专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义）高一英语上学期人教版

专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 定语从句 【考向透视】 1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词（如that、which、who、whom、whose、as ）和关系副词（where、when、why）的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断 。 2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构、非限制性定语从句是常考点，关注as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。 3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、非限制性定语从句的特殊规则，理清as、which引导非限制性定语从句的差异。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空、短文改错的答题正确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 新高考I卷 定语从句 新高考II卷 定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 2024 新高考II卷 非限制性定语从句 北京卷 非限制性定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 全国甲卷 限制性定语从句 2023 全国甲卷 定语从句 北京卷 定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 全国乙卷 限制性定语从句 定语从句概述 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 关系副词：when, where, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。 This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句） He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句） 作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 关系代词用法 知识点01关系代词用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样； as is well known＝as is known to all 众所周知； as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样； as is often the case正如经常发生的那样； as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 知识点02只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。 2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。 She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。 3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。 This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。 4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。 5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。 Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的人是谁？ Which is the book that you want? 哪本是你想要的书？ 7.当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。 The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 6.【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。 7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。 知识点03只用which的情况 1.引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。 She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。 3.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 4.【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。 Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, is a well - known entrepreneur. 埃隆・马斯克创立了太空探索技术公司，他是一位著名的企业家。 This café, where we often have meetings, offers free Wi - Fi. 这家咖啡馆，我们经常在那里开会，提供免费的无线网络。 【即时检测】 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空) 3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空) 5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空) 6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空) 9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空) 12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空) 13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 关系副词的用法 知识点01 关系副词的用法 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 知识点03 关系代词和关系副词的区别 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 【即时检测】 1．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 3．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 4．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. 5．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. 6．It’s helpful to put ourselves in a situation we can see ourselves more clearly. (用适当的词填空) 7．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 8．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 9．It was 10o’clock__________ / ________ they went out of the cinema.(用适当的词填空) 10．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot. 11．They consider summer vacations as a time__________ / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. 12．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. 13．The reason___________ / he gave up his well-paid job isn't known to us. 14．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 15．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. （用适当的词填空） 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3.定语从句中的主谓一致用法 (1)定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。 (2)定语从句先行词是one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。 He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。 She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 1. Do you remember the day __________ __________ we first met? 2. Do you remember the month __________ __________ we first met? 3. This is the skirt __________ __________ she paid $100. 4. This is the skirt __________ __________ she spent $100. 5. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ I’ve learned a lot. 6. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress. 7．Peter with __________ sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. 8．The girl from__________ I borrowed this dictionary is my classmate. 9．Scientists are still trying to determine the extent __________ which climate change will impact coastal communities in the next decade. 10．Air, __________ which we couldn’t live, is very important. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项语法填空 1．He often recalls his childhood, ___________he lived with his grandparents in the countryside. 2．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere___________ can make the audience fully immersed in the music. 3．CISAR brings help and hope to those___________ lives are changed by natural disasters. 4．The author ___________ whom all of us are familiar will visit our company. 5．In a word, we reached a point___________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 6．Asians ___________ diets are like Westerners’ experience more disease and weight problems. 7．The reason ___________ we should reduce plastic use is that it significantly reduces pollution and protects marine life. 8．She often reminds herself of the good days ___________they spent together working out the problem in the distant rural area. 9．It’s the only Thai restaurant ___________ ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. 10．The app uses AR to transform the way ___________ visitors interact with the park’s wildlife. 11．The students benefiting most from college are those ___________ are totally engaged in academic life. 12．I don’t think the number of the people to ___________ this happens is very large. 13．It is a comment on society and on the nature of people through the tale of a man ___________ life is changed by an act of forgiveness. 14．From his travelling diary, we all know that there is such a beautiful place ___________ he has described to us.） 15．Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem___________ none of us worked out. 16．Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with ___________ you have the deepest relationships. 17．Written Chinese has also become an important means ___________China’s present is connected with its past. 18．The scientist, with ___________ I worked on the project, will attend the international conference next month. 19．The novel, ___________ main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award. 20．The cafeteria, ___________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends, often becomes the heart of the school community. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 2．The ravages of war and neglect have left behind nothing but hollow remnants (残迹) in places _____ would have once been busy centers of culture and commerce. A．in which B．what C．where D．which 3．The young scientist has made such great achievements in his chosen field ________ nobody else can make. A．that B．as C．which D．where 4．She liked Gaithersburg, the very town ________ long ago got rid of its Confederate past and is now home to a diverse population. A．as B．which C．where D．that 5．The way ______ Mexicans tell time actually has actually allowed me to live far more in the right now than I ever did before. Which one of the following choices is wrong! A．that B．in which C．which D．/ 6．A cultural object usually refers to an item ______ is loosely related to a particular culture. A．which B．/ C．one D．whose 7．The last thing I wanted to do was sitting down for an hour with people I barely knew. A．which B．that C．as D．whom 8．Maradona, Argentina’s favorite son ________ life was spoiled by struggles with addiction, died at the age of 60, following a heart attack at home. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 9．Always go with the choice that scares you the most, because that's ____________ that is going to require the most from you. A．why B．such C．the one D．all 10．The highest education is that ____________ does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. A．one B．\ C．who D．which 二、完成句子 1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 7．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 8．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 9．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 10．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、关系代词和关系副词混淆（核心：判断先行词在从句中作 “成分” 还是 “状语”） 1.We will never forget the moment ________ we won the school sports meeting. 2.We will never forget the moment ________ we spent with our teammates after the match. 3.This is the library ________ my mother often reads books on weekends. 4.This is the library ________ my mother borrowed the novel last month. 5.I can’t find the house ________ I lived with my grandparents when I was a child. 6.I can’t find the house ________ my father bought for my grandparents in 2010. 7.She always talks about the year ________ she studied abroad in the UK. 8.She always talks about the year ________ she spent traveling around Europe with her friends. 二、关系代词 that 和 which 混淆（核心：记清 which 不能用的特殊情况） 2.The first English song ________ I learned at school was "Yesterday Once More". 3.This is the only book ________ can help you with your grammar problem. 4.The movie ________ we watched last night is based on a true story. 5.Nothing ________ he said at the meeting surprised his classmates. 6.The most interesting story ________ I have ever read is from this magazine. 7.This is the last lesson ________ we will have before the winter holiday. 8.The new mobile phone ________ my father bought last week works very well. 三、“介词 + 关系代词” 误用（核心：确定介词的 3 个依据 —— 搭配、先行词、句意） 1.The teacher ________ whom we discussed our study problems is very patient. 2.This is the city ________ which I was born 15 years ago. 3.I still remember the day ________ which my father sent me to high school. 4.The dictionary ________ which my classmate lent me is very useful. 5.The doctor ________ whom my mother asked for advice is very experienced. 6.This is the hotel ________ which we stayed during our trip to Beijing. 7.I will never forget the month ________ which I prepared for the final exam. 8.The girl ________ whom you talked just now is my deskmate. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 6.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 7.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 8.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 9.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 10.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 11.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 12.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.13.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 14.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 15.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 定语从句（期中复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 北京卷 定语从句 【考向透视】 1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词（如that、which、who、whom、whose、as ）和关系副词（where、when、why）的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断 。 2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构、非限制性定语从句是常考点，关注as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。 3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、非限制性定语从句的特殊规则，理清as、which引导非限制性定语从句的差异。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空、短文改错的答题正确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 新高考I卷 定语从句 新高考II卷 定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 2024 新高考II卷 非限制性定语从句 北京卷 非限制性定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 全国甲卷 限制性定语从句 2023 全国甲卷 定语从句 北京卷 定语从句 浙江卷 定语从句 全国乙卷 限制性定语从句 定语从句概述 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 关系副词：when, where, why 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。 This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句） He bought a house, whose roof was painted red.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句） 作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 关系代词用法 知识点01关系代词用法 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样； as is well known＝as is known to all 众所周知； as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样； as is often the case正如经常发生的那样； as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 知识点02只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。 2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。 She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。 3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。 This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。 4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。 5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。 Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的人是谁？ Which is the book that you want? 哪本是你想要的书？ 7.当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。 The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 6.【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。 7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。 知识点03只用which的情况 1.引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。 She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。 3.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 4.【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。 Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, is a well - known entrepreneur. 埃隆・马斯克创立了太空探索技术公司，他是一位著名的企业家。 This café, where we often have meetings, offers free Wi - Fi. 这家咖啡馆，我们经常在那里开会，提供免费的无线网络。 【即时检测】 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。 2．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。 3．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 4．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。 5．Lily told me everything she knew. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：莉莉把她知道的一些都告诉我了。限制性定语从句修饰先行词everything，先行词在从句作宾语，指物，且为不定代词，只能用that作引导词。故填that。 6．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。 7．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 8．This is the reason he gave me for his being late. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他给我的他迟到的理由。空处引导定语从句，先行词the reason，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 9．I will never forget the days I spent travelling with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记我和祖父母一起旅行的日子。此处限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the days，定语从句缺少宾语，应使用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。 10．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论的那个护士英语说得很流利。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，所以可以用that，who或者whom。故答案为that或者who或者whom。 11．Someone is capable has the skill or qualities necessary to do a particular thing well. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有能力的人有做好某件事所必需的技能或品质。定语从句修饰someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 12．The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/in which/不填 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：为避免惹恼你的同伴，你使用筷子的方式很重要。定语从句修饰先行词way，在从句作状语，应用that/in which或不填，故填that/in which/不填。 13．I admired Mr. Smith from class I graduated. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很钦佩史密斯先生，我毕业于他那个班。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词Mr. Smith，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和class之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 14．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 15．The students are chatting about the books and writers will add to their favorites. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们正在讨论他们最喜欢的书和作家。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the books and writers，在从句中作主语，当先行词既有人又有物时，用that引导定语从句。故填that。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别 关系副词的用法 知识点01 关系副词的用法 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 知识点03 关系代词和关系副词的区别 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 【即时检测】 1．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a social media platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。故填where。 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很少有时间和孩子们一起吃正式的晚餐。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 4．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位才华横溢的作曲家兼歌手带我们参观了他的工作室，在那里他创作了歌曲《永远年轻》。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词his studio。先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 5．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 6．It’s helpful to put ourselves in a situation we can see ourselves more clearly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把自己放在一个能更清楚地看到自己的局面中是很有帮助的。此空位于名词之后，空前与空后句子的谓语动词分别为is和can see，所以此处应是关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词situation意为“形势，局面”为抽象地点名词，所以此处使用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 7．You are expected to find some group activities you can be with people who share your interests. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你应该参加一些团体活动，在那里你可以和有共同兴趣的人在一起。定语从句修饰先行词activities，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 8．The nuclear waste discharge is now the major reason environmentalists feel worried about the future of marine creatures. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：核废料的排放现在是环保主义者对海洋生物的未来感到担忧的主要原因。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，应用why。故填why。 9．It was 10o’clock__________ / ________ they went out of the cinema.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/at which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们走出电影院时已是十点钟了。分析句子结构及句意可知此处为定语从句，先行词为表示时间的名词 10 o’clock， 从句缺少时间状语， 应用关系副词when引导定语从句；表示“在几点”，应用介词at，所以此处的关系副词when也可换作at which。故答案为when/at which。 10．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot. 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我大学毕业的那个夏天又长又热。分析句子结构可知,此处应用when引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词The summer,在定语从句中作时间状语。此处也可用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,由in the summer可知，应用介词in。in which相当于when。故填when/in which。 11．They consider summer vacations as a time__________ / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. 【答案】 when in/during which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们认为暑假是一个放松和娱乐必不可少的时间。分析句子可知，空格处引导限定性定语从句。先行词是time，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when或介词in/during+ which，表示“在……期间”。故填when或in/during which。 12．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. 【答案】where/ from which 【详解】考查关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。句意: 人们可以欣赏美景的塔在山上。 分析句子结构可知，“________ people can have a good view”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tower，该先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where，或“介词from(从……)+关系代词 which”。因此答案为where/from which。 13．The reason___________ / he gave up his well-paid job isn't known to us. 【答案】why/ for which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他放弃高工资工作的原因不为人知。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，关系词代替先行词reason在从句中充当原因状语，应用关系副词why，又why=for which,故填why/for which。 14．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 15．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】from whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3.定语从句中的主谓一致用法 (1)定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。 (2)定语从句先行词是one of…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，从句谓语用单数。 He is one of the students who have read the book. 他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。 She is the only one of the girls who knows English. 她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 2．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 【即时检测】 1. Do you remember the day __________ __________ we first met? 【答案】 on which。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。 2. Do you remember the month __________ __________ we first met? 【答案】in which。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。 3. This is the skirt __________ __________ she paid $100. 【答案】for which。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。pay…for…是固定词组。故答案是for which。 4. This is the skirt __________ __________ she spent $100. 【答案】on which。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。spend money/time on…是固定词组。故答案是on which。 5. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ I’ve learned a lot. 【答案】 from whom。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。 6. This is my English teacher, __________ __________ help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress. 【答案】without whose。 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without whose。 7．Peter with __________ sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：在大学里，我和彼得的姐姐共用一个房间，彼得精通计算机编程。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Peter，指人，在从句中作定语，修饰名词sister，和sister之间是所属关系，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 8．The girl from__________ I borrowed this dictionary is my classmate. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：我向她借这本字典的那个女孩是我的同学。该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰名词girl，并指代先行词，在从句中作介词from的宾语，先行词是人，应使用whom，介词加whom引导定语从句。故填whom。 9．Scientists are still trying to determine the extent __________ which climate change will impact coastal communities in the next decade. 【答案】to 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：科学家们仍在试图确定气候变化在未来十年对沿海社区的影响程度。本空考查介词+which引导的限制性定语从句，to some extent“在某种程度上”，which指代先行词extend，故空处应填介词to与其搭配。故填to。 10．Air, __________ which we couldn’t live, is very important. 【答案】without 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：空气非常重要，没有它我们就无法生存。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Air，根据下文“we couldn't live(我们就无法生存)”可推理出此处说的是没有空气我们就无法生存，所以空白处需填介词without表示“没有”。故填without。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项语法填空 1．He often recalls his childhood, ___________he lived with his grandparents in the countryside. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：他经常回忆起他的童年，那时他和爷爷奶奶住在乡下。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词his childhood，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 2．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere___________ can make the audience fully immersed in the music. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。 3．CISAR brings help and hope to those___________ lives are changed by natural disasters. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：CISAR为那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人们带来帮助和希望。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。 4．The author ___________ whom all of us are familiar will visit our company. 【答案】with 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我们都熟悉的作家将访问我们公司。分析句子可知，句子为“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为“author”，指人，“be familiar with…”意为“熟悉……”，关系代词“whom”作“with”的宾语，故空格处应用介词“with”。故填with。 5．In a word, we reached a point___________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：总之，我们达到了一个我们希望享受和理解文学的一个点。空处引导定语从句，修饰a point，先行词point意为“阶段”，为抽象地点，所以用关系副词where，故填where。 6．Asians ___________ diets are like Westerners’ experience more disease and weight problems. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：饮食像西方人的亚洲人更容易患病和出现体重问题。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Asians，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰diets，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 7．The reason ___________ we should reduce plastic use is that it significantly reduces pollution and protects marine life. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我们应该减少塑料使用的原因是，它极大地减少了污染，保护了海洋生活。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以使用关系副词why引导。故填why。 8．She often reminds herself of the good days ___________they spent together working out the problem in the distant rural area. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她经常提醒自己，他们在遥远的农村地区一起解决问题的好日子。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the good days，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 9．It’s the only Thai restaurant ___________ ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这是一家唯一跻身于世界50佳餐厅前十名的泰国餐厅。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为Thai restaurant，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且先行词有the only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．The app uses AR to transform the way ___________ visitors interact with the park’s wildlife. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这个软件使用AR改变了游客与公园野生动物互动的方式。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the way，定语从句中句式完整，故应用that/in which引导，故填that。 11．The students benefiting most from college are those ___________ are totally engaged in academic life. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句，故填who或that。 12．I don’t think the number of the people to ___________ this happens is very large. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：我不认为这种情况发生在很多人身上。空处引导定语从句，先行词the number of the people，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 13．It is a comment on society and on the nature of people through the tale of a man ___________ life is changed by an act of forgiveness. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：它是通过一个人的故事对社会和人的本性的评论，这个人的生活被宽恕的行为改变了。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词man，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和life之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 14．From his travelling diary, we all know that there is such a beautiful place ___________ he has described to us.） 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：从他的旅行日记中，我们都知道有一个像他描述的那样美丽的地方。分析可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词place，从句缺少宾语，且先行词被such修饰，只能用关系代词as。故填as。 15．Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem___________ none of us worked out. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：上学期，我们数学老师出了一道没有人能算出来的考试题。根据句子分析可知，Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem为主句，从句中none of us worked out缺宾语，故为定语从句，先行词是an examination problem，指物定语从句中缺work out的宾语。先行词被so修饰，故用as代替先行词，在定语从句中做宾语。故填as。 16．Close friends are those who you can really depend on and with ___________ you have the deepest relationships. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：亲密的朋友是那些你真正可以依靠的人，和你关系最深的人。分析句子可知，这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。先行词是“those”，指代“close friends”（亲密的朋友），在定语从句“with __________ you have the deepest relationships”中，关系代词作介词“with”的宾语，且先行词指人，所以要用“whom”。故填whom。 17．Written Chinese has also become an important means ___________China’s present is connected with its past. 【答案】by which 【详解】考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法。句意：书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。分析句子可知，此处为介词by+关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词means在从句中作介词by的宾语成分，从句中by means表示“通过这一手段”，为固定搭配，此处为介词by的前置。故填by which。 18．The scientist, with ___________ I worked on the project, will attend the international conference next month. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：和我一起做这个项目的那位科学家将参加下个月的国际会议。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作介词宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 19．The novel, ___________ main character is a young detective, has won the annual literature award. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：这部以年轻侦探为主角的小说获得了年度文学奖。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，The novel和main character之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose，故填whose。 20．The cafeteria, ___________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends, often becomes the heart of the school community. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词用法。。句意：学生们聚集在一起享受美食、与朋友社交的食堂，往往成为学校社区的中心。“_________ students gather to enjoy meals and socialize with friends”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The cafeteria，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你会发现出租车在汽车站等着，你可以租出租车去你的寄宿家庭。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词taxis是出租车，因此空格处用which/that引导定语从句，故选A。 2．The ravages of war and neglect have left behind nothing but hollow remnants (残迹) in places _____ would have once been busy centers of culture and commerce. A．in which B．what C．where D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：战争的摧残与忽视，使得那些昔日繁华的文化与商业中心，如今只剩下空洞的遗迹。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故选D。 3．The young scientist has made such great achievements in his chosen field ________ nobody else can make. A．that B．as C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位年轻的科学家在他所选择的领域里取得了无人能及的巨大成就。空处引导定语从句，先行词为achievements，从句缺少宾语，且先行词被such修饰，应用关系代词as。故选B。 4．She liked Gaithersburg, the very town ________ long ago got rid of its Confederate past and is now home to a diverse population. A．as B．which C．where D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：她喜欢盖瑟斯堡，这个小镇早已摆脱了其南部同盟的过去，如今是一个多元化人口的家园。先行词为town，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词被the very修饰，关系代词为that。故选D项。 5．The way ______ Mexicans tell time actually has actually allowed me to live far more in the right now than I ever did before. Which one of the following choices is wrong! A．that B．in which C．which D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：墨西哥人表达时间的方式实际上让我比以往任何时候更能活在当下。根据语法规则，“the way”后接句子完整的定语从句时可以使用“that”或“in which”，也可以直接省略，不能用“which”。故选C项。 6．A cultural object usually refers to an item ______ is loosely related to a particular culture. A．which B．/ C．one D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：文化对象通常指的是一个与特定文化松散相关的物品。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an item，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故选A项。 7．The last thing I wanted to do was sitting down for an hour with people I barely knew. A．which B．that C．as D．whom 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最不愿意做的事就是和我几乎不认识的人坐在一起一个小时。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以应该用关系代词，代替先行词thing在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the last修饰，关系代词只能用that。故选B项。 8．Maradona, Argentina’s favorite son ________ life was spoiled by struggles with addiction, died at the age of 60, following a heart attack at home. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Maradona是Argentina最受欢迎的儿子，他的生活被与毒瘾作斗争所破坏，在家中因心脏病发作去世，享年60岁。定语从句修饰先行词son，在从句作life的定语，所以此处使用关系代词whose。故选C。 9．Always go with the choice that scares you the most, because that's ____________ that is going to require the most from you. A．why B．such C．the one D．all 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词。句意：总是选择最让你害怕的那个，因为那就是最需要你付出的那个选择。此处缺少表语，且指代前面提到的the choice，应用the one来表示同类事物中的特指，后面的“that is going to require the most from you”是定语从句，修饰先行词the one。故选 C 项。 10．The highest education is that ____________ does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. A．one B．\ C．who D．which 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最高的教育不仅给予我们知识，而且使我们的生命与万物和谐相处。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是that，空格处用关系代词which，故选D。 二、完成句子 1．This is the film I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 【答案】 first that 【详解】考查数词和定语从句。根据中英文提示，“第一”用序数词first；句中先行词为film，且被序数词修饰 ，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填①the ②that。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 【答案】whose name is known 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此处应为关系词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词scientist，表示“全国知名的科学家”可转述为“科学家的名字被全国所知”，所以从句的主语应为“名字”name，与先行词the scientist之间为所属关系，所以使用whose引导定语从句；表示“知道”应为know，与name之间为被动关系，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语name为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动词为is known。故填whose name is known。 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 【答案】the first place that he visited in China 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“第一个地方”应为the first place作宾语从句的主语，表示“他在中国参观的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the first place；分析句意可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，先行词被序数词修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that，表示“他”应为he作定语从句的主语，表示“参观”应为visit作定语从句的谓语，根据谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为visited，表示“在中国”应为in China，所以定语从句应译为that he visited in China。故填the first place that he visited in China。 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 【答案】that happened in my childhood 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为that引导的定语从句，表示“发生”应为happen，表示“在我的童年里”应为in my childhood，所以，从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，即谓语动词为happened，分析句子结构可知，先行词the accident在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that happened in my childhood。 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 【答案】that/which are designed/aimed to broaden our horizons 【详解】考查定语从句。该空缺少的是定语部分“旨在扩大我们视野的”修饰先行词activities，应使用关系代词that或which作从句主语，谓语部分使用be designed/aimed to；“扩大我们视野”使用动词短语 broaden our horizons。根据主句时态及句意判断从句也应使用一般现在时。故填that/which are designed to broaden our horizons。 7．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 【答案】when your dream comes true 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“你梦想成真的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the moment，表示“你的梦想”应为your dream作定语从句的主语，表示“成真”应为come true，根据句意可知，该句描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为名词单数，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为comes true，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the moment表时间，所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when your dream comes true。 8．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 【答案】where she’s likely to lose her life 【详解】考查定语从句。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“有可能丢掉性命”，表示“她”应用she；表示“有可能做某事”应用固定搭配be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为she，be动词用is；表示“丢掉性命”应用lose her life，此处lose使用动词原形；表示“有可能丢掉性命”应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。故填where she’s likely to lose her life。 9．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 【答案】to whom 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”，空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作to的宾语，需用关系代词whom，引导。故填to whom。 10．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一、关系代词和关系副词混淆（核心：判断先行词在从句中作 “成分” 还是 “状语”） 1.We will never forget the moment ________ we won the school sports meeting. 【答案】when 【详解】第一步找先行词 “the moment”（表时间）；第二步分析从句成分：从句 “we won the school sports meeting” 中，主语（we）、谓语（won）、宾语（the school sports meeting）完整，缺少 “时间状语”（“在那个时刻” 赢了比赛），需用表时间的关系副词when（等价于 “in which”）。若误填 that/which，会错将先行词当作从句宾语，但从句已有宾语，逻辑矛盾。 2.We will never forget the moment ________ we spent with our teammates after the match. 【答案】that/which 【详解】先行词仍是 “the moment”，但从句 “we spent with our teammates” 中，“spent” 是及物动词，后面缺少宾语（“度过那个时刻”），先行词在从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which（口语中可省略）。此处易误填 when，但 when 只能作状语，无法作宾语，需通过 “从句是否缺主 / 宾” 区分。 3.This is the library ________ my mother often reads books on weekends. 【答案】where 【详解】先行词 “the library”（表地点），从句 “my mother often reads books” 中，“reads” 后有宾语 “books”，句子结构完整，缺少 “地点状语”（“在图书馆里” 读书），用关系副词where（等价于 “in which”）。若误填 which，需补充介词（in which）才正确，单独用 which 会导致从句成分残缺（缺地点状语）。 4.This is the library ________ my mother borrowed the novel last month. 【答案】from which/where 【详解】先行词 “the library”，从句 “my mother borrowed the novel” 中，“borrow” 常用搭配 “borrow sth from sp”，缺少 “from + 地点” 的状语，可用 “from which”（介词 + 关系代词）或关系副词 “where”（where 可涵盖 “from + 地点” 的逻辑）。易误填 which（漏介词 from），导致搭配不完整。 5.I can’t find the house ________ I lived with my grandparents when I was a child. 【答案】where 【详解】先行词 “the house”（表地点），从句 “I lived with my grandparents” 中，“lived” 是不及物动词，句子结构完整（主语 I + 谓语 lived + 伴随状语 with my grandparents），缺少 “地点状语”（“在房子里” 居住），需用关系副词where（等价于 “in which”）。易误填 that/which，若填关系代词，需补充介词 “in”（in which），单独使用不符合语法。 6.I can’t find the house ________ my father bought for my grandparents in 2010. 【答案】that/which 【详解】先行词 “the house” 在从句 “my father bought for my grandparents” 中作 “bought” 的宾语（“买房子”），从句缺少宾语，需用关系代词that/which（口语中可省略）。此处易误填 where，但 where 只能作状语，无法作 “bought” 的宾语，需通过 “动词是否及物” 判断 ——“bought” 是及物动词，后需接宾语，因此用关系代词。 7.She always talks about the year ________ she studied abroad in the UK. 【答案】when 【详解】先行词 “the year”（表时间），从句 “she studied abroad in the UK” 中，主语（she）、谓语（studied）、地点状语（abroad in the UK）完整，缺少 “时间状语”（“在那一年” 留学），需用关系副词when（等价于 “in which”）。若误填 that/which，会错误认为先行词作从句宾语，实则从句无宾语需求，逻辑不成立。 8.She always talks about the year ________ she spent traveling around Europe with her friends. 【答案】that/which 【详解】先行词 “the year” 在从句 “she spent traveling around Europe” 中作 “spent” 的宾语（“度过那一年”），“spent” 是及物动词，后缺宾语，需用关系代词that/which（可省略）。易误填 when，需注意 “spent” 后接的是 “时间” 作宾语，而非时间状语，因此不用关系副词。 二、关系代词 that 和 which 混淆（核心：记清 which 不能用的特殊情况） 1.All ________ we need to do now is finish our homework carefully. 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 “All”（指物，且为不定代词），定语从句中当先行词是all, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词时，关系代词只能用 “that”，不能用 “which”。易误填 which，需牢记不定代词作先行词的特殊规则。 2.The first English song ________ I learned at school was "Yesterday Once More". 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 “the first English song”（有序数词 “first” 修饰），当先行词被序数词（first, second...）或最高级（best, most...） 修饰时，关系代词只能用 “that”，不能用 “which”。此处若填 which，不符合语法规则，需关注先行词前的修饰词类型。 3.This is the only book ________ can help you with your grammar problem. 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 “the only book”（有 “only” 修饰），当先行词被only, very, same, last等限定词修饰时，关系代词只能用 “that”，不能用 “which”。易误填 which，需注意 “限定词 + 先行词” 的搭配场景。 4.The movie ________ we watched last night is based on a true story. 【答案】that/which 【详解】先行词 “the movie”（指物，无特殊修饰词，从句中作宾语），当先行词是普通指物名词，且从句中作宾语时，“that” 和 “which” 均可使用（也可省略）。此处需与前 3 题对比，明确 “无特殊情况时，that 和 which 可通用”，避免过度局限于 “只能用 that” 的规则。 5.Nothing ________ he said at the meeting surprised his classmates. 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 “Nothing”（不定代词，表否定），根据语法规则，先行词为不定代词（无论指人还是指物） 时，关系代词只能用 “that”，不能用 “which”。易误填 which，需注意 “nothing” 属于不定代词范畴，需遵循特殊规则。 6.The most interesting story ________ I have ever read is from this magazine. 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 “the most interesting story”（被最高级 “most interesting” 修饰），当先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 “that”，不能用 “which”。若填 which，语法上不成立，需重点记忆 “最高级 + 先行词” 的搭配规则。 7.This is the last lesson ________ we will have before the winter holiday. 【答案】that 【详解】先行词 “the last lesson”（被限定词 “last” 修饰），当先行词被last, only, very, same等词修饰时，关系代词只能用 “that”，不能用 “which”。易误填 which，需注意 “last” 属于特殊限定词，需触发 “只能用 that” 的规则。 8.The new mobile phone ________ my father bought last week works very well. 【答案】that/which 【详解】先行词 “the new mobile phone”（普通指物名词，无特殊修饰词），从句 “my father bought last week” 中，先行词作 “bought” 的宾语，此时 “that” 和 “which” 均可使用（也可省略）。此处需明确 “无特殊情况时通用”，避免学生因过度记忆特殊规则而忽略通用情况。 三、“介词 + 关系代词” 误用（核心：确定介词的 3 个依据 —— 搭配、先行词、句意） 1.The teacher ________ whom we discussed our study problems is very patient. 【答案】with 【详解】“介词 + 关系代词” 中，介词的选择需看从句动词与先行词的搭配：从句 “we discussed our study problems ________ the teacher”，“discuss sth with sb” 是固定搭配（“和某人讨论某事”），因此介词用 “with”。易误填 about（discuss about sth 是错误搭配，discuss 为及物动词，直接接宾语），需牢记动词的固定介词搭配。 2.This is the city ________ which I was born 15 years ago. 【答案】in 【详解】介词需结合先行词的逻辑：先行词 “the city”（地点），“出生在某个城市” 的表达是 “be born in a city”，因此介词用 “in”（“in which” 等价于 “where”）。易误填 at（at 后接小地点，如 “at the station”，城市是大地点，用 in），需根据先行词的 “地点大小 / 属性” 选介词。 3.I still remember the day ________ which my father sent me to high school. 【答案】on 【详解】介词需结合先行词的时间逻辑：先行词 “the day”（时间），“在具体某一天” 用介词 “on”（“on the day”），因此 “on which” 等价于 “when”。易误填 in（in 后接年 / 月 / 季节，如 “in 2023”“in September”，具体日期 / 天用 on），需区分时间介词的用法。 4.The dictionary ________ which my classmate lent me is very useful. 【答案】to 【详解】介词需看从句动词的搭配：从句 “my classmate lent me ________ the dictionary”，“lend sth to sb” 是固定搭配（“把某物借给某人”），因此介词用 “to”。易误填 for（lend 不和 for 搭配，“borrow sth from sb” 才用 from，需区分 lend 和 borrow 的介词搭配差异）。 5.The doctor ________ whom my mother asked for advice is very experienced. 【答案】from 【详解】介词需看从句动词的固定搭配：从句 “my mother asked ________ the doctor for advice”，“ask sb for advice” 是固定表达，此处将 “sb”（the doctor）提前，需用 “from whom”（“向医生求助” 即 “ask from the doctor”），因此介词用 “from”。易误填 to（ask to sb 为错误搭配，需牢记 “ask sb for sth” 的结构）。 6.This is the hotel ________ which we stayed during our trip to Beijing. 【答案】in 【详解】介词需结合先行词的逻辑：先行词 “the hotel”（地点），“住在酒店” 的表达是 “stay in a hotel”，因此介词用 “in”（“in which” 等价于 “where”）。易误填 at（stay at 后接小地点，如 “stay at a small inn”，酒店通常用 “stay in”），需根据地点名词的常用搭配选介词。 7.I will never forget the month ________ which I prepared for the final exam. 【答案】during 【详解】介词需结合句意和先行词逻辑：先行词 “the month”（时间），从句 “我准备期末考试” 是在 “这个月期间” 发生的，“在…… 期间” 用介词 “during”，因此 “during which” 等价于 “when”（此处 when 可涵盖 “在…… 期间” 的逻辑）。易误填 in（in which 表 “在这个月里”，但 “prepare for the exam” 是持续整个月的动作，“during” 更贴合 “期间” 的含义，语义更准确）。 8.The girl ________ whom you talked just now is my deskmate. 【答案】with/to 【详解】介词需看从句动词的固定搭配：从句 “you talked ________ the girl just now”，“和某人交谈” 的表达是 “talk with sb” 或 “talk to sb”，因此介词用 “with” 或 “to” 均可。易误填 about（talk about sb 表 “谈论某人”，而此处句意是 “和某人交谈”，介词用错会导致语义完全不同，需明确 “talk with/to” 与 “talk about” 的区别）。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】 which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 4.（2024浙江1月卷）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which。 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 6.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 7.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned of a company ___________used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back. 【答案】which或that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，_________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。 8.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】 that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 9.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ___________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。 10.（2020新课标卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 11.（2023全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose。 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 12.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。 13.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 14.（2020全国III卷）In ancient China lived an artist, __________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. 【答案】 whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 15.（2020天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系代词用法。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $