Unit5 A delicate world.词汇拓展短语背记（一）-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

该高中英语UNIT 5 "A delicate world"词汇拓展短语背记清单，围绕生态环境与生物保护主题，涵盖动词短语、名词短语及固定搭配三大知识范畴，搭建从基础词汇记忆到主题语境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类与场景关联呈现知识体系，如"inhabitants"系列（forest, island, native）和"dramatically"搭配（change, increase, improve），体现完整性与条理性。每个短语配中英对照例句，如"meet halfway"用协议达成与家庭决策实例说明，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设计"subsequently"多义短语组（die, find, change），帮助不同学生掌握用法，既便利学生自主积累，也为教师教学提供系统短语资源。

UNIT 5 A delicate world.词汇拓展短语背记（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 halfway point 中点 1. The café is at the halfway point between my home and school.（这家咖啡馆在我家和学校的中点位置。）2. We stopped at the halfway point of the hike to rest.（我们在徒步的中点停下来休息。） 2 halfway through 中途（后接名词/代词） 1. He gave up halfway through the math exam.（他在数学考试中途放弃了。）2. We ran out of water halfway through our trip.（我们在旅行中途用完了水。） 3 meet halfway 折中，互相让步 1. To reach an agreement, both sides need to meet halfway.（要达成协议，双方都需要折中让步。）2. My parents and I met halfway on the vacation destination—we chose a place we all liked.（我和父母在度假目的地问题上折中，选了一个大家都喜欢的地方。） 4 change dramatically 显著变化 1. The city’s skyline has changed dramatically in the past five years.（过去五年，这座城市的天际线发生了显著变化。）2. Her attitude towards study changed dramatically after the talk with her teacher.（和老师谈话后，她对学习的态度发生了显著变化。） 5 increase dramatically 显著增加 1. The number of online orders increased dramatically during the shopping festival.（购物节期间，网上订单数量显著增加。）2. The temperature increased dramatically from morning to afternoon.（从早上到下午，气温显著升高。） 6 improve dramatically 显著改善 1. His English speaking skills improved dramatically after practicing every day.（每天练习后，他的英语口语能力显著改善。）2. The company’s sales performance improved dramatically this quarter.（本季度公司的销售业绩显著改善。） 7 forest inhabitants 森林栖居动物 1. Squirrels and deer are common forest inhabitants.（松鼠和鹿是常见的森林栖居动物。）2. Forest inhabitants rely on trees for food and shelter.（森林栖居动物依赖树木获取食物和栖息场所。） 8 island inhabitants 岛屿栖居动物 1. Seabirds are typical island inhabitants in this area.（海鸟是该地区典型的岛屿栖居动物。）2. The island inhabitants have adapted to the windy environment.（岛屿栖居动物已适应了多风的环境。） 9 native inhabitants 本地栖居动物 1. The panda is a native inhabitant of Sichuan, China.（熊猫是中国四川的本地栖居动物。）2. We should protect the natural habitat of native inhabitants.（我们应保护本地栖居动物的自然栖息地。） 10 Antarctic penguins 南极企鹅 1. Antarctic penguins can withstand extremely low temperatures.（南极企鹅能承受极低的温度。）2. Scientists often study Antarctic penguins to learn about climate change.（科学家常通过研究南极企鹅了解气候变化。） 11 emperor penguin 帝企鹅 1. The emperor penguin is the largest species of penguin.（帝企鹅是企鹅中体型最大的种类。）2. Emperor penguins breed in the coldest parts of Antarctica.（帝企鹅在南极最寒冷的区域繁殖。） 12 protect penguins 保护企鹅 1. We can protect penguins by reducing ocean pollution.（我们可以通过减少海洋污染来保护企鹅。）2. Many zoos take part in programs to protect penguins in the wild.（许多动物园参与保护野生企鹅的项目。） 13 natural habitat 自然栖息地 1. Deforestation has destroyed the natural habitat of many animals.（森林砍伐破坏了许多动物的自然栖息地。）2. This reserve was built to protect the natural habitat of red pandas.（这个保护区是为保护小熊猫的自然栖息地而建的。） 14 destroy habitat 破坏栖息地 1. Overfishing has destroyed the habitat of marine creatures.（过度捕捞破坏了海洋生物的栖息地。）2. Building too many factories will destroy the habitat of local birds.（建太多工厂会破坏当地鸟类的栖息地。） 15 protect habitat 保护栖息地 1. Planting native plants helps protect the habitat of insects and birds.（种植本地植物有助于保护昆虫和鸟类的栖息地。）2. We should take action to protect the habitat of endangered species.（我们应采取行动保护濒危物种的栖息地。） 16 city rats 城市大老鼠 1. City rats often hide in dark corners of restaurants and markets.（城市大老鼠常躲在餐馆和市场的阴暗角落。）2. City rats can carry diseases, so we need to control their number.（城市大老鼠可能携带疾病，因此我们需要控制它们的数量。） 17 catch rats 抓大老鼠 1. My grandpa used a wooden trap to catch rats in the old house.（爷爷用木制捕鼠夹在老房子里抓大老鼠。）2. The restaurant hired someone to catch rats to keep the kitchen clean.（餐馆雇人抓大老鼠，以保持厨房干净。） 18 rat infestation 鼠患 1. The old neighborhood had a serious rat infestation last winter.（去年冬天，这个老小区鼠患严重。）2. Poor waste management can lead to rat infestation.（垃圾管理不当会导致鼠患。） 19 subsequently die 随后死亡 1. The sick fish stopped eating and subsequently died.（生病的鱼停止进食，随后死亡。）2. Many trees in the forest were damaged by the storm and subsequently died.（森林里的许多树被暴风雨损坏，随后死亡。） 20 subsequently find 随后发现 1. She lost her necklace and subsequently found it under the sofa.（她丢了项链，随后在沙发底下找到了。）2. The police searched the area and subsequently found the missing wallet.（警方搜查了该区域，随后找到了丢失的钱包。） 21 subsequently change 随后改变 1. The company’s policy was criticized and subsequently changed.（该公司的政策受到批评，随后进行了修改。）2. His opinion on the matter subsequently changed after learning more facts.（了解更多事实后，他对这件事的看法随后改变了。） 22 lose appetite 失去食欲 1. She lost her appetite when she had a fever.（发烧时，她失去了食欲。）2. The bad smell in the kitchen made me lose my appetite.（厨房的异味让我失去了食欲。） 23 good appetite 好胃口 1. My little brother has a good appetite—he eats three bowls of rice every meal.（我弟弟胃口好，每餐吃三碗饭。）2. Doing more exercise can help you have a good appetite.（多运动能帮你拥有好胃口。） 24 increase appetite 增进食欲 1. A bowl of hot soup can increase your appetite on cold days.（冷天喝一碗热汤能增进食欲。）2. Eating small snacks between meals may not increase your appetite for dinner.（两餐之间吃小零食可能不会增进晚餐的食欲。） 25 multiply quickly 快速增加 1. Rabbits multiply quickly if there are no natural predators.（如果没有天敌，兔子会快速繁殖增加。）2. Weeds in the garden multiply quickly in summer.（夏天，花园里的杂草快速生长增加。） 26 multiply numbers 乘法运算 1. Students learn to multiply numbers in primary school.（学生在小学学习乘法运算。）2. He used a calculator to multiply large numbers.（他用计算器计算大数的乘法。） 27 multiply rapidly 迅速倍增 1. The number of smartphone users has multiplied rapidly in the past decade.（过去十年，智能手机用户数量迅速倍增。）2. Bacteria multiply rapidly in warm and humid environments.（细菌在温暖潮湿的环境中迅速繁殖倍增。） 28 dense vegetation 茂密植被 1. The rainforest is known for its dense vegetation.（热带雨林以茂密的植被闻名。）2. Dense vegetation provides shelter for many small animals.（茂密的植被为许多小动物提供栖息场所。） 29 tropical vegetation 热带植被 1. Tropical vegetation like palm trees grows well in warm climates.（棕榈树等热带植被在温暖气候中生长良好。）2. We saw many kinds of tropical vegetation during our trip to Hainan.（去海南旅行时，我们看到了多种热带植被。） 30 destroy vegetation 破坏植被 1. Building roads in the mountain will destroy a lot of vegetation.（在山区修路会破坏大量植被。）2. Wildfires often destroy vegetation and harm wildlife.（野火常破坏植被，危害野生动物。） 31 soil erosion 土壤侵蚀 1. Heavy rain can cause serious soil erosion on hillsides.（暴雨会导致山坡发生严重的土壤侵蚀。）2. Planting grass on bare land can prevent soil erosion.（在裸地上种草能防止土壤侵蚀。） 32 coastal erosion 海岸侵蚀 1. Rising sea levels have led to more serious coastal erosion.（海平面上升导致海岸侵蚀更加严重。）2. The government built breakwaters to reduce coastal erosion.（政府修建了防波堤以减少海岸侵蚀。） 33 prevent erosion 防止侵蚀 1. Using organic fertilizers can help prevent soil erosion.（使用有机肥有助于防止土壤侵蚀。）2. We need to take effective measures to prevent coastal erosion.（我们需要采取有效措施防止海岸侵蚀。） 34 colorful parakeets 彩色长尾鹦鹉 1. Colorful parakeets are popular pets because of their bright feathers.（彩色长尾鹦鹉因羽毛鲜艳，是很受欢迎的宠物。）2. We saw a group of colorful parakeets flying in the park.（我们在公园里看到一群彩色长尾鹦鹉飞过。） 35 wild parakeets 野生长尾鹦鹉 1. Wild parakeets usually live in forests and feed on fruits.（野生长尾鹦鹉通常生活在森林里，以水果为食。）2. The number of wild parakeets has decreased due to habitat loss.（由于栖息地丧失，野生长尾鹦鹉的数量减少了。） 36 keep parakeets 养长尾鹦鹉 1. My cousin likes to keep parakeets—he has three of them.（我表哥喜欢养长尾鹦鹉，他有三只。）2. When keeping parakeets, you need to clean their cages regularly.（养长尾鹦鹉时，你需要定期清理它们的笼子。） 37 fall into chaos 陷入混乱 1. The train station fell into chaos after the announcement of delayed trains.（宣布列车延误后，火车站陷入混乱。）2. The small town fell into chaos during the heavy snowstorm.（暴风雪期间，这个小镇陷入混乱。） 38 cause chaos 引发混乱 1. Spreading false information online can cause chaos in society.（在网上传播虚假信息会引发社会混乱。）2. The power outage caused chaos in the shopping mall.（停电在商场里引发了混乱。） 39 in chaos 处于混乱中 1. After the earthquake, the city was in chaos.（地震后，这座城市处于混乱中。）2. The classroom was in chaos when the teacher left for a few minutes.（老师离开几分钟后，教室处于混乱中。） 40 wildlife conservation 野生动物保护 1. Wildlife conservation is important for maintaining ecological balance.（野生动物保护对维持生态平衡很重要。）2. She volunteered at a wildlife conservation center during her summer vacation.（暑假期间，她在一家野生动物保护中心做志愿者。） 41 environmental conservation 环境保护 1. Schools should teach students about environmental conservation.（学校应教学生环境保护知识。）2. We can contribute to environmental conservation by reducing plastic use.（我们可以通过减少塑料使用为环境保护做贡献。） 42 promote conservation 促进保护 1. The organization holds activities to promote conservation of endangered species.（该组织举办活动，促进濒危物种的保护。）2. Media reports can help promote conservation of natural resources.（媒体报道能帮助促进自然资源的保护。） 43 spread virus 传播病毒 1. Coughing or sneezing without covering your mouth can spread the virus.（咳嗽或打喷嚏不捂嘴会传播病毒。）2. We should avoid close contact with sick people to prevent spreading the virus.（我们应避免与病人密切接触，防止病毒传播。） 44 virus infection 病毒感染 1. He was sent to the hospital because of a severe virus infection.（他因严重的病毒感染被送进医院。）2. Getting enough sleep can help your body fight against virus infection.（充足睡眠能帮助身体抵抗病毒感染。） 45 prevent virus 预防病毒 1. Washing hands with soap and water is an effective way to prevent the virus.（用肥皂和水洗手是预防病毒的有效方法。）2. Vaccination can help prevent certain types of virus.（接种疫苗能帮助预防某些类型的病毒。） 46 decrease by 10% 减少10% 1. The price of this product decreased by 10% during the sale.（这款产品在促销期间价格下降了10%。）2. The number of employees in the company decreased by 10% last year.（去年该公司员工数量减少了10%。） 47 decrease slowly 缓慢减少 1. The water level in the lake decreased slowly due to the dry weather.（由于天气干旱，湖里的水位缓慢下降。）2. The number of smokers in this city has decreased slowly in recent years.（近年来，这座城市的吸烟人数缓慢减少。） 48 decrease in number 数量减少 1. The birds in this area have decreased in number because of pollution.（由于污染，该地区鸟类的数量减少了。）2. The fish in the river have decreased in number due to overfishing.（由于过度捕捞，河里的鱼数量减少了。） 49 mouse trap 捕鼠夹 1. My mom placed a mouse trap in the kitchen to catch the mouse.（妈妈在厨房放了一个捕鼠夹抓老鼠。）2. The mouse trap is made of metal and is very effective.（这个捕鼠夹是金属做的，效果很好。） 50 set a trap 设陷阱 1. The hunter set a trap to catch wild rabbits.（猎人设了一个陷阱抓野兔。）2. Be careful not to step into the trap set for animals.（小心别踩到为动物设的陷阱。） 51 fall into a trap 落入陷阱 1. The fox fell into the trap set by the farmer.（狐狸落入了农夫设的陷阱。）2. Don’t fall into the trap of buying cheap but low-quality products.（别落入购买廉价劣质产品的陷阱。） 52 departure time 出发时间 1. Please check the departure time of your flight before going to the airport.（去机场前，请确认航班的出发时间。）2. The departure time of the train was delayed by 30 minutes.（火车的出发时间延迟了30分钟。） 53 delay departure 延误出发 1. Bad weather forced the airline to delay departure of all flights.（恶劣天气迫使航空公司延误所有航班的出发。）2. We had to delay departure because our friend was late.（因为朋友迟到，我们不得不延误出发。） 54 after departure 离开后 1. After departure of the train, we went to the waiting room to rest.（火车离开后，我们去候车室休息。）2. After departure of the guests, my mom started cleaning the house.（客人离开后，妈妈开始打扫房子。） 55 strengthen immunity 增强免疫力 1. Exercising regularly can strengthen your immunity to diseases.（规律运动能增强你对疾病的免疫力。）2. Eating fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins helps strengthen immunity.（吃富含维生素的水果和蔬菜有助于增强免疫力。） 56 immunity to disease 对疾病的免疫力 1. Babies get immunity to some diseases from their mothers.（婴儿从母亲那里获得对某些疾病的免疫力。）2. Vaccination can give you immunity to influenza.（接种疫苗能让你获得对流感的免疫力。） 57 weak immunity 免疫力弱 1. Elderly people often have weak immunity and are more likely to get sick.（老年人通常免疫力弱，更容易生病。）2. Lack of sleep can make your immunity weak.（睡眠不足会使你的免疫力变弱。） 58 explode in number 数量激增 1. The number of online shoppers has exploded in number since the rise of e-commerce.（电商兴起后，网购人数数量激增。）2. The number of cars in the city has exploded in number in the past decade.（过去十年，这座城市的汽车数量激增。） 59 population explode 人口激增 1. Some developing countries are facing problems caused by population explode.（一些发展中国家面临人口激增带来的问题。）2. Population explode may lead to shortages of food and water.（人口激增可能导致食物和水资源短缺。） 60 explode rapidly 迅速增加 1. The demand for face masks exploded rapidly during the pandemic.（疫情期间，口罩的需求迅速增加。）2. The popularity of this new app has exploded rapidly among young people.（这款新应用在年轻人中的受欢迎程度迅速增加。） 61 building collapse 建筑物倒塌 1. The old building collapse was caused by poor maintenance.（这座老建筑倒塌是由于维护不善造成的。）2. Rescuers rushed to the scene of the building collapse to save people.（救援人员赶赴建筑物倒塌现场救人。） 62 collapse suddenly 突然倒塌 1. The bridge collapsed suddenly during the heavy rain.（暴雨期间，这座桥突然倒塌。）2. The old wall collapsed suddenly, but no one was hurt.（这面老墙突然倒塌，但没有人受伤。） 63 roof collapse 屋顶倒塌 1. The roof collapse was caused by the heavy snow.（屋顶倒塌是由于积雪过重造成的。）2. They had to move out of the house after the roof collapse.（屋顶倒塌后，他们不得不搬出这所房子。） 64 substantial amount 大量（后接不可数名词） 1. He spent a substantial amount of time preparing for the exam.（他花了大量时间准备考试。）2. The project requires a substantial amount of money to complete.（这个项目需要大量资金才能完成。） 65 substantial changes 重大变化 1. The new policy will bring substantial changes to the education system.（新政策将给教育体系带来重大变化。）2. There have been substantial changes in his lifestyle since he quit smoking.（戒烟后，他的生活方式发生了重大变化。） 66 substantial help 大量帮助 1. Her teachers gave her substantial help with her college applications.（老师在她的大学申请方面给了她大量帮助。）2. We received substantial help from the community after the flood.（洪水后，我们从社区获得了大量帮助。） 67 traffic incident 交通事故 1. There was a traffic incident on the highway, causing a long traffic jam.（高速公路上发生了一起交通事故，造成长时间堵车。）2. The police arrived at the scene of the traffic incident immediately.（警方立即赶到交通事故现场。） 68 serious incident 严重事件 1. The fire was a serious incident that destroyed many houses.（这场火灾是一起严重事件，烧毁了许多房屋。）2. The school reported the serious incident to the local education department.（学校向当地教育部门报告了这起严重事件。） 69 report an incident 报告事件 1. You should report any incident of bullying to the teacher.（你应将任何欺凌事件报告给老师。）2. The witness called the police to report the incident.（目击者打电话给警方报告了这起事件。） 70 government intervention 政府干预 1. Government intervention was needed to stabilize the market.（需要政府干预来稳定市场。）2. The problem of high housing prices requires government intervention.（高房价问题需要政府干预。） 71 medical intervention 医疗干预 1. Timely medical intervention saved the patient’s life.（及时的医疗干预挽救了病人的生命。）2. The doctor recommended medical intervention to treat his illness.（医生建议通过医疗干预治疗他的病。） 72 need intervention 需要干预 1. The conflict between the two groups needs intervention from a third party.（这两个群体之间的冲突需要第三方干预。）2. The child’s bad behavior needs intervention from parents and teachers.（这个孩子的不良行为需要家长和老师的干预。） 73 owe sb. money 欠某人钱 1. I owe my friend 100 yuan for the concert ticket.（我欠朋友100元演唱会门票钱。）2. He owes the bank a lot of money because of his house loan.（由于房贷，他欠银行很多钱。） 74 owe thanks to 感谢（某人） 1. We owe thanks to our parents for their love and support.（我们要感谢父母的爱和支持。）2. She owes thanks to her teacher for helping her improve her grades.（她要感谢老师帮助她提高成绩。） 75 owe a duty 负有（某种）义务 1. Every citizen owes a duty to protect the environment.（每个公民都负有保护环境的义务。）2. Teachers owe a duty to help students develop good values.（教师负有帮助学生培养良好价值观的义务。） 76 postscript to a letter 信的附言 1. She added a postscript to her letter saying she would bring homemade cookies.（她在信的附言中说会带自制饼干。）2. The postscript to his letter made me laugh—it was about his pet dog.（他信中的附言让我笑了，内容是关于他的宠物狗的。） 77 add a postscript 加附言 1. Don’t forget to add a postscript if you have something else to say.（如果你还有别的事要说，别忘了加附言。）2. He added a postscript to the email after sending it—he used the “reply” function.（发完邮件后，他用“回复”功能加了附言。） 78 PS (postscript 缩写) 附言（书面常用） 1. PS: Don’t forget to bring your ID card to the meeting.（附言：别忘了带身份证去开会。）2. She wrote at the end of the note: PS: I left your book on the desk.（她在便条末尾写：附言：我把你的书放在桌子上了。） 79 agricultural pests 农业害虫 1. Farmers use pesticides to kill agricultural pests like locusts.（农民用杀虫剂杀害虫，如蝗虫。）2. Agricultural pests can damage crops and reduce harvests.（农业害虫会损害庄稼，降低收成。） 80 pest control 害虫防治 1. The company provides pest control services for homes and offices.（该公司为家庭和办公室提供害虫防治服务。）2. Pest control is very important for agricultural production.（害虫防治对农业生产非常重要。） 81 kill pests 杀害虫 1. We can use natural methods to kill pests without harmful chemicals.（我们可以用自然方法杀害虫，不用有害化学物质。）2. The gardener sprayed a safe solution to kill pests on the roses.（园丁喷了一种安全的药剂给玫瑰杀害虫。） 82 ecological balance 生态平衡（注：“ecology balance”表述不规范，正确为“ecological balance”） 1. Maintaining ecological balance is essential for human survival.（维持生态平衡对人类生存至关重要。）2. Destroying forests will break the ecological balance.（破坏森林会打破生态平衡。） 83 study ecology 研究生态学 1. She decided to study ecology in college to protect the environment.（她决定在大学学习生态学，以保护环境。）2. Scientists study ecology to understand the relationship between organisms and their environment.（科学家研究生态学，以了解生物与环境之间的关系。） 84 protect ecology 保护生态 1. We should protect ecology by reducing waste and saving energy.（我们应通过减少浪费、节约能源来保护生态。）2. Protecting ecology is a responsibility of every human being.（保护生态是每个人的责任。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $