摘要:
该高中英语Unit 3词汇拓展短语背记清单系统梳理了时间表达、人物描写、物品使用、情感态度、环境场景及社会变革等六大主题范畴,构建了从基础短语识记到语境应用的阶梯式学习支架,助力学生在真实语境中实现语言能力的进阶发展。
清单通过分类归类、难度分级和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系,如将“a fixture in the community”与“a bunch of friends”等高频短语设为易混点对比表,强化辨析能力,体现文化意识中的跨文化理解;对“emphasise the importance of”等重点句型标注记忆口诀“重强调,重要性”,提升思维品质中的逻辑推理能力。特别设计“例句迁移提示卡”,如“over the past decade”后附写作应用场景建议,帮助学生自主构建语用意识,教师可据此开展分层教学与任务驱动训练,显著增强复习效率与课堂互动性。
内容正文:
UNIT 3 Times change.词汇拓展短语背记(一)
序号
短语或句型
意思
例句
1
over the past decade
在过去十年里
1. Over the past decade, China has made great progress in high-speed rail development.(在过去十年里,中国在高铁发展方面取得了巨大进步。)2. Many new schools have been built in this area over the past decade.(在过去十年里,这个地区新建了许多学校。)
2
a decade ago
十年前
1. A decade ago, most families didn’t have smart phones.(十年前,大多数家庭没有智能手机。)2. He moved to this city a decade ago and has lived here ever since.(他十年前搬到这座城市,从此便一直住在这里。)
3
in the next decade
在未来十年里
1. In the next decade, more renewable energy will be used to protect the environment.(在未来十年里,更多可再生能源将被用于保护环境。)2. We plan to build a new library in our school in the next decade.(我们计划在未来十年里为学校新建一座图书馆。)
4
legendary musician
传奇音乐家
1. Beethoven is a legendary musician whose works are still popular today.(贝多芬是一位传奇音乐家,他的作品至今仍广受欢迎。)2. The film tells the story of a legendary musician who struggled for his dream.(这部电影讲述了一位为梦想奋斗的传奇音乐家的故事。)
5
legendary story
传奇故事
1. The story of Yu Gong moving mountains is a famous legendary story in China.(愚公移山的故事是中国著名的传奇故事。)2. My grandmother often tells me legendary stories about ancient heroes.(奶奶常给我讲古代英雄的传奇故事。)
6
legendary figure
传奇人物
1. Yuan Longping, the "Father of Hybrid Rice", is a legendary figure in agriculture.(“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平是农业领域的传奇人物。)2. Many people look up to him as a legendary figure who changed the industry.(许多人将他视为改变行业的传奇人物。)
7
a fixture in the community
社区里的固定存在
1. The old park has been a fixture in the community for over 50 years.(这座老公园50多年来一直是社区里的固定存在。)2. Uncle Li, who sells newspapers every morning, is a fixture in the community.(每天早上卖报纸的李叔叔是社区里的固定存在。)
8
a fixture at parties
派对上的常客
1. She is always friendly and energetic, so she’s a fixture at parties.(她总是友好又有活力,因此是派对上的常客。)2. His funny jokes make him a fixture at all our school parties.(他的幽默笑话让他成为我们学校所有派对的常客。)
9
office fixture
办公室常用物品
1. Printers and file cabinets are common office fixtures.(打印机和文件柜是常见的办公室常用物品。)2. This old coffee machine has become an office fixture—everyone uses it every day.(这台旧咖啡机成了办公室常用物品,每个人每天都用它。)
10
the elderly
老年人(复数概念)
1. The government has launched many programs to care for the elderly.(政府推出了许多关爱老年人的项目。)2. It’s our duty to help the elderly cross the street safely.(帮助老年人安全过马路是我们的责任。)
11
elderly people
老年人
1. Many elderly people like to do morning exercises in the park.(许多老年人喜欢在公园晨练。)2. We should respect elderly people and listen to their life experiences.(我们应该尊重老年人,倾听他们的人生经历。)
12
care for the elderly
照顾老年人
1. She volunteers at a nursing home to care for the elderly every weekend.(她每周去养老院做志愿者,照顾老年人。)2. My parents often talk about how to care for the elderly when they get older.(我父母常讨论年老后如何照顾老年人。)
13
use a tablet
使用平板电脑
1. Students can use a tablet to look up information for their homework.(学生可以用平板电脑查作业所需的资料。)2. My grandfather learned to use a tablet to video call us last year.(爷爷去年学会了用平板电脑和我们视频通话。)
14
tablet computer
平板电脑
1. This new tablet computer is lighter and easier to carry than the old one.(这台新平板电脑比旧款更轻,更方便携带。)2. The teacher uses a tablet computer to show teaching videos in class.(老师在课堂上用平板电脑播放教学视频。)
15
carry a tablet
携带平板电脑
1. She likes to carry a tablet when traveling to take photos and watch movies.(她旅行时喜欢带平板电脑,用来拍照和看电影。)2. You can carry a tablet in your bag—it won’t take much space.(你可以把平板电脑放在包里,它不占太多空间。)
16
express sympathy for
对……表示同情
1. We all express sympathy for the people affected by the flood.(我们都对受洪水影响的人们表示同情。)2. The teacher expressed sympathy for the student who lost his family member.(老师对失去亲人的学生表示同情。)
17
have sympathy with
赞同/同情……
1. I have sympathy with your idea of protecting the old building.(我赞同你保护这座老建筑的想法。)2. She has sympathy with the poor children and often donates books to them.(她同情贫困儿童,常给他们捐书。)
18
offer sympathy to
向……表示同情
1. The whole class offered sympathy to Tom when he was ill.(汤姆生病时,全班同学都向他表示同情。)2. The president offered sympathy to the victims of the accident.(总统向事故受害者表示同情。)
19
a bunch of flowers
一束花
1. He bought a bunch of flowers for his mother on Mother’s Day.(母亲节那天,他给妈妈买了一束花。)2. A bunch of flowers was placed on the desk to welcome the new teacher.(桌上放了一束花,欢迎新老师。)
20
a bunch of friends
一群朋友
1. He went to the park with a bunch of friends to play basketball.(他和一群朋友去公园打篮球。)2. A bunch of friends came to my house to celebrate my birthday.(一群朋友来我家庆祝我的生日。)
21
a bunch of keys
一串钥匙
1. She put a bunch of keys in her bag before going out.(出门前,她把一串钥匙放进包里。)2. I found a bunch of keys on the playground—maybe someone lost them.(我在操场捡到一串钥匙,可能是有人丢的。)
22
a bunch of students
一群学生
1. A bunch of students are cleaning the classroom after school.(放学后,一群学生在打扫教室。)2. The teacher talked to a bunch of students about their study plans.(老师和一群学生谈论他们的学习计划。)
23
a bunch of books
一堆书
1. There is a bunch of books on the desk—they are for the new term.(桌上有一堆书,是新学期要用的。)2. He borrowed a bunch of books from the library to read during the holiday.(他从图书馆借了一堆书,假期读。)
24
a bunch of grapes
一串葡萄
1. My grandmother gave me a bunch of fresh grapes from her garden.(奶奶从菜园给了我一串新鲜的葡萄。)2. A bunch of grapes hangs on the vine—it looks very sweet.(一串葡萄挂在藤上,看起来很甜。)
25
dusty books
布满灰尘的书
1. He found some dusty books in the old box—they were his father’s childhood books.(他在旧箱子里发现一些布满灰尘的书,是爸爸小时候的书。)2. The dusty books on the shelf haven’t been read for years.(书架上那些布满灰尘的书已经好几年没读了。)
26
dusty shelf
布满灰尘的架子
1. She wiped the dusty shelf with a cloth before putting the new books on it.(她用布擦了擦布满灰尘的架子,再把新书放上去。)2. The dusty shelf in the corner was filled with old toys.(角落里布满灰尘的架子上摆满了旧玩具。)
27
dusty room
布满灰尘的房间
1. They cleaned the dusty room carefully—it had been empty for a long time.(他们仔细打扫了布满灰尘的房间,它已经空了很久了。)2. The dusty room smelled of old wood and paper.(布满灰尘的房间里有旧木头和纸张的味道。)
28
on the shelf
在架子上
1. My favorite novel is on the shelf next to the window.(我最喜欢的小说在窗边的架子上。)2. You can find the dictionary on the shelf—just take it if you need it.(字典在架子上,需要的话就拿。)
29
book shelf
书架
1. We bought a new book shelf to hold all our family’s books.(我们买了一个新书架,放家里所有的书。)2. The book shelf in the study is filled with history books and novels.(书房的书架上摆满了历史书和小说。)
30
put sth on the shelf
把某物放在架子上
1. Please put the cup on the shelf after you finish drinking.(喝完水后,请把杯子放在架子上。)2. He put his backpack on the shelf before sitting down to do homework.(他把书包放在架子上,然后坐下来写作业。)
31
a piece of furniture
一件家具
1. This old chair is a piece of furniture that my grandfather made.(这把旧椅子是爷爷做的一件家具。)2. We need to buy a piece of furniture for the living room—maybe a new sofa.(我们需要给客厅买一件家具,或许是新沙发。)
32
buy furniture
买家具
1. They went to the furniture store to buy furniture for their new house.(他们去家具店给新房买家具。)2. My parents plan to buy furniture during the holiday sale.(我父母计划在节日促销时买家具。)
33
arrange furniture
摆放家具
1. She helped her parents arrange furniture in the new apartment last weekend.(上周末,她帮父母在新公寓里摆放家具。)2. We need to arrange furniture properly to make the room look bigger.(我们需要合理摆放家具,让房间看起来更大。)
34
in the mist
在薄雾中
1. The mountains looked very beautiful in the mist early in the morning.(清晨,群山在薄雾中看起来很美。)2. We walked along the river in the mist, enjoying the quiet moment.(我们在薄雾中沿着河边走,享受宁静的时光。)
35
light mist
薄雾
1. A light mist covered the park, making it feel like a fairyland.(薄雾笼罩着公园,让人感觉像仙境。)2. The light mist disappeared as the sun rose higher.(太阳升高后,薄雾就散了。)
36
mist over
蒙上薄雾
1. The window misted over because of the cold weather outside.(因为外面天气冷,窗户蒙上了薄雾。)2. Her glasses misted over when she walked into the warm room from outside.(她从外面走进温暖的房间,眼镜蒙上了薄雾。)
37
brick wall
砖墙
1. The old house is surrounded by a tall brick wall.(这座老房子被一堵高高的砖墙围着。)2. He painted the brick wall white to make the garden look brighter.(他把砖墙刷成白色,让花园看起来更明亮。)
38
red brick
红砖
1. Most houses in this village are made of red brick.(这个村子里大多数房子都是红砖建造的。)2. The red brick building was built in the 1920s and is now a cultural relic.(这座红砖建筑建于20世纪20年代,现在是文物。)
39
build with bricks
用砖建造
1. People used to build houses with bricks because they are strong and durable.(过去人们常用砖建造房子,因为砖坚固耐用。)2. The workers will build the fence with bricks next week.(工人们下周要用砖建围墙。)
40
the exterior of the house
房子的外部
1. They painted the exterior of the house blue last summer.(去年夏天,他们把房子的外部刷成了蓝色。)2. The exterior of the house looks new, but the inside is still being renovated.(房子的外部看起来很新,但内部还在装修。)
41
exterior design
外观设计
1. The exterior design of this building is inspired by traditional Chinese architecture.(这座建筑的外观设计灵感来自中国传统建筑。)2. She studied exterior design in college and now works for an architecture company.(她大学学的是外观设计,现在在一家建筑公司工作。)
42
paint the exterior
粉刷外部
1. We need to paint the exterior of the school before the new term starts.(新学期开始前,我们需要粉刷学校的外部。)2. The rain delayed the plan to paint the exterior of the office building.(下雨推迟了粉刷办公楼外部的计划。)
43
pore over books
埋头看书
1. He pores over books every night to prepare for the college entrance exam.(他每晚埋头看书,备战高考。)2. She likes to pore over history books in the library on weekends.(她周末喜欢在图书馆埋头读历史书。)
44
pore over documents
仔细查阅文件
1. The lawyer pored over documents to find evidence for the case.(律师仔细查阅文件,为案件寻找证据。)2. He spent three hours poring over documents to finish the report.(他花了三个小时仔细查阅文件,完成报告。)
45
pore over maps
凝视地图
1. They pored over maps to plan their hiking route in the mountains.(他们凝视地图,规划山区徒步路线。)2. The teacher asked us to pore over maps to find the location of the river.(老师让我们凝视地图,找到这条河的位置。)
46
buy stationery
买文具
1. Students usually buy stationery at the beginning of the new term.(学生通常在新学期开始时买文具。)2. I went to the store to buy stationery—we need pens and notebooks.(我去商店买文具,我们需要钢笔和笔记本。)
47
office stationery
办公用品
1. The company provides office stationery like paper and staplers for employees.(公司为员工提供纸张、订书机等办公用品。)2. She is in charge of buying office stationery for the department.(她负责为部门采购办公用品。)
48
a set of stationery
一套文具
1. My aunt gave me a set of stationery as a birthday gift—it has a pen, a notebook and a pencil case.(姑姑送我一套文具当生日礼物,里面有钢笔、笔记本和笔袋。)2. This new set of stationery is very popular among students.(这套新文具很受学生欢迎。)
49
a shop saleswoman
商店女销售员
1. The shop saleswoman helped me choose a suitable shirt.(商店女销售员帮我选了一件合适的衬衫。)2. A shop saleswoman needs to be friendly and patient with customers.(商店女销售员需要对顾客友好且有耐心。)
50
saleswoman in a mall
商场女销售员
1. The saleswoman in the mall introduced the new mobile phone to us.(商场里的女销售员向我们介绍了这款新手机。)2. She worked as a saleswoman in a mall during her summer vacation.(暑假期间,她在商场当女销售员。)
51
talk to the saleswoman
和女销售员交谈
1. My mother talked to the saleswoman about the price of the dress.(妈妈和女销售员谈了这条裙子的价格。)2. You can talk to the saleswoman if you have questions about the product.(如果对产品有疑问,你可以和女销售员交谈。)
52
strong leadership
强有力的领导
1. A team needs strong leadership to achieve its goals.(团队需要强有力的领导才能实现目标。)2. His strong leadership helped the company get through the difficult time.(他强有力的领导帮助公司度过了困难时期。)
53
under one's leadership
在某人的领导下
1. Under the teacher’s leadership, our class won the first prize in the school competition.(在老师的领导下,我们班在学校比赛中获得了一等奖。)2. Under his leadership, the project was completed ahead of schedule.(在他的领导下,项目提前完成了。)
54
leadership skills
领导能力
1. This course helps students develop their leadership skills through group activities.(这门课通过小组活动帮助学生培养领导能力。)2. Good communication is one of the important leadership skills.(良好的沟通是重要的领导能力之一。)
55
organic food
有机食品
1. More and more people choose to buy organic food because it’s healthier.(越来越多的人选择买有机食品,因为它更健康。)2. The supermarket has a special section for organic food like vegetables and eggs.(超市有专门的有机食品区,卖蔬菜、鸡蛋等。)
56
organic farming
有机农业
1. Organic farming doesn’t use chemical fertilizers or pesticides.(有机农业不使用化肥和农药。)2. The village has developed organic farming to protect the environment.(这个村子发展有机农业,保护环境。)
57
organic vegetables
有机蔬菜
1. My grandmother grows organic vegetables in her garden—they taste very fresh.(奶奶在菜园种有机蔬菜,味道很新鲜。)2. We bought some organic vegetables from the farmer’s market this morning.(今天早上我们从农贸市场买了一些有机蔬菜。)
58
poetry recital
诗歌朗诵会
1. Our school held a poetry recital to celebrate World Poetry Day.(我们学校举办了诗歌朗诵会,庆祝世界诗歌日。)2. She prepared a poem by Li Bai for the poetry recital.(她为诗歌朗诵会准备了李白的一首诗。)
59
piano recital
钢琴独奏会
1. Her sister will give a piano recital at the concert hall next weekend.(她姐姐下周末将在音乐厅举办钢琴独奏会。)2. We went to listen to a piano recital—it was very wonderful.(我们去听了一场钢琴独奏会,非常精彩。)
60
attend a recital
参加朗诵会/独奏会
1. All students are invited to attend the school’s poetry recital.(所有学生都被邀请参加学校的诗歌朗诵会。)2. He wore a formal suit to attend the piano recital.(他穿了正装去参加钢琴独奏会。)
61
listen to jazz
听爵士乐
1. He likes to listen to jazz while reading books in the evening.(他晚上看书时喜欢听爵士乐。)2. We listened to jazz at the coffee shop yesterday—it was very relaxing.(昨天我们在咖啡店听了爵士乐,很放松。)
62
jazz music
爵士乐
1. Jazz music originated in the United States in the early 20th century.(爵士乐起源于20世纪初的美国。)2. She learned to play jazz music on the piano when she was 10.(她10岁时学会了用钢琴弹奏爵士乐。)
63
jazz concert
爵士音乐会
1. There will be a jazz concert in the city square next Friday.(下周五城市广场将举办一场爵士音乐会。)2. My parents bought tickets for the jazz concert as my birthday gift.(父母买了爵士音乐会的门票当我的生日礼物。)
64
pop up suddenly
突然出现
1. A little rabbit popped up suddenly from behind the tree.(一只小兔子突然从树后冒了出来。)2. The idea popped up suddenly in his mind when he was taking a walk.(他散步时,这个想法突然出现在脑海里。)
65
pop up in mind
突然出现在脑海里
1. The memory of our trip to the beach popped up in my mind when I saw the photo.(看到这张照片,我们去海滩旅行的记忆突然出现在我脑海里。)2. A good solution popped up in her mind after she thought for a while.(她想了一会儿后,一个好办法突然出现在脑海里。)
66
pop up on the screen
突然出现在屏幕上
1. An advertisement popped up on the screen when I was using the app.(我用这个应用时,一个广告突然出现在屏幕上。)2. A message popped up on the screen to remind me of the meeting.(屏幕上突然弹出一条消息,提醒我开会。)
67
humble house
简陋的房子
1. He grew up in a humble house in the countryside.(他在农村一间简陋的房子里长大。)2. The humble house has only two rooms, but it’s full of love.(这间简陋的房子只有两个房间,但充满了爱。)
68
humble beginnings
卑微的出身
1. Many successful people come from humble beginnings and work hard to achieve their dreams.(许多成功人士出身卑微,通过努力实现梦想。)2. He never forgot his humble beginnings even after he became famous.(即使成名后,他也从未忘记自己卑微的出身。)
69
humble life
简朴的生活
1. The old couple lives a humble life—they grow their own vegetables and don’t buy expensive things.(这对老夫妇过着简朴的生活,自己种蔬菜,不买昂贵的东西。)2. He chose to live a humble life in the small town instead of working in the big city.(他选择在小镇过简朴的生活,而不是去大城市工作。)
70
compete with sb
和某人竞争
1. He will compete with students from other schools in the English speech contest.(他将和其他学校的学生在英语演讲比赛中竞争。)2. We should compete with each other in a friendly way to improve together.(我们应该友好竞争,共同进步。)
71
compete for sth
为某物竞争
1. All the teams are competing for the first prize in the basketball match.(所有队伍都在为篮球比赛的一等奖竞争。)2. Many students are competing for the chance to study abroad.(许多学生在为出国留学的机会竞争。)
72
compete in a race
参加比赛竞争
1. She trained hard for months to compete in the 100-meter race.(她训练了几个月,参加100米赛跑。)2. He was nervous but excited to compete in the school running race.(参加学校跑步比赛,他既紧张又兴奋。)
73
emphasise the importance of
强调……的重要性
1. Teachers always emphasise the importance of reading for students.(老师总是强调阅读对学生的重要性。)2. The report emphasises the importance of protecting endangered animals.(这份报告强调保护濒危动物的重要性。)
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emphasise that...
强调……(接从句)
1. The doctor emphasised that we should wash our hands frequently to prevent illness.(医生强调我们应该勤洗手预防疾病。)2. He emphasised that everyone should follow the school rules.(他强调每个人都应该遵守校规。)
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emphasise sth strongly
强烈强调某物
1. The government emphasised strongly the need to reduce air pollution.(政府强烈强调减少空气污染的必要性。)2. She emphasised strongly the value of honesty in her speech.(她在演讲中强烈强调诚实的价值。)
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post-war reconstruction
战后重建
1. The country started post-war reconstruction to rebuild homes and schools.(这个国家开始战后重建,重建家园和学校。)2. Post-war reconstruction took many years, but the country finally recovered.(战后重建花了很多年,但这个国家最终恢复了元气。)
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city reconstruction
城市重建
1. The old town is undergoing city reconstruction to improve living conditions.(这座老城区正在进行城市重建,改善居住条件。)2. City reconstruction has made the downtown area more beautiful and modern.(城市重建让市中心变得更美丽、更现代化。)
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reconstruction of the building
建筑重建
1. The reconstruction of the old library will be completed next year.(这座老图书馆的重建工作将于明年完成。)2. They raised money for the reconstruction of the damaged building.(他们为受损建筑的重建筹集资金。)
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a local journalist
当地记者
1. A local journalist reported on the opening of the new community center.(当地记者报道了新社区中心的开业情况。)2. We invited a local journalist to talk about his work at our school.(我们邀请了一位当地记者来学校谈他的工作。)
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work as a journalist
当记者
1. She has always wanted to work as a journalist to tell people the truth.(她一直想当记者,向人们传播真相。)2. He worked as a journalist for a newspaper before becoming a writer.(成为作家前,他在一家报社当记者。)
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interview by a journalist
被记者采访
1. The hero was interviewed by a journalist after saving the child.(救了孩子后,这位英雄被记者采访了。)2. Our school principal was interviewed by a journalist about education reform.(我们学校校长就教育改革被记者采访了。)
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a new era
新时代
1. The development of AI has brought us into a new era of technology.(人工智能的发展把我们带入了科技新时代。)2. We should work hard to create a better life in the new era.(我们应该努力在新时代创造更美好的生活。)
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in the era of...
在……时代
1. In the era of the Internet, people can communicate with each other easily.(在互联网时代,人们可以轻松地相互沟通。)2. In the era of global cooperation, countries need to work together to solve problems.(在全球合作时代,各国需要共同努力解决问题。)
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historical era
历史时代
1. We learned about different historical eras in our history class.(我们在历史课上学习了不同的历史时代。)2. This museum exhibits cultural relics from the Tang Dynasty, an important historical era.(这家博物馆展出唐朝的文物,唐朝是一个重要的历史时代。)
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economic reform
经济改革
1. Economic reform has greatly improved people’s living standards in China.(经济改革极大地提高了中国人民的生活水平。)2. The government continues to promote economic reform to develop the market.(政府继续推进经济改革,发展市场。)
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education reform
教育改革
1. Education reform aims to reduce students’ homework burden and improve quality.(教育改革旨在减轻学生作业负担,提高质量。)2. Our school has made some changes under the new education reform.(在新的教育改革下,我们学校发生了一些变化。)
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carry out reform
实施改革
1. The government plans to carry out reform in the medical system next year.(政府计划明年在医疗体系实施改革。)2. It takes time and effort to carry out reform successfully.(成功实施改革需要时间和努力。)
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since reform and opening-up
自改革开放以来
1. Since reform and opening-up, China has made remarkable achievements in many fields.(自改革开放以来,中国在许多领域取得了显著成就。)2. Many families have bought cars since reform and opening-up—life has become better.(自改革开放以来,许多家庭买了车,生活变好了。)
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achievements of reform and opening-up
改革开放的成就
1. The exhibition shows the achievements of reform and opening-up over the past 40 years.(这个展览展示了过去40年改革开放的成就。)2. We are proud of the achievements of reform and opening-up in our country.(我们为国家改革开放的成就感到自豪。)
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promote reform and opening-up
推进改革开放
1. The country will continue to promote reform and opening-up to achieve further development.(国家将继续推进改革开放,实现进一步发展。)2. We should support policies that promote reform and opening-up.(我们应该支持推进改革开放的政策。)
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pave the road
铺路
1. The government sent workers to pave the road in the mountain village.(政府派工人去山村铺路。)2. Paving the road will make it easier for villagers to go to the town.(铺路将让村民去镇上更方便。)
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pave the street with bricks
用砖铺街
1. They decided to pave the street with bricks to keep the traditional style of the old town.(他们决定用砖铺街,保留老城区的传统风格。)2. Paving the street with bricks makes the area look more beautiful.(用砖铺街让这个区域看起来更漂亮。)
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pave a path
铺小路
1. The park management decided to pave a path through the garden for visitors.(公园管理处决定在花园里铺一条小路供游客行走。)2. We helped to pave a path in the community garden last weekend.(上周末我们帮忙在社区花园里铺了一条小路。)
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