摘要:
该高中英语Unit 5“ A delicate world”词汇知识清单系统梳理了生态、环境与人类关系主题下的56个核心词汇,涵盖名词、动词、形容词及短语,构建了从“基础词义理解”到“语境应用拓展”再到“跨学科关联”的三层学习支架,助力学生夯实语言根基。
清单通过分类归类、分级标注和语境链接等方式呈现知识体系,如将“habitat”“conservation”等高频考点设为三星重点,并用例句强化其在环保话题中的实际运用,体现语言能力与文化意识的融合。特别设计“单词速记口诀”和“核心考点提示卡”,如“inhabit”记忆技巧为“栖居某地生物”,帮助学生快速掌握易混词义;同时提供“比较结构”“搭配规律”等实用提示,提升思维品质与学习效率,既方便学生自主复习,也便于教师精准施教,实现教学评一体化。
内容正文:
UNIT 5 A delicate world.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
halfway /ˌhɑːfˈweɪ/ adj. 中间的,半途的
无
1. halfway through(在……中途,如halfway through the movie)2. halfway point(中点)
“半途的,中间位置的”
We stopped halfway through the hike to rest and drink some water.(徒步旅行到一半时,我们停下来休息喝水。)
2
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 显著地
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 戏剧性的;显著的
1. change dramatically(显著变化,如population change)2. increase dramatically(大幅增加)
“显著地,变化幅度大”
The city's skyline has changed dramatically since the new skyscrapers were built.(新摩天大楼建成后,这座城市的天际线发生了显著变化。)
3
inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ n. 栖居的动物;居民
inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ v. 居住于;栖居在
1. forest inhabitants(森林栖居动物)2. local inhabitants(当地居民)
“栖居在某地的生物”
Deer and rabbits are common inhabitants of this national park.(鹿和兔子是这座国家公园常见的栖居动物。)
4
penguin /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/ n. 企鹅
无
1. emperor penguin(帝企鹅)2. Antarctic penguins(南极企鹅)
“南极地区的不会飞的鸟类”
Penguins use their wings to swim fast in the ocean but cannot fly in the sky.(企鹅用翅膀在海里快速游泳,但不能在天空飞翔。)
5
habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地
无
1. natural habitat(自然栖息地)2. destroy sb's habitat(破坏某人/某物的栖息地)
“生物生存的自然环境”
Deforestation is destroying the natural habitat of many rainforest animals.(森林砍伐正在破坏许多雨林动物的自然栖息地。)
6
rat /ræt/ n. 大老鼠
无
1. city rats(城市大老鼠)2. rat trap(捕鼠夹)
“体型较大的啮齿类动物”
Rats often hide in dark, dirty places and carry harmful germs.(大老鼠常躲在阴暗肮脏的地方,携带有害细菌。)
7
subsequently /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/ adv. 后来,随后
subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ adj. 随后的;继后的
1. subsequently do sth(后来做某事,如subsequently move)2. in the subsequent years(在随后的几年里)
“时间上的‘之后’”
She graduated from university and subsequently found a job at a software company.(她大学毕业后,随后在一家软件公司找到了工作。)
8
appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ n. 胃口,食欲
appetizing /ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/ adj. 开胃的;诱人的
1. lose one's appetite(没胃口,如lose appetite due to illness)2. have a good appetite(胃口好)
“进食的欲望”
The strong smell of the medicine made her lose her appetite for lunch.(药的浓烈气味让她没胃口吃午饭。)
9
multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v.(使)大大增加,(使)倍增;乘
multiplication /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 乘法;增加
1. multiply rapidly(迅速增加,如bacteria multiply)2. multiply by(乘以,如3 multiply by 4 is 12)
“数量激增或数学乘法”
Without natural enemies, the number of rabbits in this area multiplied rapidly.(由于没有天敌,该地区兔子的数量迅速增加。)
10
vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 植物,草木(总称,不可数)
无
1. dense vegetation(茂密的植被)2. tropical vegetation(热带植被)
“某地区植物的总称”
The valley is covered with dense vegetation, making it hard to walk through.(山谷被茂密的植被覆盖,难以穿行。)
11
erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/ n. 侵蚀;腐蚀
erode /ɪˈrəʊd/ v. 侵蚀;腐蚀
1. soil erosion(土壤侵蚀)2. coastal erosion(海岸侵蚀)
“自然力对地表的破坏”
Overgrazing by sheep has caused serious soil erosion on the grassland.(羊群过度啃食导致草原出现严重的土壤侵蚀。)
12
parakeet /ˈpærəkiːt/ n. 长尾(小)鹦鹉
无
1. colorful parakeets(彩色长尾鹦鹉)2. pet parakeet(宠物长尾鹦鹉)
“小型、长尾的鹦鹉品种”
We saw a group of colorful parakeets flying among the trees in the zoo.(我们在动物园里看到一群彩色长尾鹦鹉在林间飞翔。)
13
chaos /ˈkeɪɒs/ n. 大混乱;紊乱
chaotic /keɪˈɒtɪk/ adj. 混乱的;无序的
1. fall into chaos(陷入混乱,如city fall into chaos)2. create chaos(制造混乱)
“无序、混乱的状态”
The power outage caused chaos in the city, with traffic lights not working.(停电导致城市陷入混乱,交通信号灯无法正常工作。)
14
conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 保护;保存
conserve /kənˈsɜːv/ v. 保护;保存
1. wildlife conservation(野生动物保护)2. conservation of energy(能量守恒)
“对生物或资源的保护”
The government has set up a nature reserve for the conservation of endangered pandas.(政府建立了自然保护区,用于保护濒危大熊猫。)
15
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒
viral /ˈvaɪrəl/ adj. 病毒的;病毒性的
1. computer virus(电脑病毒)2. viral infection(病毒感染)
“引发疾病或破坏系统的微生物”
The doctor told her she had a viral cold and needed to rest at home.(医生告诉她得了病毒性感冒,需要在家休息。)
16
decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ v.(使)变小,(使)减少;/ˈdiːkriːs/ n. 减少
无
1. decrease by(减少了,如decrease by 30%)2. decrease in number(数量减少)
“数量或程度的下降”
The number of students choosing to study art has decreased by 20% this year.(今年选择学艺术的学生数量减少了20%。)
17
trap /træp/ n. 夹子,陷阱;v. 困住;使陷入
无
1. mouse trap(捕鼠夹)2. fall into a trap(陷入陷阱)
“捕捉动物的工具或困境”
The farmer set a trap in the field to catch the foxes that stole his chickens.(农民在田里设了陷阱,捕捉偷鸡的狐狸。)
18
departure /dɪˈpɑːtʃə/ n. 离开;出发
depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ v. 离开;出发
1. departure time(出发时间,如train departure time)2. after departure(离开后)
“离开某地的行为或时间”
We must arrive at the airport 90 minutes before the flight's departure time.(我们必须在航班出发前90分钟到达机场。)
19
immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ n. 免疫力;豁免权
immune /ɪˈmjuːn/ adj. 免疫的;豁免的
1. immune system(免疫系统)2. develop immunity to(对……产生免疫力)
“身体抵抗疾病的能力”
Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help improve your immunity to colds.(规律运动和均衡饮食有助于提高你对感冒的免疫力。)
20
explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/ v. 突然增加;爆炸
explosion /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ n. 爆炸;激增
1. explode in number(数量激增,如tourists explode)2. bomb explode(炸弹爆炸)
“数量突然增多或物体爆炸”
The demand for face masks exploded during the epidemic.(疫情期间,口罩的需求量激增。)
21
collapse /kəˈlæps/ v. 倒坍;塌下;n. 倒塌;崩溃
无
1. building collapse(建筑物倒塌)2. collapse from fatigue(因疲劳倒下)
“物体倒塌或人体力不支”
The old factory building collapsed after the heavy rain soaked its weak walls.(大雨浸湿了破旧的墙体后,这座老厂房倒塌了。)
22
substantial /səbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj. 大量的,多的;重大的
substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ n. 物质;实质
1. substantial amount(大量,如substantial amount of money)2. substantial changes(重大变化)
“数量多或程度重要”
The company received a substantial donation to support its charity projects.(该公司收到了一笔大额捐款,用于支持其慈善项目。)
23
incident /ˈɪnsɪd(ə)nt/ n. 事件;事变
incidental /ˌɪnsɪˈdentl/ adj. 偶然的;附带的
1. traffic incident(交通事故)2. serious incident(严重事件)
“发生的具体事件,常指小事或意外”
The police are investigating a minor incident that happened in the shopping mall.(警方正在调查商场里发生的一起小事件。)
24
intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 干预,介入
intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/ v. 干预;介入
1. government intervention(政府干预,如in economy)2. intervention in(对……的干预)
“为改变状况而介入的行为”
The teacher's timely intervention stopped the argument between the two students from becoming a fight.(老师及时介入,阻止了两名学生的争吵升级为斗殴。)
25
owe /əʊ/ v. 应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠
无
1. owe sb sth(欠某人某物,如owe money)2. owe to(归功于,如owe success to hard work)
“有义务做或欠他人东西”
We owe a great deal to our parents for their love and support over the years.(我们多年来得益于父母的爱与支持,对此心怀感激。)
26
postscript /ˈpəʊstskrɪpt/ n. 附言,又及(缩写 P.S.)
无
1. add a postscript(加附言)2. P.S.(书信中的“附言”)
“书信或文章后的补充内容”
She added a postscript to her letter: "Don't forget to bring the book I lent you."(她在信后加了附言:“别忘了带上我借你的那本书。”)
27
pest /pest/ n. 有害小动物;害虫
pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/ n. 杀虫剂,农药
1. farm pests(农作物害虫,如locusts)2. pest control(害虫防治)
“危害作物或健康的生物”
Farmers use organic methods for pest control to avoid polluting the soil.(农民采用有机方法防治害虫,避免污染土壤。)
28
ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 生态;生态学
ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生态的;生态学的
1. ecology balance(生态平衡)2. study ecology(学习生态学)
“生物与环境的关系”
Human activities such as deforestation have a negative impact on ecology.(砍伐森林等人类活动对生态有负面影响。)
29
dissolve /dɪˈzɒlv/ v.(使)溶解;解散
dissolution /ˌdɪzəˈluːʃn/ n. 溶解;解散
1. dissolve in water(溶于水,如sugar dissolve)2. dissolve a meeting(解散会议)
“固体溶于液体或组织解散”
Salt dissolves more quickly in hot water than in cold water.(盐在热水中比在冷水中溶解得更快。)
30
nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ n. 养分,营养物
nutritious /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ adj. 有营养的;滋养的
1. essential nutrients(必需养分,如protein、vitamins)2. nutrient-rich food(富含营养的食物)
“维持生命的营养成分”
Fruits and vegetables provide essential nutrients that our bodies need to stay healthy.(水果和蔬菜提供身体维持健康所需的必需养分。)
31
comparison /kəmˈpærɪs(ə)n/ n. 比较;对比
compare /kəmˈpeə/ v. 比较;对比
1. in comparison with(与……相比,如in comparison with last year)2. make a comparison(进行比较)
“对比两者的异同”
In comparison with traditional books, e-books are more convenient to carry.(与传统书籍相比,电子书更便于携带。)
32
visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的;视力的
vision /ˈvɪʒn/ n. 视力;构想
1. visual effects(视觉效果,如in movies)2. visual aids(视觉辅助工具,如PPT)
“与视觉相关的”
The movie's amazing visual effects won it an award for best technical achievement.(这部电影出色的视觉效果为它赢得了最佳技术成就奖。)
33
session /ˈseʃ(ə)n/ n. 一段时间;会议
无
1. study session(学习时段,如evening study session)2. meeting session(会议场次)
“专注做某事的时间段”
We had a three-hour study session to review what we learned this week.(我们进行了三小时的学习,复习本周所学内容。)
34
on behalf of 代表;为了
无(短语)
on behalf of sb(代表某人,如on behalf of the team)
“代替某人做某事”
She gave a speech on behalf of all new employees at the welcome ceremony.(她在欢迎仪式上代表所有新员工发言。)
35
herbal /ˈhɜːb(ə)l/ adj. 用香(药)草制成的
herb /hɜːb/ n. 香草;草药
1. herbal tea(花草茶,如chamomile tea)2. herbal medicine(草药)
“含香草成分的”
She drinks a cup of herbal tea every night to help her sleep better.(她每晚喝一杯花草茶,帮助自己睡得更香。)
36
mysterious /mɪˈstɪəriəs/ adj. 神秘的;难以理解的
mystery /ˈmɪstəri/ n. 神秘;谜
1. mysterious place(神秘的地方,如ancient temple)2. mysterious smile(神秘的微笑)
“难以解释或理解的”
There have been many stories about the mysterious lights seen in the forest at night.(关于夜晚在森林里看到的神秘光亮,有很多传说。)
37
status /ˈsteɪtəs/ n. 地位;身份;状态
无
1. social status(社会地位)2. marital status(婚姻状况)
“个人的身份或事物的状态”
His new job has improved his social status and quality of life.(新工作提高了他的社会地位和生活质量。)
38
criterion /kraɪˈtɪəriən/ n. 标准,准则(复数 criteria /kraɪˈtɪəriə/)
criterial /kraɪˈtɪəriəl/ adj. 标准的(少见)
1. evaluation criterion(评价标准,如for students)2. meet the criterion(符合标准)
“判断事物的依据”
The main criterion for choosing this product is its quality, not its price.(选择这款产品的主要标准是质量,而非价格。)
39
prosper /ˈprɒspə/ v. 兴旺,发达;成功
prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/ adj. 繁荣的;成功的
1. prosper in business(生意兴旺)2. prosperous country(繁荣的国家)
“事业或国家的繁荣发展”
The small town has prospered since the new highway connected it to big cities.(自从新公路将小镇与大城市连接起来后,这里就兴旺起来了。)
40
rare /reə/ adj. 稀有的,罕见的;珍贵的
rarity /ˈreərəti/ n. 稀有;珍品
1. rare animal(稀有动物,如giant panda)2. rare opportunity(难得的机会)
“数量少或不常出现的”
This rare old book, published in the 19th century, is worth a lot of money.(这本19世纪出版的稀有旧书价值不菲。)
41
biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 生物的,与生物有关的
1. biology /baɪˈɒlədʒi/ n. 生物学2. biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家
1. biological clock(生物钟)2. biological research(生物研究)
“与生物学相关的”
Scientists are doing biological research on how plants adapt to dry weather.(科学家正在进行生物研究,探索植物如何适应干旱天气。)
42
apparently /əˈpærəntli/ adv. 据说;看来,似乎
apparent /əˈpærənt/ adj. 明显的;表面的
1. apparently true(似乎是真的)2. apparently, sb do sth(据说某人做了某事)
“根据表面情况判断”
Apparently, the company will announce a new product next month, according to insiders.(据内部人士透露,该公司下个月似乎将发布一款新产品。)
43
vast /vɑːst/ adj. 巨大的;广大的;大量的
无
1. vast area(广阔的区域,如desert)2. vast knowledge(渊博的知识)
“面积、数量或程度极大”
The vast ocean stretches as far as the eye can see from the coast.(从海岸望去,辽阔的大海一望无际。)
44
altitude /ˈæltɪtjuːd/ n. 海拔(高度);高处
无
1. high altitude(高海拔,如mountain top)2. altitude sickness(高原反应)
“某地高出海平面的高度”
Travelers may suffer from altitude sickness when they climb mountains above 3,000 meters.(旅行者攀登海拔3000米以上的山峰时,可能会出现高原反应。)
45
variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 差异;变化;变异
vary /ˈveəri/ v. 变化;不同
1. variation in(在……方面的差异,如temperature variation)2. genetic variation(基因变异)
“事物间的不同或变化”
There is a big variation in temperature between day and night in the desert.(沙漠地区昼夜温差很大。)
46
thrive /θraɪv/ v. 茁壮成长;兴旺发达
无
1. thrive in(在……中茁壮成长,如thrive in warm weather)2. thrive on(靠……兴旺,如business thrive on innovation)
“在适宜环境中蓬勃发展”
Tomatoes thrive in warm, sunny conditions with plenty of water.(西红柿在温暖、阳光充足且水分充足的环境中茁壮成长。)
47
fossil /ˈfɒs(ə)l/ n. 化石;老顽固
fossil fuel /ˈfɒsl fjuːəl/ n. 化石燃料(复合词)
1. dinosaur fossil(恐龙化石)2. fossil fuel(化石燃料,如coal、oil)
“古代生物的石化残骸”
Scientists discovered a well-preserved dinosaur fossil in this rock layer last year.(科学家去年在这层岩石中发现了一具保存完好的恐龙化石。)
48
floral /ˈflɔːrəl/ adj. 花的;花卉图案的
flower /ˈflaʊə/ n. 花;v. 开花
1. floral pattern(花卉图案,如on a dress)2. floral arrangement(插花;花艺)
“与花相关的或有花图案的”
She wore a white dress with a delicate floral pattern to the wedding.(她穿了一条带有精致花卉图案的白色连衣裙参加婚礼。)
49
vertebrate /ˈvɜːtbrit/ n. 脊椎动物
vertebral /ˈvɜːtbrəl/ adj. 脊椎的
1. mammalian vertebrates(哺乳类脊椎动物,如humans、dogs)2. aquatic vertebrates(水生脊椎动物,如fish)
“有脊椎骨的动物”
Birds, fish, and mammals are all vertebrates, while insects are not.(鸟类、鱼类和哺乳动物都是脊椎动物,而昆虫不是。)
50
beehive /ˈbiːhaɪv/ n. 蜂房,蜂箱
无
1. busy beehive(忙碌的蜂房)2. beekeeper's beehive(养蜂人的蜂箱)
“蜜蜂居住和储存蜂蜜的地方”
The beekeeper carefully collected honey from the beehive without disturbing the bees.(养蜂人小心翼翼地从蜂箱中取蜜,没有打扰蜜蜂。)
51
endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ adj. 濒临灭绝的
endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə/ v. 危及;使濒临灭绝
1. endangered species(濒危物种,如tigers、elephants)2. protect endangered animals(保护濒危动物)
“面临灭绝风险的”
The World Wildlife Fund is working to protect endangered species around the world.(世界自然基金会正致力于保护全球范围内的濒危物种。)
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elsewhere /ˌelsˈweə/ adv. 在别处;到别处
无
1. look elsewhere(去别处找,如look elsewhere for a job)2. live elsewhere(住在别处)
“不在当前地点,在其他地方”
If you can't find this book in our library, try looking elsewhere, like the city library.(如果在我们图书馆找不到这本书,试试去别处找,比如市图书馆。)
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invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 涌入;入侵
invade /ɪnˈveɪd/ v. 入侵;涌入
1. invasion of tourists(游客涌入,如during holidays)2. military invasion(军事入侵)
“大量进入或武力入侵”
The small coastal town faces an invasion of tourists every summer.(这座沿海小镇每年夏天都会迎来大量游客涌入。)
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coexist /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst/ v. 共存,共处;并存
coexistence /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪstəns/ n. 共存;共处
coexist with(与……共存,如coexist with nature)
“和平地一起存在”
Humans must learn to coexist with other species to maintain ecological balance.(人类必须学会与其他物种共存,以维持生态平衡。)
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secure /sɪˈkjʊə/ adj. 稳固的;安全的;v. 保护;获得
security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全;保障
1. secure job(稳定的工作)2. secure place(安全的地方)
“稳定不危险或能保障安全”
After years of hard work, she finally got a secure job in a government office.(经过多年努力,她终于在政府部门找到了一份稳定的工作。)
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greeting /ˈɡriːtɪŋ/ n. 问候,招呼;贺词
greet /ɡriːt/ v. 问候;迎接
1. warm greeting(热情的问候,如give a warm greeting)2. exchange greetings(互相问候)
“见面时的礼貌问候”
He gave me a warm greeting and asked about my family when we met on the street.(我们在街上相遇时,他热情地和我打招呼,并询问我家人的情况。)
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