Unit 2 Lessons in life.派生法背记单词 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语单元知识清单聚焦“派生法背记单词”，系统梳理了22个核心词汇及短语，涵盖动词、名词、形容词等词性转换范畴，搭建了“原词解析—派生词拓展—语境应用”的递进式学习支架。 清单以“原词—派生词—双例句”联动形式呈现知识体系，每个词条均标注词性与释义，如“weaken”派生出形容词“weak”和名词“weakness”，并配生活场景例句强化记忆，有效培养学生的语言能力与学习能力。特色设计“语境化例句”和“词性转换对比”，如“pessimistic”对应名词“pessimism”和“pessimist”，帮助学生构建词汇网络，既便于学生自主梳理单词，也为教师精准设计词汇教学提供清晰框架。

UNIT 2 Lessons in life.派生法背记单词 序号 原词 例句 派生词 例句 1 be reunited with（短语，（使）重聚） After 10 years of separation, the family was reunited with each other at the airport.（分离10年后，一家人在机场重聚。） 1. reunite /ˌriːjuˈnaɪt/ v. 重聚，使团聚2. reunion /ˌriːˈjuːniən/ n. 重聚，团聚 1. They promised to reunite at their old school on graduation day.（他们约定毕业那天在母校重聚。）2. Our family has a big reunion every Spring Festival.（我们家每年春节都会举办大型团聚。） 2 weaken /ˈwiːkən/ v.（使）虚弱；（使）减弱 The long illness weakened his body a lot.（长期的病痛让他的身体虚弱了很多。） 1. weak /wiːk/ adj. 虚弱的；薄弱的2. weakness /ˈwiːknəs/ n. 虚弱；弱点 1. She felt weak after not eating for a whole day.（一整天没吃东西，她感觉很虚弱。）2. Carelessness is his biggest weakness in study.（粗心是他学习中最大的弱点。） 3 pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的 He is pessimistic about passing the math exam because he didn’t study hard.（他对通过数学考试很悲观，因为他没认真学。） 1. pessimism /ˈpesɪmɪzəm/ n. 悲观，悲观主义2. pessimist /ˈpesɪmɪst/ n. 悲观主义者 1. Her pessimism makes it hard for her to see the good side of things.（她的悲观让她很难看到事情好的一面。）2. My uncle is a pessimist—he always expects the worst to happen.（我叔叔是个悲观主义者，他总觉得会发生最坏的事。） 4 anticipate /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ v. 预期，预料；预见 We didn’t anticipate that the project would take so much time.（我们没预料到这个项目会花这么多时间。） 1. anticipation /ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/ n. 预期，预料2. anticipated /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd/ adj. 预期的，预料中的 1. Everyone waited in anticipation for the concert to start.（所有人都期待着音乐会开始。）2. The anticipated rain didn’t come, so we went hiking as planned.（预期的雨没下，我们按计划去徒步了。） 5 possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 财产，财物；拥有 He lost all his possessions in the big fire last night.（昨晚的大火让他失去了所有财产。） 1. possess /pəˈzes/ v. 拥有；具有（某种品质/能力）2. possessive /pəˈzesɪv/ adj. 占有欲强的 1. She possesses a great talent for playing the piano.（她有弹钢琴的天赋。）2. Some parents are too possessive of their children, which is not good.（有些父母对孩子占有欲太强，这并不好。） 6 abnormal /æbˈnɔːməl/ adj. 不正常的，反常的 His abnormal sleep pattern worried his parents a lot.（他反常的睡眠模式让父母很担心。） 1. normal /ˈnɔːməl/ adj. 正常的，常规的2. abnormality /ˌæbnɔːˈmæləti/ n. 反常，异常 1. The temperature today is normal for this season.（今天的气温在这个季节很正常。）2. The doctor found an abnormality in his blood test.（医生在他的血液检查中发现了异常。） 7 widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 广泛流传的；普遍的 There is widespread support for the new environmental policy.（新的环保政策得到了广泛支持。） 1. wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的；广泛的；adv. widely 广泛地2. spread /spred/ v. 传播；扩散；n. 传播 1. English is widely used in international business.（英语在国际商务中被广泛使用。）2. The news of their victory spread quickly across the town.（他们获胜的消息在镇上迅速传开。） 8 recognition /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 承认，认可；认出 Her hard work finally got the recognition from her boss.（她的努力终于得到了老板的认可。） 1. recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认出；承认2. recognized /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/ adj. 公认的，得到认可的 1. I didn’t recognize her with short hair—she looked so different.（她剪了短发我没认出来，变化太大了。）2. This method is recognized as the most effective one to solve the problem.（这种方法被公认为解决该问题最有效的方法。） 9 phrase /freɪz/ n. 成语，习语；短语；警句 Can you tell me the meaning of this English phrase “break a leg”?（你能告诉我“break a leg”这个英语习语的意思吗？） 1. phrase /freɪz/ v. 措辞，表达（想法/观点）2. phrasing /ˈfreɪzɪŋ/ n. 措辞，表达（方式） 1. She phrased her question carefully to avoid misunderstanding.（她谨慎地组织语言提问，以免产生误解。）2. The phrasing of this sentence is too complicated—can you simplify it?（这个句子的措辞太复杂了，能简化一下吗？） 10 cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ v. 合作，协作 We need to cooperate with each other to finish the group project on time.（我们需要互相合作，才能按时完成小组项目。） 1. cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 合作，协作2. cooperative /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/ adj. 合作的；愿意合作的 1. International cooperation is very important to fight climate change.（国际合作对应对气候变化至关重要。）2. The team has a good cooperative spirit—everyone helps each other.（这个团队有很好的合作精神，大家互相帮助。） 11 university fees（短语，大学学费） His parents work hard to pay his university fees.（他的父母努力工作来支付他的大学学费。） 1. university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 大学；adj. universal 普遍的2. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 1. There is no universal answer to this difficult question.（这个难题没有普遍适用的答案。）2. We live in a huge universe with billions of stars.（我们生活在一个拥有数十亿颗恒星的浩瀚宇宙中。） 12 outstretched /ˌaʊtˈstretʃt/ adj. 张开的，伸开的 The little girl ran to her mother with outstretched arms.（小女孩伸开双臂跑向妈妈。） 1. stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸展；拉长；n. 伸展（动作）2. outstretch /ˌaʊtˈstretʃ/ v. 伸展（身体部位）出去 1. He stretched his legs after sitting at the desk for two hours.（在书桌前坐了两小时后，他伸了伸腿。）2. She outstretched her hand to reach the book on the high shelf.（她伸手去够高书架上的书。） 13 cram /kræm/ v. 挤满；（为考试）临时死记硬背 Many students cram for exams the night before.（很多学生在考试前一晚临时抱佛脚。） 1. cramming /ˈkræmɪŋ/ n.（考试前的）临时死记硬背2. crammed /kræmd/ adj. 挤满的，塞满的 1. Cramming won’t help you remember knowledge for a long time.（临时抱佛脚无法让你长期记住知识。）2. The bus was crammed with passengers during the morning rush hour.（早高峰时，公交车里挤满了乘客。） 14 pure /pjʊə/ adj. 纯净的，洁净的；纯粹的 The water in this mountain lake is so pure that you can see the fish clearly.（这座高山湖泊的水很纯净，能清楚看到里面的鱼。） 1. purely /ˈpjʊəli/ adv. 纯粹地；仅仅2. purity /ˈpjʊərəti/ n. 纯净，洁净；纯度 1. It was purely an accident—I didn’t mean to break the cup.（这纯粹是个意外，我不是故意打碎杯子的。）2. The lab needs to test the purity of the new chemical.（实验室需要检测这种新化学品的纯度。） 15 transparent /trænsˈpærənt/ adj. 透明的；易懂的；坦诚的 The glass is so transparent that you can hardly notice it.（这块玻璃很透明，几乎看不见。） 1. transparency /trænsˈpærənsi/ n. 透明度；透明物2. transparently /trænsˈpærəntli/ adv. 透明地；坦诚地 1. The company should improve the transparency of its financial reports.（公司应该提高财务报告的透明度。）2. He spoke transparently about his mistakes, which won everyone’s trust.（他坦诚地谈起自己的错误，赢得了所有人的信任。） 16 vexed /vekst/ adj. 恼火的；棘手的，难解决的 He was vexed by his son’s constant lying.（儿子总说谎，让他很恼火。） 1. vex /veks/ v. 使恼火；使困惑2. vexation /vekˈseɪʃn/ n. 恼火；烦恼 1. Her endless questions vexed the teacher a lot.（她没完没了的问题让老师很恼火。）2. He slammed the door in vexation when he heard the bad news.（听到坏消息，他恼火地摔上了门。） 17 absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. 荒唐的，愚蠢的；不合理的 It’s absurd to believe that you can learn English well in one week.（相信一周能学好英语是荒唐的。） 1. absurdly /əbˈsɜːdli/ adv. 荒唐地；不合理地2. absurdity /əbˈsɜːdəti/ n. 荒唐事；荒谬 1. The price of this ordinary T-shirt is absurdly high.（这件普通T恤的价格高得离谱。）2. No one could accept the absurdity of his excuse for being late.（没人能接受他迟到的荒唐借口。） 18 lean /liːn/ v. 倚，靠；倾斜；adj. 瘦的；贫瘠的 She leaned against the wall to rest after running.（跑完步后，她靠在墙上休息。） 1. lean /liːn/ adj. 瘦的（指肉少）；贫瘠的2. leanness /ˈliːnnəs/ n. 瘦削；贫瘠 1. He likes to eat lean meat because it’s healthier.（他喜欢吃瘦肉，因为更健康。）2. The leanness of the soil makes it hard to grow crops here.（这里的土壤贫瘠，很难种庄稼。） 19 stroke /strəʊk/ v. 轻抚，抚摸；n. 中风；笔画 She gently stroked the cat’s soft fur, and it purred happily.（她轻轻抚摸猫柔软的毛，猫开心地发出呼噜声。） 1. stroked /strəʊkt/ adj. 被轻抚的；受宠的2. stroke /strəʊk/ n. 中风；（幸运的）一次机会 1. The stroked dog followed its owner everywhere.（这只被宠爱的狗走到哪儿都跟着主人。）2. He suffered a stroke last year and has been in recovery since then.（他去年中风了，之后一直在康复中。） 20 instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ adv. 本能地，下意识地 He instinctively jumped back to avoid being hit by the ball.（他本能地往后一跳，避免被球砸到。） 1. instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv/ adj. 本能的，下意识的2. instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ n. 本能；天性 1. It’s an instinctive reaction for a mother to protect her child.（保护孩子是母亲的本能反应。）2. Birds have the instinct to fly south in winter to find food.（鸟类有冬天南飞觅食的本能。） 21 despair /dɪˈspeə/ n. 绝望；v. 绝望，丧失信心 He fell into despair after failing the exam three times.（三次考试失败后，他陷入了绝望。） 1. desperate /ˈdespərət/ adj. 绝望的；拼命的2. desperately /ˈdespərətli/ adv. 绝望地；极度地 1. She made a desperate attempt to save her dying business.（她拼命尝试挽救濒临倒闭的生意。）2. He desperately needed help but didn’t know who to ask.（他极度需要帮助，却不知道该找谁。） 22 luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. 奢华，奢侈；奢侈品 For most people, traveling abroad every year is a luxury.（对大多数人来说，每年出国旅行是种奢侈。） 1. luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/ adj. 奢华的，豪华的2. luxuriously /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəsli/ adv. 奢华地，豪华地 1. They stayed in a luxurious hotel with a beautiful sea view.（他们住在一家能看到绝美海景的豪华酒店里。）2. The rich family lives luxuriously in a big villa with a swimming pool.（这个富裕的家庭在带游泳池的大别墅里过着奢华的生活。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $