摘要:
该高中英语UNIT 5 "Learning from nature"词汇同步笔记系统梳理了54个核心词汇及短语,涵盖自然生物、仿生科技、环境科学等主题范畴,构建了从"词汇音形义"到"派生词拓展"再到"考点应用"的阶梯式学习支架。
清单以"词汇-派生-考点-速记-例句"五位一体结构呈现知识体系,如"biomimicry"通过拆分记忆(bio-+mimicry)解析构词逻辑,"mimic"搭配发音联想(音近“米米克”联想模仿动作),培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计"核心考点"模块标注高频搭配(如take...for granted的用法),例句融入自然主题情境(如algal bloom描述水华现象),不同基础学生可高效掌握,教师可直接用于词汇教学与应用训练,提升课堂实效。
内容正文:
UNIT 5 Learning from nature.词汇同步笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
lotus /ˈləʊtəs/ n. 莲花,荷花
无
1. lotus flower(莲花)2. lotus leaf(荷叶)
发音联想:“lotus”音近“漏特斯”,联想“莲花出淤泥而不染,叶片像‘漏’水的‘特’殊叶子”
The lotus flowers in the pond bloom beautifully every summer.(池塘里的莲花每年夏天都开得很漂亮。)
2
termite /ˈtɜːmaɪt/ n. 白蚁
无
1. termite mound(白蚁丘)2. termite damage(白蚁破坏)
发音联想:“termite”音近“特迈特”,联想“白蚁会啃‘特’木头,造成‘迈’大的破坏”
The old wooden furniture was damaged by termites and had to be replaced.(旧木制家具被白蚁破坏,不得不更换。)
3
mound /maʊnd/ n. 土堆,土丘
无
1. earth mound(土堆)2. sand mound(沙丘)
发音联想:“mound”音近“茂德”,联想“土堆上长着‘茂’盛的草,形‘德’圆润”
The farmers built small mounds in the field to prevent waterlogging.(农民们在田里堆起小土堆,防止积水。)
4
algae /ˈældʒiː/ n. 藻类(植物)
algal /ˈælgəl/ adj. 藻类的
1. algal bloom(水华,藻类大量繁殖)2. green algae(绿藻)
发音联想:“algae”音近“艾尔吉”,联想“池塘里‘艾尔吉’状的绿色植物就是藻类”
Excessive nutrients in the water caused a large algal bloom, polluting the pond.(水中过量的营养导致藻类大量繁殖,污染了池塘。)
5
take… for granted 认为……理所当然
无(短语)
take sth for granted(认为某事理所当然,如take parents' love for granted)
字面拆解:“take(认为)+ sth(某物)+ for granted(理所当然)”,结合“认为日常事物理所当然”的场景记忆
Many people take clean water and fresh air for granted, not realizing their importance.(很多人把干净的水和新鲜的空气视为理所当然,没意识到它们的重要性。)
6
pine cone 松果,松球
无(短语)
1. collect pine cones(收集松果)2. pine cone seeds(松果种子)
拆分记忆:“pine(松树)+ cone(球果)”,即“松树上结的球果”
Children like to collect pine cones in the pine forest and use them to make crafts.(孩子们喜欢在松树林里收集松果,用它们做手工。)
7
tile /taɪl/ n. 瓦片;瓷砖
无
1. roof tiles(屋顶瓦片)2. floor tiles(地板瓷砖)
发音联想:“tile”音近“泰尔”,联想“屋顶的‘泰尔’状建材就是瓦片”
The roof tiles were broken in the storm, so we hired workers to replace them.(暴风雨中屋顶瓦片被砸坏,我们雇了工人更换。)
8
architect /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ n. 建筑师
architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə/ n. 建筑设计;建筑学
1. famous architect(著名建筑师)2. architect of a building(建筑的设计师)
词根关联:“architect(建筑师)”去“-ect”加“-ure”构成“architecture(建筑学)”,即“建筑师从事的学科”
The famous architect designed the new art museum in our city.(那位著名建筑师设计了我们城市的新艺术博物馆。)
9
mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ v. 模仿;n. 模仿者
mimicry /ˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 模仿;拟态
1. mimic sb's voice(模仿某人的声音)2. mimic animal movements(模仿动物动作)
发音联想:“mimic”音近“米米克”,联想“小孩喜欢‘米米克’式模仿大人的动作”
The little boy likes to mimic his teacher's accent when he tells stories.(小男孩讲故事时,喜欢模仿老师的口音。)
10
waterfront /ˈwɔːtəfrʌnt/ n. 滨水地区(如江边、海边)
无
1. city waterfront(城市滨水区)2. waterfront park(滨水公园)
拆分记忆:“water(水)+ front(前沿、区域)”,即“靠近水的区域”
The city has built a beautiful waterfront park along the river for citizens to relax.(该市沿河边建了一座漂亮的滨水公园,供市民休闲。)
11
promenade /ˌprɒməˈnɑːd/ n. 滨海步行道;散步道
无
1. seaside promenade(滨海步行道)2. walk along the promenade(沿步行道散步)
发音联想:“promenade”音近“普罗马纳德”,联想“海边‘普罗马纳德’式的道路就是步行道”
Every evening, many people walk, jog or cycle along the seaside promenade.(每天晚上,很多人沿滨海步行道散步、慢跑或骑车。)
12
plumbing /ˈplʌmɪŋ/ n. 管道系统(尤指供水、排水管道)
plumber /ˈplʌmə/ n. 水管工
1. household plumbing(家庭管道系统)2. repair the plumbing(修理管道系统)
词根关联:“plumbing(管道系统)”对应“plumber(水管工)”,即“水管工维修的系统”
The plumbing in our old house is leaking, so we need to call a plumber.(我们老房子的管道系统漏水了,得叫个水管工来修。)
13
superb /suːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极好的,出色的
无
1. superb performance(出色的表现)2. superb view(绝佳的景色)
发音联想:“superb”音近“苏珀布”,联想“‘苏’醒后看到‘珀’丽的景色,真是极好的”
The actor gave a superb performance in the movie, winning many awards.(这位演员在电影中表现出色,获得了多个奖项。)
14
biomimicry /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɪmɪkri/ n. 仿生学(模仿生物特性的学科)
无
1. biomimicry technology(仿生技术)2. apply biomimicry(应用仿生学)
拆分记忆:“bio-(生物)+ mimicry(模仿)”,即“模仿生物的学科”
Scientists apply biomimicry to design aircraft wings that mimic bird wings.(科学家应用仿生学设计模仿鸟类翅膀的飞机机翼。)
15
dioxide /daɪˈɒksaɪd/ n. 二氧化物
无
1. carbon dioxide(二氧化碳,简称CO₂)2. sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫)
词根拆分:“di-(二)+ oxide(氧化物)”,即“含有两个氧原子的氧化物”
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen.(植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳,释放氧气。)
16
convert /kənˈvɜːt/ v. 使转变;使转换
conversion /kənˈvɜːʃn/ n. 转变;转换
1. convert...into...(把……转变成……,如convert solar energy into electricity)2. convert a room(改造房间)
发音联想:“convert”音近“肯vert”,联想“‘肯’定能把旧材料‘vert’换成新材料”
This new device can convert solar energy into electricity for home use.(这个新设备能将太阳能转变成家用电力。)
17
frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə/ n.(学科的)知识前沿;边境
无
1. scientific frontier(科学前沿)2. the frontier of medicine(医学前沿)
联想记忆:“frontier”原指“边境”,引申为“学科的边界领域”即“知识前沿”
Scientists are constantly exploring the frontier of artificial intelligence.(科学家们在不断探索人工智能的知识前沿。)
18
pond /pɒnd/ n. 池塘
无
1. fish pond(鱼塘)2. small pond(小池塘)
发音联想:“pond”音近“庞德”,联想“‘庞’大的院子里有个‘德’性的小池塘”
We often go fishing in the small pond near our village on weekends.(周末我们经常去村附近的小池塘钓鱼。)
19
sow /səʊ/ v. 播(种);n. 母猪
sowing /ˈsəʊɪŋ/ n. 播种
1. sow seeds(播种,如sow wheat seeds)2. sow in spring(在春天播种)
发音联想:“sow”音近“搜”,联想“春天‘搜’集种子播种”
Farmers usually sow corn seeds in the field in late spring.(农民通常在晚春时节在田里播种玉米种子。)
20
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧;明智
wise /waɪz/ adj. 明智的;有智慧的
1. wisdom of experience(经验的智慧)2. practical wisdom(实用智慧)
词根关联:“wise(明智的)”加“-dom(抽象名词后缀)”构成“wisdom(智慧)”
The elderly often share the wisdom they have gained from life with young people.(长辈们常把从生活中获得的智慧分享给年轻人。)
21
seek solutions to 寻求解决方法
无(短语)
seek solutions to problems(寻求问题的解决方法,如seek solutions to environmental problems)
拆分记忆:“seek(寻求)+ solutions(解决方法)+ to(针对)”,即“针对问题寻求方法”
The government held a meeting to seek solutions to the city's traffic problems.(政府召开会议,寻求城市交通问题的解决方法。)
22
take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
无(短语)
take inspiration from nature(从自然中获取灵感)take inspiration from history(从历史中获取灵感)
拆分记忆:“take(获取)+ inspiration(灵感)+ from(从……)”,结合“设计师从自然获取灵感”的场景
The fashion designer takes inspiration from traditional Chinese patterns for her new collection.(这位时装设计师从中国传统纹样中获取灵感,设计新系列服装。)
23
employ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v. 使用,运用;雇佣
employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ n. 雇佣;就业
1. employ a method(使用一种方法,如employ a new teaching method)2. employ workers(雇佣工人)
发音联想:“employ”音近“伊姆普洛伊”,联想“‘伊’始使用新方法,‘普’遍提升效率”
The teacher employs a variety of games to make English classes more interesting.(这位老师运用多种游戏,让英语课更有趣。)
24
bat /bæt/ n. 蝙蝠;球棒
无
1. bat's echo-location(蝙蝠的回声定位)2. fruit bat(果蝠)
联想记忆:“bat”作“蝙蝠”时,联想“蝙蝠用回声定位”;作“球棒”时,联想“棒球 bat”
Bats use echo-location to find food and avoid obstacles in the dark.(蝙蝠在黑暗中用回声定位寻找食物、躲避障碍物。)
25
echo-location /ˌekəʊləʊˈkeɪʃn/ n. 回声定位(生物通过发射声波定位的能力)
无
1. bat's echo-location(蝙蝠的回声定位)2. echo-location system(回声定位系统)
拆分记忆:“echo(回声)+ location(定位)”,即“通过回声实现定位”
Scientists have developed a navigation system based on the principle of echo-location.(科学家根据回声定位原理,研发了一种导航系统。)
26
radar /ˈreɪdɑː/ n. 雷达(利用无线电波探测目标的设备)
无
1. airport radar(机场雷达)2. radar detection(雷达探测)
音译记忆:“radar”是音译词,直接关联“雷达”设备,联想“机场用雷达监测飞机”
The airport's radar detected a small plane entering the restricted airspace.(机场雷达探测到一架小型飞机进入禁飞区。)
27
swimsuit /ˈswɪmsuːt/ n. 游泳衣
无
1. beach swimsuit(沙滩游泳衣)2. women's swimsuit(女士游泳衣)
拆分记忆:“swim(游泳)+ suit(衣服)”,即“游泳时穿的衣服”
She bought a new swimsuit before going on vacation to the seaside.(去海边度假前,她买了一件新游泳衣。)
28
dragonfly /ˈdræɡənflaɪ/ n. 蜻蜓
无
1. dragonfly over the pond(池塘上空的蜻蜓)2. colorful dragonfly(彩色蜻蜓)
拆分记忆:“dragon(龙)+ fly(苍蝇,此处指昆虫)”,即“像‘龙’一样的昆虫”
In summer, we often see dragonflies flying low over the pond before rain.(夏天,下雨前我们常看到蜻蜓在池塘上空低飞。)
29
drone /drəʊn/ n. 无人驾驶飞机;嗡嗡声
无
1. military drone(军用无人机)2. drone photography(无人机航拍)
发音联想:“drone”音近“德龙”,联想“‘德’国产的‘龙’形无人机用于航拍”
The company uses drones to take photos of large construction sites for progress monitoring.(该公司用无人机拍摄大型建筑工地,监测施工进度。)
30
spider /ˈspaɪdə/ n. 蜘蛛
无
1. spider web(蜘蛛网)2. garden spider(园蛛)
发音联想:“spider”音近“斯派德”,联想“‘斯’文的‘派德’花园里有蜘蛛结网”
A small spider was busy weaving a web between two flowers in the garden.(一只小蜘蛛在花园的两朵花之间忙着结网。)
31
physician /fɪˈzɪʃn/ n. 医生(尤指内科医生)
无
1. family physician(家庭医生)2. see a physician(看医生)
联想记忆:“physician”区别于“doctor”,更侧重“内科医生”,联想“看内科找physician”
My grandmother goes to see her family physician every three months for a health check-up.(我奶奶每三个月去看一次家庭医生,做健康检查。)
32
superficially /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəli/ adv. 表面(上)地;肤浅地
superficial /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl/ adj. 表面的;肤浅的
1. superficially similar(表面相似)2. understand superficially(肤浅地理解)
后缀记忆:“superficial(表面的)+ -ly(副词后缀)”,即“表面地”
The two products look superficially similar, but their quality is quite different.(这两种产品表面看起来相似,但质量差别很大。)
33
bow /baʊ/ v. 鞠躬;点头;/baʊ/ n. 弓;蝴蝶结
无
1. bow to sb(向某人鞠躬,如bow to the audience)2. bow one's head(低头)
发音记忆:“bow”作“鞠躬”时读/baʊ/,联想“鞠躬时身体‘弯’(bow)下来”
The actors bowed deeply to the audience after the performance ended.(演出结束后,演员们向观众深深鞠躬。)
34
rural /ˈrʊərəl/ adj. 农村的,乡村的
rural area(农村地区);urban adj. 城市的(反义词)
1. rural life(农村生活)2. rural development(农村发展)
发音联想:“rural”音近“儒勒”,联想“‘儒’雅的‘勒’索河畔有农村”
The government has invested a lot of money in improving rural infrastructure.(政府投入大量资金改善农村基础设施。)
35
decent /ˈdiːs(ə)nt/ adj. 可接受的,相当好的;体面的
无
1. decent job(体面的工作)2. decent salary(相当不错的薪水)
发音联想:“decent”音近“迪森特”,联想“‘迪’士尼员工有‘森特’级别的体面工作”
After graduation, she found a decent job in a big company with a good salary.(毕业后,她在一家大公司找到一份体面的工作,薪水也不错。)
36
cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/ n. 乡村小屋;小屋
无
1. country cottage(乡村小屋)2. beach cottage(海滩小屋)
发音联想:“cottage”音近“科蒂奇”,联想“‘科’罗拉多州的‘蒂奇’小镇有很多乡村小屋”
We rented a small country cottage for the weekend to escape the city noise.(我们租了一间乡村小屋过周末,躲避城市的喧嚣。)
37
deliberately /dɪˈlɪbərətli/ adv. 不慌不忙地,从容不迫地;故意地
deliberate /dɪˈlɪbərət/ adj. 故意的;从容的
1. walk deliberately(从容地走)2. do sth deliberately(故意做某事)
后缀记忆:“deliberate(从容的)+ -ly(副词后缀)”,即“从容地”
She walked deliberately along the path, enjoying the quiet of the countryside.(她从容地沿着小路走,享受乡村的宁静。)
38
withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 退出;撤回;提取(钱)
withdrawal /wɪðˈdrɔːəl/ n. 退出;撤回
1. withdraw from(从……退出,如withdraw from a competition)2. withdraw money(取钱)
发音联想:“withdraw”音近“威兹卓”,联想“‘威’胁下‘兹’然退出比赛”
He decided to withdraw from the singing competition due to a sore throat.(他因为喉咙痛,决定退出歌唱比赛。)
39
domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ adj. 驯养的;家养的;国内的
domestic animal(家畜);domestic market(国内市场)
1. domestic cat(家猫)2. domestic affairs(国内事务)
联想记忆:“domestic”作“家养的”时,联想“domestic cat(家猫)”;作“国内的”时,联想“domestic market(国内市场)”
Dogs are one of the most common domestic animals around the world.(狗是世界上最常见的家养动物之一。)
40
depressive /dɪˈpresɪv/ adj. 抑郁的;令人沮丧的
1. depress /dɪˈpres/ v. 使抑郁;使沮丧2. depression /dɪˈpreʃn/ n. 抑郁症;沮丧
1. depressive mood(抑郁的情绪)2. depressive weather(令人沮丧的天气)
词根关联:“depress(使抑郁)+ -ive(形容词后缀)”,即“抑郁的”
Long periods of rainy weather can make people feel in a depressive mood.(长时间的阴雨天气会让人感到情绪抑郁。)
41
reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ adj. 不情愿的;勉强的
reluctance /rɪˈlʌktəns/ n. 不情愿;勉强
be reluctant to do sth(不情愿做某事,如be reluctant to get up early)
发音联想:“reluctant”音近“瑞拉克坦特”,联想“‘瑞’士的‘拉’力运动员‘坦特’不情愿早起训练”
She was reluctant to ask for help because she didn't want to trouble others.(她不情愿求助,因为不想麻烦别人。)
42
depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ v. 离开;出发
departure /dɪˈpɑːtʃə/ n. 离开;出发
1. depart from(从……离开,如depart from the station)2. depart early(早早出发)
发音联想:“depart”音近“迪帕特”,联想“‘迪’斯尼乐园‘帕’闭后,人们‘特’早离开”
The train to Beijing will depart from Platform 3 at 8:00 a.m.(开往北京的火车将于上午8点从3号站台出发。)
43
lane /leɪn/ n.(乡间的)小路;车道
无
1. country lane(乡间小路)2. bicycle lane(自行车道)
发音联想:“lane”音近“莱恩”,联想“‘莱’茵河畔的‘恩’赐小路”
We walked along the quiet country lane, enjoying the smell of wild flowers.(我们沿着安静的乡间小路走,闻着野花的香味。)
44
atop /əˈtɒp/ prep. 在……顶上
无
1. atop the mountain(在山顶上)2. atop the building(在楼顶)
拆分记忆:“a-(在……)+ top(顶上)”,即“在……的顶上”,区别于“on top of”
A small temple stands atop the mountain, attracting many tourists.(山顶上有一座小寺庙,吸引了很多游客。)
45
mulberry /ˈmʌlbəri/ n. 桑葚;桑树
无
1. mulberry tree(桑树)2. fresh mulberries(新鲜桑葚)
发音联想:“mulberry”音近“马尔伯里”,联想“‘马’路边的‘尔’家‘伯’父种了桑树,结满桑葚”
The mulberry tree in our backyard bears sweet and juicy mulberries every June.(我家后院的桑树每年六月都结满又甜又多汁的桑葚。)
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purity /ˈpjʊərəti/ n. 纯洁;洁净;纯度
pure /pjʊə/ adj. 纯洁的;纯净的
1. purity of water(水的洁净)2. purity of gold(黄金的纯度)
词根关联:“pure(纯洁的)+ -ity(名词后缀)”,即“纯洁的状态”
The purity of the spring water here is very high, so it can be drunk directly.(这里的泉水洁净度很高,可以直接饮用。)
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resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ v. 使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职
resignation /ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃn/ n. 顺从;辞职
1. resign oneself to(顺从于……,如resign oneself to fate)2. resign from a job(辞职)
发音联想:“resign”音近“瑞扎因”,联想“‘瑞’士的‘扎’根员工‘因’公司变动安于现状”
After trying many times and failing, he finally resigned himself to the fact that he couldn't win.(尝试多次失败后,他最终安于自己无法获胜的事实。)
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botanical /bəˈtænɪk(ə)l/ adj. 植物(学)的
1. botany /ˈbɒtəni/ n. 植物学2. botanist /ˈbɒtənɪst/ n. 植物学家
1. botanical garden(植物园)2. botanical research(植物学研究)
词根关联:“botany(植物学)+ -cal(形容词后缀)”,即“与植物学相关的”
Our school organized a trip to the botanical garden to learn about different plants.(学校组织去植物园参观,了解不同的植物。)
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reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 拒绝接受;排斥;/ˈriːdʒekt/ n. 被拒绝者
rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃn/ n. 拒绝;排斥
1. reject an offer(拒绝提议,如reject a job offer)2. reject a theory(排斥一种理论)
发音记忆:“reject”作动词时读/rɪˈdʒekt/,联想“‘拒’绝(reject)不合理的提议”
She had to reject the job offer because it required her to work abroad for a long time.(她不得不拒绝这份工作邀请,因为它要求她长期在国外工作。)
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ease /iːz/ n. 舒适,悠闲;v. 减轻
easy /ˈiːzi/ adj. 容易的;舒适的
1. life of ease(舒适的生活)2. ease pain(减轻疼痛)
联想记忆:“ease(舒适)”与“easy(舒适的)”同源,联想“舒适的生活(life of ease)”
After retiring, my grandfather enjoys a life of ease, reading and gardening every day.(退休后,爷爷过着舒适的生活,每天读书、种花。)
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at ease with 不拘束,放松
无(短语)
be at ease with sb(和某人在一起不拘束,如be at ease with friends)be at ease with oneself(自我放松)
拆分记忆:“at ease(放松的状态)+ with(和……一起)”,即“和某人在一起时放松”
She is always at ease with her classmates, so she has many good friends.(她和同学在一起时总是很放松,所以有很多好朋友。)
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attain /əˈteɪn/ v. 得到,获得;达到
attainment /əˈteɪnmənt/ n. 获得;成就
1. attain a goal(达到目标,如attain a learning goal)2. attain success(获得成功)
发音联想:“attain”音近“阿泰因”,联想“‘阿’拉伯的‘泰’国留学生‘因’努力获得奖学金”
With hard work and persistence, you will eventually attain your dreams.(凭借努力和坚持,你最终会实现自己的梦想。)
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fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪlmənt/ n. 满足(感);实现
fulfil /fʊlˈfɪl/ v. 实现;满足
1. sense of fulfilment(满足感,如sense of fulfilment from work)2. fulfilment of a dream(梦想的实现)
词根关联:“fulfil(实现)+ -ment(名词后缀)”,即“实现带来的满足感”
Helping others gives her a strong sense of fulfilment that money can't buy.(帮助别人给她带来了金钱买不到的强烈满足感。)
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evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评估,评价;估价
evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn/ n. 评估,评价
1. evaluate a project(评估项目,如evaluate a research project)2. evaluate sb's performance(评价某人的表现)
发音联想:“evaluate”音近“伊瓦尔ju雷特”,联想“‘伊’朗的‘瓦’工‘ju’匠‘雷特’评估工程质量”
Teachers need to evaluate students' performance comprehensively, not just based on exam scores.(老师需要全面评价学生的表现,而不只是看考试分数。)
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