Unit 2 Getting along语法精讲精练 -2025-2026学年外研版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 2 Getting along 语法精讲精练(含解析) 现在完成时 (一)要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，我们也可以借助现在完成时。例如： I have had the dog for three months now. 这条狗我现在已经养了三个月了。 We have played football for a year now. 我们现在已经踢了一年的足球了。 I have been like this since Friday. 从周五开始我就一直这样。 I have not done much exercise since I got my computer last year. 自从去年有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼了。 从以上例句可以看出，在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。需要注意的是，for后接一段时间，如for a long time, for five years等；而since后多接时间点，如since August 2023, since yesterday, since two o'clock等。 （1）since的用法 since+一个时间点/一段时间+ago/从句 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 I have known Daniel since 7 years ago. 自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。 He's learned about 5000 words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。 （2）for的用法 for后面跟一段时间，如two weeks/six months/five days。 for短语表示动作延续多长时间。 例：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 (二)在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long。例如： How long have you played football? 你踢足球踢了多长时间了？ How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了？ How long have you had the dog? 这条狗你养了多久了？ (三)注意，在表示某一行为或状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，需要使用不同的时态。例如： I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer. 去年夏天我在这家酒店住了一周。 I have stayed in the hotel for a week now. 迄今我已在这家酒店住了一周了。 I will stay in the hotel for a week next month. 下个月我要在这家酒店住一周时间。 同样表示“在某一酒店住一周”的概念，第一句讲述的是去年夏天的事情，故用一般过去时；第二句表示到现在为止已经住了一周，故用现在完成时；第三句讲述的是下个月的事情，故用一般将来时。 (四)注意，在现在完成时的句子中，表示持续的动作或状态时，动词通常与表示时间段的时间状语连用；而表示动作已经完成时，动词不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用。试比较： Tom has been here for two hours. Tom已经来了两小时了。 Tom has just come. Tom刚到。 除表示经历、持续至今的行为或状态外，现在完成时还表示到目前为止量的累积。例如： I have learnt 20 English songs. 我已经学会了20首英文歌曲。 I have collected 300 stamps. 我已经收集了300枚邮票。 (五)延续性动词 & 非延续性动词 延续性动词：动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用。 非延续性动词：不可和一段时间连用。不过，在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。 I've been away from this school for eight years. 我离开这所学校已八年了。 He has kept my dictionary for two days. 他借用我的词典已两天了。 I haven't gone to see him for several months. 我已经好几个月没去看他了。 语法精练 一、单项选择题 1.—______ you ever ______ to Beijing? —Yes, I ______ there last year. A. Have; been; have gone B. Have; gone; went C. Have; been; went D. Did; go; have been 2.She ______ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 3.—Where is Mr. Wang? —He ______ the library. He wants to borrow some books. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has lived in 4.My father ______ in the factory since he ______ here 20 years ago. A. worked; came B. has worked; has come C. worked; has come D. has worked; came 5.—______ you ______ your homework yet? —Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished C. Have; done; finished D. Will; do; finish 6.I ______ the film before, but I want to see it a second time. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. will see 7.His grandfather ______ for ten years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 8.—How long ______ you ______ here? —For about two years so far. A. have; studied B. did; study C. do; study D. will; study 9.I ______ my keys. I can't find them anywhere. A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. am losing 10.—______ you ______ the text yet? —Yes, we ______ it two hours ago. A. Did; copy; did B. Have; copied; have C. Have; copied; did D. Did; copy; had 11.She has ______ the League for three years. A. joined B. joined in C. taken part in D. been in 12.—How many times ______ you ______ to Beijing this year? —Three times. A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone 13.The students ______ trees if it ______ raining tomorrow. A. will plant; will stop B. will plant; stops C. plant; will stop D. plant; stops 14.I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 15.—______ you ______ lunch yet? —Yes, I ______ it half an hour ago. A. Did; have; had B. Have; had; had C. Have; had; have had D. Will; have; have had 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. I ______ (not see) him for a long time. 2. She ______ (be) ill since last week. 3. They ______ (live) in Beijing since 2010. 4. My brother ______ (join) the army two years ago and he ______ (be) a soldier for two years. 5. —______ you ______ (read) this book yet? —Yes, I ______ (read) it last month. 6. Tom ______ (not finish) his homework yet. He ______ (do) it now. 7. The old man ______ (die) for ten years. 8. We ______ (know) each other since we were children. 9. She ______ (learn) English for about five years. 10. I ______ (see) the film twice. 三、句型转换 1. I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句) I ______ finished my homework ______. 2. He has been to Shanghai twice. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ times ______ he been to Shanghai? 3. They have lived in this city since 2008. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ have they lived in this city? 4. The meeting has been on for half an hour. (改为同义句) The meeting ______ half an hour ago. 5. He has gone to the library. (改为一般疑问句) ______ he ______ to the library? 6. I have already seen the film. (改为一般疑问句) Have you _____ the film _____? 7. I bought the book two days ago. (改为同义句) I ______ ______ the book for two days. 8. They have visited the Great Wall. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ they ______? 9. The volunteers helped repair over ten bicycles last week. (用现在完成时改写) The volunteers _________ helped repair over ten bicycles _________ last week. 10. He has already had breakfast. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) —______ he ______ breakfast ______? —No, he ______. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 语法精讲精练 答案解析 一、单项选择题 1. C "Have...been"表示曾经去过（已回来） "went"表示过去具体时间的动作 2. D "for nearly three weeks"表示持续时间 需用延续性动词"keep"，borrow/lend/buy都是非延续性动词 3. B "has gone to"表示去了某地还没回来 "has been to"表示曾经去过（已回来） 4. D since引导的从句用一般过去时"came" 主句用现在完成时"has worked"表示持续到现在 5. C yet提示用现在完成时"Have...done" "ten minutes ago"提示用一般过去时"finished" 6. B "before"表示到现在为止的经历，用现在完成时 7. C "for ten years"表示持续时间 die是非延续性动词，需用"has been dead" 8. A "so far"提示用现在完成时"have studied" 9. B 强调过去动作对现在的影响（钥匙不见了），用现在完成时 10. C yet提示用现在完成时"Have...copied" "two hours ago"提示用一般过去时"did" 11. D "for three years"表示持续时间 join是非延续性动词，需用"been in" 12. A "this year"表示到现在为止的时间段 用现在完成时"have been"表示去过几次（已回来） 13. B 条件状语从句用一般现在时"stops" 主句用一般将来时"will plant" 14. D "for two weeks"表示持续时间 需用延续性动词"have kept" 15. B yet提示用现在完成时"Have...had" "half an hour ago"提示用一般过去时"had" 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. haven't seen (for a long time提示用现在完成时) 2. has been (since last week提示用现在完成时) 3. have lived (since 2010提示用现在完成时) 4. joined; has been (two years ago用一般过去时；for two years用现在完成时) 5. Have; read; read (yet提示用现在完成时；last month用一般过去时) 6. hasn't finished; is doing (yet提示用现在完成时；now提示用现在进行时) 7. has been dead (for ten years需用延续性表达) 8. have known (since提示用现在完成时) 9. has learned (for about five years提示用现在完成时) 10. have seen (twice表示到现在为止的经历) 三、句型转换 1. haven't; yet (现在完成时否定句，already改为yet) 2. How many; has (对次数提问用how many times) 3. How long (对时间段提问用how long) 4. began (has been on for half an hour=began half an hour ago) 5. Has; gone (现在完成时一般疑问句) 6. seen; yet (现在完成时一般疑问句，already改为yet) 7. have had (for two days需用延续性动词have) 8. What have; visited (对宾语提问用what) 9. have; since (现在完成时结构：have+过去分词，时间状语用since) 10. Has; had; yet; hasn't (现在完成时一般疑问句及否定回答) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $