摘要:
该高中英语Unit 3“Times change”词汇清单系统梳理了40个核心单词及短语,涵盖时间表达、社会变迁、科技发展、文化认知等主题范畴,构建了从基础词义理解到语境应用、再到跨文化意识培养的多维学习支架,助力学生实现语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。
清单通过分类整理、星级标注和高频考点提炼等方式呈现知识体系,如将“reform and opening-up”设为文化重点并配以真实语境例句,强化家国情怀;对“pave the way”“be integral to”等结构进行搭配提示与记忆技巧设计,提升语言运用效率。特别设置“单词速记”栏目帮助学生快速建立语义关联,如“dusty”用“覆盖灰尘的”简明概括,便于联想记忆。此类实用设计既支持学生自主复习,也方便教师精准定位教学难点,有效促进语言能力、文化意识与学习能力的融合提升。
内容正文:
UNIT 3 Times change.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年;十年期
无
1. over the past decade(在过去十年里)2. a decade ago(十年前)
“时间单位,十年为一期”
Over the past decade, the city's public transport system has been greatly improved.(过去十年间,这座城市的公共交通系统有了很大改善。)
2
legendary /ˈledʒənd(ə)ri/ adj. 大名鼎鼎的,传奇式的
legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传说;传奇故事
1. legendary figure(传奇人物)2. legendary story(传奇故事)
“有传奇色彩的,大名鼎鼎的”
The legendary athlete won three gold medals in the Olympic Games.(这位传奇运动员在奥运会上获得了三枚金牌。)
3
fixture /ˈfɪkstʃə/ n. 固定存在物
无
1. a fixture in sth(某领域的固定存在,如a fixture in the team)2. household fixture(家庭固定设施)
“长期存在、固定不变的事物”
The old bookstore has been a fixture in this street for over 30 years.(这家老书店30多年来一直是这条街上的固定存在。)
4
elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 年老的
无
1. elderly people(老年人)2. care for the elderly(照顾老年人)
“形容年老的,礼貌用语”
Volunteers often go to the community to help elderly people with their housework.(志愿者经常去社区帮老年人做家务。)
5
tablet /ˈtæblət/ n. 平板电脑
无
1. use a tablet(使用平板电脑)2. tablet computer(平板电脑,全称)
“便携式电子设备”
Many students use a tablet to take notes in class because it's convenient.(很多学生上课用平板电脑记笔记,因为很方便。)
6
sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情
sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ adj. 同情的;有同情心的
1. show sympathy for(对……表示同情,如show sympathy for the victims)2. feel sympathy for(同情……)
“对他人困境的怜悯”
All the teachers showed sympathy for the student who lost his family in the accident.(所有老师都对在事故中失去家人的学生表示同情。)
7
bunch /bʌntʃ/ n. 一群,一伙;一束
无
1. a bunch of people(一群人)2. a bunch of flowers(一束花)
“表数量,一群或一束”
A bunch of children are playing happily in the park.(一群孩子在公园里开心地玩耍。)
8
a bunch of 一群;一束
无(短语)
1. a bunch of + 复数名词(一群/一束,如a bunch of friends)2. a bunch of keys(一串钥匙)
“表数量的固定短语”
She received a bunch of roses from her boyfriend on Valentine's Day.(情人节那天,她收到了男朋友送的一束玫瑰。)
9
dusty /ˈdʌsti/ adj. 布满灰尘的
dust /dʌst/ n. 灰尘;v. 除尘
1. dusty books(布满灰尘的书)2. dusty room(布满灰尘的房间)
“覆盖灰尘的”
The old box in the attic was so dusty that we had to wipe it before opening.(阁楼里的旧盒子布满灰尘,我们打开前不得不擦一下。)
10
shelf /ʃelf/ n. 搁板,架子
无
1. on the shelf(在搁板上)2. book shelf(书架)
“放置物品的架子”
Please put the dictionary back on the upper shelf after using it.(用完字典后,请把它放回上层搁板。)
11
furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/ n. 家具
无(高中阶段常见派生词,不可数名词)
1. buy furniture(买家具)2. wooden furniture(木制家具)
“家庭或办公用的家具总称”
We need to buy some new furniture for our new apartment.(我们需要给新公寓买些新家具。)
12
mist /mɪst/ n. 薄雾,雾霭
misty /ˈmɪsti/ adj. 有薄雾的
1. in the mist(在薄雾中)2. morning mist(晨雾)
“轻薄的雾气”
The mountains were hidden in the mist early in the morning.(清晨,群山隐藏在薄雾之中。)
13
brick /brɪk/ n. 砖,砖块
brickwork /ˈbrɪkwɜːk/ n. 砖结构(少见)
1. brick wall(砖墙)2. red brick(红砖)
“建筑用的砖块”
The old house has a strong wall made of red bricks.(这座老房子有一堵坚固的红砖墙。)
14
exterior /ɪkˈstɪəriə/ n. 外部,外观;adj. 外部的
无
1. the exterior of sth(某物的外部/外观,如the exterior of the building)2. exterior design(外观设计)
“事物的外部或外观”
The exterior of the museum is designed in a modern style, which attracts many visitors.(博物馆的外观采用现代风格设计,吸引了很多游客。)
15
pore over 凝视,注视;仔细研读
无(短语)
pore over sth(仔细看/研读某物,如pore over books、pore over documents)
“专注地看或研究”
The lawyer pored over the legal documents to find any useful information.(律师仔细研读法律文件,寻找有用的信息。)
16
stationery /ˈsteɪʃən(ə)ri/ n. 文具
无(高中阶段常见派生词,不可数名词)
1. buy stationery(买文具)2. office stationery(办公用品)
“书写或办公用的文具总称”
Before the new semester starts, students usually buy a lot of stationery like pens and notebooks.(新学期开始前,学生们通常会买很多文具,比如钢笔和笔记本。)
17
saleswoman /ˈseɪlzwʊmən/ n. 女销售员
salesman /ˈseɪlzmən/ n. 男销售员(对应词)
1. shop saleswoman(商店女销售员)2. saleswoman in a clothing store(服装店女销售员)
“从事销售工作的女性”
The saleswoman patiently introduced the new products to every customer.(女销售员耐心地向每位顾客介绍新产品。)
18
leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导;领导地位
leader /ˈliːdə(r)/ n. 领导者;lead /liːd/ v. 领导
1. under one's leadership(在某人的领导下)2. take leadership(担任领导角色)
“领导能力或领导地位”
Under the teacher's leadership, the class won the first prize in the school competition.(在老师的领导下,这个班级在学校比赛中获得了一等奖。)
19
organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的;绿色的
无
1. organic food(有机食品)2. organic farming(有机农业)
“无化学添加的,有机的”
Nowadays, more families prefer to buy organic vegetables to keep healthy.(现在,更多家庭宁愿买有机蔬菜来保持健康。)
20
recital /rɪˈsaɪtl/ n. 朗诵会;独奏会
无
1. poetry recital(诗歌朗诵会)2. piano recital(钢琴独奏会)
“表演或朗诵的小型活动”
The school held a poetry recital to celebrate World Reading Day.(学校举办了一场诗歌朗诵会,庆祝世界读书日。)
21
jazz /dʒæz/ n. 爵士乐
jazz musician(爵士音乐家,复合词)
1. listen to jazz(听爵士乐)2. jazz music(爵士乐)
“一种源自美国的音乐类型”
Her father likes to listen to jazz while drinking coffee on weekends.(她爸爸周末喝咖啡时喜欢听爵士乐。)
22
pop up 突然出现,冒出来
无(短语)
1. pop up + 地点(在某地突然出现,如pop up in the street)2. pop up unexpectedly(意外出现)
“毫无预兆地突然出现”
Many small shops popped up in this area after the new subway station opened.(新地铁站开通后,这个区域突然出现了很多小商店。)
23
humble /ˈhʌmb(ə)l/ adj. 简陋的;谦逊的
humbly /ˈhʌmbli/ adv. 谦逊地
1. humble house(简陋的房子)2. humble person(谦逊的人)
“简陋的;不骄傲的”
He grew up in a humble village in the countryside but later became a famous scientist.(他在农村一个简陋的村庄长大,但后来成了著名的科学家。)
24
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ v. 竞争
1. competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ n. 竞争2. competitive /kəmˈpetətɪv/ adj. 有竞争力的
compete with sb for sth(与某人竞争某物,如compete with others for the job)
“为目标与他人竞争”
Hundreds of students compete for the few places in this famous university every year.(每年有数百名学生竞争这所名牌大学的少数名额。)
25
emphasise /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v. 强调(美式:emphasize)
emphasis /ˈemfəsɪs/ n. 强调
emphasise the importance of(强调……的重要性,如emphasise the importance of study)
“突出某事的重要性”
Teachers always emphasise the importance of practicing English every day.(老师总是强调每天练习英语的重要性。)
26
reconstruction /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 重建;修复
reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/ v. 重建;修复
1. the reconstruction of sth(某物的重建,如the reconstruction of the old town)2. post-disaster reconstruction(灾后重建)
“对损坏事物的重建”
The government invested a lot of money in the reconstruction of the area hit by the earthquake.(政府投入大量资金重建地震受灾地区。)
27
journalist /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)lɪst/ n. 新闻工作者;新闻记者
journalism /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm/ n. 新闻业;新闻工作
1. news journalist(新闻记者)2. investigative journalist(调查记者)
“从事新闻采访和写作的人”
The journalist went to the disaster area to report the latest situation.(记者前往灾区报道最新情况。)
28
era /ˈɪərə/ n. 时代,年代
无
1. a new era(一个新时代)2. the era of technology(科技时代)
“具有特定特征的历史时期”
The invention of the Internet has opened a new era of information exchange.(互联网的发明开启了信息交流的新时代。)
29
reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ n. 改进;改革;v. 改革
无
1. educational reform(教育改革)2. reform the system(改革制度)
“对制度或方法的改进”
The school carried out a teaching reform to improve students' practical skills.(学校进行了教学改革,以提高学生的实践能力。)
30
reform and opening-up 改革开放
无(专有短语)
China's reform and opening-up(中国的改革开放)
“中国重要的发展政策”
China's reform and opening-up policy has brought great changes to people's lives.(中国的改革开放政策给人们的生活带来了巨大变化。)
31
pave /peɪv/ v. 铺(路、地面等)
pavement /ˈpeɪvmənt/ n. 人行道
1. pave the road(铺路)2. pave with sth(用某物铺,如pave the ground with bricks)
“用材料铺设地面或道路”
Workers are busy paving the road with asphalt to make it smoother.(工人们正忙着用沥青铺路,让路面更平整。)
32
pave the way 铺平道路;创造条件
无(短语)
pave the way for(为……铺平道路,如pave the way for future development)
“为某事的发生创造条件”
The new agreement will pave the way for closer cooperation between the two countries.(新协议将为两国更紧密的合作铺平道路。)
33
socialist /ˈsəʊʃ(ə)lɪst/ adj. 社会主义的;n. 社会主义者
socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义
1. socialist country(社会主义国家)2. socialist system(社会主义制度)
“与社会主义相关的”
China is a great socialist country that always puts people first.(中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家,始终坚持以人民为中心。)
34
alongside /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ prep.(与……)一起;adv. 并排地
无
1. alongside sb/sth(与某人/某物一起,如work alongside colleagues)2. sit alongside(并排坐)
“和……一起或并排”
She works alongside her brother in their family's small business.(她和哥哥一起在家族的小生意里工作。)
35
initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议;主动性
无
1. launch an initiative(发起一项倡议)2. take the initiative(采取主动)
“为解决问题提出的倡议”
The school launched an initiative to encourage students to volunteer in the community.(学校发起了一项倡议,鼓励学生在社区做志愿者。)
36
the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议
无(专有短语)
participate in the Belt and Road Initiative(参与“一带一路”倡议)
“中国提出的国际合作倡议”
Many countries have actively participated in the Belt and Road Initiative to promote economic development.(许多国家积极参与“一带一路”倡议,以促进经济发展。)
37
solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ adj. 坚实的;固体的;n. 固体
solidly /ˈsɒlɪdli/ adv. 坚固地;完全地
1. solid foundation(坚实的基础)2. solid wood(实木)
“坚固的;不易变形的”
Hard work laid a solid foundation for his future success.(努力工作为他未来的成功奠定了坚实的基础。)
38
economic /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济(上)的
1. economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济2. economically /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkli/ adv. 经济上
1. economic growth(经济增长)2. economic development(经济发展)
“与经济相关的”
The government has taken many measures to promote economic growth this year.(今年政府采取了多项措施促进经济增长。)
39
occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 工作,职业;占用
occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ v. 占用;从事(职业)
1. current occupation(当前职业)2. the occupation of time(时间的占用)
“个人的工作或职业”
Please fill in your name, age and occupation in the form.(请在表格中填写你的姓名、年龄和职业。)
40
cafeteria /ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/ n. 自助餐厅
无
1. school cafeteria(学校自助餐厅)2. eat in the cafeteria(在自助餐厅吃饭)
“自主取餐的餐厅”
Students can choose different kinds of food in the school cafeteria.(学生们可以在学校自助餐厅选择不同种类的食物。)
41
emoji /ɪˈməʊdʒi/ n. 表情符号
无
1. send an emoji(发一个表情符号)2. use emojis in messages(在消息中使用表情符号)
“用于表达情绪的符号”
Many people like to use emojis in WeChat messages to make conversations more lively.(很多人喜欢在微信消息中用表情符号,让对话更生动。)
42
integral /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/ adj. 不可缺少的
integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 整合;融合(少见)
be integral to(对……不可缺少,如be integral to success)
“对事物至关重要、不可缺少的”
Teamwork is integral to the success of any group project.(团队合作对任何小组项目的成功都至关重要。)
43
component /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ n. 组成部分
无
1. important component(重要组成部分)2. component of sth(某物的组成部分,如component of a machine)
“构成整体的部分”
Reading is an important component of learning a foreign language.(阅读是学习外语的重要组成部分。)
44
category /ˈkætəɡ(ə)ri/ n. 类别,种类
无
1. different categories(不同类别)2. category of sth(某物的类别,如category of books)
“将事物分类后的组别”
The books in the library are divided into several categories like history and science.(图书馆的书分为历史、科学等几个类别。)
45
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v.(使)扩大;增加
expansion /ɪkˈspænʃn/ n. 扩大;扩张
1. expand business(扩大业务)2. expand one's knowledge(增长知识)
“使规模或范围变大”
The company plans to expand its business to other cities next year.(该公司计划明年将业务扩展到其他城市。)
46
pictograph /ˈpɪktəɡrɑːf/ n. 象形图;象形文字
无
1. ancient pictographs(古代象形文字)2. use pictographs(使用象形图)
“用图形表示事物的符号”
Archaeologists found many ancient pictographs on the walls of the cave.(考古学家在洞穴墙壁上发现了许多古代象形文字。)
47
emotional /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)nəl/ adj. 情绪(上)的,情感(上)的
1. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情绪;情感2. emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/ adv. 情感上
1. emotional support(情感支持)2. emotional story(感人的故事)
“与情绪或情感相关的”
Her friends gave her a lot of emotional support when she was in trouble.(她遇到困难时,朋友们给了她很多情感支持。)
48
gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/ n. 手势,姿势;v. 做手势
无
1. make a gesture(做手势,如make a greeting gesture)2. hand gesture(手势)
“用肢体动作表达意思”
The teacher made a quiet gesture to let the students stop talking.(老师做了一个安静的手势,让学生们停止说话。)
49
facial /ˈfeɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 脸上的;面部的
face /feɪs/ n. 脸;v. 面对
1. facial expression(面部表情)2. facial features(面部特征)
“与脸部相关的”
We can know a person's mood from his or her facial expressions.(我们可以从一个人的面部表情看出他的心情。)
50
textspeak /ˈtekstspiːk/ n. 短信简写语
无
use textspeak in messages(在消息中使用短信简写语,如"LOL")
“短信或聊天中的简写语言”
Young people often use textspeak like "BRB" (be right back) when chatting online.(年轻人网上聊天时经常用“BRB”(马上回来)这类短信简写语。)
51
intention /ɪnˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n. 意图,目的
intend /ɪnˈtend/ v. 打算;意图
1. have the intention to do sth(有做某事的意图,如have the intention to study abroad)2. good intention(善意)
“做某事的目的或打算”
She has no intention of giving up her dream of becoming a doctor.(她没有放弃成为医生的梦想的打算。)
52
adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 改编版;适应
adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 改编;适应
1. film adaptation(电影改编版,如film adaptation of a novel)2. adaptation to sth(对某物的适应,如adaptation to new life)
“作品的改编或对环境的适应”
The film is an adaptation of a famous novel written by Lu Xun.(这部电影是根据鲁迅的一部著名小说改编的。)
53
accessible /əkˈsesɪb(ə)l/ adj. 易懂的;可到达的
access /ˈækses/ n. 接触机会;v. 进入
1. accessible to sb(对某人易懂/可到达,如accessible to students)2. accessible information(易懂的信息)
“容易理解或到达的”
The teacher explained the difficult concept in an accessible way for students to understand.(老师用易懂的方式解释了这个难懂的概念,让学生们能理解。)
54
soul /səʊl/ n. 精神;灵魂
无
1. the soul of sth(某物的核心/精神,如the soul of the team)2. kind soul(善良的人)
“人的精神或事物的核心”
Honesty and kindness are the soul of a good person.(诚实和善良是好人的精神核心。)
55
tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势,倾向
tend /tend/ v. 倾向于;照料
1. the tendency to do sth(做某事的趋势,如the tendency to get up late)2. current tendency(当前趋势)
“事物发展的倾向或趋势”
There is a tendency for people to use more online payment instead of cash.(人们越来越倾向于使用在线支付,而不是现金。)
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facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. 促进;使便利
facilitation /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 促进;便利(少见)
facilitate sth(促进某事,如facilitate communication、facilitate cooperation)
“让某事更容易进行”
The new software will facilitate the exchange of information between different departments.(这款新软件将促进不同部门之间的信息交流。)
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educator /ˈedjukeɪtə/ n. 教育工作者
1. educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ v. 教育2. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育
1. school educator(学校教育工作者)2. experienced educator(有经验的教育工作者)
“从事教育工作的人”
Many educators believe that interest is the best teacher for students.(许多教育工作者认为,兴趣是学生最好的老师。)
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pictorial /pɪkˈtɔːriəl/ adj. 图画的;有图片的
picture /ˈpɪktʃə(r)/ n. 图片;v. 描绘
1. pictorial book(图画书)2. pictorial magazine(画报)
“以图片为主的”
The children like reading pictorial books because they have many colorful pictures.(孩子们喜欢读图画书,因为里面有很多彩色图片。)
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secondary /ˈsekənd(ə)ri/ adj. 次要的,第二位的;中学的
无
1. secondary school(中学)2. secondary importance(次要的重要性)
“不重要的;中学的”
In this project, team cooperation is of primary importance, and personal ability is secondary.(在这个项目中,团队合作至关重要,个人能力则是次要的。)
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comic /ˈkɒmɪk/ n. 连环漫画;adj. 滑稽的
comics /ˈkɒmɪks/ n. 连环漫画(复数)
1. comic book(连环漫画书)2. comic strip(连环漫画)
“让人发笑的;连环漫画”
He spends his spare time reading comic books to relax.(他空闲时读连环漫画书放松。)
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costume /ˈkɒstjuːm/ n. 化装服;服装
无
1. Halloween costume(万圣节化装服)2. traditional costume(传统服装)
“特殊场合穿的服装或化装服”
Children dressed in different Halloween costumes went trick-or-treating last night.(昨晚,孩子们穿着不同的万圣节化装服去挨家要糖。)
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urgently /ˈɜːdʒ(ə)ntli/ adv. 紧急地;急迫地
urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的;急迫的
1. need sth urgently(急需某物)2. act urgently(紧急行动)
“需要立即处理的”
The patient needs to be sent to the hospital urgently because his condition is serious.(病人病情严重,需要紧急送往医院。)
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convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ adj. 有说服力的,使人信服的
convince /kənˈvɪns/ v. 说服;使信服
1. convincing argument(有说服力的论点)2. convincing evidence(令人信服的证据)
“让人相信是真实的”
The scientist provided convincing evidence to prove his theory.(科学家提供了令人信服的证据来证明他的理论。)
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