摘要:
该高中英语单元知识清单围绕“Times change”主题,系统梳理了31个高频核心词汇的派生词及其用法,涵盖形容词、名词、动词、副词等词性转换,构建了从原词到派生词的完整语言链条,形成以“词根—词缀—语境应用”为逻辑的学习支架。
清单通过分类归纳、层级标注和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将“emphasise→emphasis→emphatic”等词组设为“重点记忆模块”,并配以“例句对比+情感色彩提示”,强化语言能力与思维品质的融合。特别设计“易混词辨析表”和“派生规律口诀卡”,例如“solid→solidly”强调副词构词规则,帮助学生建立结构意识与逻辑推理能力。同时提供“应用场景提示”,如“socialist→socialism”链接社会议题讨论,提升文化意识与价值判断力。此清单既支持学生自主复习与错题整理,又助力教师精准教学与分层指导,实现高效学习与素养落地的双重目标。
内容正文:
UNIT 3 Times change.派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
legendary /ˈledʒənd(ə)ri/ adj. 大名鼎鼎的,传奇式的
Bruce Lee is a legendary martial artist.(李小龙是一位传奇的武术家。)
legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传奇故事;传说人物
Many legends about the hero are still told today.(关于这位英雄的许多传奇故事至今仍在流传。)
2
elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 年老的
The elderly woman needs help carrying her shopping bags.(这位老奶奶需要帮忙提购物袋。)
elder /ˈeldə/ n. 长辈;老年人;adj. 年纪较大的
My elder sister is studying medicine at university.(我姐姐正在大学里学医。)
3
sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情
We all felt deep sympathy for the family who lost their home.(我们都对失去家园的那家人深感同情。)
1. sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ adj. 同情的;有同情心的2. sympathetically /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪkli/ adv. 同情地
1. She gave me a sympathetic look when I told her the bad news.(我告诉她坏消息时,她给了我一个同情的眼神。)2. He nodded sympathetically and said he would help.(他同情地点点头,说会提供帮助。)
4
dusty /ˈdʌsti/ adj. 布满灰尘的
The old books on the top shelf are very dusty.(顶层书架上的旧书布满了灰尘。)
dust /dʌst/ n. 灰尘;v. 擦去……的灰尘
Please dust the desk before you put your books on it.(把书放在桌子上之前,请先擦去桌上的灰尘。)
5
mist /mɪst/ n. 薄雾,雾霭
A light mist covered the forest in the early morning.(清晨,一层薄雾笼罩着森林。)
misty /ˈmɪsti/ adj. 有雾的;模糊的
It was a misty day, so we couldn’t see the distant mountains.(那是个有雾的日子,我们看不见远处的山。)
6
leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导;领导地位
His strong leadership helped the team win the competition.(他强有力的领导帮助团队赢得了比赛。)
1. lead /liːd/ v. 领导;带领;n. 领先;榜样2. leading /ˈliːdɪŋ/ adj. 主要的;领先的
1. She will lead the group to visit the museum tomorrow.(明天她将带领小组参观博物馆。)2. He is a leading scientist in the field of AI.(他是人工智能领域的顶尖科学家。)
7
organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的;绿色的
My mother always buys organic vegetables from the local farm.(妈妈总是从当地农场买有机蔬菜。)
1. organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n. 生物;有机体2. organically /ɔːˈɡænɪkli/ adv. 有机地;自然地
1. A plant is a living organism that needs sunlight and water.(植物是需要阳光和水的活有机体。)2. The small company grew organically without outside investment.(这家小公司没有外部投资,靠自身自然发展壮大。)
8
recital /rɪˈsaɪtl/ n. 朗诵会;演奏会
We attended a piano recital held by the music school.(我们参加了音乐学校举办的钢琴演奏会。)
recite /rɪˈsaɪt/ v. 背诵;朗诵
The student can recite more than 50 ancient Chinese poems.(这个学生能背诵50多首中国古诗。)
9
humble /ˈhʌmb(ə)l/ adj. 简陋的;谦卑的
He lives in a humble house in a small village.(他住在小村庄里一栋简陋的房子里。)
1. humility /hjuːˈmɪləti/ n. 谦卑;谦逊2. humbly /ˈhʌmbli/ adv. 谦卑地;恭顺地
1. Her humility made her popular among her classmates.(她的谦逊让她在同学中很受欢迎。)2. He humbly accepted the award and thanked his team.(他谦卑地接过奖项,并感谢了自己的团队。)
10
compete /kəmˈpiːt/ v. 竞争;比赛
Over 200 athletes will compete in the national sports meet.(200多名运动员将参加全国运动会。)
1. competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ n. 比赛;竞争2. competitor /kəmˈpetɪtə/ n. 竞争者;对手
1. There will be a singing competition in our school next month.(我们学校下个月将举办一场歌唱比赛。)2. He is a strong competitor, so we need to practice harder.(他是个强劲的对手,我们需要更努力练习。)
11
emphasise /ˈemfəsaɪz/ v. 强调(英式)
The teacher always emphasises the importance of listening in English learning.(老师总是强调听力在英语学习中的重要性。)
1. emphasis /ˈemfəsɪs/ n. 强调;重点2. emphatic /ɪmˈfætɪk/ adj. 强调的;坚决的
1. The report puts great emphasis on protecting the environment.(这份报告非常强调环境保护。)2. She gave an emphatic “no” to his request.(她坚决地拒绝了他的请求。)
12
reconstruction /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n/ n. 重建;修复
The reconstruction of the old temple took three years.(这座古寺的重建花了三年时间。)
1. reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/ v. 重建;修复2. reconstructive /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪv/ adj. 重建的;修复的
1. Workers will reconstruct the damaged bridge next year.(工人们明年将重建这座受损的桥。)2. He had reconstructive surgery on his knee after the accident.(事故后,他的膝盖做了修复手术。)
13
journalist /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)lɪst/ n. 新闻工作者;新闻记者
The journalist interviewed the famous writer about her new book.(这位记者就新书采访了那位著名作家。)
journal /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l/ n. 日记;杂志;期刊
She keeps a journal every day to record her thoughts.(她每天写日记,记录自己的想法。)
14
pave /peɪv/ v. 铺(路、地面等)
Workers will pave the road with asphalt next week.(工人们下周将用沥青铺路。)
pavement /ˈpeɪvmənt/ n. 人行道(英式)
We walked on the pavement to avoid the busy traffic.(我们走在人行道上,避开繁忙的车流。)
15
socialist /ˈsəʊʃ(ə)lɪst/ adj. 社会主义的;n. 社会主义者
China is a socialist country that serves the people.(中国是人民当家作主的社会主义国家。)
socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义
Socialism aims to create a fair and equal society.(社会主义旨在创造公平平等的社会。)
16
solid /ˈsɒlɪd/ adj. 坚实的;n. 固体
The table is made of solid wood, so it’s very strong.(这张桌子是实木做的,非常结实。)
solidly /ˈsɒlɪdli/ adv. 坚固地;扎实地
The team has been solidly in first place all season.(这支队伍整个赛季都稳居第一名。)
17
economic /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济(上)的
The government has taken measures to improve the economic situation.(政府已采取措施改善经济形势。)
1. economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济;节约2. economically /ˌekəˈnɒmɪkli/ adv. 经济上;节约地
1. The country’s economy has grown rapidly in recent years.(近年来,这个国家的经济发展迅速。)2. We should use water and electricity economically.(我们应该节约用水用电。)
18
occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 工作,职业;占据
What is your father’s occupation? He looks very busy.(你爸爸的职业是什么?他看起来很忙。)
1. occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ v. 占据;占用;占领2. occupational /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃənl/ adj. 职业的;工作的
1. The meeting will occupy two hours of our time this afternoon.(今天下午的会议将占用我们两个小时。)2. The company provides occupational training for new employees.(这家公司为新员工提供职业培训。)
19
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v.(使)扩大;增加
The company plans to expand its business to Southeast Asia.(这家公司计划将业务扩展到东南亚。)
1. expansion /ɪkˈspænʃn/ n. 扩张;扩大2. expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/ adj. 广阔的;健谈的
1. The expansion of the factory will create more jobs.(工厂的扩建将创造更多就业岗位。)2. He has an expansive personality and makes friends easily.(他性格开朗,很容易交到朋友。)
20
emotional /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)nəl/ adj. 情绪(上)的,情感(上)的
The movie’s emotional ending made many viewers cry.(这部电影感人的结局让很多观众哭了。)
1. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情绪;情感2. emotionally /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/ adv. 情绪上;情感上
1. She couldn’t control her emotions when she heard the good news.(听到好消息时,她控制不住自己的情绪。)2. He was emotionally tired after dealing with the problem.(处理完这个问题后,他情绪上很疲惫。)
21
facial /ˈfeɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 脸上的;面部的
She made a facial expression of surprise when she saw the gift.(看到礼物时,她露出了惊讶的表情。)
face /feɪs/ n. 脸;面部;v. 面对;面向
He washed his face and brushed his teeth before going to bed.(睡觉前,他洗了脸、刷了牙。)
22
intention /ɪnˈtenʃ(ə)n/ n. 意图,目的
What is your intention for joining the English club?(你加入英语俱乐部的目的是什么?)
1. intentional /ɪnˈtenʃənl/ adj. 故意的;有意的2. intentionally /ɪnˈtenʃənəli/ adv. 故意地;有意地
1. The mistake was not intentional—please forgive him.(这个错误不是故意的,请原谅他。)2. He didn’t intentionally hurt your feelings.(他不是故意要伤害你的感情。)
23
adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 改编版;适应
This film is an adaptation of a classic novel.(这部电影是一部经典小说的改编版。)
1. adapt /əˈdæpt/ v. 适应;改编2. adaptive /əˈdæptɪv/ adj. 适应的;有适应能力的
1. It takes time to adapt to a new school environment.(适应新的学校环境需要时间。)2. Some animals have adaptive features to live in deserts.(有些动物有适应沙漠生活的特征。)
24
accessible /əkˈsesɪb(ə)l/ adj. 易懂的;易接近的
The textbook is written in simple language, so it’s accessible to beginners.(这本教材语言简单,初学者也能看懂。)
1. access /ˈækses/ n. 进入权;使用权;v. 进入;使用2. accessibly /əkˈsesəbli/ adv. 易接近地;易懂地
1. Students have free access to the school library.(学生可以免费使用学校图书馆。)2. The teacher explained the theory accessibly to the class.(老师给全班同学通俗易懂地讲解了这个理论。)
25
tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 趋势;倾向
There is a tendency for students to use mobile phones more often.(学生使用手机的频率有上升趋势。)
tend /tend/ v. 倾向于;往往会;照顾
People tend to eat more food in cold weather.(天气冷的时候,人们往往会吃更多东西。)
26
educator /ˈedjukeɪtə/ n. 教育工作者
Her mother is an educator who has taught for 30 years.(她妈妈是一位有30年教龄的教育工作者。)
1. educate /ˈedʒukeɪt/ v. 教育;教导2. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育
1. Parents should educate their children to be honest.(父母应该教育孩子要诚实。)2. Education is the key to a better future.(教育是通往更美好未来的关键。)
27
pictorial /pɪkˈtɔːriəl/ adj. 图画的;n. 画报
The magazine has many pictorial stories for children.(这本杂志有很多给孩子看的图画故事。)
picture /ˈpɪktʃə/ n. 图片;照片;v. 想象;描绘
She showed me a picture of her hometown.(她给我看了一张她家乡的照片。)
28
secondary /ˈsekənd(ə)ri/ adj. 次要的,第二位的
In this project, speed is secondary to quality.(在这个项目中,速度次于质量。)
second /ˈsekənd/ num. 第二;n. 秒;v. 支持;赞成
He finished in second place in the 100-meter race.(他在100米赛跑中获得了第二名。)
29
comic /ˈkɒmɪk/ n. 连环漫画;adj. 滑稽的
My little brother likes reading comic books after school.(我弟弟放学后喜欢看连环漫画。)
comedy /ˈkɒmədi/ n. 喜剧;喜剧片
We watched a funny comedy last night and laughed a lot.(昨晚我们看了一部搞笑的喜剧片,笑得很开心。)
30
urgently /ˈɜːdʒ(ə)ntli/ adv. 紧急地;急迫地
We need to solve this problem urgently before it gets worse.(我们需要在问题恶化前紧急解决它。)
1. urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的;急迫的2. urgency /ˈɜːdʒənsi/ n. 紧急情况;迫切性
1. It’s an urgent matter—please call the manager at once.(这是急事,请马上给经理打电话。)2. She explained the urgency of the situation to everyone.(她向所有人说明了情况的紧迫性。)
31
convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ adj. 有说服力的,使人信服的
His explanation is very convincing—no one doubted him.(他的解释很有说服力,没人怀疑他。)
1. convince /kənˈvɪns/ v. 使确信;说服2. conviction /kənˈvɪkʃn/ n. 确信;信念
1. I tried to convince her to go to the party with us.(我努力说服她和我们一起去参加派对。)2. She has a strong conviction that hard work will pay off.(她坚信努力就会有回报。)
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