精品解析：上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高二上学期开学摸底测验英语试卷

2025-2026学年度第一学期 高二英语摸底考试卷 (满分150分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上) 第一卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Their friends would take them to the beach. B. They wouldn’t mind taking the bus. C. Someone would drive them home. D. They wouldn’t be able to find a phone. 2. A. The man has to wash a thousand dishes. B. The man has more dishes than his brother. C. The man’s brother hasn’t washed the dishes yet. D. The man’s brother spends much time washing the dishes. 3. A. He’d like to reschedule the party. B. He and Joe aren’t free next Friday. C. He doesn’t know what to bring to the party. D. He isn’t sure if Joe is available on the party day. 4. A. The man took the wrong train. B. Delays in train service will continue. C. It’s better to take a train later in the day. D. Train service will return to normal in a few days. 5. A. Sports. B. Music. C. Hardware. D. Arts and crafts. 6. A. She has changed her schedule. B. She was sick on Friday. C. She works less than she used to. D. Her vacation started on Monday. 7. A. She’d also like to get a printer. B. The man should buy a high-quality printer. C. She needs a printer more than the man does. D. The man should invest in a printing company. 8. A. He doesn’t remember exactly what he said. B. He told the woman to try to get more sleep. C. He knew the woman would benefit from his advice. D. He didn’t expect that the woman would listen to him. 9. A. She thinks it’s cold, too. B. They need to get the freezer fixed again. C. She’d like the man to repeat what he said. D. The man told her that before. 10. A. Eat a late dinner. B. Cancel the break. C. Ski p dinner. D. Bring the man something to eat. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It can film things beyond one’s view. B. It can get data with its built-in devices. C. It can access one’s phone or tablet for data. D. It is linked with one’s desktop computers. 12. A. By gesturing or talking to the device. B. By touching one arm of the frame. C. By selecting built-in commands. D. By using data from one’s tablet. 13. A. It has proved useful to the consumer. B. It has greatly changed people’s life. C. Its value is still unpredictable now. D. It promises to be potentially profitable. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Weaker muscles. B. Change in eyeballs. C. Exposure to radiation. D. Body weight loss. 15. A. By lowering pressure in their skulls. B. By exercising with special equipment. C By fighting against radiation in space. D. By creating a man-made magnetic field. 16. A. Zero gravity is the only cause of astronauts’ health problems in space. B. The human body can adapt itself quickly to the environment in outer space. C. Men are more affected than women physically in zero gravity environment. D. There are problems to be solved for longer stays in space. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She only rested a little time between exercises. B. She did not rest after exercise. C. She attended the beginner’s class. D. She attended an advanced exercise class. 18. A. Lifting weights. B. Doing aerobics. C. Instructing the woman. D. Cooking breakfast. 19. A. Ten o’clock next evening. B. Ten o’clock next morning. C. Eight o’clock next evening. D. Eight o’clock next morning. 20. A. The winner cooks dinner. B. The winner entertains the family. C. The loser cooks dinner. D. The loser entertains the family. II. Multiple Choices(25’) 1. Learning the rules of a new language, especially ________ involving as many irregular verbs as English, can be frustrating. A. the one B. that C. some D. one 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：学习一门新语言的规则，尤其是像英语这样包含大量不规则动词的语言，可能会令人非常沮丧。A. the one那一个（特指某一个特定的事物）；B. that那个（指代前文的不可数名词或单数可数名词，为特指，且常带有后置定语）；C. some一些；D. one一个（泛指前文提到的同类单数可数名词）。根据句意可知，这里应用one泛指上文中“a new language”，从而避免名词重复，表示“一门和英语一样包含很多不规则动词的语言”。故选D项。 2. She showed us a(n) ________ chess set, which once graced Napoleon’s private study. A. ivory French antique B. ivory antique hand-carved C. French hand-carved ivory D. antique hand-carved ivory 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词的顺序。句意：她向我们展示了一套古董手工雕刻象牙象棋，这套象棋曾装点拿破仑的私人书房。A. ivory French antique材料+产地+新旧；B. ivory antique hand-carved材料+新旧+工艺；C. French hand-carved ivory产地+工艺+材料；D. antique hand-carved ivory新旧+工艺+材料。多个形容词作修饰名词的前置定语时，其顺序是：限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词等）→评述性形容词（表示观点、品质）→大小/长短/高低形容词→形状形容词→新旧/年龄形容词→颜色形容词→产地/国籍形容词→材料形容词→用途/类别形容词，工艺类形容词通常介于产地/国籍形容词和材料形容词之间，A项和B项顺序有误，再结合“that once graced Napoleon’s private study”可知，该物品很珍贵，antique“古董的，古老的”最能体现其历史价值，D项比C项更符合题意。故选D。 3. — The professor swears the exam answers leaked at exactly 2:15 a.m. from the online portal. — I ________ it. My phone battery died at midnight, and the dorm WiFi was down for the whole night, so there’s no log of me even logging in. A. can’t have done B. mustn’t have done C. may have done D. must have done 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——教授发誓说考试答案是在凌晨2点15分从在线门户网站泄露出去的。——我不可能泄露的。我的手机在午夜就没电了，而且宿舍的无线网络一整晚都断了，所以连我登录的记录都没有。A. can’t have done不可能做过；B. mustn’t have done（无此用法，mustn’t表示禁止）；C. may have done可能做过某事；D. must have done一定做过某事。根据“My phone battery died at midnight, and the dorm WiFi was down for the whole night, so there’s no log of me even logging in.”可知，后句阐述了“手机没电、WiFi中断”的客观证据，说明“我”不可能泄露答案，空格处应表达 “不可能做过”，故用 can’t have done。故选A。 4. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with grass ________ and trees ________, and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. to lie on; to provide shade; sat B. lying on; providing shade; sitting C. lying on; to provide shade; sitting D. to lie on; providing shade; sat 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查with复合结构和时态。句意：最后，我们发现我们身处一个宜人的公园，有草地可以躺，有树可以遮荫，于是我们坐下来吃野餐午餐。第一个空，表示“有草地可以躺”，用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，这里用lie on“躺在……上”的不定式to lie on，作宾语补足语，表示目的或用途，即草地是用来躺的；第二个空，表示“有树可以遮荫”，同样用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，provide shade“提供遮荫”与trees为主动关系，用现在分词providing shade作宾语补足语；第三个空，为句子的谓语，根据found可知，描述过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用sit“坐”的过去式sat。故选D。 5. The bill ________ data-privacy standards across the EU, and tech companies ________ that compliance costs will soar. A. concerns about; deeply concern B. concerns; are deeply concerned C. concerns that; are deeply concerned about D. is concerned about; are deeply concerned 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查concern用法。句意：该法案涉及欧盟范围内的数据隐私标准，科技公司则深切担忧合规成本将会飙升。分析句子可知，第一空应填及物动词concerns，表“涉及；关于”，主语通常是物（如法案、文件、问题等），直接接宾语；第二空考查be concerned about，意为“担忧；关心”，主语通常是人或组织，concerned在此处为形容词，表“担忧的”。故选B项。 6. The algorithm ranks ________ human intuition once considered priceless beyond measure, yet it also learns to question whether its own metrics still echo the heartbeat of what we truly value. A. how B. where C. what D. how what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个算法对人类直觉曾经认为无价的东西进行排名，然而，它也学会了质疑自己的指标是否仍然反映了我们真正珍视指物的核心特征。设空处引导名词性从句作ranks宾语，从句中缺少宾语，指物，填关系代词what。故选C项。 7. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so the defendant left the room really ________. A. to be worried B. being worried C. having been worried D. worried 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：法官们没有透露他们的想法，所以被告真的非常担心地离开了房间。so后句子谓语为left，此处为非谓语动词，描述被告离开房间时的状态，应用形容词化的过去分词形式worried“担心的”，作状语。故选D。 8. After you watch the documentary, you will know the way ________. A. how nature is ruined B. nature is being ruined C. in which to ruin nature D. that nature to be ruined 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：看完这部纪录片，你就会明白大自然正遭受破坏的方式。设空处为定语从句修饰先行词the way，表示“自然被破坏的方式”，先行词the way代入从句，在从句中作方式状语，此定语从句用关系词that/in which引导，后跟完整句子，that/in which可省略；A选项how nature is ruined，how引导名词性从句，不引导定语从句；C选项和D选项中关系词后不是完整句子；B选项正确，此定语从句省略了“that/in which”。故选B项。 9. The review board rejected the proposed survey ________ its questions might trigger subconscious distress among adolescent participants. A. on the grounds that B. with the intention that C. under the condition that D. despite the fact that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：审查委员会拒绝了这项提议的调查，理由是它的问题可能会在青少年参与者中引发潜意识痛苦。A. on the grounds that以……为理由，基于；B. with the intention that目的是，意图是；C. under the condition that在……条件下；D. despite the fact that尽管。结合“its questions might trigger subconscious distress among adolescent participants”可知，空格处应表达“以……为理由”，on the grounds that符合题意。故选A。 10. Many might think of Emily Dickinson as someone locked away from the world a spinster living and writing in her bedroom ________ she were in a self-made prison. A. as though B. even if C. in that D. on condition that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查连词短语辨析。句意：许多人可能认为艾米莉·狄金森是一个与世隔绝的人，一个在她的卧室里生活和写作的老姑娘，仿佛她身处一个自我建造的监狱。A. as though仿佛，好像，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；B. even if即使，虽然，引导让步状语从句；C. in that因为，引导原因状语从句；D. on condition that在……条件下，引导条件状语从句。根据“someone locked away from the world, a spinster living and writing in her bedroom”和“she were in a self-made prison”可知，此处是表示比喻，将其卧室比作自我建造的监狱，应用as though“仿佛，好像”引导方式状语从句，从句用了虚拟语气。故选A。 11. Sarah carefully reviewed the contract, then ________ it to the finance department for final approval before the board meeting scheduled next Tuesday. A. signed B. forwarded C. drafted D. released 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sarah仔细审阅了合同，然后将其提交至财务部以待下周二董事会会议前的最终审批。A. signed签署；B. forwarded转发，提交；C. drafted起草；D. released发布。根据“it to the finance department for final approval”可知，动词forwarded“转发，提交”符合题意，短语forward sth to sb表示“将某物转交或转发给某人”，符合公司审批流程的规范。故选B。 12. Even in rich countries, governments struggle to be able to ________ the necessary resources to the pressing issue of global warming. A. convince B. conquer C. consult D. commit 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在富裕国家，政府也难以将必要资源投入到全球变暖这一紧迫问题上。A. convince说服；B. conquer征服；C. consult咨询；D. commit投入（资源/资金）。根据“the necessary resources to”可知，动词commit“投入（资源/资金）”符合题意，表示“将资源专用于”，说明政府面临资源分配的困难。故选D。 13. She is ________ the most inventive coder on the team, routinely delivering elegant solutions weeks ahead of aggressive deadlines. A. submissively B. faithfully C. profitably D. arguably 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她可以说是团队里最有创造力的程序员，经常能在紧张的截止日期前几周就给出优雅的解决方案。A. submissively顺从地；B. faithfully忠实地；C. profitably有利可图地；D. arguably可以说，大概。根据“routinely delivering elegant solutions weeks ahead of aggressive deadlines”可知，句子表达对她能力的肯定，支持“她是最有创造力的”这一评价，arguably“可以说，大概”符合题意，常用于表达观点时留有余地，但实际带有肯定倾向。故选D。 14. Carbon dating offers vital clues, yet remains ________ within centuries, leaving archaeologists debating the temple’s true age. A. incorrect B. inexact C. incomplete D. inconsistent 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：碳同位素测年法提供了关键线索，但其结果仍存在数百年误差，导致考古学家对这座寺庙的真实年代争论不休。A. incorrect不正确的；B. inexact不精确的；C. incomplete不完整的；D. inconsistent不一致的。根据“leaving archaeologists debating the temple’s true age (导致考古学家对这座寺庙的真实年代争论不休)”可知，碳同位素测年法存在误差，不够精确，inexact“不精确的”符合题意。故选B。 15. Despite evidence, the ________ persists that humans use only ten percent of their brains, captivating self-help audiences worldwide. A. myth B. mystery C. medium D. memorandum 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有证据（反驳），但“人类只使用了大脑的10%”这一说法依然存在，吸引着全世界的自助受众。A. myth（广为流传但错误的）信念，说法；B. mystery谜，奥秘；C. medium媒介，手段；D. memorandum备忘录。结合“Despite evidence”及“humans use only ten percent of their brains”这一无科学依据的观点可知，空格处应表示“不实说法”，故用myth。故选A。 16. During the economic downturn, demand for short ________ courses surged as displaced workers sought quick credentials in renewable-energy installation. A. recreational B. vocational C. institutional D. generational 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在经济衰退期间，短期职业课程的需求激增，因为失业工人希望快速获得可再生能源安装领域的资质证书。A. recreational娱乐的；B. vocational职业的；C. institutional机构的；D. generational世代的。根据句意和“sought quick credentials in renewable-energy installation”可知，这里指失业工人寻求短期职业课程来提升自己的技能。故选B项。 17. The novel captures the collective ________ of villagers who lost homes, land, and ancestral songs to the rising river. A. contentment B. relief C. disgust D. sorrow 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部小说捕捉到了因河水上涨而失去家园、土地和祖传歌谣的村民们的集体悲痛。A. contentment满足；B. relief宽慰；C. disgust厌恶；D. sorrow悲痛。根据句意和“lost homes, land, and ancestral songs to the rising river”可知，“失去家园、土地和祖传歌谣”的村民应是感到悲痛的。故选D项。 18. The athlete’s legal team confirmed they will ________ against the four-year suspension, citing irregularities in the anti-doping panel’s chain-of-custody documentation. A. warn B. discriminate C. appeal D. vote 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该运动员的法律团队确认，他们将对为期四年的禁赛提出上诉，理由是反兴奋剂小组的监管文件链存在违规行为。A. warn警告；B. discriminate歧视；C. appeal上诉；D. vote投票。结合“against the four-year suspension, citing irregularities in the anti-doping panel’s chain-of-custody documentation”可知，此处指对禁赛提出“上诉”，appeal against“对……提出上诉”，固定搭配，故选C。 19. ________ drives teenagers to equate self-worth with branded sneakers, fueling anxiety when limited budgets collide with social media ideals. A. Materialism B. Collectivism C. Imperialism D. Individualism 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：物质主义驱使青少年将自我价值与名牌运动鞋挂钩，当有限预算遭遇社交媒体塑造的理想形象时，这种观念便加剧了他们的焦虑。A. Materialism物质主义；B. Collectivism集体主义；C. Imperialism帝国主义；D. Individualism个人主义。根据“drives teenagers to equate self-worth with branded sneakers (驱使青少年将自我价值与名牌运动鞋挂钩)”可知，名词Materialism“物质主义”符合题意，强调物质价值与社会地位的联系，可描述青少年通过高消费获取身份认同的现象。故选A。 20. Before negotiations began, the CEO stood to ________ enduring partnership, clinking glasses with investors. A. roast B. boast C. coast D. toast 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈判开始前，首席执行官起身为持久的合作伙伴关系举杯致意，与投资者们碰杯。A. roast烤，焙；B. boast自夸；C. coast惯性滑行；D. toast举杯敬酒。根据“clinking glasses with investors (与投资者们碰杯)”可知，动词toast“举杯敬酒”符合商务礼仪和语境，表示“起身为持久的合作伙伴关系举杯致意”。故选D。 21. Our beach wedding plans ________ after the resort canceled all bookings due to an approaching super typhoon. A. went through B. saw through C. fell through D. broke through 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于一场即将来临的超级台风，度假村取消了所有预订，我们的海滩婚礼计划泡汤了。A. went through经历，经受；B. saw through看穿，识破；C. fell through落空，失败；D. broke through突破，冲破。结合“after the resort canceled all bookings due to an approaching super typhoon”可知，空格处应表达“落空，失败”，fell through符合题意。故选C。 22 My grandfather still ________ teaching teenagers chess gambits that leave them speechless and humbled. A. is at the mercy of B. takes notice of C. is subjected to D. gets his kicks out of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我爷爷至今仍乐此不疲地教青少年下那些让他们哑口无言、自愧不如的国际象棋开局套路。A. is at the mercy of受……支配，任由……摆布；B. takes notice of注意到，关注；C. is subjected to遭受，被迫接受；D. gets his kicks out of从……中获得乐趣。根据“teaching teenagers chess gambits that leave them speechless and humbled”可知，gets his kicks out of“从……中获得乐趣”符合题意，表示“爷爷乐在其中”，符合“让青少年惊叹”的幽默语气。故选D。 23. Eager to impress, Maria spoke too fast and ________ as nervous, though her research was flawlessly prepared. A. came out B. came in C. came off D. came on 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：玛利亚急于给人留下好印象，她语速太快，显得紧张，尽管她的研究准备得无可挑剔。A. came out为人所知，出版，盛开，出现；B. came in流行，到达，起作用；C. came off显得，表现；D. came on开始，改进，上场。由“as nervous”以及语意可知，玛利亚因急于给他人留下好印象而显得紧张”，come off (as)“表现得像，显得”，符合语境。故选C项。 24. Overconfident freshmen recklessly ________ the advanced courses, only to discover questions far beyond their lecture notes. A. entered for B. ran for C. stood for D. answered for 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：过于自信的大一新生贸然报名参加高级课程，结果却发现问题远远超出了他们课堂笔记的范围。A. entered for报名参加（考试、竞赛等）；B. ran for竞选；C. stood for代表；D. answered for对……负责。结合“advanced courses” 可知，空格处应表示 “报名参加（课程）”，故用entered for。故选A。 25. Midway through therapy, she recognized she was ________ when panic attacks shrank from hours to fleeting minutes. A. on thin ice B. on the right track C. on the same page D. on the horizon 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：治疗进行到中期时，她意识到自己的方向是正确的——恐慌发作时间已从持续数小时缩短至转瞬即逝的几分钟。A. on thin ice处境危险；B. on the right track方向正确；C. on the same page达成共识；D. on the horizon即将发生。根据“when panic attacks shrank from hours to fleeting minutes (当恐慌发作时间已从持续数小时缩短至转瞬即逝的几分钟时)”可知，介词短语on the right track“方向正确”符合题意，对应症状减轻的治疗进展。故选B。 III. Vocabulary(1’ *20=20’) (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. admitting B. fade C. feverish D. honored E. proposing F. mark G. participation H. revelatory I. shower J. star K. still What makes a tradition—and why do people keep traditions alive? You might ask any of the children chosen to be Las Mayas in Colmenar Viejo, a village in Spain. Each spring, a few girls typically between the ages of 7 and 11 sit in elaborate altars(祭坛) decorated with fresh flowers to ___26___ the new season. As crowds pass by for two hours, the girls are to sit perfectly ___27___ , their facial expressions a sign of how seriously they take their roles. Families are ___28___ if their daughter is selected from the dozens of young girls who apply to participate in this local tradition with ancient roots. But taking part means weeks of ___29___ activity preparing the elaborate altars and dresses. Photographer Daniel Ochoa de Olza has spent his career documenting Spanish traditions, from the serious to the noble. At each, he wonders why they continue. He recalls a festival in Piornal, Spain, where villagers ___30___ an armored, devil-like character with turnips(萝卜). And there’s the famous festival of San Fermín in Pamplona, Ochoa de Olza’s hometown—the running of the bulls. “It’s stupid and it’s dangerous, but it’s our tradition, ” he says, ___31___ that he’s run nine times. The Maya girls create the compositions in which they ___32___ , so the portraits aren’t photographically daring, says Ochoa de Olza. But they’re ___33___ in the sense that, even in one’s own country, there are always new customs to discover—practices with vitality and beauty, even if they may be disappearing. The magic of being a Maya tends to ___34___ as the girls grow beyond childhood, says Ochoa de Olza. As teenagers, onetime Mayas tend to laugh off their past ___35___ , projecting cool by denying their youthful enthusiasm. And yet, as former Mayas have daughters of their own, the tradition continues. 【答案】26. F 27. K 28. D 29. C 30. I 31. A 32. J 33. H 34. B 35. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以西班牙科尔梅纳尔维霍镇“玛雅女孩”传统为例，结合摄影师记录，探讨传统的形式、人们参与原因及传统的延续。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：每年春天，一些通常在7到11岁之间的女孩会坐在用鲜花装饰的精美祭坛上，以此纪念新季节的到来。分析句子结构可知，此处“to”后接动词原形构成不定式，表目的。mark，有“纪念、标志”之意，符合“用特定仪式纪念新季节”的语境。故选F。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：人群经过的两个小时，女孩们要坐得纹丝不动，她们的面部表情表明她们对自己的角色多么认真。分析句子结构可知，“sit perfectly”后需接形容词作表语，描述坐姿状态。still，有“静止的、不动的”之意，符合“在仪式中保持静止坐姿”的语境。故选K。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果自家女儿能从数十名申请参与这一有着古老根源的当地传统活动的年轻女孩中脱颖而出，家庭会感到荣幸。分析句子结构可知，“are”后需接形容词作表语，描述家庭的感受。honored，有“感到荣幸的”之意，符合“孩子入选传统活动时家庭的积极感受”的语境。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但参与意味着要花费数周时间进行紧张忙碌的活动，准备精美的祭坛和服饰。分析句子结构可知，“activity”前需接形容词作定语，修饰活动的特点。feverish，有“紧张忙碌的、狂热的”之意，符合“为仪式做准备时忙碌的状态”的语境。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：他回忆起在西班牙皮奥纳的一个节日，村民们用萝卜向一个身着盔甲、形似魔鬼的角色投掷。分析句子结构可知，此处需填动词作谓语，描述村民的动作。shower，有“大量给予、投掷”之意，shower sb. with sth.，为固定搭配，表“用某物向某人投掷/喷洒”，符合节日中村民的特定行为语境。故选I。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：“这既愚蠢又危险，但这是我们的传统，”他说，同时承认自己已经跑了九次（奔牛）。分析句子结构可知，此处需填现在分词作伴随状语，补充说明“他说”时的附加动作。admitting，有“承认”之意，符合“在评价奔牛活动的同时，承认自己参与过”的语境。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：奥乔亚・德・奥尔萨说，玛雅女孩们会设计自己在其中担任主角的场景，因此这些肖像在摄影角度上并不大胆。分析句子结构可知，“in which”引导定语从句，从句中需填动词作谓语，描述女孩们在场景中的角色。star，有“担任主角、主演”之意，符合“女孩们在自己设计的仪式场景中是核心角色”的语境。故选J。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但这些肖像具有启示意义，因为即使在自己的国家，也总有新的习俗有待发现 —— 这些习俗充满活力与美感，即便它们可能正在消失。分析句子结构可知，“are”后需接形容词作表语，描述肖像的特点。revelatory， 有“有启示作用的、揭露真相的”之意，符合“肖像让人发现本国未知习俗”的语境。故选H。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：奥乔亚・德・奥尔萨说，随着女孩们长大，不再是孩子，成为玛雅女孩的魔力往往会逐渐消退。分析句子结构可知，“tends to”后需接动词原形，表示“倾向于发生的动作”。fade有“逐渐消失、褪去”之意，符合“童年的仪式魔力随年龄增长而消失”的语境。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：到了青少年时期，曾经的玛雅女孩们往往会对自己过去的参与一笑置之，通过否认年轻时的热情来表现得很酷。分析句子结构可知，“past”后需接名词作宾语，指代过去的经历。participation，有“参与”之意，符合“女孩们回顾童年参与传统活动的经历”的语境。故选G。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. boasts B. commuters C. companions D. fooled E. identifiers F. sought-after G. sparks H. striking I. starters J. text-based K. time-honored Why are people hanging plush toys on their bags? In today’s urban landscapes, a fascinating trend is emerging among young people: their bags are becoming canvases for self-expression. Whether it’s subway ___36___ with plush toys dangling from zippers or shoppers adorned with tin badges, bags — be they shoulder bags or backpacks — are being transformed into personalized statements. Plush toys reign supreme as the most popular bag charms. From the highly ___37___ Labubu and the laid-back capybara to Disney’s beloved characters like Linabell and StellaLou, these fluffy ___38___ travel everywhere with their owners. For fans of music and theater, ___39___ charms are the go-to accessory. These vibrant “bag billboards” feature lyrics or inside jokes, serving as subtle yet bold ___40___ for like-minded communities. The anime and manga fandom ___41___ an endless array of IP-inspired charms, collectively known as “goods”. This niche is a vibrant playground for creativity. Don’t be ___42___ by the small size of these bag charms, behind them lies a fascinating psychological significance. Touchable emoji updates Bag charms act as tangible “emoji updates” — personal declarations that are both subtle and ___43___. They offer glimpses into the wearer’s unspoken feelings. Emotional stress reliever Touching soft charms stimulates pleasurable neural signals, reduces stress hormones, and ___44___ joy — a pocket-sized therapy. Unspoken passport Like secret handshakes, these charms unite tribes. They’re silent conversation ____45____ for those who “get it”. Self-expression ID Whether for fandom or self-identity, these tiny accessories reflect who we are — or aspire to be. 【答案】36. B 37. F 38. C 39. J 40. E 41. A 42. D 43. H 44. G 45. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了年轻人挂包饰潮流及背后意义。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论是地铁通勤者拉链上悬挂着毛绒玩具，还是购物者佩戴着锡制徽章，背包（无论是单肩包还是双肩包）都在被改造成个性化的宣言。根据空前的“subway”可知，这里说的是地铁里的人，即通勤者，commuter表示“通勤者”，符合语境，且不止一个通勤者，用复数形式，作表语。故选B。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从备受追捧的拉布布和悠闲的水豚，到迪士尼深受喜爱的角色，如玲娜贝儿和星黛露，这些毛茸茸的伙伴们和它们的主人形影不离。根据“highly”和“Labubu”可知，这里说的是这些毛绒玩具很受欢迎，sought-after表示“受欢迎的，抢手的”，符合语境，作定语，修饰Labubu。故选F。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。根据“travel everywhere with their owners”可知，这里说的是毛绒玩具是人们的伙伴，用companion“伙伴，同伴”，不止一个伙伴，用复数形式，作主语。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对于音乐和戏剧的粉丝来说，基于文本的魅力饰品是必备配饰。根据“fans of music and theater”可知，这里说的是基于文本的魅力饰品，用text-based“基于文本的”，作定语，修饰charms。故选J。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些充满活力的“包上广告牌”以歌词或圈内笑话为特色，是志同道合群体微妙但鲜明的身份标识。根据“for like-minded communities”可知，这里说的是这些饰品是群体的标识，用名词identifier“标识，识别物”，且标识不止一个，用复数形式，作主语。故选E。 【41题详解】 考查动词。句意：动漫和漫画迷们拥有无数受知识产权启发的魅力饰品，统称为“商品”。根据“an endless array of IP-inspired charms, collectively known as “goods””可知，这里说的是动漫和漫画迷们拥有很多这样的饰品，用动词boast“拥有（值得骄傲的东西）”，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The anime and manga fandom为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数boasts。故选A。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要被这些包饰的小尺寸所迷惑，它们背后有着迷人的心理意义。根据空后的“by the small size of these bag charms, behind them lies a fascinating psychological significance”可知，这里说的是不要被小尺寸迷惑，用动词fool“欺骗，迷惑”，且与逻辑主语you为被动关系，用be fooled表被动，本空用fooled。故选D。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：包饰就像有形的“表情符号更新”——既微妙又引人注目的个人宣言。此处与“subtle”形成对比，指包饰能鲜明地展现个人特质，用形容词striking“醒目的，引人注目的”，作表语。故选H。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：触摸柔软的饰品会刺激愉悦的神经信号，减少压力荷尔蒙，并激发快乐——这是一种口袋大小的疗法。根据“joy”可知，这里说的是触摸饰品能激发快乐，用动词spark“激发，引发”，且主语Touching soft charms为第三人称单数，本空用第三人称单数sparks，和“stimulates”“reduces”并列。故选G。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们就像秘密握手一样，是那些“懂的人”之间无声的对话开端。根据“They’re silent conversation”可知，这里说的是这些饰品是对话的开端，用名词starter“开端，起始者”，开端不止一个，用复数形式，作表语。故选I。 IV. Reading Comprehension(15’+30’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The word graffiti simply means words or drawings or scratched or scribbled (乱涂) on a wall and has been around since humans have lived in societies. Most people now agree that art in the form of graffiti ____46____ in New York in the 1960s and it has been developing ever since. However, it is not readily accepted as being art, like those works that we go to galleries or museums to see. It is not ____47____ the status of genuine art because of a lack of form or other basic aesthetic (美学的) elements. In fact, most of the opposition of illegality, incoherence and non-standard presentation does not necessarily ____48____ it as art. There are three main levels and types of graffiti. First, there is the “tag” — the stylized writing of a name — which, while it might ____49____ a style of writing, has little or no aesthetic appeal. In fact, the tag or individual mark is not produced for aesthetic purposes but is basically a means of indicating the writer’s ____50____ — the age-old statement of “I was here”. Murals (壁画) for community enhancement and beautification are also a form of graffiti, even though they are not thought of in this way because most murals are formally ____51____. These are more colorful and complex. They take a considerable amount of skill to complete, and murals can be done in a graffiti art style or as a traditional pictorial scene. The last form of graffiti is graffiti art, which is the ____52____ use of spray-paint to produce an artwork that is graffiti or done in a graffiti-like style. The reasons and values for why one might engage in graffiti art are as ____53____ as the artists who produce it. A chief reason is the prospect of fame and recognition of one’s artistic talent. Graffiti is also a form of self-expression. The art as “writing” is a method of communicating with other writers and the general public. What it communicates is the artist’s ____54____ expression and ideas. Judgments are based solely on one’s artistic ability. This type of communication is of value because it links people regardless of cultural, linguistic or racial ____55____ in a way that nothing else can. ____56____, producing graffiti art with a crew builds teamwork in that the crew works together for the accomplishment of a common goal. Some graffitists view their art as a ____57____ against the established art market and gallery system, in that art is not only that which appears in a gallery as determined by the curator (策展人). Some also view their creations on public and private spaces as statements against private ____58____. Of course, the majority of graffitists enjoy what they do and find it to be fun, rewarding and exciting. Although these reasons are valid, they do not ____59____ settle the matter as to why graffiti art is art or why it is a valid art form despite its ____60____ origins. 46. A. benefited B. approached C. originated D. functioned 47. A. considered B. denied C. given D. charged 48. A. remove B. regard C. accept D. disqualify 49. A. suggest B. destroy C. launch D. prefer 50. A. reputation B. interest C. presence D. talent 51. A. allowed for B. arranged for C. applied for D. accounted for 52. A. creative B. excessive C. traditional D. domestic 53. A. famous B. varied C. innovative D. disappointing 54. A. signature B. identity C. masterpiece D. appearance 55. A. differences B. prejudices C. violence D. injustice 56. A. After all B. Even so C. In addition D. On the whole 57. A. competition B. judgment C. protection D. protest 58. A. conversations B. life C. visits D. property 59. A. efficiently B. defensively C. disagreeably D. conclusively 60. A. illegal B. irregular C. irresponsible D. irrelevant 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. D 59. D 60. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了涂鸦艺术的起源、类型、创作动机及其艺术价值等相关内容。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在大多数人同意，涂鸦艺术形式的起源可以追溯到20世纪60年代的纽约，并且从那时起一直在发展。A. benefited使……受益；B. approached接近；C. originated起源；D. functioned起作用。根据下文“in New York in the 1960s and it has been developing ever since”可知，此处指涂鸦艺术形式的起源。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它（涂鸦）并未因缺乏形式或其他基本美学元素而被否认具有真正艺术的地位。A. considered考虑；B. denied否认；C. given给予，赋予；D. charged收费。根据下文“In fact, most of the opposition of illegality, incoherence and non-standard presentation does not necessarily ____ it as art.”可知，大多数关于非法性、不连贯性和非标准呈现的反对意见并不一定使它失去作为艺术的资格。所以涂鸦并未因缺乏形式或其他基本美学元素而被否认具有真正艺术的地位。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，大多数关于非法性、不连贯性和非标准呈现的反对意见并不一定使它失去作为艺术的资格。A. remove移除；B. regard认为；C. accept接受；D. disqualify使失去资格。根据上文“most of the opposition of illegality, incoherence and non-standard presentation does not necessarily”可知，这些反对意见试图否定其艺术资格，大多数关于非法性、不连贯性和非标准呈现的反对意见并不一定使它失去作为艺术的资格。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先是“标签”—— 一种风格化的名字书写 —— 虽然它可能体现一种书写风格，但几乎没有或根本没有美学吸引力。A. suggest暗示，体现；B. destroy破坏；C. launch发射；D. prefer偏爱。根据下文“a style of writing”可知，“标签”能体现书写风格。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，标签或个人标记不是为了美学目的而制作的，而是基本上是一种表明书写者存在的手段——“我在这里”这句古老的话。A. reputation名声；B. interest兴趣；C. presence存在；D. talent才能。根据下文“the age-old statement of “I was here”.”可知，标签是为了表明自己的存在。故选C。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为社区提升和美化而绘制的壁画也是一种涂鸦形式，尽管人们并不这样认为，因为大多数壁画都是正式安排的。A. allowed for考虑到；B. arranged for安排；C. applied for申请；D. accounted for解释。根据上文“most murals are formally”可知，此处指大多数壁画都是正式安排的。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一种涂鸦形式是涂鸦艺术，它是创造性地使用喷漆来创作一件涂鸦作品或以涂鸦风格完成的作品。A. creative创造性的；B. excessive过度的；C. traditional传统的；D. domestic国内的。根据下文“produce an artwork”可知，创作艺术品需要创造性。故选A。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们从事涂鸦艺术的原因和价值观与创作涂鸦的艺术家一样多种多样。A. famous著名的；B. varied各种各样的；C. innovative创新的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“A chief reason is the prospect of fame and recognition of one’s artistic talent. Graffiti is also a form of self-expression.”可知，人们从事涂鸦艺术的原因和价值观多种多样。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它所传达的是艺术家的身份表达和思想。A. signature签名；B. identity身份；C. masterpiece杰作；D. appearance外貌。根据下文“Judgments are based solely on one’s artistic ability”可知，涂鸦传达的是艺术家的自我身份相关的表达，identity符合语境。故选B。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种类型的交流是有价值的，因为它以一种其他任何方式都无法做到的方式将人们联系在一起，无论文化、语言或种族差异如何。A. differences差异；B. prejudices偏见；C. violence暴力；D. injustice不公正。根据上文“links people regardless of cultural, linguistic or racial”可知，此处指无论文化、语言或种族差异如何，这种交流都能将人们联系在一起，此处指跨越各种差异。故选A。 【56题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：此外，与团队一起创作涂鸦艺术可以培养团队合作精神，因为团队成员共同努力实现一个共同的目标。A. After all毕竟；B. Even so即使如此；C. In addition此外；D. On the whole总体上。根据上文“The art as “writing” is a method of communicating with other writers and the general public.”、“This type of communication is of value because it links people regardless of cultural, linguistic or racial”和下文“producing graffiti art with a crew builds teamwork in that the crew works together for the accomplishment of a common goal”可知，上文讲了涂鸦的交流价值，此处补充团队创作的意义，In addition表递进，符合语境。故选C。 【57题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些涂鸦艺术家将他们的艺术视为对既定的艺术市场和画廊制度的抗议，因为艺术不仅仅是在画廊里展示的，而是由策展人决定的。A. competition竞争；B. judgment判断；C. protection保护；D. protest抗议。根据下文“against the established art market and gallery system”可知，此处指一些涂鸦艺术家将他们的艺术视为对既定的艺术市场和画廊制度的抗议。故选D。 【58题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人还将他们在公共和私人空间的创作视为对私有财产的抗议。A. conversations对话；B. life生活；C. visits参观；D. property财产。根据上文“creations on public and private spaces”可知，在公共和私人空间的创作可能被视为对私有财产的抗议。故选D。 【59题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这些理由是合理的，但它们并没有最终解决涂鸦艺术为什么是艺术或为什么它是一种有效的艺术形式的问题，尽管它的起源是非法的。A. efficiently高效地；B. defensively防御地；C. disagreeably不愉快地；D. conclusively最终地。根据下文“settle the matter as to why graffiti art is art or why it is a valid art form”可知，这些理由未能最终解决问题。故选D。 【60题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. illegal非法的；B. irregular不规则的；C. irresponsible不负责任的；D. irrelevant不相关的。根据上文“The word graffiti simply means words or drawings or scratched or scribbled (乱涂) on a wall”可知，涂鸦的起源是非法的。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Nala the cat, a Siamese and tabby mix, is slightly cross-eyed with gray and white fur. She likes being petted but isn’t a fan of being held. She was rescued from an animal shelter and really loves men with beards. She happens to have more than 4.4 million followers on Instagram, making her the most followed cat on the photo-sharing app. Her owners, Varisiri “Pookie” Methachittiphan and Shannon Ellis, also have five other cats and one dog running around their home — all of whom are Internet famous. Animals have long been popular online, and having especially photogenic (上镜的) pets has led people like Methachittiphan and Ellis to a lucrative full-time career. “The hardest part is that you never really have a day off. It’s 24/7,” Methachittiphan told CNN Business. For Nala’s Instagram account, they keep it pretty simple. She’s pictured making funny faces or playing with boxes. For some photos, they dress her up in costumes such as a space suit or with accessories on her head like crowns. Methachittiphan adopted Nala in 2010 in Los Angeles when she was a master’s student and made an Instagram account for her two years later when the service started taking off. “It really happened by accident,” she said. By the second week, Nala had 500 followers, and by the fourth month, she had reached almost 50,000.” Methachittiphan took the cat’s growing fame very seriously. In the early days, she experimented with hashtags and finding the optimal time to post on Instagram to keep growing Nala’s following. When she was featured on Instagram’s “Popular” page, now called “Explore”, Methachittiphan began setting an alarm for 5 a.m. to post photos and increase Nala’s chances of being chosen again to help increase her exposure. Brands soon started reaching out about sponsored content deals with Nala. That’s when Methachittiphan decided to turn the cat’s Instagram following into a career. In addition to sponsored content deals, they use their accounts to raise awareness about animal hunger, fostering pets, adopting animals from shelters and educating people about proper pet parenting. “We know that we have to build something that is sustainable, that lives on its own. That thing will be Nala’s legacy,” Ellis said. 61. What can we learn about Nala according to the first two paragraphs? A. She is a crossbred cat. B. She was born in an animal shelter. C. She now stays with seven other pets. D. She doesn’t enjoy the company of humans. 62. Which of the following is the correct order of Nala’s story? ①Nala got popular and attracted many sponsors. ②Nala’s Instagram account was created in 2012. ③Nala’s accounts were employed to make a difference. ④Nala had almost fifty thousand followers on Instagram. ⑤Nala’s owner figured out the best time to post her photos A. ①⑤②④③ B. ②①④③⑤ C. ①②⑤③④ D. ②④⑤①③ 63. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. Nala’s popularity has slipped away recently B. Nala’s going viral happened by chance C. Nala’s owners had several jobs to make ends meet D. Nala’s owners donated large sums to charity 64. Methachittiphan and Ellis can be described as ________. A. rich and generous B. powerful and tricky C. quick and humorous D. creative and devoted 【答案】61. A 62. D 63. B 64. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了网红猫Nala的成名经历及其主人的相关运营和公益行动。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nala the cat, a Siamese and tabby mix, is slightly cross-eyed with gray and white fur.(猫咪Nala是暹罗猫和虎斑猫的混种，它有点斜视，灰白相间的皮毛。)”可知，Nala是一只混种猫。故选A。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Methachittiphan adopted Nala in 2010 in Los Angeles when she was a master’s student and made an Instagram account for her two years later when the service started taking off.(2010年，Methachittiphan在洛杉矶收养了Nala，当时她还是一名硕士生。两年后，当Instagram开始流行时，她为Nala创建了一个账号。)”可知，②Nala的Instagram账号创建于2012年，排第一；根据第五段中“By the second week, Nala had 500 followers, and by the fourth month, she had reached almost 50, 000.(到第二周，Nala已经有500名粉丝，到第四个月，她的粉丝数已经接近5万。)”可知，④Nala在Instagram上有近5万粉丝，排第二；根据第六段中“In the early days, she experimented with hashtags and finding the optimal time to post on Instagram to keep growing Nala’s following.(在早期，她尝试使用标签，并找到在Instagram上发帖的最佳时间，以不断增加Nala的粉丝数量。)”可知，⑤Nala的主人找到了发布她照片的最佳时间，排第三；根据第六段中“Brands soon started reaching out about sponsored content deals with Nala.(品牌商家很快就开始联系Nala，希望与她合作赞助内容。)”可知，①Nala走红，吸引了很多赞助商，排第四；根据第七段中“In addition to sponsored content deals, they use their accounts to raise awareness about animal hunger, fostering pets, adopting animals from shelters and educating people about proper pet parenting.(除了赞助内容交易，他们还利用自己的账号提高人们对动物饥饿、寄养宠物、从收容所收养动物以及教育人们正确养宠的认识。)”可知，③Nala的账号被用来发挥作用，排第五。因此，Nala的故事的正确顺序是②④⑤①③。故选D。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段““It really happened by accident,” she said. By the second week, Nala had 500 followers, and by the fourth month, she had reached almost 50,000.”(“这真的是偶然发生的，”她说。到第二周，Nala已经有500名粉丝，到第四个月，她的粉丝数已经接近5万。)”可知，Nala的走红纯属偶然。故选B。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“For Nala’s Instagram account, they keep it pretty simple. She’s pictured making funny faces or playing with boxes. For some photos, they dress her up in costumes such as a space suit or with accessories on her head like crowns.(对于Nala的Instagram账号，他们保持得相当简单。照片中的它要么在做鬼脸，要么在玩盒子。在一些照片中，他们会给它穿上太空服等服装，或者给它戴上皇冠等头饰。)”以及第七段中“In addition to sponsored content deals, they use their accounts to raise awareness about animal hunger, fostering pets, adopting animals from shelters and educating people about proper pet parenting.(除了赞助内容交易，他们还利用自己的账号提高人们对动物饥饿、寄养宠物、从收容所收养动物以及教育人们正确养宠的认识。)”可知，Methachittiphan和Ellis非常有创意，并且致力于公益事业。故选D。 (B) As fall approaches, new students will arrive on college campuses with all kinds of things: luggage and school supplies, mini fridges and sports equipment. Experts suggest that parents and teenagers take proactive steps now to help plan for and preserve mental well-being during the big transition to college. Connect early with the counseling center Consider contacting the college’s counseling center before you arrive on campus. This is particularly important for those who already have an emotional disorder or other mental health concern. Check to see if the counseling center provides off-campus referrals, and assemble a short list of potential providers to have in your back pocket ahead of arriving at school. This is a good practice for any student, as it may be necessary to seek outside support if the school’s counseling center develops a waiting list. Embrace other types of support There are many resources available to students besides the counseling center. Tutoring, peer advising, student activities and career services can all help support a student’s emotional well-being. Connecting with other students is especially important, the experts said. Spend some time looking at the school’s extracurricular activities and clubs. Consider having a roommate even if you have the option of living alone, Mrs. Martin said. It can broaden your social network and help buffer stressors. Practice basic wellness habits In the summer before college, teenagers should take stock of how they’re eating, sleeping and socializing, the experts said, especially given that they may have formed some unhealthy habits during the pandemic. If a student’s basic needs are neglected, it becomes more difficult to cultivate a healthier mental state. Learning how to support yourself and taking steps to become more independent can also make the college transition less jarring. Before arriving on campus, practice managing a budget; advocating for yourself with a teacher, doctor or coach; or spending time outside of your childhood home — perhaps with a relative, or at summer camp. 65. According to the passage, experts suggest the following ways EXCEPT ________ for students to be emotionally well. A. living with their peers. B. developing good personal habits. C. taking part in after-school activities. D. always seeking advice at school counseling centers. 66. The underlined word “jarring” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. smooth. B. gradual. C. sudden. D. annoying. 67. The passage is intended for ________. A. senior college students seeking advice on mental health. B. university students majoring in psychology. C. students heading to college in the coming autumn. D. would-be college students suffering mental disorder. 【答案】65. D 66. C 67. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为即将入学的大学新生提供心理健康准备指南，包括提前利用校内资源、参与社交活动和培养独立生活习惯，以平稳适应大学生活。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据Connect early with the counseling center部分第一段中“Consider contacting the college’s counseling center before you arrive on campus. (考虑在到校前就主动联系学校的心理咨询中心)”、Embrace other types of support部分第二段中“Spend some time looking at the school’s extracurricular activities and clubs. Consider having a roommate even if you have the option of living alone, Mrs. Martin said. It can broaden your social network and help buffer stressors. (不妨花些时间了解学校的课外活动和社团情况。Martin女士建议，即使可以选择独居，也应考虑找个室友。这既能拓展你的社交圈，又能帮助缓冲压力。)”和Practice basic wellness habits部分第一段中“In the summer before college, teenagers should take stock of how they’re eating, sleeping and socializing (在进入大学前的暑假，青少年应该好好审视自己的饮食、睡眠和社交状况)”可知，让学生保持情绪良好的建议包括和同龄人住在一起、养成良好的个人习惯以及参加课外活动，原文建议必要时寻求校内咨询中心，而非总是依赖校内咨询中心。故选D项。 【66题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Learning how to support yourself and taking steps to become more independent (学会独立自理并逐步提升自主能力)”和下文“Before arriving on campus, practice managing a budget; advocating for yourself with a teacher, doctor or coach; or spending time outside of your childhood home — perhaps with a relative, or at summer camp. (在入校前，你可以尝试练习这些生活技能：管理个人预算、向老师、医生或者教练表达自身需求，或是离开成长环境独立生活——比如暂住亲戚家，或是参加夏令营)”可知，练习管理预算、表达自身需求等生活技能，从而培养独立性的目的是减少适应大学生活时面临的剧烈冲击，画线词jarring意思应该是“突兀的，不协调的”，与sudden“突然的”语义最接近。故选C项。 【67题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“As fall approaches, new students will arrive on college campuses with all kinds of things: luggage and school supplies, mini fridges and sports equipment. Experts suggest that parents and teenagers take proactive steps now to help plan for and preserve mental well-being during the big transition to college. (随着秋季临近，新生们将带着各式各样的物品涌入大学校园：行李箱和学习用品、迷你冰箱和运动装备。专家建议，家长和青少年现在就应该采取积极措施，帮助规划和维持心理健康，以应对大学阶段的重大过渡)”可知，文章提供的心理健康准备指南主要针对的是秋季即将入学的大学新生，以帮助他们平稳适应大学生活。故选C项。 (C) In today’s data-driven world, the value of data has been likened to that of oil, but unlike oil, data is not a finite resource — it grows continuously as new information is created. Businesses, particularly those employing AI algorithms, rely on data more than ever to drive success. However, a challenge that has arisen is ensuring the data used is reliable, objective, and ethically sourced. Concerns are mounting over the use of shady data sources and “black-box” collection methods, where businesses are unsure of how the data was sourced, raising ethical and legal issues. Rachel Aldighieri of the Data and Marketing Association (DMA) stresses that ethical practices in data collection are essential, especially as businesses increasingly use AI to automate decision-making processes. Inappropriate data usage can lead to inaccurate AI models and prejudiced outcomes. Stephen Lester, CTO at Paragon, echoes this sentiment, noting that companies should use open methods to collect data, ensuring participants know how their data is being used and that they receive proper payment. To follow data protection rules, businesses should balance their needs with individuals’ rights. This helps ensure they have the right permissions to use collected data, building customer trust and reducing legal risks. They should also consult resources like the DMA Code for guidance on ethical data practices. However, obtaining reliable data isn’t always straightforward. Open-source datasets are available, but they often lack quality controls and safeguards against bias. Synthetic data, generated by AI, offers an alternative, allowing companies to train AI models without risking real individuals’ privacy. Although synthetic data isn’t linked to real people, businesses must be cautious about potential inaccuracies. A notable tool in this space is MIT’s Synthetic Data Vault, which helps generate synthetic data for a variety of enterprise use cases. Despite its usefulness, there remain concerns about the accuracy of such data when used for critical AI training. Chris Stephenson from Sagacity highlights the importance of training AI models with error-checking mechanisms. He notes that while synthetic data can be useful, businesses must remain careful about how algorithms are trained, paying close attention to the potential for mistakes or biases to slip through unnoticed. As ethical concerns rise, businesses are expected to carefully review their data collection practices. They should know where their data comes from, avoid unreliable sources, and ensure data used in AI models is accurate and fair. Ultimately, organizations must be open and accountable in their data practices to remain trustworthy. 68. What does the phrase “echoes this sentiment” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Agrees with clear and ethical data practices. B. Disapproves of the views on data collection. C. Questions the use of open data collection methods. D. Ignores the ethical concerns surrounding AI and data. 69. What can be learned from paragraphs 3 and 4? A. There are tools to ensure data accuracy. B. Reliable data is extremely hard to obtain. C. Ethical data practices lack clear definitions. D. Synthetic data should generally be restricted. 70. Which of the following statements is Chris Stephenson most likely to agree with? A. Error-checking tools are already mature for practical use. B. Data protection rules should be prioritized over data accuracy. C. Mistakes may remain undetected during the training of AI models. D. Synthetic data is the best way to collect data for AI model training. 71. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Synthetic data solves most ethical concerns associated with AI. B. Data collection practices in Al have limited ethical implications. C. Ethical data collection and accuracy are essential for responsible AI usage. D. Businesses should prioritize using as much data as possible for AI training. 【答案】68. A 69. B 70. C 71. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在当今数据驱动的世界中，企业需确保数据收集的伦理性和准确性以实现人工智能的负责任应用。 【68题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Rachel Aldighieri of the Data and Marketing Association (DMA) stresses that ethical practices in data collection are essential, especially as businesses increasingly use AI to automate decision-making processes. Inappropriate data usage can lead to inaccurate AI models and prejudiced outcomes. Stephen Lester, CTO at Paragon, echoes this sentiment, noting that companies should use open methods to collect data, ensuring participants know how their data is being used and that they receive proper payment.(数据与营销协会（DMA）的雷切尔·阿尔迪吉里强调，数据收集中的道德实践至关重要，尤其是在企业越来越多地使用人工智能来自动化决策过程的情况下。不恰当的数据使用会导致人工智能模型不准确和结果带有偏见。Paragon公司的首席技术官斯蒂芬·莱斯特echoes this sentiment，他指出，公司应采用公开的方法来收集数据，确保参与者知道他们的数据将如何被使用，并确保他们获得适当的报酬)”可知，斯蒂芬·莱斯特表达了同雷切尔·阿尔迪吉里相同的看法，echoes this sentiment意思是“同意清晰和道德的数据实践”。故选A。 【69题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, obtaining reliable data isn’t always straightforward. Open-source datasets are available, but they often lack quality controls and safeguards against bias.(然而，获取可靠数据并不总是那么简单。开源数据集虽然可用，但往往缺乏质量控制和防止偏见的保障措施)”可知，获取可靠数据不简单，开源数据集有缺陷，表明可靠数据极难获得。故选B。 【70题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Chris Stephenson from Sagacity highlights the importance of training AI models with error-checking mechanisms. He notes that while synthetic data can be useful, businesses must remain careful about how algorithms are trained, paying close attention to the potential for mistakes or biases to slip through unnoticed.(来自Sagacity公司的克里斯·斯蒂芬森强调了使用错误检查机制训练人工智能模型的重要性。他指出，虽然合成数据可能有用，但企业必须对算法的训练方式保持谨慎，密切关注错误或偏见可能悄然溜过而未被察觉的潜在风险)”可知，克里斯·斯蒂芬森最可能同意的是在人工智能模型的训练过程中，错误可能仍未被发现。故选C。 【71题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“As ethical concerns rise, businesses are expected to carefully review their data collection practices. They should know where their data comes from, avoid unreliable sources, and ensure data used in AI models is accurate and fair. Ultimately, organizations must be open and accountable in their data practices to remain trustworthy.(随着伦理问题的日益突出，企业需要仔细审查其数据收集实践。他们应该知道数据来自哪里，避免不可靠的来源，并确保人工智能模型中使用的数据准确公正。最终，组织必须在数据实践中保持开放和负责，以保持可信度)”可知，文章主要讲述了在当今数据驱动的世界中，企业需确保数据收集的伦理性和准确性以实现人工智能的负责任应用。故C选项“Ethical data collection and accuracy are essential for responsible Al usage.(道德数据收集和准确性对于负责任地使用人工智能至关重要)”最符合文章主旨。故选C。 (D) Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations. The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO’s procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university, ” says Naomi Ellemers. Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers. The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are, “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submit,” says Romy van der Lee. In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee explains: “As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.” In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.” 72. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether _________. A. women are less successful than men in top academic positions B. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research funding C. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair play D. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university 73. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _________. A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universities B. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicants C. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of men D. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates 74. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations? A The words used in the instructions and forms. B. The reviewers’ preference to applications. C. The methods and procedures for evaluation. D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria. 75. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research? A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates. B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers. C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness. D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria. 【答案】72. B 73. C 74. A 75. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项研究发现：女性比男性更难获得研究经费。这可能是学术界中优秀女性代表较少的原因。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. (其目的是为了更深入地了解男性和女性申请研究经费的奖励率差异的原因。)”可知，该研究的目的是为了了解女性在申请研究经费方面与男性相比是否处于劣势。故选B。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submit.(有趣的是，女性和男性的研究提案得到了同样积极的评价。换句话说，审查员认为男性和女性提交的提案在质量上没有区别。)”可知，通过研究发现，女性和男性的研究计划是被平等处理的。故选C。 【74题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. (为了寻找奖励率和评估差异的可能原因，研究人员还调查了用于评估申请质量的说明和表格中的语言使用。这清楚地揭示了性别语言的出现。)”可知，导致男性和女性研究者获得经费研究的可能性不同的原因是：在申请经费的说明和表格中使用了有性别偏向的词句，由此导致评分和评估差异。故选A。 【75题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. (还将调查评估程序和标准的哪些变化最能促进男女获得研究经费的更平等机会。)”可知，NOW组织将会就哪些评估程序和标准的变化最能促进男女获得研究经费的更平等机会而展开调查，即通过不断地完善评估程序和标准，以此来实现男女研究者拥有平等的机会获得研究经费。故选D。 第二卷 Section A(10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Will a robot really take your job? It is one of the most widely quoted statistics of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete ____76____ it. The finding ____77____ 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being automated by the mid-2030s comes from a paper published in 2013. The paper was written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It ____78____ (quote) in more than 4,000 other academic articles ever since. In April, one ____79____ (strike) worker in Los Angeles carried a notice that read “47% of American jobs are expected to be automated by 2034.” “That is,” Frey stresses, “definitely not what the paper says.” At one extreme ____80____ (be) the doom-mongers (末世论者). They warn of mass technological joblessness just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic mobility will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut ____81____ away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by autonomous military robots and drones.” At the positive end of the spectrum, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. Everything will work out fine in the long run, ____82____ the short term is likely to be bumpy, as it was during the Industrial Revolution. It was several decades ____83____ industrialization led to significantly higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s, ____84____ delay known as Engels’ pause. While automation is likely to boost inequality in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie. Frey is often assumed to be in the first camp. Plenty of people are surprised to discover that he is, in fact, ____85____ (close) to the second. The paper by him and Osborne simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America, from the 702 different occupations they studied, were more likely to be affected by automation. 【答案】76. without 77. that 78. has been quoted 79. striking 80. are 81. themselves 82. although##though##while 83. before 84. a 85. closer 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了机器人是否会取代人类工作的问题。 【76题详解】 考查介词。句意：近年来，没有一份关于工作未来的报告或会议演讲缺少它。结合句意可知，本空表示“没有”，用介词without。故填without。 【77题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：2013年发表的一篇论文指出，到2030年代中期，47%的美国工作面临被自动化取代的高风险。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明finding，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 【78题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：从那以后，这篇论文在4000多篇其他学术文章中被引用。本空为句子谓语，根据时间状语ever since可知，quote“引用”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语It（指代上文提到的论文）是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been quoted。 【79题详解】 考查形容词。句意：今年4月，洛杉矶一名罢工工人举着一块牌子，上面写着“预计到2034年，47%的美国工作将被自动化取代。”本空修饰名词worker，用形容词striking“罢工的”，作定语。故填striking。 【80题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最极端的是末日论者。本空为完全倒装句，主语the doom-mongers为复数，且句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。 【81题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：这一立场的一位支持者马丁·福特担心，中产阶级的工作将消失，经济流动性将停止，一个国家中最富有的人可能会“把自己关在封闭的社区里，也许由自主军事机器人和无人机守卫。”本空作shut的宾语，指代the richest people，用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 【82题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：从长远来看，一切都会好起来的，尽管短期内可能会像工业革命时期那样崎岖不平。前后文为让步关系，用连词although/though/while“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故填although/though/while。 【83题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：直到19世纪初工业化使英国工人的工资显著提高，这中间隔了几十年，这一延迟被称为恩格斯停顿。此处为固定句型“It was + 一段时间 + before...”，表示“过了……才……”，符合“工业化发生后数十年，工资才提高”的语境。故填before。 【84题详解】 考查冠词。句意同上。表泛指“一段延迟”，且delay以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【85题详解】 考查比较级。句意：很多人惊讶地发现，事实上，他更接近第二类。结合前文“Frey is often assumed to be in the first camp”可知，此处存在“第一阵营”与“第二阵营”的对比，应用形容词close的比较级closer，表示“更接近”，作表语。故填closer。 Section B: Summary Writing (10’) 86. Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Building a Greener Future Which is more important when designing a building: beauty or function? At the start of the twentieth century, Louis Sullivan, one of the creators of modern architecture, said that ‘form follows function’. However, many people disagree with this and feel that beauty is a more important factor in architectural design. In the modern world, it seems that most architects combine both ideas: aiming to create buildings which are both functional and beautiful. The reason for creating a building in the first place is clearly very important. For example, when building an airport terminal, you need to think of the needs of passengers as well as planes. Passengers want to get to their plane as quickly as they can, and planes need to be parked in the most efficient way possible. Beauty, however, is also clearly important when constructing a building. Living or working in an ugly place creates a depressing and uninspiring environment. In contrast, an attractive building can make people feel happier and increase their motivation to work. There is also a wider responsibility to society which architects have to consider. Beautiful, well-constructed buildings are a symbol of a civilized society. In theory, there seems to be no reason why architecture cannot be both functional and beautiful. Yet in practice, this can cause problems. The Modern International style of the 1920s and 1930s, an example of which is the Guggenheim Museum in New York, was supposed to combine beauty with function. Many consider the museum’s white spiral ramp beautiful, but there have been complaints that it is impractical, as it is difficult to stand back to view the art. Also, the ramp is so narrow that it can become overcrowded. It seems that even this celebrated design has problems with functionality. If architects focus only on function, buildings may be cold, ugly and uninteresting. On the other hand, if they focus only on making it look beautiful, the building may be completely impractical. Therefore, combining these two ideas is necessary to create the perfect piece of architecture. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a question that which is more important when an architect designs a building: beauty or function.(要点一) Function is important because it makes the buildings more practical.(要点二) However, beauty is also important because an attractive building can make people feel better.(要点三) It seems that buildings can be functional and beautiful in theory but not in practice.(要点四) Therefore, the perfect building should combine beauty and function.(要点五) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了建筑上人们关注的两个问题：功能性和美观性。其实，功能性和美观性同样重要，但很多时候，两者不能兼顾。因此最好的建筑是将功能性和美观性结合在一起。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Which is more important when designing a building: beauty or function? ②The reason for creating a building in the first place is clearly very important. ③Beauty, however, is also clearly important when constructing a building. ④In contrast, an attractive building can make people feel happier and increase their motivation to work. ⑤In theory, there seems to be no reason why architecture cannot be both functional and beautiful. Yet in practice, this can cause problems. ⑥Therefore, combining these two ideas is necessary to create the perfect piece of architecture. 2.缜密构思 将第①要点进行重组，将第②要点进行同义句改写，将第③④要点进行整合重组，将第⑤要点改写重组，将第⑥要点重组。 3.遣词造句 ①There is a question that which is more important when an architect designs a building: beauty or function. ②Function is important because it makes the buildings more practical. ③However, beauty is also important because an attractive building can make people feel better. ④It seems that buildings can be functional and beautiful in theory but not in practice. ⑤Therefore, the perfect building should combine beauty and function. 【点睛】[高分句型1] There is a question that which is more important when an architect designs a building: beauty or function.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句提出文章的论点，对第一段和第二段进行了高度概括，“that”引导的同位语从句讲述了论点，“when”引导的时间状语从句概括了第二段内容。） [高分句型2]：However, beauty is also important because an attractive building can make people feel better.（主从复合句概括了第四段内容，其中“however”的使用与前一论点构成转折关系，“because”引导原因状语从句，表达非常高级。） [高分句型3]：It seems that buildings can be functional and beautiful in theory but not in practice.（用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。其中“that”引导表语从句的用法比较高级。） * Section C: Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’) 87. 我们对甜食的偏爱可以追溯到史前时期，怪不得戒糖是个难题。(trace)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Our preference for sweet food can be traced back to prehistoric times. No wonder quitting sugar is a challenge. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、动词语态和非谓语动词。表示“对……的偏爱”用固定短语preference for，表示“我们对甜食的偏爱”用our preference for sweet food在句中作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“可以追溯到”用can be traced back to，和主语preference之间是被动关系，用含有情态动词的被动语态can be traced back to，其中to为介词；表示“史前时期”用prehistoric times；表示“怪不得”用no wonder，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“戒糖”用quit sugar，作主语，用动名词短语quitting sugar；表示“是个难题”用be a challenge，本句陈述客观事实，故时态用一般现在时，且动名词短语quitting sugar作主语，be动词用单数is。故翻译为Our preference for sweet food can be traced back to prehistoric times. No wonder quitting sugar is a challenge. 88. 尽管高铁车厢拥挤，婴儿还是紧贴着母亲平稳的心跳，安然入睡。(against) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the cramped high-speed train compartment, the baby slept peacefully, pressed against her mother’s steady heartbeat. ‌ 【解析】 【详解】考查介词、形容词、副词、名词、动词和非谓语动词。句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时；“尽管高铁车厢拥挤”为状语，其中“尽管”可用介词despite，其宾语“拥挤的高铁车厢”可用名词短语the cramped high-speed train compartment，主语“婴儿”可用名词the baby，可将“入睡”作为谓语，可用动词sleep，状语“安然”可用副词peacefully，“紧贴着母亲平稳的心跳”可看作是伴随的状态，用分词作状语，“紧贴着”可用短语press…against，press和the baby逻辑上是被动关系，因此用press的过去分词形式，against的宾语“母亲平稳的心跳”可用名词短语her mother’s steady heartbeat。故可译为：Despite the cramped high-speed train compartment, the baby slept peacefully, pressed against her mother’s steady heartbeat. ‌ 89. 在社交媒体上，各种大胆的意见铺天盖地，却很难开启一次真正有意义、有建设性的对话。(shortage) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】On social media, various bold opinions flood the screen, but there’s a striking shortage of truly meaningful and constructive dialogues. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、形容词、副词和动词。句子在介绍当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；状语“在社交媒体上”可用介词短语on social media，主语“各种大胆的意见”可用名词短语various bold opinions，“铺天盖地”可理解为“充斥着屏幕”，可用动词短语flood the screen，“却”可用并列连词but，“很难开启一次对话”可理解为“非常缺乏对话”，“非常缺乏”可用there be句型和名词短语a striking shortage of搭配，be动词应用is，“真正有意义、有建设性的对话”可用名词短语truly meaningful and constructive dialogues。故可译为：On social media, various bold opinions flood the screen, but there’s a striking shortage of truly meaningful and constructive dialogues. 90. 今年夏天，苏超联赛（Jiangsu City Football League）火到门票秒空，各大媒体争相报道, 把原本冷门的城市地标都变成了网红景点。(overlook) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This summer, tickets for the Jiangsu City Football League were sold out instantly, with major media outlets rushing to cover the event, turning previously overlooked urban landmarks into viral destinations. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词语态、非谓语。表示“今年夏天”用this summer，作时间状语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“苏超联赛”用tickets for the Jiangsu City Football League；表示“秒空”即“票表示被立刻售完”，表示“售完”用sell out，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，sell out和主语tickets之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were；表示“立刻”用副词instantly，作状语；表示“伴随”用介词with；表示“各大媒体”用major media outlets，作宾语；表示“争相报道”用rush to cover the event，和主语major media outlets之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作宾补。表示“城市地标”用urban landmarks；表示“原本冷门的”即“以前被忽视的”用previously overlooked，修饰urban landmarks；表示“网红景点”用viral destinations；表示“把原本冷门的城市地标都变成了网红景点”用turn previously overlooked urban landmarks into viral destinations，用现在分词短语，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故翻译为This summer, tickets for the Jiangsu City Football League were sold out instantly, with major media outlets rushing to cover the event, turning previously overlooked urban landmarks into viral destinations. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年度第一学期 高二英语摸底考试卷 (满分150分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上) 第一卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Their friends would take them to the beach. B. They wouldn’t mind taking the bus. C. Someone would drive them home. D. They wouldn’t be able to find a phone. 2. A. The man has to wash a thousand dishes. B. The man has more dishes than his brother. C. The man’s brother hasn’t washed the dishes yet. D. The man’s brother spends much time washing the dishes. 3 A. He’d like to reschedule the party. B. He and Joe aren’t free next Friday. C. He doesn’t know what to bring to the party. D. He isn’t sure if Joe is available on the party day. 4. A. The man took the wrong train. B. Delays in train service will continue. C. It’s better to take a train later in the day. D. Train service will return to normal in a few days. 5. A. Sports. B. Music. C. Hardware. D. Arts and crafts. 6. A. She has changed her schedule. B. She was sick on Friday. C. She works less than she used to. D. Her vacation started on Monday. 7. A. She’d also like to get a printer. B. The man should buy a high-quality printer. C. She needs a printer more than the man does. D. The man should invest in a printing company. 8. A. He doesn’t remember exactly what he said. B. He told the woman to try to get more sleep. C. He knew the woman would benefit from his advice. D. He didn’t expect that the woman would listen to him. 9. A. She thinks it’s cold, too. B. They need to get the freezer fixed again. C. She’d like the man to repeat what he said. D. The man told her that before. 10. A. Eat a late dinner. B. Cancel the break. C. Ski p dinner. D. Bring the man something to eat. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It can film things beyond one’s view. B. It can get data with its built-in devices. C. It can access one’s phone or tablet for data. D. It is linked with one’s desktop computers. 12. A. By gesturing or talking to the device. B. By touching one arm of the frame. C. By selecting built-in commands. D. By using data from one’s tablet. 13. A. It has proved useful to the consumer. B. It has greatly changed people’s life. C. Its value is still unpredictable now. D. It promises to be potentially profitable. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Weaker muscles. B. Change in eyeballs. C. Exposure to radiation. D. Body weight loss. 15. A. By lowering pressure in their skulls. B. By exercising with special equipment. C. By fighting against radiation in space. D. By creating a man-made magnetic field. 16. A. Zero gravity is the only cause of astronauts’ health problems in space. B. The human body can adapt itself quickly to the environment in outer space. C. Men are more affected than women physically in zero gravity environment. D. There are problems to be solved for longer stays in space. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She only rested a little time between exercises. B. She did not rest after exercise. C. She attended the beginner’s class. D. She attended an advanced exercise class. 18. A. Lifting weights. B. Doing aerobics. C. Instructing the woman. D. Cooking breakfast. 19. A. Ten o’clock next evening. B. Ten o’clock next morning. C. Eight o’clock next evening. D. Eight o’clock next morning. 20. A. The winner cooks dinner. B. The winner entertains the family. C. The loser cooks dinner. D. The loser entertains the family. II. Multiple Choices(25’) 1. Learning the rules of a new language, especially ________ involving as many irregular verbs as English, can be frustrating. A. the one B. that C. some D. one 2. She showed us a(n) ________ chess set, which once graced Napoleon’s private study. A. ivory French antique B. ivory antique hand-carved C. French hand-carved ivory D. antique hand-carved ivory 3. — The professor swears the exam answers leaked at exactly 2:15 a.m. from the online portal. — I ________ it. My phone battery died at midnight, and the dorm WiFi was down for the whole night, so there’s no log of me even logging in. A. can’t have done B. mustn’t have done C. may have done D. must have done 4. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with grass ________ and trees ________, and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. to lie on; to provide shade; sat B. lying on; providing shade; sitting C. lying on; to provide shade; sitting D. to lie on; providing shade; sat 5. The bill ________ data-privacy standards across the EU, and tech companies ________ that compliance costs will soar. A. concerns about; deeply concern B. concerns; are deeply concerned C. concerns that; are deeply concerned about D. is concerned about; are deeply concerned 6. The algorithm ranks ________ human intuition once considered priceless beyond measure, yet it also learns to question whether its own metrics still echo the heartbeat of what we truly value. A. how B. where C. what D. how what 7. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so the defendant left the room really ________. A. to be worried B. being worried C. having been worried D. worried 8. After you watch the documentary, you will know the way ________. A. how nature is ruined B. nature is being ruined C. in which to ruin nature D. that nature to be ruined 9. The review board rejected the proposed survey ________ its questions might trigger subconscious distress among adolescent participants. A. on the grounds that B. with the intention that C. under the condition that D. despite the fact that 10. Many might think of Emily Dickinson as someone locked away from the world, a spinster living and writing in her bedroom ________ she were in a self-made prison. A. as though B. even if C. in that D. on condition that 11. Sarah carefully reviewed the contract, then ________ it to the finance department for final approval before the board meeting scheduled next Tuesday. A. signed B. forwarded C. drafted D. released 12. Even in rich countries, governments struggle to be able to ________ the necessary resources to the pressing issue of global warming. A. convince B. conquer C. consult D. commit 13. She is ________ the most inventive coder on the team, routinely delivering elegant solutions weeks ahead of aggressive deadlines. A. submissively B. faithfully C. profitably D. arguably 14. Carbon dating offers vital clues, yet remains ________ within centuries, leaving archaeologists debating the temple’s true age. A. incorrect B. inexact C. incomplete D. inconsistent 15. Despite evidence, the ________ persists that humans use only ten percent of their brains, captivating self-help audiences worldwide. A. myth B. mystery C. medium D. memorandum 16. During the economic downturn, demand for short ________ courses surged as displaced workers sought quick credentials in renewable-energy installation. A. recreational B. vocational C. institutional D. generational 17. The novel captures the collective ________ of villagers who lost homes, land, and ancestral songs to the rising river. A. contentment B. relief C. disgust D. sorrow 18. The athlete’s legal team confirmed they will ________ against the four-year suspension, citing irregularities in the anti-doping panel’s chain-of-custody documentation. A. warn B. discriminate C. appeal D. vote 19. ________ drives teenagers to equate self-worth with branded sneakers, fueling anxiety when limited budgets collide with social media ideals. A. Materialism B. Collectivism C. Imperialism D. Individualism 20. Before negotiations began, the CEO stood to ________ enduring partnership, clinking glasses with investors. A. roast B. boast C. coast D. toast 21. Our beach wedding plans ________ after the resort canceled all bookings due to an approaching super typhoon. A. went through B. saw through C. fell through D. broke through 22. My grandfather still ________ teaching teenagers chess gambits that leave them speechless and humbled. A. is at the mercy of B. takes notice of C. is subjected to D. gets his kicks out of 23. Eager to impress, Maria spoke too fast and ________ as nervous, though her research was flawlessly prepared. A. came out B. came in C. came off D. came on 24. Overconfident freshmen recklessly ________ the advanced courses, only to discover questions far beyond their lecture notes. A entered for B. ran for C. stood for D. answered for 25. Midway through therapy, she recognized she was ________ when panic attacks shrank from hours to fleeting minutes. A. on thin ice B. on the right track C. on the same page D. on the horizon III. Vocabulary(1’ *20=20’) (A) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. admitting B. fade C. feverish D. honored E. proposing F. mark G. participation H. revelatory I. shower J. star K. still What makes a tradition—and why do people keep traditions alive? You might ask any of the children chosen to be Las Mayas in Colmenar Viejo, a village in Spain. Each spring, a few girls typically between the ages of 7 and 11 sit in elaborate altars(祭坛) decorated with fresh flowers to ___26___ the new season. As crowds pass by for two hours, the girls are to sit perfectly ___27___ , their facial expressions a sign of how seriously they take their roles. Families are ___28___ if their daughter is selected from the dozens of young girls who apply to participate in this local tradition with ancient roots. But taking part means weeks of ___29___ activity preparing the elaborate altars and dresses. Photographer Daniel Ochoa de Olza has spent his career documenting Spanish traditions, from the serious to the noble. At each, he wonders why they continue. He recalls a festival in Piornal, Spain, where villagers ___30___ an armored, devil-like character with turnips(萝卜). And there’s the famous festival of San Fermín in Pamplona, Ochoa de Olza’s hometown—the running of the bulls. “It’s stupid and it’s dangerous, but it’s our tradition, ” he says, ___31___ that he’s run nine times. The Maya girls create the compositions in which they ___32___ , so the portraits aren’t photographically daring, says Ochoa de Olza. But they’re ___33___ in the sense that, even in one’s own country, there are always new customs to discover—practices with vitality and beauty, even if they may be disappearing. The magic of being a Maya tends to ___34___ as the girls grow beyond childhood, says Ochoa de Olza. As teenagers, onetime Mayas tend to laugh off their past ___35___ , projecting cool by denying their youthful enthusiasm. And yet, as former Mayas have daughters of their own, the tradition continues. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. boasts B. commuters C. companions D. fooled E. identifiers F. sought-after G. sparks H. striking I. starters J. text-based K. time-honored Why are people hanging plush toys on their bags? In today’s urban landscapes, a fascinating trend is emerging among young people: their bags are becoming canvases for self-expression. Whether it’s subway ___36___ with plush toys dangling from zippers or shoppers adorned with tin badges, bags — be they shoulder bags or backpacks — are being transformed into personalized statements. Plush toys reign supreme as the most popular bag charms. From the highly ___37___ Labubu and the laid-back capybara to Disney’s beloved characters like Linabell and StellaLou, these fluffy ___38___ travel everywhere with their owners. For fans of music and theater, ___39___ charms are the go-to accessory. These vibrant “bag billboards” feature lyrics or inside jokes, serving as subtle yet bold ___40___ for like-minded communities. The anime and manga fandom ___41___ an endless array of IP-inspired charms, collectively known as “goods”. This niche is a vibrant playground for creativity. Don’t be ___42___ by the small size of these bag charms, behind them lies a fascinating psychological significance. Touchable emoji updates Bag charms act as tangible “emoji updates” — personal declarations that are both subtle and ___43___. They offer glimpses into the wearer’s unspoken feelings. Emotional stress reliever Touching soft charms stimulates pleasurable neural signals, reduces stress hormones, and ___44___ joy — a pocket-sized therapy. Unspoken passport Like secret handshakes, these charms unite tribes. They’re silent conversation ____45____ for those who “get it”. Self-expression ID Whether for fandom or self-identity, these tiny accessories reflect who we are — or aspire to be. IV. Reading Comprehension(15’+30’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The word graffiti simply means words or drawings or scratched or scribbled (乱涂) on a wall and has been around since humans have lived in societies. Most people now agree that art in the form of graffiti ____46____ in New York in the 1960s and it has been developing ever since. However, it is not readily accepted as being art, like those works that we go to galleries or museums to see. It is not ____47____ the status of genuine art because of a lack of form or other basic aesthetic (美学的) elements. In fact, most of the opposition of illegality, incoherence and non-standard presentation does not necessarily ____48____ it as art. There are three main levels and types of graffiti. First, there is the “tag” — the stylized writing of a name — which, while it might ____49____ a style of writing, has little or no aesthetic appeal. In fact, the tag or individual mark is not produced for aesthetic purposes but is basically a means of indicating the writer’s ____50____ — the age-old statement of “I was here”. Murals (壁画) for community enhancement and beautification are also a form of graffiti, even though they are not thought of in this way because most murals are formally ____51____. These are more colorful and complex. They take a considerable amount of skill to complete, and murals can be done in a graffiti art style or as a traditional pictorial scene. The last form of graffiti is graffiti art, which is the ____52____ use of spray-paint to produce an artwork that is graffiti or done in a graffiti-like style. The reasons and values for why one might engage in graffiti art are as ____53____ as the artists who produce it. A chief reason is the prospect of fame and recognition of one’s artistic talent. Graffiti is also a form of self-expression. The art as “writing” is a method of communicating with other writers and the general public. What it communicates is the artist’s ____54____ expression and ideas. Judgments are based solely on one’s artistic ability. This type of communication is of value because it links people regardless of cultural, linguistic or racial ____55____ in a way that nothing else can. ____56____, producing graffiti art with a crew builds teamwork in that the crew works together for the accomplishment of a common goal. Some graffitists view their art as a ____57____ against the established art market and gallery system, in that art is not only that which appears in a gallery as determined by the curator (策展人). Some also view their creations on public and private spaces as statements against private ____58____. Of course, the majority of graffitists enjoy what they do and find it to be fun, rewarding and exciting. Although these reasons are valid, they do not ____59____ settle the matter as to why graffiti art is art or why it is a valid art form despite its ____60____ origins. 46. A. benefited B. approached C. originated D. functioned 47. A. considered B. denied C. given D. charged 48. A. remove B. regard C. accept D. disqualify 49. A. suggest B. destroy C. launch D. prefer 50. A. reputation B. interest C. presence D. talent 51. A. allowed for B. arranged for C. applied for D. accounted for 52. A. creative B. excessive C. traditional D. domestic 53. A. famous B. varied C. innovative D. disappointing 54. A. signature B. identity C. masterpiece D. appearance 55. A. differences B. prejudices C. violence D. injustice 56. A. After all B. Even so C. In addition D. On the whole 57. A. competition B. judgment C. protection D. protest 58 A. conversations B. life C. visits D. property 59. A. efficiently B. defensively C. disagreeably D. conclusively 60. A. illegal B. irregular C. irresponsible D. irrelevant Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Nala the cat, a Siamese and tabby mix, is slightly cross-eyed with gray and white fur. She likes being petted but isn’t a fan of being held. She was rescued from an animal shelter and really loves men with beards. She happens to have more than 4.4 million followers on Instagram, making her the most followed cat on the photo-sharing app. Her owners, Varisiri “Pookie” Methachittiphan and Shannon Ellis, also have five other cats and one dog running around their home — all of whom are Internet famous. Animals have long been popular online, and having especially photogenic (上镜的) pets has led people like Methachittiphan and Ellis to a lucrative full-time career. “The hardest part is that you never really have a day off. It’s 24/7,” Methachittiphan told CNN Business. For Nala’s Instagram account, they keep it pretty simple. She’s pictured making funny faces or playing with boxes. For some photos, they dress her up in costumes such as a space suit or with accessories on her head like crowns. Methachittiphan adopted Nala in 2010 in Los Angeles when she was a master’s student and made an Instagram account for her two years later when the service started taking off. “It really happened by accident,” she said. By the second week, Nala had 500 followers, and by the fourth month, she had reached almost 50,000.” Methachittiphan took the cat’s growing fame very seriously. In the early days, she experimented with hashtags and finding the optimal time to post on Instagram to keep growing Nala’s following. When she was featured on Instagram’s “Popular” page, now called “Explore”, Methachittiphan began setting an alarm for 5 a.m. to post photos and increase Nala’s chances of being chosen again to help increase her exposure. Brands soon started reaching out about sponsored content deals with Nala. That’s when Methachittiphan decided to turn the cat’s Instagram following into a career. In addition to sponsored content deals, they use their accounts to raise awareness about animal hunger, fostering pets, adopting animals from shelters and educating people about proper pet parenting. “We know that we have to build something that is sustainable, that lives on its own. That thing will be Nala’s legacy,” Ellis said. 61. What can we learn about Nala according to the first two paragraphs? A. She is a crossbred cat. B. She was born in an animal shelter. C. She now stays with seven other pets. D. She doesn’t enjoy the company of humans. 62. Which of the following is the correct order of Nala’s story? ①Nala got popular and attracted many sponsors. ②Nala’s Instagram account was created in 2012. ③Nala’s accounts were employed to make a difference. ④Nala had almost fifty thousand followers on Instagram. ⑤Nala’s owner figured out the best time to post her photos. A. ①⑤②④③ B. ②①④③⑤ C. ①②⑤③④ D. ②④⑤①③ 63. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. Nala’s popularity has slipped away recently B. Nala’s going viral happened by chance C. Nala’s owners had several jobs to make ends meet D. Nala’s owners donated large sums to charity 64 Methachittiphan and Ellis can be described as ________. A. rich and generous B. powerful and tricky C. quick and humorous D. creative and devoted (B) As fall approaches, new students will arrive on college campuses with all kinds of things: luggage and school supplies, mini fridges and sports equipment. Experts suggest that parents and teenagers take proactive steps now to help plan for and preserve mental well-being during the big transition to college. Connect early with the counseling center Consider contacting the college’s counseling center before you arrive on campus. This is particularly important for those who already have an emotional disorder or other mental health concern. Check to see if the counseling center provides off-campus referrals, and assemble a short list of potential providers to have in your back pocket ahead of arriving at school. This is a good practice for any student, as it may be necessary to seek outside support if the school’s counseling center develops a waiting list. Embrace other types of support There are many resources available to students besides the counseling center. Tutoring, peer advising, student activities and career services can all help support a student’s emotional well-being. Connecting with other students is especially important, the experts said. Spend some time looking at the school’s extracurricular activities and clubs. Consider having a roommate even if you have the option of living alone, Mrs. Martin said. It can broaden your social network and help buffer stressors. Practice basic wellness habits In the summer before college, teenagers should take stock of how they’re eating, sleeping and socializing, the experts said, especially given that they may have formed some unhealthy habits during the pandemic. If a student’s basic needs are neglected, it becomes more difficult to cultivate a healthier mental state. Learning how to support yourself and taking steps to become more independent can also make the college transition less jarring. Before arriving on campus, practice managing a budget; advocating for yourself with a teacher, doctor or coach; or spending time outside of your childhood home — perhaps with a relative, or at summer camp. 65. According to the passage, experts suggest the following ways EXCEPT ________ for students to be emotionally well. A. living with their peers. B. developing good personal habits. C. taking part in after-school activities. D. always seeking advice at school counseling centers. 66. The underlined word “jarring” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. smooth. B. gradual. C. sudden. D. annoying. 67. The passage is intended for ________. A. senior college students seeking advice on mental health. B. university students majoring in psychology. C. students heading to college in the coming autumn. D. would-be college students suffering mental disorder. (C) In today’s data-driven world, the value of data has been likened to that of oil, but unlike oil, data is not a finite resource — it grows continuously as new information is created. Businesses, particularly those employing AI algorithms, rely on data more than ever to drive success. However, a challenge that has arisen is ensuring the data used is reliable, objective, and ethically sourced. Concerns are mounting over the use of shady data sources and “black-box” collection methods, where businesses are unsure of how the data was sourced, raising ethical and legal issues. Rachel Aldighieri of the Data and Marketing Association (DMA) stresses that ethical practices in data collection are essential, especially as businesses increasingly use AI to automate decision-making processes. Inappropriate data usage can lead to inaccurate AI models and prejudiced outcomes. Stephen Lester, CTO at Paragon, echoes this sentiment, noting that companies should use open methods to collect data, ensuring participants know how their data is being used and that they receive proper payment. To follow data protection rules, businesses should balance their needs with individuals’ rights. This helps ensure they have the right permissions to use collected data, building customer trust and reducing legal risks. They should also consult resources like the DMA Code for guidance on ethical data practices. However, obtaining reliable data isn’t always straightforward. Open-source datasets are available, but they often lack quality controls and safeguards against bias. Synthetic data, generated by AI, offers an alternative, allowing companies to train AI models without risking real individuals’ privacy. Although synthetic data isn’t linked to real people, businesses must be cautious about potential inaccuracies. A notable tool in this space is MIT’s Synthetic Data Vault, which helps generate synthetic data for a variety of enterprise use cases. Despite its usefulness, there remain concerns about the accuracy of such data when used for critical AI training. Chris Stephenson from Sagacity highlights the importance of training AI models with error-checking mechanisms. He notes that while synthetic data can be useful, businesses must remain careful about how algorithms are trained, paying close attention to the potential for mistakes or biases to slip through unnoticed. As ethical concerns rise, businesses are expected to carefully review their data collection practices. They should know where their data comes from, avoid unreliable sources, and ensure data used in AI models is accurate and fair. Ultimately, organizations must be open and accountable in their data practices to remain trustworthy. 68. What does the phrase “echoes this sentiment” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. Agrees with clear and ethical data practices. B. Disapproves of the views on data collection. C. Questions the use of open data collection methods. D. Ignores the ethical concerns surrounding AI and data. 69 What can be learned from paragraphs 3 and 4? A. There are tools to ensure data accuracy. B. Reliable data is extremely hard to obtain. C. Ethical data practices lack clear definitions. D. Synthetic data should generally be restricted. 70. Which of the following statements is Chris Stephenson most likely to agree with? A. Error-checking tools are already mature for practical use. B. Data protection rules should be prioritized over data accuracy. C. Mistakes may remain undetected during the training of AI models. D. Synthetic data is the best way to collect data for AI model training. 71. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Synthetic data solves most ethical concerns associated with AI. B. Data collection practices in Al have limited ethical implications. C. Ethical data collection and accuracy are essential for responsible AI usage. D. Businesses should prioritize using as much data as possible for AI training. (D) Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations. The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO’s procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university, ” says Naomi Ellemers. Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers. The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are, “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submit,” says Romy van der Lee. In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee explains: “As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.” In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.” 72. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether _________. A. women are less successful than men in top academic positions B. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research funding C. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair play D. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university 73. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _________. A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universities B. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicants C. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of men D. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates 74. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations? A. The words used in the instructions and forms. B. The reviewers’ preference to applications. C. The methods and procedures for evaluation. D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria. 75. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research? A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates. B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers. C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness. D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria. 第二卷 Section A(10’) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Will a robot really take your job? It is one of the most widely quoted statistics of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete ____76____ it. The finding ____77____ 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being automated by the mid-2030s comes from a paper published in 2013. The paper was written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It ____78____ (quote) in more than 4,000 other academic articles ever since. In April, one ____79____ (strike) worker in Los Angeles carried a notice that read “47% of American jobs are expected to be automated by 2034.” “That is,” Frey stresses, “definitely not what the paper says.” At one extreme ____80____ (be) the doom-mongers (末世论者). They warn of mass technological joblessness just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic mobility will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut ____81____ away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by autonomous military robots and drones.” At the positive end of the spectrum, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. Everything will work out fine in the long run, ____82____ the short term is likely to be bumpy, as it was during the Industrial Revolution. It was several decades ____83____ industrialization led to significantly higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s, ____84____ delay known as Engels’ pause. While automation is likely to boost inequality in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie. Frey is often assumed to be in the first camp. Plenty of people are surprised to discover that he is, in fact, ____85____ (close) to the second. The paper by him and Osborne simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America, from the 702 different occupations they studied, were more likely to be affected by automation. Section B: Summary Writing (10’) 86. Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Building a Greener Future Which is more important when designing a building: beauty or function? At the start of the twentieth century, Louis Sullivan, one of the creators of modern architecture, said that ‘form follows function’. However, many people disagree with this and feel that beauty is a more important factor in architectural design. In the modern world, it seems that most architects combine both ideas: aiming to create buildings which are both functional and beautiful. The reason for creating a building in the first place is clearly very important. For example, when building an airport terminal, you need to think of the needs of passengers as well as planes. Passengers want to get to their plane as quickly as they can, and planes need to be parked in the most efficient way possible. Beauty, however, is also clearly important when constructing a building. Living or working in an ugly place creates a depressing and uninspiring environment. In contrast, an attractive building can make people feel happier and increase their motivation to work. There is also a wider responsibility to society which architects have to consider. Beautiful, well-constructed buildings are a symbol of a civilized society. In theory, there seems to be no reason why architecture cannot be both functional and beautiful. Yet in practice, this can cause problems. The Modern International style of the 1920s and 1930s, an example of which is the Guggenheim Museum in New York, was supposed to combine beauty with function. Many consider the museum’s white spiral ramp beautiful, but there have been complaints that it is impractical, as it is difficult to stand back to view the art. Also, the ramp is so narrow that it can become overcrowded. It seems that even this celebrated design has problems with functionality. If architects focus only on function, buildings may be cold, ugly and uninteresting. On the other hand, if they focus only on making it look beautiful, the building may be completely impractical. Therefore, combining these two ideas is necessary to create the perfect piece of architecture. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * Section C: Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’) 87. 我们对甜食的偏爱可以追溯到史前时期，怪不得戒糖是个难题。(trace)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 88. 尽管高铁车厢拥挤，婴儿还是紧贴着母亲平稳的心跳，安然入睡。(against) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 89. 在社交媒体上，各种大胆的意见铺天盖地，却很难开启一次真正有意义、有建设性的对话。(shortage) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 90. 今年夏天，苏超联赛（Jiangsu City Football League）火到门票秒空，各大媒体争相报道, 把原本冷门的城市地标都变成了网红景点。(overlook) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $