Unit 1 Growing up 词汇拓展短语背记（一） 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语Unit 1“Growing up”词汇拓展短语清单系统梳理了道德品质、成年责任、法律意识、生活技能等五大主题范畴，构建了从基础词义理解到语境应用的阶梯式学习支架，为学生提供清晰的语言输入与输出路径。 清单通过分类归类、难度分级和语境关联等方式呈现知识体系，如将“moral integrity”“personal integrity”等高频核心短语标注为高阶重点，并用例句对比强化语用差异，体现语言能力与思维品质的融合培养。特别设计“易混短语辨析表”（如“obey rules/obey orders/obey the law”）和“实用表达提示卡”（如“never drink behind the wheel”配安全警示图示），帮助学生精准记忆与迁移运用。同时支持教师按需提取模块用于课堂活动设计或分层作业布置，显著提升教学效率与学生自主学习便利性。

UNIT 1 Growing up.词汇拓展短语背记（一） 序号 短语或句型 意思 例句（中英对照） 1 moral integrity 道德正直 1. A person with moral integrity will never lie or cheat.（有道德正直的人从不撒谎或作弊。）2. Teachers often tell students to uphold moral integrity in life.（老师常告诉学生在生活中坚守道德正直。） 2 uphold integrity 坚守正直 1. He upheld integrity even when facing great pressure to compromise.（即使面临巨大的妥协压力，他仍坚守正直。）2. Upholding integrity is essential for building trust with others.（坚守正直对与他人建立信任至关重要。） 3 personal integrity 个人正直 1. His personal integrity made him refuse the illegal offer.（他的个人正直让他拒绝了非法提议。）2. Employers value candidates with strong personal integrity.（雇主重视个人正直度高的求职者。） 4 traditional virtues 传统美德 1. Filial piety is one of the important traditional virtues in China.（孝是中国重要的传统美德之一。）2. Schools should teach students to inherit traditional virtues.（学校应教学生传承传统美德。） 5 virtue of honesty 诚实的美德 1. The virtue of honesty helped him win the trust of his classmates.（诚实的美德帮助他赢得了同学的信任。）2. Parents should set an example to teach children the virtue of honesty.（父母应以身作则，教孩子诚实的美德。） 6 practice virtues 践行美德 1. We should practice virtues like kindness and patience in daily life.（我们应在日常生活中践行善良、耐心等美德。）2. Practicing virtues can make society more harmonious.（践行美德能让社会更和谐。） 7 driving licence 驾驶执照 1. You must have a valid driving licence to drive a car legally.（合法开车必须持有有效的驾驶执照。）2. He spent three months preparing for the driving licence exam.（他花了三个月准备驾驶执照考试。） 8 business licence 营业执照 1. Every company must apply for a business licence before starting operations.（每家公司开业前都必须申请营业执照。）2. The government checked the business licence of the new shop.（政府检查了这家新店的营业执照。） 9 apply for a licence 申请执照 1. She went to the local government office to apply for a business licence.（她去当地政府部门申请营业执照。）2. You need to provide relevant documents when applying for a driving licence.（申请驾驶执照时需提供相关材料。） 10 bank loan 银行贷款 1. They took out a bank loan to buy their first house.（他们申请了银行贷款来买第一套房子。）2. The bank approved his bank loan because of his stable income.（由于收入稳定，银行批准了他的银行贷款。） 11 take out a loan 申请贷款 1. Many small businesses take out a loan to expand their operations.（许多小企业申请贷款来扩大经营。）2. He decided to take out a loan from the bank to pay for his tuition.（他决定从银行申请贷款来支付学费。） 12 repay a loan 偿还贷款 1. They repay the bank loan in monthly installments.（他们按月分期偿还银行贷款。）2. It’s important to repay the loan on time to maintain a good credit record.（按时偿还贷款对保持良好信用记录很重要。） 13 enter adulthood 进入成年 1. Turning 18 means you enter adulthood in many countries.（在许多国家，满18岁意味着进入成年。）2. Entering adulthood brings more responsibilities and freedom.（进入成年带来更多责任和自由。） 14 transition to adulthood 向成年过渡 1. The transition to adulthood can be challenging for some teenagers.（对一些青少年来说，向成年过渡可能充满挑战。）2. Family support helps teenagers with their transition to adulthood.（家庭支持帮助青少年向成年过渡。） 15 experiences in adulthood 成年经历 1. His experiences in adulthood taught him to be more independent.（成年经历教会他更加独立。）2. We often share our interesting experiences in adulthood with friends.（我们常和朋友分享成年后的有趣经历。） 16 important milestone 重要里程碑 1. Graduating from university is an important milestone in life.（大学毕业是人生中的重要里程碑。）2. The launch of the new product was an important milestone for the company.（新产品的推出对公司来说是重要里程碑。） 17 milestone in life 人生里程碑 1. Getting married and having children are major milestones in life for many people.（结婚生子对许多人来说是人生中的重要里程碑。）2. She recorded every milestone in her life in a diary.（她在日记中记录了人生中的每个里程碑。） 18 reach a milestone 达到里程碑 1. The team reached a milestone by completing the project ahead of schedule.（团队提前完成项目，达到了一个里程碑。）2. He reached a personal milestone by running his first marathon.（他完成了第一次马拉松，达到了个人里程碑。） 19 presidential election 总统选举 1. The presidential election in the United States is held every four years.（美国的总统选举每四年举行一次。）2. Candidates for presidential election often give speeches across the country.（总统选举候选人常在全国范围内发表演讲。） 20 participate in an election 参与选举 1. Citizens over 18 have the right to participate in an election.（18岁以上公民有权利参与选举。）2. She volunteered to help people participate in the election by guiding them to vote.（她自愿帮助人们参与选举，指导他们投票。） 21 win an election 赢得选举 1. He won the election by getting more than 60% of the votes.（他获得了超过60%的选票，赢得了选举。）2. The party won the local election by focusing on people’s daily needs.（该政党关注民生需求，赢得了地方选举。） 22 hourly wage 时薪 1. The hourly wage for this part-time job is 20 yuan.（这份兼职工作的时薪是20元。）2. He works as a waiter with an hourly wage of 18 yuan plus tips.（他做服务员，时薪18元，外加小费。） 23 weekly wage 周薪 1. The company pays its employees a weekly wage every Friday.（这家公司每周五给员工发周薪。）2. His weekly wage is enough to cover his living expenses for a month.（他的周薪足够支付一个月的生活开支。） 24 earn a wage 挣工资 1. He started to earn a wage by working in a restaurant during summer vacation.（暑假期间，他在餐馆工作开始挣工资。）2. Many people earn a wage by doing manual work.（许多人通过体力劳动挣工资。） 25 income tax 所得税 1. Everyone who earns income above a certain level must pay income tax.（收入超过一定水平的人都必须缴纳所得税。）2. The government adjusted the income tax rate to reduce the burden on low-income groups.（政府调整了所得税率，减轻低收入群体负担。） 26 pay taxes 交税 1. It’s every citizen’s duty to pay taxes according to the law.（依法交税是每个公民的义务。）2. The company helps its employees pay taxes by deducting the amount from their salaries.（公司通过从工资中扣除税款，帮助员工交税。） 27 tax rate 税率 1. The tax rate for high-income earners is higher than that for low-income earners.（高收入者的税率高于低收入者。）2. The government announced a reduction in the tax rate for small businesses.（政府宣布降低小企业的税率。） 28 have a say in sth 在某事上有发言权 1. Students should have a say in decisions about school activities.（学生在学校活动的决策上应有发言权。）2. Employees have a say in how the company’s benefits are distributed.（员工在公司福利分配上有发言权。） 29 everyone has a say 每个人都有发言权 1. In a democratic society, everyone has a say in important public affairs.（在民主社会，每个人在重要公共事务上都有发言权。）2. Our class follows the rule that everyone has a say in group discussions.（我们班遵循小组讨论中每个人都有发言权的规则。） 30 give sb a say 给某人发言权 1. The teacher gave every student a say in choosing the class monitor.（老师给每个学生选择班长的发言权。）2. Parents should give their children a say in family decisions that affect them.（父母应在影响孩子的家庭决策中给他们发言权。） 31 be behind the wheel 在开车 1. He was tired but still insisted on being behind the wheel to take us home.（他很累，但仍坚持开车送我们回家。）2. It’s dangerous to be behind the wheel after drinking alcohol.（酒后开车很危险。） 32 never drink behind the wheel 开车不喝酒 1. The traffic police always remind drivers: never drink behind the wheel.（交警常提醒司机：开车不喝酒。）2. Our family rule is never drink behind the wheel, no matter how little.（我们家的规矩是开车不喝酒，无论多少。） 33 sit behind the wheel 坐在驾驶座上 1. She sat behind the wheel for the first time and felt a little nervous.（她第一次坐在驾驶座上，有点紧张。）2. The driver sat behind the wheel, waiting for the passengers to get on.（司机坐在驾驶座上，等乘客上车。） 34 call an ambulance 叫救护车 1. When someone has a heart attack, you should call an ambulance immediately.（有人心脏病发作时，应立即叫救护车。）2. He fell down the stairs and his roommate rushed to call an ambulance.（他从楼梯摔下，室友急忙叫救护车。） 35 ambulance service 救护服务 1. The ambulance service in this city is very efficient, arriving within 10 minutes.（这座城市的救护服务很高效，10分钟内就能到达。）2. We should support the development of ambulance services in rural areas.（我们应支持农村地区救护服务的发展。） 36 get into an ambulance 上救护车 1. The injured person was helped to get into the ambulance and taken to the hospital.（伤者被搀扶着上了救护车，送往医院。）2. She got into the ambulance with her sick child, worried about his condition.（她抱着生病的孩子上了救护车，担心他的状况。） 37 legal right 合法权利 1. Every citizen has the legal right to receive education.（每个公民都有接受教育的合法权利。）2. The lawyer helped her protect her legal rights in the divorce case.（律师帮助她在离婚案中保护合法权利。） 38 legal advice 法律咨询 1. Before signing the contract, you should seek legal advice from a professional.（签合同前，你应向专业人士寻求法律咨询。）2. The community provides free legal advice for elderly residents.（社区为老年居民提供免费法律咨询。） 39 be legal to do sth 做某事合法 1. It is legal to drive a car in China when you are 18 years old.（在中国，18岁开车是合法的。）2. Is it legal to sell this kind of product without a licence?（无执照销售这种产品合法吗？） 40 mature attitude 成熟的态度 1. She showed a mature attitude towards the mistake, admitting it and correcting it.（她对错误表现出成熟的态度，承认并改正了错误。）2. A mature attitude helps you solve problems more effectively.（成熟的态度帮助你更有效地解决问题。） 41 become mature 变得成熟 1. Going through difficulties can help a person become more mature.（经历困难能帮助一个人变得更成熟。）2. He became mature after taking care of his sick mother for a year.（照顾生病的母亲一年后，他变得成熟了。） 42 mature thinking 成熟的思维 1. Mature thinking allows you to consider problems from multiple angles.（成熟的思维让你能从多角度考虑问题。）2. The teacher praised him for his mature thinking in the debate.（老师表扬他在辩论中思维成熟。） 43 react instantly 立即反应 1. The firefighter reacted instantly when he heard the fire alarm.（消防员听到火警后立即反应。）2. You need to react instantly to avoid danger in an emergency.（紧急情况下，你需要立即反应以避开危险。） 44 instantly recognize 立即认出 1. She instantly recognized her childhood friend in the crowded street.（在拥挤的街道上，她立即认出了童年好友。）2. He instantly recognized the song as his favorite when it started playing.（歌曲一开始播放，他就立即认出这是他最喜欢的歌。） 45 instantly after 在……之后立即 1. Instantly after the rain stopped, the children ran out to play.（雨停之后，孩子们立即跑出去玩耍。）2. He called me instantly after he received the news.（他收到消息后立即给我打了电话。） 46 childhood memories 童年记忆 1. Looking at old photos brings back many happy childhood memories.（翻看旧照片唤起了许多快乐的童年记忆。）2. She often shares her interesting childhood memories with her children.（她常和孩子们分享自己有趣的童年记忆。） 47 happy childhood 快乐的童年 1. She had a happy childhood playing with her siblings in the countryside.（她在农村和兄弟姐妹一起玩耍，有一个快乐的童年。）2. A happy childhood has a positive impact on a person’s growth.（快乐的童年对人的成长有积极影响。） 48 spend childhood 度过童年 1. He spent his childhood in a small town by the sea.（他在海边的一个小镇度过了童年。）2. She spent her childhood learning to play the piano, which became her hobby.（她童年时学习弹钢琴，这后来成了她的爱好。） 49 obey rules 遵守规则 1. Students must obey school rules to maintain a good learning environment.（学生必须遵守校规，维护良好的学习环境。）2. Everyone should obey traffic rules to ensure road safety.（每个人都应遵守交通规则，确保道路安全。） 50 obey orders 服从命令 1. Soldiers are trained to obey orders without hesitation.（士兵接受的训练是毫不犹豫地服从命令。）2. The team members obeyed the coach’s orders and won the game.（队员们服从教练的命令，赢得了比赛。） 51 obey the law 遵守法律 1. Obeying the law is the basic duty of every citizen.（遵守法律是每个公民的基本义务。）2. No one is above the law—everyone must obey the law.（法律面前人人平等，所有人都必须遵守法律。） 52 subtle difference 细微差别 1. There is a subtle difference between the two colors that only experts can notice.（这两种颜色之间有细微差别，只有专家能察觉。）2. She can hear the subtle difference in the tone of his voice when he lies.（他撒谎时，她能听出他语气中的细微差别。） 53 subtle change 细微变化 1. The doctor noticed a subtle change in the patient’s condition and adjusted the treatment.（医生注意到病人病情的细微变化，调整了治疗方案。）2. Over time, subtle changes in the environment can affect the growth of plants.（随着时间推移，环境中的细微变化会影响植物生长。） 54 subtle expression 微妙的表情 1. A subtle expression of surprise appeared on his face when he heard the news.（听到消息时，他脸上露出一丝微妙的惊讶表情。）2. She is good at reading people’s subtle expressions to understand their feelings.（她擅长观察人们微妙的表情，了解他们的情绪。） 55 gradual change 逐渐的变化 1. The climate change is a gradual change that happens over many years.（气候变化是一个持续多年的逐渐变化。）2. Learning a language requires gradual change in your vocabulary and grammar.（学习语言需要词汇和语法的逐渐变化。） 56 gradual improvement 逐渐的改善 1. With daily practice, his English has shown a gradual improvement.（通过日常练习，他的英语有了逐渐的改善。）2. The company’s sales have seen a gradual improvement since the new policy was introduced.（新政策实施以来，公司销售额有了逐渐的改善。） 57 gradual process 逐渐的过程 1. Growing up is a gradual process that can’t be rushed.（成长是一个逐渐的过程，不能急于求成。）2. Building trust with others is a gradual process that takes time.（与他人建立信任是一个需要时间的逐渐过程。） 58 selfish person 自私的人 1. A selfish person only thinks about his own needs and ignores others.（自私的人只考虑自己的需求，忽视他人。）2. No one likes to work with a selfish person who refuses to help others.（没人喜欢和拒绝帮助他人的自私的人一起工作。） 59 selfish behavior 自私的行为 1. Taking all the snacks for himself is a selfish behavior.（把所有零食都留给自己是自私的行为。）2. Her selfish behavior of not sharing the umbrella made her friend angry.（她不分享雨伞的自私行为让朋友很生气。） 60 be selfish about 在……上自私 1. He is selfish about his toys and never lets other children play with them.（他在玩具上很自私，从不让其他孩子玩。）2. She is not selfish about her knowledge and often shares it with her classmates.（她在知识上不自私，常和同学分享。） 61 volunteer for organ donation 自愿器官捐献 1. Many people volunteer for organ donation to help save lives after their death.（许多人自愿器官捐献，以便死后帮助拯救生命。）2. He registered to volunteer for organ donation when he got his driver’s licence.（他考驾照时注册了自愿器官捐献。） 62 promote organ donation 推广器官捐献 1. The hospital holds activities to promote organ donation and raise public awareness.（医院举办活动推广器官捐献，提高公众意识。）2. Celebrities can use their influence to promote organ donation.（名人可以利用自身影响力推广器官捐献。） 63 organ donation system 器官捐献体系 1. China has been improving its organ donation system to ensure fairness.（中国一直在完善器官捐献体系，确保公平性。）2. A sound organ donation system is important for the development of organ transplantation.（完善的器官捐献体系对器官移植的发展很重要。） 64 get approval 获得赞成 1. He needs to get his parents’ approval before studying abroad.（他出国留学前需要获得父母的赞成。）2. The project plan must get the manager’s approval before it can be implemented.（项目计划必须获得经理的赞成才能实施。） 65 approval of sb 某人的赞成 1. The approval of his teacher gave him more confidence to continue his research.（老师的赞成给了他更多信心继续研究。）2. She worked hard to win the approval of her colleagues.（她努力工作，以赢得同事的赞成。） 66 give approval to 赞成…… 1. The committee gave approval to the new environmental protection plan.（委员会赞成了新的环保计划。）2. Parents gave approval to their children’s decision to start a small business.（父母赞成了孩子们开小公司的决定。） 67 steady job 稳定的工作 1. After graduation, she hoped to find a steady job in a big company.（毕业后，她希望在大公司找到一份稳定的工作。）2. A steady job provides a sense of security for most people.（对大多数人来说，稳定的工作能带来安全感。） 68 steady growth 稳定的增长 1. The company has achieved steady growth in sales over the past five years.（过去五年，该公司销售额实现了稳定的增长。）2. Steady growth of the economy is beneficial to social stability.（经济的稳定增长有利于社会稳定。） 69 keep steady 保持稳定 1. You need to keep your hands steady when taking photos.（拍照时你需要保持手稳定。）2. The government took measures to keep the price of daily necessities steady.（政府采取措施保持日用品价格稳定。） 70 tempt sb to do sth 诱惑某人做某事 1. The delicious smell of cookies tempted the child to reach for the jar.（饼干的香味诱惑孩子去够罐子。）2. Don’t let the desire for money tempt you to do illegal things.（别让金钱欲望诱惑你做违法的事。） 71 be tempted by 被……诱惑 1. She was tempted by the low price and bought the dress she didn’t need.（她被低价诱惑，买了不需要的裙子。）2. Many people are tempted by the convenience of online shopping.（许多人被网购的便利所诱惑。） 72 resist temptation 抵制诱惑 1. It’s important to resist the temptation to play games when you have homework to do.（有作业要做时，抵制玩游戏的诱惑很重要。）2. He managed to resist the temptation of smoking and quit successfully.（他成功抵制了吸烟的诱惑，戒掉了烟。） 73 school librarian 学校图书馆管理员 1. The school librarian helps students find the books they need for their reports.（学校图书馆管理员帮助学生找到写报告所需的书籍。）2. Our school librarian organizes reading activities every month.（我们学校的图书馆管理员每月组织阅读活动。） 74 ask the librarian 询问图书馆管理员 1. If you can’t find a book, you can ask the librarian for help.（如果你找不到书，可以询问图书馆管理员。）2. She asked the librarian about the opening hours of the library.（她向图书馆管理员询问了图书馆的开放时间。） 75 librarian's duty 图书馆管理员的职责 1. One of the librarian’s duties is to keep the books in order.（图书馆管理员的职责之一是保持书籍有序。）2. The librarian’s duty also includes guiding students to use library resources.（图书馆管理员的职责还包括指导学生使用图书馆资源。） 76 household chores 家务 1. Children should learn to do household chores like cleaning and washing dishes.（孩子应学会做打扫、洗碗等家务。）2. She divides household chores between her husband and herself.（她和丈夫分担家务。） 77 household income 家庭收入 1. The average household income in this city has increased by 10% this year.（该市平均家庭收入今年增长了10%。）2. They use part of their household income to save for their children’s education.（他们用部分家庭收入为孩子的教育存钱。） 78 household items 家庭用品 1. We need to buy some household items like toothpaste and soap before moving.（搬家前我们需要买牙膏、肥皂等家庭用品。）2. She likes to buy eco-friendly household items to protect the environment.（她喜欢买环保型家庭用品，以保护环境。） 79 daily commute 日常通勤 1. His daily commute to work takes about 40 minutes by subway.（他每天坐地铁通勤上班，大约需要40分钟。）2. Many people listen to music or read books during their daily commute.（许多人在日常通勤时听音乐或看书。） 80 long commute 长途通勤 1. A long commute can make you feel tired at the start of the workday.（长途通勤会让你在工作日开始时感到疲惫。）2. She moved closer to her office to avoid a long commute.（她搬到离办公室更近的地方，以避免长途通勤。） 81 commute time 通勤时间 1. The new road has reduced the commute time between the two cities.（新路缩短了两座城市之间的通勤时间。）2. She tries to avoid rush hour to save commute time.（她尽量避开高峰时段，以节省通勤时间。） 82 security deposit 押金 1. The landlord asked for a security deposit of 2,000 yuan when they rented the apartment.（租公寓时，房东要求交2000元押金。）2. The security deposit will be returned if the apartment is not damaged.（如果公寓没有损坏，押金将退还。） 83 pay a deposit 付订金 1. You need to pay a deposit of 500 yuan to reserve the hotel room.（预订酒店房间需要付500元订金。）2. He paid a deposit to order the new computer he wanted.（他付了订金，订购了想要的新电脑。） 84 return the deposit 退还订金 1. The store will return the deposit if you decide not to buy the product.（如果你决定不买该产品，商店会退还订金。）2. They waited for the landlord to return the deposit after moving out.（搬出后，他们等待房东退还押金。） 85 commitment to work 对工作的投入 1. His strong commitment to work made him win the “Employee of the Year” award.（他对工作的高度投入让他赢得了“年度员工”奖。）2. A good commitment to work helps you achieve better results.（对工作的良好投入帮助你取得更好的成绩。） 86 make a commitment 作出投入/承诺 1. Before starting the project, we need to make a commitment to finish it on time.（开始项目前，我们需要承诺按时完成它。）2. She made a commitment to exercise at least three times a week.（她承诺每周至少锻炼三次。） 87 strong commitment 强烈的投入 1. Strong commitment is needed to learn a difficult skill like playing the piano.（学习弹钢琴这样的难技能需要强烈的投入。）2. The team’s strong commitment helped them overcome all difficulties.（团队的强烈投入帮助他们克服了所有困难。） 88 suitable for 适合…… 1. This book is suitable for children aged 8 to 12.（这本书适合8到12岁的孩子。）2. The weather this weekend is suitable for a picnic.（这周末的天气适合去野餐。） 89 suitable job 合适的工作 1. She has been looking for a suitable job that matches her major.（她一直在找与专业匹配的合适工作。）2. A suitable job can make you more enthusiastic about work.（合适的工作能让你对工作更有热情。） 90 find suitable 找到合适的 1. It’s not easy to find suitable accommodation in a big city.（在大城市找到合适的住宿不容易。）2. He helped me find a suitable gift for my mother’s birthday.（他帮我找到一份适合妈妈生日的礼物。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $