Unit4 Breaking boundaries.词汇拓展短语背记（一）派生法背记单词-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

该高中英语Unit 4“Breaking boundaries”词汇拓展清单系统梳理了边界、统计、协助、疾病防控、奉献精神等主题下的84个高频短语与句型，涵盖语言能力提升所需的表达结构、文化意识相关的社会议题及思维品质培养的逻辑关联，构建了从基础记忆到语境应用的学习支架。 清单通过分类归类、难度分级和语境强化三重设计呈现知识体系，如将“tackle a problem”与“tackle with difficulties”对比标注易混点，并附带“处理问题 vs 应对困难”的使用提示，助力学生精准掌握动词搭配差异，体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设置“实用场景提示卡”，例如在“disinfect hands”后注明“疫情防护必备短语”，增强学习动机与实际运用意识，同时支持教师快速定位教学重点，实现差异化教学与自主复习双效合一。

UNIT 4 Breaking boundaries.词汇拓展短语背记（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 boundary between A and B A与B之间的分界线 1. The river forms the boundary between the two villages.（这条河是两个村庄之间的分界线。）2. There is a clear boundary between work and life for him.（对他来说，工作和生活之间有明确的分界线。） 2 cross the boundary 越过边界 1. You need a passport to cross the boundary between the two countries.（越过两国边界需要护照。）2. He accidentally crossed the boundary of the private garden.（他不小心越过了私人花园的界限。） 3 set a boundary 设定界限 1. Parents should set clear boundaries for their children's screen time.（父母应给孩子的屏幕使用时间设定明确界限。）2. The company set a boundary on the number of overtime hours.（公司对加班时长设定了界限。） 4 collect statistics 收集统计数据（复数） 1. We need to collect statistics on student satisfaction for the report.（我们需要收集学生满意度的统计数据用于报告。）2. The government collects statistics on population every ten years.（政府每十年收集一次人口统计数据。） 5 key statistic 关键统计数据 1. The key statistic in this research is the average income of residents.（这项研究中的关键统计数据是居民平均收入。）2. You should highlight the key statistic in your presentation.（你应在演示中突出关键统计数据。） 6 statistic about sth. 关于……的统计数据 1. She found a statistic about air pollution in the city.（她找到了一份关于该市空气污染的统计数据。）2. The book includes statistics about global climate change.（这本书包含全球气候变化的统计数据。） 7 assist sb. in doing sth. 协助某人做某事 1. The teacher assisted the students in completing the experiment.（老师协助学生完成实验。）2. He assisted his father in repairing the car over the weekend.（周末他协助父亲修理汽车。） 8 assist with sth. 协助处理某事 1. She volunteered to assist with the school sports meeting.（她自愿协助处理学校运动会的事务。）2. The new employee assists with daily office work.（新员工协助处理日常办公事务。） 9 give assistance to sb. 给某人提供帮助 1. The organization gives assistance to people in need.（该组织给有需要的人提供帮助。）2. He gave assistance to his classmate with math homework.（他帮同学补习数学作业。） 10 tackle a problem 处理一个问题 1. We need to find effective ways to tackle the traffic problem.（我们需要找到有效方法处理交通问题。）2. She tackled the math problem with patience.（她耐心地处理这道数学题。） 11 tackle with difficulties 应对困难 1. Everyone should learn to tackle with difficulties bravely.（每个人都应学会勇敢应对困难。）2. With the help of his friends, he tackled with difficulties easily.（在朋友帮助下，他轻松应对了困难。） 12 tackle the issue 解决这个问题 1. The government held a meeting to tackle the environmental issue.（政府召开会议解决环境问题。）2. We must tackle the issue of food waste immediately.（我们必须立即解决食物浪费问题。） 13 be vital to sth. 对……极其重要 1. Fresh water is vital to all living things.（淡水对所有生物都极其重要。）2. Honesty is vital to building trust between people.（诚实对人与人之间建立信任极其重要。） 14 be vital for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事至关重要 1. It is vital for students to develop good study habits.（学生培养良好学习习惯至关重要。）2. It is vital for us to protect the environment.（我们保护环境至关重要。） 15 vital information 重要信息 1. The police need vital information to solve the case.（警方需要重要信息破案。）2. She wrote down the vital information in her notebook.（她把重要信息记在了笔记本上。） 16 comrade in arms 战友 1. He and his comrade in arms fought side by side in the war.（他和战友在战争中并肩作战。）2. The old soldier often meets with his comrades in arms.（这位老兵常和战友们相聚。） 17 dear comrade 亲爱的同志 1. "Dear comrades, let's work together for our goal!" he said.（“亲爱的同志们，让我们为目标共同努力！”他说道。）2. The leader greeted the workers with "Dear comrades".（领导用“亲爱的同志们”向工人们问好。） 18 comrade worker 工友 1. He discussed the work plan with his comrade workers.（他和工友们讨论工作计划。）2. The comrade workers helped each other finish the task.（工友们互相帮助完成任务。） 19 tragic event 悲惨事件 1. The earthquake was a tragic event that killed many people.（地震是一场造成多人死亡的悲惨事件。）2. The whole country was sad about the tragic event.（全国人民都为这场悲惨事件感到悲痛。） 20 tragic ending 悲惨结局 1. The novel has a tragic ending that made readers cry.（这本小说的悲惨结局让读者落泪。）2. We didn't expect the film to have such a tragic ending.（我们没料到这部电影会有如此悲惨的结局。） 21 tragic story 悲惨故事 1. She told a tragic story about a poor family.（她讲了一个关于贫困家庭的悲惨故事。）2. The tragic story touched everyone's heart.（这个悲惨故事触动了每个人的心。） 22 Ebola virus 埃博拉病毒（固定搭配） 1. The Ebola virus is a highly dangerous infectious virus.（埃博拉病毒是一种极具危险性的传染性病毒。）2. Scientists are studying ways to fight the Ebola virus.（科学家正在研究对抗埃博拉病毒的方法。） 23 Ebola outbreak 埃博拉爆发 1. The Ebola outbreak in that region was controlled quickly.（该地区的埃博拉爆发很快得到了控制。）2. The government took measures to prevent another Ebola outbreak.（政府采取措施防止再次发生埃博拉爆发。） 24 prevent Ebola 预防埃博拉 1. We should learn how to prevent Ebola by washing hands often.（我们应学习通过勤洗手预防埃博拉。）2. Medical workers taught local people to prevent Ebola.（医护人员教当地人预防埃博拉。） 25 combat diseases 抑制疾病 1. Vaccines help combat many infectious diseases.（疫苗帮助抑制多种传染病。）2. Good living habits can combat diseases effectively.（良好的生活习惯能有效抑制疾病。） 26 combat poverty 对抗贫困 1. The country has taken many measures to combat poverty.（该国采取了多项措施对抗贫困。）2. Education is an important way to combat poverty.（教育是对抗贫困的重要途径。） 27 combat with pollution 与污染作斗争 1. Everyone should take action to combat with pollution.（每个人都应采取行动与污染作斗争。）2. The company invested money to combat with water pollution.（该公司投资治理水污染。） 28 relieve a colleague 给同事换班 1. She relieved her colleague so he could have lunch.（她给同事换班，让他能去吃午饭。）2. He often relieves his colleague on Friday afternoons.（他常在周五下午给同事换班。） 29 relieve the guard 给卫兵换班 1. The new soldier arrived to relieve the guard at midnight.（新士兵在午夜赶来给卫兵换班。）2. It's his turn to relieve the guard today.（今天该他去给卫兵换班了。） 30 relieve sb. of duty 免除某人职务 1. The manager was relieved of duty because of his mistake.（经理因失误被免除职务。）2. The officer was relieved of duty for violating the rules.（该官员因违规被免除职务。） 31 medical specialist 医学专家 1. We should see a medical specialist for this rare illness.（这种罕见疾病我们应咨询医学专家。）2. The hospital invited a famous medical specialist to give lectures.（医院邀请了一位著名医学专家来讲课。） 32 specialist in sth. ……方面的专家 1. He is a specialist in cardiology and has rich experience.（他是心脏病学专家，有丰富经验。）2. She wants to become a specialist in children's education.（她想成为儿童教育方面的专家。） 33 consult a specialist 咨询专家 1. My mother consulted a specialist about her back pain.（妈妈就背痛咨询了专家。）2. You'd better consult a specialist before taking this medicine.（服用这种药前，你最好咨询专家。） 34 infectious disease 传染病 1. Measles is a common infectious disease among children.（麻疹是儿童常见的传染病。）2. We should wear masks to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.（我们应戴口罩防止传染病传播。） 35 be infectious 具有传染性 1. The flu is highly infectious, so we should keep a distance.（流感传染性很强，我们应保持距离。）2. This virus is infectious, so patients need to be isolated.（这种病毒具有传染性，患者需隔离。） 36 infectious virus 传染性病毒 1. The laboratory is studying this new infectious virus.（实验室正在研究这种新型传染性病毒。）2. An infectious virus broke out in the small town.（一种传染性病毒在小镇爆发。） 37 medical clinic 医疗诊所 1. There is a medical clinic near our community.（我们社区附近有一家医疗诊所。）2. He went to the medical clinic to get a flu shot.（他去医疗诊所打流感疫苗。） 38 visit a clinic 去诊所 1. She visits the clinic every month for a health check.（她每月去诊所做健康检查。）2. He visited a clinic when he had a fever.（他发烧时去了诊所。） 39 school clinic 学校医务室 1. The school clinic provides first-aid for students.（学校医务室为学生提供急救服务。）2. I went to the school clinic to treat my injured finger.（我去学校医务室处理受伤的手指。） 40 disinfect hands 给手消毒 1. We must disinfect our hands before eating to stay healthy.（为了健康，我们饭前必须给手消毒。）2. The nurse taught the children how to disinfect their hands properly.（护士教孩子们如何正确给手消毒。） 41 disinfect surfaces 给物体表面消毒 1. Please disinfect surfaces like tables and chairs every day.（请每天给桌椅等物体表面消毒。）2. The cleaner uses disinfectant to disinfect surfaces in the classroom.（清洁工用消毒剂给教室物体表面消毒。） 42 disinfect medical equipment 给医疗设备消毒 1. Medical workers must disinfect medical equipment before use.（医护人员使用前必须给医疗设备消毒。）2. The hospital has strict rules to disinfect medical equipment.（医院有严格的医疗设备消毒规定。） 43 outbreak of a disease 疾病爆发 1. The outbreak of COVID-19 affected people all over the world.（新冠疫情的爆发影响了全球人民。）2. The government took quick action to control the outbreak of the disease.（政府迅速采取行动控制疾病爆发。） 44 prevent an outbreak 预防爆发 1. We can prevent an outbreak by wearing masks and washing hands.（我们可以通过戴口罩、洗手预防疫情爆发。）2. The community did a good job to prevent an outbreak of the flu.（社区在预防流感爆发方面做得很好。） 45 recent outbreak 近期爆发 1. The recent outbreak of the virus has been brought under control.（近期的病毒爆发已得到控制。）2. The newspaper reported on the recent outbreak in the city.（报纸报道了该市近期的疫情爆发。） 46 devotion to sth. 对……的奉献 1. Her devotion to teaching won the respect of students.（她对教学的奉献赢得了学生的尊重。）2. His devotion to research made him successful.（他对研究的奉献使他取得了成功。） 47 great devotion 极大的奉献 1. The doctor showed great devotion to saving patients.（这位医生在拯救患者方面表现出极大的奉献。）2. We should learn from their great devotion to public service.（我们应学习他们对公共服务的极大奉献。） 48 devotion to family 对家庭的投入 1. His devotion to family made him work hard every day.（他对家庭的投入让他每天努力工作。）2. The mother's devotion to family is touching.（这位母亲对家庭的投入令人感动。） 49 clean up vomit 清理呕吐物 1. The nurse helped clean up the patient's vomit.（护士帮忙清理了患者的呕吐物。）2. Please wear gloves when cleaning up vomit to avoid infection.（清理呕吐物时请戴手套，避免感染。） 50 vomit caused by illness 疾病引起的呕吐物 1. The doctor examined the vomit caused by illness to find the cause.（医生检查了疾病引起的呕吐物以查找病因。）2. We need to dispose of the vomit caused by illness properly.（我们需要妥善处理疾病引起的呕吐物。） 51 vomit fluid 呕吐液 1. The patient could only drink water because he kept throwing up vomit fluid.（患者因持续呕吐液，只能喝水。）2. The nurse collected the vomit fluid for testing.（护士收集呕吐液用于检测。） 52 work a miracle 创造奇迹 1. The doctor worked a miracle and saved the dying patient.（医生创造了奇迹，拯救了病危患者。）2. With hard work, they worked a miracle and finished the project on time.（通过努力，他们创造了奇迹，按时完成了项目。） 53 medical miracle 医学奇迹 1. The successful operation is considered a medical miracle.（这次成功的手术被视为医学奇迹。）2. The development of this new drug is a medical miracle.（这种新药的研发是一项医学奇迹。） 54 a miracle happen 奇迹发生 1. We waited and hoped for a miracle to happen.（我们等待并希望奇迹发生。）2. No one expected a miracle to happen, but it did.（没人预料到奇迹会发生，但它真的发生了。） 55 delivery van 送货车 1. The delivery van brought our online shopping packages this morning.（送货车今早送来了我们的网购包裹。）2. The company bought a new delivery van to improve efficiency.（公司买了一辆新送货车以提高效率。） 56 passenger van 客运小型货车 1. We rented a passenger van to take our family on a trip.（我们租了一辆客运小型货车带家人去旅行。）2. The passenger van can carry up to 8 people.（这辆客运小型货车最多可载8人。） 57 drive a van 开小型货车 1. He learned to drive a van to help his father with the business.（他学会开小型货车，帮父亲打理生意。）2. You need a special license to drive a large van.（开大型小型货车需要特殊驾照。） 58 twin sisters 双胞胎姐妹 1. My class has a pair of twin sisters—they look exactly the same.（我们班有一对双胞胎姐妹，长得一模一样。）2. The twin sisters usually wear the same clothes.（这对双胞胎姐妹通常穿一样的衣服。） 59 twin brothers 双胞胎兄弟 1. The twin brothers both like playing basketball.（这对双胞胎兄弟都喜欢打篮球。）2. It's hard to tell the twin brothers apart.（很难区分这对双胞胎兄弟。） 60 twin cities 双子城 1. Wuhan and Changsha are often called twin cities because of their close relationship.（武汉和长沙因关系密切，常被称为双子城。）2. The twin cities have carried out many cooperation projects.（这对双子城开展了多项合作项目。） 61 hospital ward 医院病房 1. The patient was taken to the hospital ward after the operation.（患者手术后被送到医院病房。）2. The hospital ward is clean and tidy to help patients recover.（医院病房干净整洁，帮助患者康复。） 62 children's ward 儿科病房 1. The children's ward is decorated with colorful pictures to cheer kids up.（儿科病房装饰着彩色图画，让孩子们开心。）2. Her daughter stayed in the children's ward for a week.（她女儿在儿科病房住了一周。） 63 isolation ward 隔离病房 1. Patients with infectious diseases are treated in the isolation ward.（传染病患者在隔离病房接受治疗。）2. The isolation ward has special equipment to prevent virus spread.（隔离病房有特殊设备防止病毒传播。） 64 compensate for sth. 弥补某事 1. He worked extra hours to compensate for his absence yesterday.（他加班以弥补昨天的缺勤。）2. The company offered a gift to compensate for the delayed delivery.（公司赠送礼物以弥补送货延迟。） 65 compensate sb. for sth. 因某事赔偿某人 1. The restaurant compensated us for the bad food.（餐厅因食物变质赔偿了我们。）2. The airline compensated passengers for the flight delay.（航空公司因航班延误赔偿了乘客。） 66 compensate with money 用钱补偿 1. The factory compensated the workers with money for the injury.（工厂用钱补偿受伤的工人。）2. They compensated us with money for the damaged goods.（他们用钱补偿我们受损的货物。） 67 collaborate with sb. 与某人合作 1. Our school collaborates with a foreign school on educational projects.（我们学校与一所外国学校合作开展教育项目。）2. She collaborated with her friend to write a story.（她和朋友合作写了一个故事。） 68 collaborate on a project 合作一个项目 1. The two companies collaborated on a new technology project.（两家公司合作开展一个新技术项目。）2. We collaborated on a research project with university professors.（我们和大学教授合作开展一个研究项目。） 69 collaborate with a team 与团队协作 1. He learned to collaborate with a team during the summer camp.（他在夏令营期间学会了与团队协作。）2. To finish the task well, we need to collaborate with the design team.（要做好这项任务，我们需要与设计团队协作。） 70 realistic goal 切实可行的目标 1. Setting a realistic goal helps you make steady progress.（设定切实可行的目标有助于你稳步前进。）2. His realistic goal is to pass the English exam this time.（他切实可行的目标是这次通过英语考试。） 71 be realistic about sth. 对某事保持现实态度 1. We should be realistic about our abilities and not aim too high.（我们应对自己的能力保持现实态度，不要目标过高。）2. She is realistic about the difficulty of the project.（她对这个项目的难度保持现实态度。） 72 realistic plan 实际的计划 1. We need to make a realistic plan based on our current situation.（我们需要根据现状制定实际的计划。）2. The realistic plan helped us complete the work on time.（实际的计划帮助我们按时完成了工作。） 73 ethnic minority 少数民族 1. China has 55 ethnic minorities with their own cultures.（中国有55个少数民族，各有独特文化。）2. The government protects the traditional culture of ethnic minorities.（政府保护少数民族的传统文化。） 74 in the minority 占少数 1. People who support this idea are in the minority.（支持这个想法的人占少数。）2. Among the students, those who like classical music are in the minority.（在学生中，喜欢古典音乐的人占少数。） 75 minority group 少数群体 1. The policy aims to protect the rights of minority groups.（这项政策旨在保护少数群体的权利。）2. We should respect the customs of different minority groups.（我们应尊重不同少数群体的习俗。） 76 cast sb. as sb. 选派某人扮演某角色 1. The director cast her as the lead actress in the film.（导演选派她担任这部电影的女主角。）2. He was cast as a hero in the school play.（他被选派在校园剧中扮演英雄。） 77 cast a role 选派角色 1. The team spent a week casting roles for the new play.（团队花了一周时间为新剧选派角色。）2. Casting the right role is important for the success of the film.（选对角色对电影的成功很重要。） 78 be cast in a film 被选派参演一部电影 1. She was cast in a famous director's film last year.（去年她被选派参演一位著名导演的电影。）2. He dreamed of being cast in a Hollywood film.（他梦想被选派参演好莱坞电影。） 79 serve mankind 为人类服务 1. Scientists work hard to serve mankind with their inventions.（科学家努力用发明为人类服务。）2. The purpose of education is to serve mankind and promote progress.（教育的目的是为人类服务，推动进步。） 80 benefit mankind 造福人类 1. The invention of electricity has benefited mankind greatly.（电的发明极大地造福了人类。）2. Medical development continues to benefit mankind by curing diseases.（医学发展通过治疗疾病持续造福人类。） 81 future of mankind 人类的未来 1. Protecting the environment is important for the future of mankind.（保护环境对人类的未来很重要。）2. We should work together to create a better future of mankind.（我们应共同努力创造更美好的人类未来。） 82 inclusive policy 包容的政策 1. The school has an inclusive policy that accepts students with special needs.（学校有包容的政策，接收有特殊需求的学生。）2. The government issued an inclusive policy to support small businesses.（政府出台包容的政策支持小企业。） 83 be inclusive of sth. 包含某事 1. The plan is inclusive of all opinions from team members.（这个计划包含了团队成员的所有意见。）2. The course is inclusive of both theory and practice.（这门课程既包含理论也包含实践。） 84 inclusive culture 包容的文化 1. The company promotes an inclusive culture that respects different backgrounds.（公司倡导尊重不同背景的包容文化。）2. An inclusive culture helps people work together harmoniously.（包容的文化帮助人们和谐共事。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $