Unit 5 Learning from nature 词汇拓展短语背记（一）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦“Learning from nature”单元，系统梳理自然现象、仿生技术、环境问题等主题词汇及功能句型，通过主题聚类（如“lotus”“termite”系列）与功能分类（如take...for granted句型拓展），搭建从基础词汇记忆到情境应用表达的学习支架。 清单以分类关联构建完整知识体系，如将“termite”相关词汇从hill到colony再到damage成组呈现，形成逻辑链条，培养思维品质。每个短语配中英对照例句，如take life for granted结合健康与环保场景，提升语言应用能力。实用设计如主题词汇链和情境化例句，助力学生自主构建知识网络，教师可直接用于词汇教学或写作素材拓展，提高教学效率。

UNIT 5 Learning from nature.词汇拓展短语背记（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 lotus flower 莲花 1. The lotus flower blooms beautifully in the pond during summer.（夏天，莲花在池塘里绚烂绽放。）2. Many people like to take photos of lotus flowers because of their purity.（很多人喜欢拍莲花，因为它象征纯洁。） 2 lotus root 莲藕 1. My mom often cooks lotus root with vinegar—it’s very crispy.（妈妈经常做醋溜莲藕，口感很脆。）2. Lotus root is a common ingredient in Chinese home-cooked meals.（莲藕是中国家常菜里常见的食材。） 3 lotus pond 荷花池 1. We walked around the lotus pond in the park and enjoyed the fresh air.（我们在公园的荷花池边散步，呼吸新鲜空气。）2. The lotus pond attracts many tourists every summer.（每年夏天，这个荷花池都会吸引很多游客。） 4 termite hill 白蚁丘 1. We saw a huge termite hill in the African savanna during our trip.（旅行时，我们在非洲稀树草原看到了一个巨大的白蚁丘。）2. Termite hills are usually made of soil and termite saliva.（白蚁丘通常由泥土和白蚁唾液建成。） 5 termite colony 白蚁群落 1. A termite colony can have thousands of termites with different roles.（一个白蚁群落可以有数千只白蚁，它们分工不同。）2. Scientists are studying how termite colonies work together to build their homes.（科学家正在研究白蚁群落如何协作筑巢。） 6 termite damage 白蚁破坏 1. The old wooden house suffered serious termite damage—many beams were eaten through.（这栋老木屋遭受到严重的白蚁破坏，很多木梁都被蛀空了。）2. We need to check the furniture regularly to prevent termite damage.（我们需要定期检查家具，防止白蚁破坏。） 7 mound of earth 土堆 1. The workers piled the excavated soil into a mound of earth by the construction site.（工人们把挖出的泥土堆在工地旁，形成了一个土堆。）2. Children like to play on the mound of earth in the backyard.（孩子们喜欢在后院的土堆上玩耍。） 8 sand mound 沙丘 1. Sand mounds keep changing shape because of the wind in the desert.（沙漠里的沙丘因为风的作用，形状不断变化。）2. We climbed a small sand mound to get a better view of the desert.（我们爬上一个小沙丘，以便更好地观赏沙漠景色。） 9 termite mound 白蚁丘 1. The termite mound is as tall as a small tree—it’s amazing how termites build it.（这个白蚁丘和小树一样高，白蚁的筑巢能力太神奇了。）2. Some animals like to live near termite mounds because they are warm in winter.（有些动物喜欢住在白蚁丘附近，因为冬天那里很暖和。） 10 green algae 绿藻 1. Green algae grow well in clean, sunny water—you can often see them in small ponds.（绿藻在干净、有阳光的水里生长得很好，你经常能在小池塘里看到它们。）2. Green algae are an important food source for small fish.（绿藻是小鱼的重要食物来源。） 11 blue-green algae 蓝藻 1. Blue-green algae can produce harmful substances when they multiply too much.（蓝藻大量繁殖时会产生有害物质。）2. The lake was covered with blue-green algae because of water pollution.（由于水污染，这个湖被蓝藻覆盖了。） 12 algae bloom 水华；藻类爆发 1. Algae bloom in the lake has killed many fish—we need to control pollution.（湖里的水华导致很多鱼死亡，我们需要治理污染。）2. Warm weather and excess nutrients in water can cause algae bloom.（温暖的天气和水中过量的营养物质会导致藻类爆发。） 13 take it for granted that… 认为……理所当然（it为形式宾语） 1. Many students take it for granted that their parents will always support them.（很多学生认为父母会一直支持自己，这是理所当然的。）2. We shouldn’t take it for granted that clean water is always available.（我们不应该认为干净的水随时都有，这是理所当然的。） 14 take one's help for granted 认为某人的帮助理所当然 1. Don’t take your friend’s help for granted—you should thank them.（不要认为朋友的帮助是理所当然的，你应该感谢他们。）2. He took his teacher’s extra guidance for granted and didn’t study hard.（他认为老师的额外辅导是理所当然的，所以没有努力学习。） 15 take life for granted 认为生命理所当然 1. We often take life for granted until we face health problems.（我们常常认为生命理所当然，直到遇到健康问题才醒悟。）2. We should cherish every day and not take life for granted.（我们应该珍惜每一天，不要认为生命理所当然。） 16 collect pine cones 收集松果 1. We went to the forest to collect pine cones for our art project.（我们去森林里收集松果，用来做手工课作业。）2. My grandma likes to collect pine cones because they look nice as decorations.（奶奶喜欢收集松果，因为它们做装饰品很好看。） 17 pine cone seeds 松果种子 1. Squirrels like to store pine cone seeds for winter food.（松鼠喜欢储存松果种子，作为冬天的食物。）2. We planted some pine cone seeds in the garden, and they sprouted last month.（我们在花园里种了一些松果种子，上个月它们发芽了。） 18 dry pine cones 干松果 1. Dry pine cones are often used to make Christmas decorations.（干松果常被用来做圣诞装饰品。）2. We put dry pine cones in a basket to decorate the living room.（我们把干松果放在篮子里，装饰客厅。） 19 roof tile 屋顶瓦片 1. Some roof tiles were blown off by the strong wind—we need to fix them.（一些屋顶瓦片被大风刮掉了，我们需要修理。）2. The old temple has red roof tiles that look very traditional.（这座古寺有红色的屋顶瓦片，看起来很有传统韵味。） 20 floor tile 地板瓷砖 1. Floor tiles in the kitchen are easy to clean—just wipe them with a damp cloth.（厨房的地板瓷砖很容易清洁，用湿布一擦就行。）2. We chose light-colored floor tiles to make the room look brighter.（我们选了浅色的地板瓷砖，让房间看起来更亮。） 21 ceramic tile 陶瓷瓦片 1. Ceramic tiles are durable and can be used for both roofs and floors.（陶瓷瓦片很耐用，既可以用于屋顶，也可以用于地面。）2. The bathroom walls are covered with blue ceramic tiles.（浴室的墙壁贴着蓝色的陶瓷瓦片。） 22 famous architect 著名建筑师 1. I.M. Pei is a famous architect who designed many iconic buildings.（贝聿铭是著名建筑师，他设计了很多标志性建筑。）2. The famous architect will give a lecture at our school next week.（这位著名建筑师下周将在我们学校做讲座。） 23 architect of the plan 计划的设计者 1. She is the architect of the city’s environmental protection plan.（她是这个城市环境保护计划的设计者。）2. The architect of the project explained his ideas to the team.（这个项目的设计者向团队解释了他的想法。） 24 architect's work 建筑师的作品 1. We visited the museum, which is one of the architect’s most famous works.（我们参观了这座博物馆，它是这位建筑师最著名的作品之一。）2. The architect’s work combines modern style with traditional elements.（这位建筑师的作品融合了现代风格和传统元素。） 25 mimic sb's voice 模仿某人的声音 1. The little boy can mimic his teacher’s voice perfectly—everyone laughs.（这个小男孩能完美模仿老师的声音，大家都笑了。）2. She likes to mimic her favorite singer’s voice when she sings.（她唱歌时喜欢模仿最喜欢的歌手的声音。） 26 mimic the behavior of animals 模仿动物的行为 1. The robot can mimic the behavior of animals like cats and dogs.（这个机器人能模仿猫、狗等动物的行为。）2. Children often mimic the behavior of animals they see in the zoo.（孩子们经常模仿在动物园里看到的动物的行为。） 27 mimic natural structures 模仿自然结构 1. The building’s design mimics natural structures like honeycombs.（这座建筑的设计模仿了蜂巢等自然结构。）2. Engineers mimic natural structures to make buildings stronger and more eco-friendly.（工程师模仿自然结构，让建筑更坚固、更环保。） 28 waterfront area 滨水区域 1. The city is developing the waterfront area into a new business and entertainment center.（这座城市正在把滨水区域开发成新的商业和娱乐中心。）2. The waterfront area is very crowded during weekends.（周末时，滨水区域非常热闹。） 29 waterfront park 滨水公园 1. We had a picnic in the waterfront park and watched the sunset over the river.（我们在滨水公园野餐，欣赏河边的日落。）2. The waterfront park has a long path for people to walk or ride bikes.（滨水公园有一条长步道，供人们散步或骑自行车。） 30 city waterfront 城市滨水区 1. The city waterfront has many restaurants and cafes with river views.（城市滨水区有很多能看到河景的餐厅和咖啡馆。）2. The government spent a lot of money renovating the city waterfront.（政府花了很多钱翻新城市滨水区。） 31 coastal promenade 滨海步行道 1. We walked along the coastal promenade and felt the sea breeze on our faces.（我们沿着滨海步行道散步，脸上吹着海风。）2. The coastal promenade is a popular place for locals to exercise in the morning.（滨海步行道是当地人早上锻炼的热门地点。） 32 walk along the promenade 沿着步行道散步 1. My grandparents walk along the promenade every evening after dinner.（爷爷奶奶每天晚饭后都会沿着步行道散步。）2. We walked along the promenade and took photos of the sea.（我们沿着步行道散步，拍了很多海景照片。） 33 seaside promenade 海边步行道 1. The seaside promenade is lined with palm trees—it looks like a tropical resort.（海边步行道两旁种满了棕榈树，看起来像热带度假村。）2. There are many street performers on the seaside promenade during holidays.（假期时，海边步行道上有很多街头艺人。） 34 plumbing system 管道系统 1. The old house’s plumbing system is broken—we need to replace it.（这栋老房子的管道系统坏了，我们需要更换。）2. The plumbing system in this building supplies both hot and cold water.（这栋楼的管道系统既供应热水，也供应冷水。） 35 plumbing problems 管道问题 1. We called a plumber to fix the plumbing problems in our bathroom.（我们叫了水管工来修理浴室的管道问题。）2. Plumbing problems can cause water waste if not fixed in time.（管道问题如果不及时修理，会造成水资源浪费。） 36 fix the plumbing 修理管道 1. My dad knows how to fix the plumbing—he saved us a lot of money.（爸爸会修理管道，帮我们省了很多钱。）2. We need to fix the plumbing before the rainy season comes.（我们需要在雨季来临前修理好管道。） 37 superb view 极好的景色 1. We climbed to the top of the mountain and enjoyed a superb view of the valley below.（我们爬到山顶，欣赏到了山谷下方极好的景色。）2. The hotel room has a superb view of the ocean—we can see the sunrise every morning.（酒店房间能看到极好的海景，我们每天早上都能看日出。） 38 superb performance 出色的表现 1. The actor gave a superb performance in the movie—he won an award for it.（这位演员在电影中的表现很出色，还因此获奖了。）2. Our team’s superb performance in the competition surprised everyone.（我们队在比赛中的出色表现让所有人都很惊讶。） 39 superb skills 精湛的技巧 1. The chef showed his superb skills by making a beautiful fruit carving.（这位厨师通过制作精美的水果雕刻，展示了他精湛的技巧。）2. She has superb skills in playing the piano—she started learning when she was 5.（她弹钢琴的技巧很精湛，5岁就开始学了。） 40 biomimicry technology 仿生技术 1. Biomimicry technology is used to design airplane wings that look like bird wings.（仿生技术被用来设计类似鸟翼的飞机机翼。）2. The new robot uses biomimicry technology to move like a human.（这款新机器人采用仿生技术，能像人一样移动。） 41 application of biomimicry 仿生学的应用 1. The application of biomimicry in medicine has helped develop better medical devices.（仿生学在医学上的应用，帮助研发了更好的医疗设备。）2. We learned about the application of biomimicry in our science class.（我们在科学课上学到了仿生学的应用。） 42 study biomimicry 研究仿生学 1. Many scientists study biomimicry to find solutions for environmental problems.（很多科学家研究仿生学，以寻找解决环境问题的方法。）2. She decided to study biomimicry in college because she is interested in nature and technology.（她决定在大学研究仿生学，因为她对自然和科技都感兴趣。） 43 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 1. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.（植物在光合作用中吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。）2. Burning fossil fuels produces a lot of carbon dioxide, which causes global warming.（燃烧化石燃料会产生大量二氧化碳，导致全球变暖。） 44 sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 1. Factories need to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions to protect the air.（工厂需要减少二氧化硫排放，以保护空气。）2. Sulfur dioxide can react with water in the air to form acid rain.（二氧化硫能与空气中的水反应，形成酸雨。） 45 nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮 1. Nitrogen dioxide is mainly produced by car exhaust and factory emissions.（二氧化氮主要来自汽车尾气和工厂排放。）2. High levels of nitrogen dioxide in the air are bad for people’s respiratory health.（空气中二氧化氮含量过高，对人体呼吸系统健康有害。） 46 convert into 转变为（如convert water into steam（把水变成蒸汽）） 1. We can convert water into steam by heating it.（我们可以通过加热把水变成蒸汽。）2. The machine can convert waste into energy.（这台机器能把废物转变成能源。） 47 convert solar energy into electricity 把太阳能转换成电能 1. Many houses now use solar panels to convert solar energy into electricity.（现在很多家庭使用太阳能电池板，把太阳能转换成电能。）2. The project aims to build more power plants that convert solar energy into electricity.（这个项目旨在建造更多将太阳能转换成电能的发电厂。） 48 convert a building into a house 把一栋建筑改造成住宅 1. They converted an old factory into a modern house with a big garden.（他们把一座旧工厂改造成了带大花园的现代住宅。）2. The government plans to convert some old office buildings into affordable houses.（政府计划把一些旧办公楼改造成经济适用房。） 49 scientific frontier 科学前沿 1. Scientists are always exploring the scientific frontier to make new discoveries.（科学家们一直在探索科学前沿，以取得新发现。）2. The research on quantum computing is at the scientific frontier.（量子计算的研究处于科学前沿。） 50 frontier of medicine 医学前沿 1. The frontier of medicine includes research on gene therapy and AI diagnosis.（医学前沿包括基因治疗和人工智能诊断的研究。）2. Doctors from all over the world gather to discuss the frontier of medicine every year.（每年，来自世界各地的医生都会聚在一起讨论医学前沿。） 51 explore the frontier 探索前沿 1. Young scientists are eager to explore the frontier of science and technology.（年轻科学家渴望探索科技前沿。）2. This research project will help us explore the frontier of environmental protection.（这个研究项目将帮助我们探索环境保护前沿。） 52 fish pond 鱼塘 1. My uncle has a fish pond in his backyard—he raises carp and goldfish.（叔叔家后院有一个鱼塘，养了鲤鱼和金鱼。）2. The fish pond is surrounded by willow trees—it looks very peaceful.（鱼塘四周种着柳树，看起来很宁静。） 53 lotus pond 荷花池 1. The lotus pond in the temple is more than 100 years old.（这座寺庙里的荷花池有100多年历史了。）2. We often go to the lotus pond to watch dragonflies in summer.（夏天我们经常去荷花池看蜻蜓。） 54 small pond 小池塘 1. There is a small pond in the park where children like to feed ducks.（公园里有一个小池塘，孩子们喜欢在那里喂鸭子。）2. Frogs sing loudly in the small pond at night.（晚上，小池塘里的青蛙大声鸣叫。） 55 sow wheat seeds 播小麦种子 1. Farmers usually sow wheat seeds in autumn and harvest in summer.（农民通常在秋天播小麦种子，夏天收割。）2. We helped the farmer sow wheat seeds during our school trip.（学校旅行时，我们帮农民播了小麦种子。） 56 sow in spring 在春天播种 1. Spring is a good time to sow—many plants grow well if sown in spring.（春天是播种的好时节，很多植物在春天播种会长得很好。）2. My grandma likes to sow vegetables in spring, like tomatoes and cucumbers.（奶奶喜欢在春天种蔬菜，比如西红柿和黄瓜。） 57 sow the seeds of friendship 播下友谊的种子 1. We should be kind to others to sow the seeds of friendship.（我们应该善待他人，播下友谊的种子。）2. The exchange program helped sow the seeds of friendship between students from two countries.（这个交流项目帮助两国学生播下了友谊的种子。） 58 traditional wisdom 传统智慧 1. Traditional wisdom tells us to save food and not waste resources.（传统智慧告诉我们要节约粮食，不浪费资源。）2. We should learn from traditional wisdom to live in harmony with nature.（我们应该学习传统智慧，与自然和谐共处。） 59 wisdom of experience 经验的智慧 1. The old man shared the wisdom of experience with the young people.（老人把经验的智慧分享给了年轻人。）2. The wisdom of experience helps us avoid making the same mistakes.（经验的智慧帮助我们避免犯同样的错误。） 60 pass on wisdom 传承智慧 1. Parents and teachers have the responsibility to pass on wisdom to the next generation.（父母和老师有责任把智慧传承给下一代。）2. The old storyteller passes on wisdom through folk tales.（这位老说书人通过民间故事传承智慧。） 61 seek solutions to problems 寻求问题的解决方法 1. We need to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems.（我们需要共同努力，寻求环境问题的解决方法。）2. The meeting was held to seek solutions to the company’s financial problems.（这次会议旨在寻求公司财务问题的解决方法。） 62 seek practical solutions to 寻求……的切实解决方法 1. The government is trying to seek practical solutions to the housing problem.（政府正努力寻求住房问题的切实解决方法。）2. We should seek practical solutions to daily life problems instead of just complaining.（我们应该寻求日常生活问题的切实解决方法，而不是只抱怨。） 63 seek effective solutions to pollution 寻求污染的有效解决方法 1. Scientists are researching to seek effective solutions to air pollution.（科学家正在研究，寻求空气污染的有效解决方法。）2. International cooperation is needed to seek effective solutions to global pollution.（需要国际合作，寻求全球污染的有效解决方法。） 64 take inspiration from nature 从自然中获取灵感 1. The designer took inspiration from nature and created a dress with flower patterns.（设计师从自然中获取灵感，设计了一件带花纹的裙子。）2. Many inventors take inspiration from nature to create new products.（很多发明家从自然中获取灵感，创造新产品。） 65 take inspiration from history 从历史中获取灵感 1. The writer took inspiration from history and wrote a novel about ancient China.（这位作家从历史中获取灵感，写了一本关于中国古代的小说。）2. Architects often take inspiration from historical buildings to design new ones.（建筑师经常从历史建筑中获取灵感，设计新建筑。） 66 take inspiration from great works 从优秀作品中获取灵感 1. The painter took inspiration from great works of art and created his own style.（这位画家从优秀艺术作品中获取灵感，形成了自己的风格。）2. Students should read more great works to take inspiration from them.（学生应该多阅读优秀作品，从中获取灵感。） 67 employ effective methods 运用有效方法 1. Teachers should employ effective methods to help students learn better.（老师应该运用有效方法，帮助学生更好地学习。）2. The company employed effective methods to improve work efficiency.（这家公司运用有效方法提高了工作效率。） 68 employ practical skills 运用实用技巧 1. You need to employ practical skills to solve this technical problem.（你需要运用实用技巧来解决这个技术问题。）2. The training course teaches students to employ practical skills in daily life.（这个培训课程教学生在日常生活中运用实用技巧。） 69 employ new technology 使用新技术 1. The factory decided to employ new technology to reduce production costs.（这家工厂决定使用新技术，降低生产成本。）2. Schools are starting to employ new technology like smart boards in classrooms.（学校开始在教室使用智能黑板等新技术。） 70 fruit bat 果蝠 1. Fruit bats mainly eat fruits and play an important role in spreading seeds.（果蝠主要以水果为食，在传播种子方面发挥重要作用。）2. We saw a group of fruit bats flying in the forest at dusk.（黄昏时，我们看到一群果蝠在森林里飞。） 71 bat's echo-location 蝙蝠的回声定位 1. A bat’s echo-location helps it find food and avoid obstacles in the dark.（蝙蝠的回声定位帮助它在黑暗中寻找食物和避开障碍物。）2. We learned about the bat’s echo-location in our biology class.（我们在生物课上学到了蝙蝠的回声定位。） 72 flying bat 飞行的蝙蝠 1. Flying bats can be seen in the park at night—they are not dangerous to humans.（晚上在公园能看到飞行的蝙蝠，它们对人类没有危险。）2. The children watched the flying bats with curiosity.（孩子们好奇地看着飞行的蝙蝠。） 73 echo-location system 回声定位系统 1. Submarines use echo-location systems to detect underwater objects.（潜艇使用回声定位系统探测水下物体。）2. The new echo-location system is more accurate than the old one.（这款新的回声定位系统比旧款更精准。） 74 use echo-location 使用回声定位 1. Some blind people use devices that use echo-location to navigate.（一些盲人使用能进行回声定位的设备来导航。）2. Dolphins also use echo-location to communicate and find food.（海豚也使用回声定位来交流和寻找食物。） 75 radar system 雷达系统 1. The airport’s radar system monitors all planes in the airspace.（机场的雷达系统监控空域内所有的飞机。）2. The new radar system can detect small objects from a long distance.（这款新的雷达系统能远距离探测小物体。） 76 military radar 军用雷达 1. Military radar is used to detect enemy aircraft and missiles.（军用雷达用于探测敌机和导弹。）2. The country has upgraded its military radar to improve national defense.（该国升级了军用雷达，以加强国防。） 77 radar detection 雷达探测 1. Radar detection helped the coast guard find the lost ship.（雷达探测帮助海岸警卫队找到了失踪的船只。）2. Radar detection is an important tool in weather forecasting—it can track storms.（雷达探测是天气预报的重要工具，能追踪风暴。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $