Unit 3 Faster,higher,stronger 派生法背记单词清单-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
2025-09-19
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摘要:
该高中英语知识清单聚焦派生法词汇学习,以22个核心原词(含形容词、名词、动词等)为起点,通过添加后缀、词根变化等派生规则生成派生词(副词、名词、动词等),每个原词及派生词均配语境例句,构建“原词-派生词-用法”的词汇学习支架。
知识链路以“原词解析-派生规则-语境应用”为逻辑主线,通过例句强化词汇在语境中的理解与运用,助力提升语言能力(词汇理解与表达)和学习能力(科学背词策略),同时通过词根词缀分析培养思维品质,适合系统梳理单元词汇,高效记忆与应用。
内容正文:
UNIT 3 Faster,higher,stronger.派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
shiny /ˈʃaɪni/ adj. 光滑发亮的,闪光的
The new smartphone has a shiny screen that looks very nice.(这款新手机的屏幕光滑发亮,看起来很棒。)
1. shinily /ˈʃaɪnili/ adv. 光滑发亮地,闪光地2. shininess /ˈʃaɪnɪnəs/ n. 光泽,光亮
1. She wiped the mirror until it reflected light shinily.(她把镜子擦得能反光发亮。)2. The leather bag loses its shininess after being used for a long time.(这个皮包用久了就失去了光泽。)
2
association /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 协会,社团
He joined the school’s music association to learn the guitar.(他加入了学校的音乐协会学习吉他。)
1. associate /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ vt. & vi. 联想;与……交往;加入协会2. associative /əˈsəʊsiətɪv/ adj. 联想的;相关的
1. People often associate red with happiness in Chinese culture.(在中国文化中,人们常把红色和快乐联系在一起。)2. The test checks students’ associative thinking ability.(这个测试考查学生的联想思维能力。)
3
muddy /ˈmʌdi/ adj. 沾满泥的,泥泞的
The path becomes muddy after rain, so we need to wear boots.(下雨后小路变得泥泞,我们得穿靴子。)
1. muddy /ˈmʌdi/ vt. 使沾上泥;使浑浊2. muddiness /ˈmʌdinəs/ n. 泥泞;浑浊
1. The children played in the puddle and muddied their clothes.(孩子们在水坑里玩,把衣服弄脏了。)2. The muddiness of the river made it hard to see the fish.(河水的浑浊让我们很难看到鱼。)
4
shot /ʃɒt/ n. 投球,射球,击球
He made a perfect shot and scored three points in the basketball game.(他投出一记漂亮的球,在篮球比赛中得了三分。)
shoot /ʃuːt/ vt. & vi. 投球;射击;射门(“shot”对应的动词原形)
She can shoot the ball into the net from a long distance.(她能从很远的地方把球投进篮筐。)
5
bump /bʌmp/ n. 隆起之处
There’s a small bump on the road—be careful when driving.(路上有个小隆起,开车时要小心。)
1. bump /bʌmp/ vt. & vi. 碰撞;颠簸行进2. bumpy /ˈbʌmpi/ adj. 颠簸的;多隆起的
1. I bumped into an old friend when I was walking on the street.(我在街上走路时碰到了一位老朋友。)2. The car drove on a bumpy road, making everyone uncomfortable.(汽车在颠簸的路上行驶,让所有人都不舒服。)
6
bounce /baʊns/ v.(使)弹起,(使)反弹
The basketball bounced off the floor and into the hands of his teammate.(篮球从地板上弹起,落到了队友手里。)
1. bounce /baʊns/ n. 弹起;反弹力2. bouncy /ˈbaʊnsi/ adj. 有弹性的;活泼的
1. The ball has a good bounce—it can jump high.(这个球弹性很好,能弹得很高。)2. The bouncy ball is a favorite toy of many children.(弹力球是很多孩子喜欢的玩具。)
7
sharpen /ˈʃɑːpən/ v. 使提高,使改进;使锋利
He practices speaking English every day to sharpen his language skills.(他每天练习说英语,以提高语言能力。)
1. sharpener /ˈʃɑːpnə(r)/ n. 削笔器;磨具2. sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. 锋利的;敏锐的(“sharpen”的词根形容词)
1. I need a new pencil sharpener because the old one is broken.(我需要一个新削笔器,旧的坏了。)2. She has a sharp mind and can solve difficult problems quickly.(她思维敏锐,能快速解决难题。)
8
expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 预料,预期
The team’s performance exceeded everyone’s expectation.(这支队伍的表现超出了所有人的预期。)
1. expect /ɪkˈspekt/ vt. & vi. 预料;期待(“expectation”的动词原形)2. expectant /ɪkˈspektənt/ adj. 期待的;预期的
1. We expect to finish the project by the end of this month.(我们预计在月底完成这个项目。)2. The expectant crowd waited for the singer to appear on stage.(期待的人群等待着歌手上台。)
9
philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n. 人生哲学
His philosophy of life is to work hard and help others.(他的人生哲学是努力工作、帮助他人。)
1. philosophical /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl/ adj. 哲学的;达观的2. philosophically /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkli/ adv. 哲学地;达观地
1. She has a philosophical attitude towards failure—she thinks it’s a lesson.(她对失败持达观态度,认为失败是一次教训。)2. He talked philosophically about the meaning of happiness.(他从哲学角度谈论幸福的意义。)
10
cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 欺骗,作弊
The student was punished because he cheated in the exam.(这个学生因为考试作弊受到了惩罚。)
1. cheater /ˈtʃiːtə(r)/ n. 骗子;作弊者2. cheating /ˈtʃiːtɪŋ/ adj. 欺骗的;作弊的
1. The cheater was caught by the teacher when he was looking at his notes.(这个作弊者偷看笔记时被老师抓住了。)2. Cheating behavior in exams will be seriously dealt with.(考试中的作弊行为将受到严肃处理。)
11
remarkable /rɪˈmɑːkəb(ə)l/ adj. 非凡的;不寻常的
She made a remarkable achievement in science at a young age.(她年纪轻轻就在科学领域取得了非凡成就。)
1. remarkably /rɪˈmɑːkəbli/ adv. 显著地;非常2. remark /rɪˈmɑːk/ vt. & vi. 评论;注意到(“remarkable”的词根动词)
1. He improved his English remarkably after studying abroad for a year.(在国外学习一年后,他的英语进步显著。)2. The teacher remarked that her composition was well-written.(老师评论说她的作文写得很好。)
12
spiker /ˈspaɪkə/ n.(排球队的)扣球队员,主攻手
The team’s spiker scored many points with powerful spikes.(这支队伍的主攻手用有力的扣球得了很多分。)
spike /spaɪk/ vt. & vi.(排球)扣球(“spiker”的动词原形)
He can spike the ball so hard that no one can block it.(他扣球力度很大,没人能拦得住。)
13
vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/ adj. 生动的,逼真的
She gave a vivid description of her trip to the Amazon rainforest.(她生动地描述了自己的亚马逊雨林之旅。)
1. vividly /ˈvɪvɪdli/ adv. 生动地;逼真地2. vividness /ˈvɪvɪdnəs/ n. 生动性;逼真度
1. The movie vividly shows the life of farmers in the 1950s.(这部电影生动地展现了20世纪50年代农民的生活。)2. The vividness of her storytelling made everyone feel like they were there.(她讲故事的逼真度让所有人都有身临其境的感觉。)
14
assign /əˈsaɪn/ v. 分配,分派
The teacher assigned us a math homework yesterday.(老师昨天给我们布置了数学作业。)
1. assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ n. 任务;作业(高中核心派生词)2. assignable /əˈsaɪnəbl/ adj. 可分配的;可指定的
1. I need to finish my English assignment before going to bed.(我要在睡觉前完成英语作业。)2. The task is assignable to any member of the team.(这项任务可以分配给团队的任何成员。)
15
preliminary /prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ri/ adj. 初步的;预备的
We need to do a preliminary test before the official experiment.(正式实验前,我们需要做一次预备测试。)
1. preliminary /prɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ri/ n. 预赛;预备步骤2. preliminarily /prɪˈlɪmɪnərəli/ adv. 初步地;预备地
1. The preliminary of the singing contest will be held next week.(歌唱比赛的预赛将于下周举行。)2. We discussed the plan preliminarily and will make a final decision tomorrow.(我们初步讨论了这个计划,明天将做最终决定。)
16
surgery /ˈsɜːdʒ(ə)ri/ n. 外科手术
The doctor performed a successful surgery on the patient’s heart.(医生给病人做了一台成功的心脏外科手术。)
1. surgical /ˈsɜːdʒɪkl/ adj. 外科的;手术的2. surgically /ˈsɜːdʒɪkli/ adv. 外科手术般地;精确地
1. The hospital has advanced surgical equipment to treat patients.(这家医院有先进的外科手术设备来治疗病人。)2. The machine cuts the material surgically to ensure accuracy.(这台机器精确地切割材料,以保证准确性。)
17
defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v. 战胜,打败
Our team defeated the champion in the basketball game.(我们队在篮球比赛中打败了冠军队。)
1. defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ n. 失败;战胜2. defeated /dɪˈfiːtɪd/ adj. 被打败的;受挫的
1. The team suffered a heavy defeat in the final.(这支队伍在决赛中遭遇了惨败。)2. The defeated army had to retreat to their base.(战败的军队不得不撤退到基地。)
18
steely /ˈstiːli/ adj. 钢铁般的;坚定的
She has a steely determination to achieve her goals.(她有钢铁般的决心去实现目标。)
steel /stiːl/ n. 钢;钢铁(“steely”的词根名词)
The bridge is made of steel, so it’s very strong.(这座桥是钢铁做的,非常坚固。)
19
nerve /nɜːv/ n. 意志力;神经
It takes a lot of nerve to speak in front of a large crowd.(在很多人面前讲话需要很大的意志力。)
1. nervous /ˈnɜːvəs/ adj. 紧张的;神经的(高中核心派生词)2. nervously /ˈnɜːvəsli/ adv. 紧张地
1. She feels nervous when she has to take an exam.(要考试时,她会感到紧张。)2. He tapped his fingers nervously while waiting for the result.(等待结果时,他紧张地敲着手指。)
20
seize /siːz/ v. 夺取;抓住
The police seized the stolen goods during the raid.(警方在突袭中缴获了赃物。)
seizure /ˈsiːʒə(r)/ n. 夺取;(疾病)发作(高中常考“夺取”义)
The seizure of the illegal drugs was a big success for the police.(缴获这些非法毒品对警方来说是一次重大成功。)
21
cooperation /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 合作,协作
The project’s success depends on the cooperation of all team members.(这个项目的成功取决于所有团队成员的合作。)
1. cooperate /kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作;协作(“cooperation”的动词原形)2. cooperative /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/ adj. 合作的;乐于合作的
1. We need to cooperate with each other to finish the task on time.(我们需要互相合作,按时完成任务。)2. She is a cooperative student who always helps her classmates.(她是个乐于合作的学生,经常帮助同学。)
22
intense /ɪnˈtens/ adj. 紧张的,激烈的
The competition between the two teams was intense.(两队之间的竞争非常激烈。)
1. intensely /ɪnˈtensli/ adv. 强烈地;紧张地2. intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/ n. 强度;紧张程度
1. He stared intensely at the blackboard to understand the problem.(他专注地盯着黑板,想弄懂这个问题。)2. The intensity of the storm decreased as night came.(随着夜晚降临,暴风雨的强度减弱了。)
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