Unit 5 Learning from nature 词汇拓展短语背记（二）清单-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语UNIT 5“Learning from nature”词汇拓展短语背记清单，涵盖81个核心短语，涉及自然现象、生活场景、抽象概念等范畴，通过“短语-释义-中英例句”的结构，搭建从词汇记忆到语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单按主题分类呈现知识体系，如“dragonfly wings”“spider web”等自然相关短语，搭配科学家研究应用的例句，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。“purity of heart”等短语结合文化意识渗透，每个短语配生活实例，如“rent a cottage”贴近日常场景，便于学生自主理解记忆。教师可利用例句设计语境练习，提升课堂教学实效，助力不同水平学生高效掌握词汇应用。

UNIT 5 Learning from nature.词汇拓展短语背记（二） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 women's swimsuit 女士泳衣 1. She bought a new women's swimsuit for her beach vacation.（她为海滩度假买了一件新的女士泳衣。）2. The women's swimsuit in this shop comes in various colors and styles.（这家店的女士泳衣有多种颜色和款式。） 2 put on a swimsuit 穿上泳衣 1. Remember to put on a swimsuit before going into the swimming pool.（进泳池前记得穿上泳衣。）2. She quickly put on her swimsuit and ran towards the sea.（她快速穿上泳衣，朝大海跑去。） 3 beach swimsuit 沙滩泳衣 1. This beach swimsuit is made of quick-drying fabric, very suitable for the seaside.（这款沙滩泳衣是速干面料，很适合海边。）2. She chose a bright-colored beach swimsuit to take photos by the sea.（她选了一件亮色沙滩泳衣，好在海边拍照。） 4 dragonfly wings 蜻蜓翅膀 1. Dragonfly wings are thin and transparent, looking very beautiful in the sun.（蜻蜓翅膀薄而透明，在阳光下看起来很美。）2. The scientist studied the structure of dragonfly wings to design better aircraft wings.（科学家研究蜻蜓翅膀的结构，以设计更好的飞机机翼。） 5 catch dragonflies 捉蜻蜓 1. When I was a child, I often went to the park to catch dragonflies with my friends.（小时候，我常和朋友去公园捉蜻蜓。）2. Don't catch dragonflies—they are beneficial insects that eat mosquitoes.（别捉蜻蜓，它们是吃蚊子的益虫。） 6 dragonfly over the pond 池塘上方的蜻蜓 1. We sat by the lake and watched dragonflies over the pond fly back and forth.（我们坐在湖边，看着池塘上方的蜻蜓飞来飞去。）2. Dragonflies over the pond are a common sight in summer.（池塘上方的蜻蜓是夏天常见的景象。） 7 military drone 军用无人机 1. Military drones are often used for reconnaissance and surveillance missions.（军用无人机常用于侦察和监视任务。）2. The country has developed advanced military drones to enhance its national defense.（该国研发了先进的军用无人机，以加强国防。） 8 drone photography 无人机摄影 1. He used drone photography to record the beautiful scenery of his hometown.（他用无人机摄影记录了家乡的美景。）2. Drone photography has become popular in travel and real estate industries.（无人机摄影在旅游和房地产行业越来越受欢迎。） 9 control a drone 操控无人机 1. You need to take a training course to learn how to control a drone safely.（你需要参加培训课程，学习如何安全操控无人机。）2. He practiced for a month and finally learned to control a drone skillfully.（他练习了一个月，终于学会熟练操控无人机。） 10 spider web 蜘蛛网 1. After the rain, spider webs with water droplets on them looked like crystal nets.（雨后，沾着水珠的蜘蛛网像水晶网一样。）2. A small bird got stuck in the spider web and struggled to get free.（一只小鸟被困在蜘蛛网上，努力挣脱。） 11 poisonous spider 毒蜘蛛 1. There are some poisonous spiders in the rainforest—we need to stay away from them.（雨林里有一些毒蜘蛛，我们要远离它们。）2. The doctor told us what to do if we are bitten by a poisonous spider.（医生告诉我们如果被毒蜘蛛咬伤该怎么办。） 12 spider's silk 蜘蛛丝 1. Spider's silk is very strong—scientists are trying to use it to make new materials.（蜘蛛丝强度很高，科学家正尝试用它制作新材料。）2. The spider uses its silk to build webs and catch prey.（蜘蛛用蜘蛛丝结网捕捉猎物。） 13 family physician 家庭医生 1. Our family physician knows the health history of every member in our family.（我们的家庭医生了解家里每个人的健康史。）2. We usually consult our family physician first when we feel unwell.（身体不舒服时，我们通常先咨询家庭医生。） 14 see a physician 看医生 1. If you have a fever that lasts for days, you should see a physician immediately.（如果发烧持续好几天，你应该马上看医生。）2. She went to see a physician because of her persistent headache.（她因为持续头痛去看医生了。） 15 skilled physician 熟练的医生 1. The skilled physician successfully treated the patient's rare disease.（这位熟练的医生成功治疗了病人的罕见病。）2. We are lucky to have such a skilled physician in our community hospital.（我们很幸运，社区医院里有这样一位熟练的医生。） 16 look superficially 表面上看 1. Look superficially, this problem seems easy, but it's actually very complex.（表面上看，这个问题很简单，其实很复杂。）2. Don't judge a person by looking superficially—you need to know them well.（不要表面上看人，你需要深入了解他们。） 17 understand superficially 肤浅地理解 1. Many students understand the text superficially and can't grasp its deep meaning.（很多学生肤浅地理解课文，无法把握深层含义。）2. We should read carefully to avoid understanding the author's intention superficially.（我们要仔细阅读，避免肤浅地理解作者的意图。） 18 examine superficially 表面检查 1. The mechanic only examined the car superficially and didn't find the hidden problem.（机械师只对汽车做了表面检查，没发现隐藏的故障。）2. The teacher examined the students' homework superficially and marked the obvious mistakes.（老师表面检查了学生的作业，标出了明显的错误。） 19 bow to sb 向某人鞠躬 1. In Japanese culture, people usually bow to each other when they meet or say goodbye.（在日本文化中，人们见面或告别时通常会向对方鞠躬。）2. The actor bowed to the audience after his wonderful performance.（演员精彩表演后，向观众鞠躬致意。） 20 bow politely 礼貌地鞠躬 1. He bowed politely to the elderly lady and helped her cross the road.（他礼貌地向老奶奶鞠躬，然后帮她过马路。）2. The waiter bowed politely and asked if we needed more drinks.（服务员礼貌地鞠躬，询问我们是否需要再加饮品。） 21 bow one's head 低下头；鞠躬 1. She bowed her head in prayer before eating.（吃饭前，她低下头祈祷。）2. The student bowed his head and apologized for being late.（学生低下头，为迟到道歉。） 22 rural areas 农村地区 1. The government is increasing investment in education and medical care in rural areas.（政府正在加大对农村地区教育和医疗的投入。）2. Many young people are returning to rural areas to start their own businesses.（很多年轻人回到农村地区创业。） 23 rural life 农村生活 1. My grandfather enjoys rural life—he grows vegetables and raises chickens in his yard.（爷爷喜欢农村生活，在院子里种菜养鸡。）2. Rural life is quiet and peaceful, with fresh air and beautiful scenery.（农村生活安静祥和，空气清新，风景优美。） 24 rural development 农村发展 1. Rural development needs to balance economic growth and environmental protection.（农村发展需要平衡经济增长和环境保护。）2. The construction of rural roads has promoted rural development greatly.（农村公路的建设极大地促进了农村发展。） 25 decent salary 不错的薪水 1. This job offers a decent salary and good welfare benefits.（这份工作提供不错的薪水和良好的福利待遇。）2. He works hard to earn a decent salary to support his family.（他努力工作，赚取不错的薪水养家。） 26 decent living 体面的生活 1. Everyone has the right to pursue a decent living through their own efforts.（每个人都有权通过自己的努力追求体面的生活。）2. The policy helps low-income families improve their living conditions and live a decent living.（这项政策帮助低收入家庭改善生活条件，过上体面的生活。） 27 decent chance 相当好的机会 1. He got a decent chance to study abroad, which he had been looking forward to.（他得到了一个相当好的出国留学机会，这是他一直期待的。）2. Don't miss this decent chance to show your talents.（别错过这个展示你才华的相当好的机会。） 28 country cottage 乡村小屋 1. They bought a small country cottage in the mountains for weekend getaways.（他们在山里买了一间小乡村小屋，用于周末度假。）2. The country cottage is surrounded by green trees and colorful flowers.（乡村小屋四周绿树环绕，鲜花盛开。） 29 cottage in the woods 森林里的小屋 1. We rented a cottage in the woods for a week and enjoyed the quiet nature.（我们在森林里租了一间小屋住了一周，享受宁静的自然。）2. The story is about a little girl who lives in a cottage in the woods with her grandmother.（这个故事讲述了一个小女孩和奶奶住在森林里的小屋的故事。） 30 rent a cottage 租一间小屋 1. We plan to rent a cottage near the lake this summer vacation.（今年暑假，我们计划在湖边租一间小屋。）2. Renting a cottage is more affordable than staying in a hotel for a long time.（长期居住的话，租一间小屋比住酒店更划算。） 31 speak deliberately 从容地说话 1. He speaks deliberately, making sure every word is clear and easy to understand.（他从容地说话，确保每个字都清晰易懂。）2. The teacher asked the student to speak deliberately instead of rushing.（老师让学生从容地说话，不要着急。） 32 act deliberately 从容地行动 1. In an emergency, we should act deliberately instead of panicking.（遇到紧急情况，我们应该从容地行动，而不是恐慌。）2. She acted deliberately, checking every detail before submitting the report.（她从容地行动，提交报告前检查了每一个细节。） 33 walk deliberately 慢悠悠地走 1. The old man walked deliberately along the path, enjoying the afternoon sun.（老人沿着小路慢悠悠地走，享受午后的阳光。）2. We walked deliberately through the park, stopping to watch the children play.（我们慢悠悠地穿过公园，时不时停下来看孩子们玩耍。） 34 withdraw from the competition 退出比赛 1. He had to withdraw from the competition because of a knee injury.（因为膝盖受伤，他不得不退出比赛。）2. The team decided to withdraw from the competition due to insufficient preparation.（由于准备不足，这支队伍决定退出比赛。） 35 withdraw from a team 退出团队 1. She withdrew from the debate team because she had too much schoolwork.（因为学业太重，她退出了辩论队。）2. After the argument, he withdrew from the team and started working alone.（争吵过后，他退出了团队，开始独自工作。） 36 withdraw one's proposal 撤回提议 1. After listening to everyone's opinions, he decided to withdraw his proposal.（听取了大家的意见后，他决定撤回自己的提议。）2. The company withdrew its proposal to build a factory here because of local opposition.（由于当地居民反对，公司撤回了在这里建厂的提议。） 37 domestic animals 家畜 1. Farmers raise domestic animals like chickens, ducks and pigs to increase their income.（农民饲养鸡、鸭、猪等家畜，以增加收入。）2. Domestic animals provide humans with food, such as meat and eggs.（家畜为人类提供食物，如肉和蛋。） 38 domestic cats 家猫 1. Domestic cats are popular pets—they are cute and easy to take care of.（家猫是很受欢迎的宠物，它们可爱又好照顾。）2. My domestic cat likes to sleep on the sofa and play with a ball of yarn.（我家的家猫喜欢在沙发上睡觉，还喜欢玩毛线球。） 39 domestic dogs 家犬 1. Domestic dogs are loyal companions—they can protect their owners and bring joy.（家犬是忠诚的伙伴，它们能保护主人，带来欢乐。）2. Many families keep domestic dogs to guard their homes or play with children.（很多家庭养家犬看家，或陪孩子玩耍。） 40 depressive mood 抑郁情绪 1. Long-term stress can lead to a depressive mood—we need to adjust our mindset in time.（长期压力可能导致抑郁情绪，我们需要及时调整心态。）2. Talking to friends or family can help relieve a depressive mood.（和朋友或家人聊天有助于缓解抑郁情绪。） 41 depressive symptoms 抑郁症状 1. Common depressive symptoms include low mood, loss of interest and poor sleep.（常见的抑郁症状包括情绪低落、失去兴趣和睡眠不佳。）2. If you have depressive symptoms for more than two weeks, seek professional help.（如果抑郁症状持续两周以上，请寻求专业帮助。） 42 depressive disorder 抑郁症 1. Depressive disorder is a common mental illness that can be treated with medication and therapy.（抑郁症是常见的精神疾病，可通过药物和心理治疗缓解。）2. We should care about people with depressive disorder and avoid discriminating against them.（我们应该关心抑郁症患者，避免歧视他们。） 43 be reluctant to do sth 不情愿做某事 1. He was reluctant to tell his parents about his failure in the exam.（他不情愿把考试失败的事告诉父母。）2. She is reluctant to move to a new city because she doesn't want to leave her friends.（她不情愿搬到新城市，因为不想离开朋友。） 44 be reluctant to help 不情愿帮忙 1. Don't be reluctant to help others—kindness can be passed on.（不要不情愿帮忙，善意是可以传递的。）2. He was reluctant to help at first, but finally agreed after we explained the situation.（他起初不情愿帮忙，但我们解释情况后，他最终同意了。） 45 be reluctant to leave 不情愿离开 1. The children were reluctant to leave the amusement park—they wanted to play one more ride.（孩子们不情愿离开游乐园，还想再玩一次游乐设施。）2. She was reluctant to leave her hometown and move to a big city for work.（她不情愿离开家乡，去大城市工作。） 46 depart from the airport 从机场出发 1. Our flight will depart from Beijing Capital Airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow.（我们的航班明天下午3点从北京首都机场出发。）2. Please arrive early to check in before the plane departs from the airport.（请提前到达，在飞机从机场出发前办理登机手续。） 47 depart for Beijing 前往北京 1. They will depart for Beijing next Monday to attend an important meeting.（他们下周一将前往北京参加一个重要会议。）2. We need to pack our luggage tonight because we depart for Beijing tomorrow.（我们明天前往北京，今晚需要收拾行李。） 48 depart early in the morning 清晨离开 1. We departed early in the morning to avoid traffic jams on the highway.（我们清晨离开，以避开高速公路上的交通拥堵。）2. The train departs early in the morning, so we have to get up at 5 o'clock.（火车清晨离开，所以我们得5点起床。） 49 country lane 乡间小路 1. The country lane is lined with rape flowers, which are golden in spring.（乡间小路两旁种满了油菜花，春天一片金黄。）2. We walked along the country lane and breathed in the fresh rural air.（我们沿着乡间小路走，呼吸着新鲜的农村空气。） 50 narrow lane 窄路 1. The narrow lane is too small for two cars to pass at the same time.（这条窄路太窄，两辆车无法同时通过。）2. There are many old houses on both sides of the narrow lane in the ancient town.（古镇的窄路两旁有很多老房子。） 51 walk along the lane 沿着小路走 1. We walked along the lane after dinner and chatted about our daily life.（晚饭后，我们沿着小路走，聊起了日常生活。）2. She likes to walk along the lane alone, listening to her favorite music.（她喜欢独自沿着小路走，听着自己喜欢的音乐。） 52 atop the mountain 在山顶上 1. Atop the mountain, we could see the entire city spread out below us.（在山顶上，我们能看到整座城市在下方展开。）2. They put up a flag atop the mountain to mark their successful climb.（他们在山顶上插了一面旗，纪念登山成功。） 53 atop the building 在楼顶 1. There is a helipad atop the building for emergency use.（楼顶有一个直升机停机坪，供紧急情况使用。）2. We went atop the building to watch the sunset—it was a beautiful sight.（我们去楼顶看日落，景色很美。） 54 atop a hill 在小山顶上 1. There is an old temple atop a hill, which has a history of over 500 years.（小山顶上有一座古老的寺庙，有500多年历史了。）2. We had a picnic atop a hill and enjoyed the beautiful view of the surrounding countryside.（我们在小山顶上野餐，欣赏周围乡村的美景。） 55 mulberry tree 桑树 1. There is a big mulberry tree in our backyard—it bears sweet fruits every summer.（我家后院有一棵大桑树，每年夏天都结甜果子。）2. Mulberry trees are often planted in rural areas because their leaves can feed silkworms.（农村常种桑树，因为桑叶可以喂蚕。） 56 fresh mulberries 新鲜桑葚 1. Fresh mulberries are sweet and juicy—they are one of my favorite fruits.（新鲜桑葚又甜又多汁，是我最喜欢的水果之一。）2. We bought a basket of fresh mulberries from the farmer's market.（我们从农贸市场买了一篮新鲜桑葚。） 57 pick mulberries 摘桑葚 1. Last weekend, we went to the countryside to pick mulberries with our classmates.（上周末，我们和同学去乡下摘桑葚。）2. Be careful not to stain your clothes when you pick mulberries—their juice is dark.（摘桑葚时小心别弄脏衣服，果汁颜色很深。） 58 purity of heart 心灵的纯洁 1. Children have the purity of heart—they always treat others with kindness and honesty.（孩子们有心灵的纯洁，他们总是友善、诚实地对待别人。）2. Her poems reflect the purity of heart and her love for life.（她的诗歌体现了心灵的纯洁和对生活的热爱。） 59 purity of water 水的纯净 1. The purity of water in this mountain spring is very high—you can drink it directly.（这口山泉的水纯净度很高，可以直接喝。）2. We need to protect the environment to ensure the purity of water resources.（我们需要保护环境，确保水资源的纯净。） 60 symbol of purity 纯洁的象征 1. The lotus flower is a symbol of purity in many Eastern cultures.（在很多东方文化中，莲花是纯洁的象征。）2. White doves are often used as a symbol of purity and peace.（白鸽常被用作纯洁与和平的象征。） 61 resign oneself to failure 安于失败 1. Don't resign oneself to failure—learn from your mistakes and try again.（不要安于失败，从错误中学习，重新努力。）2. He refused to resign himself to failure and kept practicing until he succeeded.（他不愿安于失败，一直练习到成功为止。） 62 resign oneself to the fact 安于事实 1. We have to resign ourselves to the fact that some things can't be changed.（我们不得不安于有些事情无法改变的事实。）2. She finally resigned herself to the fact that she didn't get the job.（她最终安于自己没得到那份工作的事实。） 63 resign oneself to staying at home 安于待在家里 1. Because of the rain, we had to resign ourselves to staying at home and watching movies.（因为下雨，我们不得不安于待在家里看电影。）2. He resigned himself to staying at home during the holiday to help his mom with housework.（假期里，他安于待在家里帮妈妈做家务。） 64 botanical garden 植物园 1. We visited the botanical garden last Sunday and saw many rare plants from around the world.（上周日我们参观了植物园，看到了很多来自世界各地的稀有植物。）2. The botanical garden holds a flower exhibition every spring, attracting many visitors.（植物园每年春天举办花展，吸引很多游客。） 65 botanical research 植物学研究 1. He devotes himself to botanical research, especially the study of medicinal plants.（他致力于植物学研究，尤其是药用植物的研究。）2. The university has a laboratory dedicated to botanical research.（这所大学有一个专门用于植物学研究的实验室。） 66 botanical specimens 植物标本 1. The students collected leaves and flowers to make botanical specimens in biology class.（生物课上，学生们采集树叶和花朵制作植物标本。）2. The museum has a large collection of botanical specimens dating back to the 19th century.（这家博物馆收藏了大量19世纪的植物标本。） 67 reject an offer 拒绝提议 1. She rejected the company's offer because the working hours were too long.（她拒绝了那家公司的提议，因为工作时间太长。）2. He rejected the offer of help because he wanted to solve the problem by himself.（他拒绝了帮助，因为想自己解决问题。） 68 reject a plan 拒绝计划 1. The committee rejected the plan because it was too expensive and unrealistic.（委员会拒绝了这个计划，因为它成本太高且不切实际。）2. We need to modify the plan based on the feedback instead of letting others reject it.（我们需要根据反馈修改计划，而不是让别人拒绝它。） 69 reject sb's advice 拒绝某人的建议 1. Don't easily reject others' advice—they may have more experience than you.（不要轻易拒绝别人的建议，他们可能比你有更多经验。）2. He regretted rejecting his teacher's advice and making a big mistake.（他后悔拒绝了老师的建议，犯了一个大错。） 70 sense of ease 舒适感 1. Lying on the soft bed after a long day's work, I felt a strong sense of ease.（工作了一整天后躺在柔软的床上，我感到强烈的舒适感。）2. The warm sunlight and gentle breeze brought a sense of ease to everyone in the park.（温暖的阳光和轻柔的微风给公园里的每个人带来了舒适感。） 71 live in ease 过着悠闲的生活 1. After retiring, my grandparents live in ease—they go for walks and grow flowers every day.（退休后，爷爷奶奶过着悠闲的生活，每天散步、养花。）2. He works hard now so that he can live in ease when he gets old.（他现在努力工作，以便年老时能过着悠闲的生活。） 72 with ease 容易地；轻松地 1. He studied hard, so he passed the exam with ease.（他学习很努力，所以轻松地通过了考试。）2. The experienced worker can repair the machine with ease.（这位有经验的工人能轻松地修理这台机器。） 73 be at ease with sb 和某人相处不拘束 1. She is outgoing and can be at ease with anyone she meets.（她性格开朗，和任何认识的人相处都不拘束。）2. It took him a while to be at ease with his new classmates.（他花了一段时间才和新同学相处不拘束。） 74 feel at ease with strangers 和陌生人相处不紧张 1. After taking the public speaking course, she can feel at ease with strangers.（参加完演讲课程后，她和陌生人相处不再紧张。）2. Smiling and greeting others can help you feel at ease with strangers.（微笑和打招呼能帮助你和陌生人相处不紧张。） 75 be at ease with oneself 自我感觉放松 1. She does yoga every morning to be at ease with herself and relieve stress.（她每天早上做瑜伽，让自己感觉放松，缓解压力。）2. Accepting your own shortcomings can help you be at ease with yourself.（接受自己的缺点能帮助你自我感觉放松。） 76 attain a goal 实现目标 1. As long as you keep working hard, you will eventually attain your goal.（只要坚持努力，你最终会实现自己的目标。）2. They made a detailed plan to help them attain their sales goal this year.（他们制定了详细的计划，帮助实现今年的销售目标。） 77 attain success 获得成功 1. Attaining success requires not only talent but also hard work and persistence.（获得成功不仅需要天赋，还需要努力和坚持。）2. He attained great success in his career by seizing every opportunity.（他通过抓住每一个机会，在事业上获得了巨大成功。） 78 attain knowledge 获取知识 1. We can attain knowledge through reading, studying and practicing.（我们可以通过阅读、学习和实践获取知识。）2. The school provides students with various resources to help them attain knowledge.（学校为学生提供各种资源，帮助他们获取知识。） 79 sense of fulfilment 满足感 1. Helping others solve their problems gives me a strong sense of fulfilment.（帮助别人解决问题给我带来强烈的满足感。）2. Completing a difficult task successfully can bring a sense of fulfilment.（成功完成一项困难的任务能带来满足感。） 80 achieve fulfilment 获得满足感 1. Many people achieve fulfilment by pursuing their hobbies and passions.（很多人通过追求自己的爱好和热情获得满足感。）2. She achieved fulfilment in her work by helping her team reach new heights.（她通过帮助团队达到新高度，在工作中获得了满足感。） 81 fulfilment in life 生活中的满足感 1. Fulfilment in life doesn't come from wealth alone, but also from happiness and health.（生活中的满足感不仅仅来自财富，还来自快乐和健康。）2. He found fulfilment in life by traveling around the world and meeting different people.（他通过环游世界、认识不同的人，找到了生活中的满足感。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $