼救声。)”可知，该算法用来分离噪音，辨别声音。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A study led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing years ago, also proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants greatly increasing their yield. While evidence shows that plants can react to sounds, there’s no evidence today that they can actually hear them.(几年前，中国农业大学的Reda Hassanien领导的一项研究也证明了植物对声波的反应，一些植物的产量大大提高。虽然有证据表明植物可以对声音做出反应，但现在还没有证据表明它们真的能听到声音。)”可知，植物可以发出声音并对声波做出反应。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段““A beautiful field of flowers can be a rather noisy place. It’s just that we can’t hear the sounds.” Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year experiment, proving that plants make noise in certain stressful situations.(“一片美丽的花田可能是一个相当嘈杂的地方。只是我们听不到声音。”特拉维夫大学的科学家们进行了一项为期六年的实验，证明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明植物在某些紧张的情况下会发出声音。所以“Plants Talk, Especially When Stressed(植物会说话，尤其是在有压力的时候)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上•浙江9+1高中联盟•期中) Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study. Michael Weiss has observed the mother-son bond (纽带) in killer whale groups off the Pacific coast of North America. These animals live for tens of years, yet even fully grown males “act like little kids around their mom, swimming right beside her like they’re still babies”. Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother’s fertility (生育能力) . He and his team studied 40 years’ worth of data on three Pacific pods (小群动物) . Sure enough, the team found a “huge effect”. In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Noticeably, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says. The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units. His kids are thus “someone else’s problem”, Weiss explains. So, it makes sense for mom to give more energy to him than to his sisters if she wants as many grandchildren as possible with the least competition. The team didn’t find out exactly how sons prevented their mothers from having more babies. Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. “In other animals,” he says, “at some point, you just stop depending on your mom as much.” 1．What's the main topic of the article? A．The social structure of killer whale pods. B．The difference in parental care across different whales. C．The behavior of male killer whales towards their mothers. D．The impact of mother-son bond on female killer whales’ fertility. 2．What can we learn about a mother killer whale’s chance of having more babies? A．A mother of a son won’t have another baby. B．It is obviously reduced when she has a son. C．A mother of daughters has the least chance. D．It changes with the social structure of the pod. 3．Why do mother killer whales favor their boys? A．To gain support from boys. B．To compete with other pods. C．To reduce competition for resources. D．To develop the pod’s population. 4．What does Weiss think of the mother-son bond in killer whale groups? A．It is not common in nature. B．It shows that killer whales have feelings. C．It doesn’t exist in other species of whales. D．It slows male killer whales’ development. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。 1．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Killer whales are mama’s boys. A son will follow his mother, taking bits of fish and other food, throughout his life, even as his sisters grow up and have babies of their own. This neediness comes at a significant cost to mom, who gives up having additional children to look after her boy, according to a new study.(虎鲸是妈妈的宝贝。一个儿子会跟随他的母亲，吃一些鱼和其他食物，在他的一生中，即使他的姐妹们长大了，有了自己的孩子。根据一项新的研究，这种需求给母亲带来了巨大的代价，她们放弃了额外的孩子来照顾她的儿子)”和第三段中“Weiss wanted to know whether these children came at a cost — particularly, whether they hurt a mother's fertility (生育能力).(Weiss想知道这些孩子是否有代价——特别是，他们是否会损害母亲的生育能力)”可知，文章主要介绍了虎鲸母子间的依赖关系及其对繁殖的影响。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“In a given year, mothers of sons were less than half as likely to have another baby as were childless females or mothers of daughters. Noticeably, both a 3-year-old son and an 18-year-old son lowered their mom’s chances of having more children, Weiss says.(在某一特定年份，生儿子的母亲比没有孩子的女性或生女儿的母亲生育第二个孩子的可能性少一半。Weiss说，值得注意的是，3岁的儿子和18岁的儿子都降低了母亲生育更多孩子的可能性)”可知，当母鲸鱼有儿子时，她生更多孩子的可能性明显会下降。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers suggest mom’s favoritism toward her boys developed because of the particular social structure of these pods. When a daughter gives birth, her babies stay in the same group and therefore compete with the rest for food and attention. By contrast, a son doesn’t bring more mouths into the group — he mates with females in passing pods who then go on to raise children in their own social units.(研究人员认为，母亲对男孩的偏爱是由于这些小群动物的特殊社会结构而形成的。当一个女儿分娩时，她的孩子留在同一个群体中，因此与其他孩子争夺食物和注意力。相比之下，儿子不会给群体带来更多的嘴巴——他会在路过的小群中与雌性交配，然后雌性会在自己的社会单位中抚养孩子)”可推知，母亲偏爱儿子的原因之一是为了节约食物，减少群体内的竞争。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Weiss says he hopes to do more research in different species of whales. But now, killer whales remain an extreme example of parental care across the animal kingdom. ‘In other animals,’ he says, ‘at some point, you just stop depending on your mom as much.’(Weiss说，他希望对不同种类的鲸鱼做更多的研究。但现在，虎鲸仍然是动物王国中父母照顾的一个极端例子。‘在其他动物身上，’他说，‘到了某个时候，你就不再那么依赖妈妈了。’)”可推知，Weiss认为虎鲸母子关系在自然中并不常见。故选A。 Passage 3 (23-24高一上•浙江A9联盟•期中) Sleeping in a noisy room isn’t only distracting (使人分心的), and it can also harm your health. Although researchers have known for decades that long­term loud noises can harm us, it’s only recently become recognized as a widespread problem. In a new review of previously published studies, researchers from Germany and Denmark took a look at the ways in which noises, such as an airplane passing by or jackhammer digging in the ground, can affect our hearts. Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up. But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize. “Noise is not just causing annoyance, but it actually makes us sick,” said Dr. Thomas Münzel, a professor at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. “Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝),it can increase the risk of heart disease.” When our body hears these noises, it reacts with a stress reaction. In this case, these sudden and unexpected noises cause hormones(荷尔蒙) to speed up and eventually damage the heart. Although the chance that a single noise will affect you is unlikely, it’s the continuous exposure (接触) to the sound that can finally affect you. “But our heart health isn’t the only cause for concern. Long-term noise may also raise the risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病), depression, and anxiety disorders,” he warns. In the future, Münzel plans to examine how noises from cars, planes, and other vehicles affect the brain. But despite the amount or the depth of research he conducts, it’ll take the help of politicians to improve the effect of noise on our health. “Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings,” Münzel said, “As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the airport instead of the owners of the airport.” 1．What do researchers from Germany and Denmark find? A．Noise does little harm to people who are asleep. B．Noise can cause people’s memory to get worse sharply. C．Noise has been a widespread concern for a long time. D．Noise louder than 60 decibels may cause heart disease. 2．Which word can replace the underlined word “disrupt” in Paragraph 2? A．Defeat. B．Harm. C．Attract. D．Discourage. 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．Politicians should take action to handle noise pollution. B．Münzel will continue other studies on brain diseases. C．Benefits of airport owners are more important than health. D．Attention should be paid to heart health and other diseases. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Who Is to Blame for Noise Pollution B．What Should Be Done to Stop Noise C．How Münzel Carried Out His Research D．How Noise Pollution Harms Our Body 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了德国和丹麦的研究人员研究噪声对人们健康产生的影响，呼吁政治家们关注噪声污染并采取措施解决噪声污染。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Regardless of where the sound is coming from, if it gets louder than 60 decibels (分贝), it can increase the risk of heart disease. (不管声音来自哪里，如果声音超过60分贝，就会增加患心脏病的风险)”可知，超过60分贝的噪音可能导致心脏病。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据前一句“Perhaps the most obvious impact of a loud sound while you are sleeping is that it can wake you up.(也许在你睡觉时，噪音最明显的影响是它能把你吵醒)”和划线单词所在句“But, even if you don't remember hearing the noise or you don’t physically get out of bed, it can disrupt you in ways you may not realize.(但是，即使你不记得听到了噪音，或者你没有从床上起来，它也会以你没有意识到的方式disrupt你)”可知，划线单词“disrupt”的意思是伤害，此处指以你觉察不到的方式伤害到你。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Politicians have to take into account, in particular, the new findings (政治家们必须特别考虑新发现)”和“As for aircraft noise and airports, it is important to make new laws and set new lower noise limits that protect people living close by the$