小升初语法辨析 (一般现在时 vs一般过去时)（讲义）-2025-2026学年译林版（三起）（2012）英语六年级下册

该小学英语小升初复习讲义聚焦一般现在时与一般过去时核心语法点，教学目标为帮助学生掌握两种时态的功能、标志词、结构及区别。通过语法辨析（功能分类、标志词归纳、结构拆解、核心对比表格）系统梳理知识，结合专项练习（基础达标动词填空与选择、能力提升改写句子与改错、拓展提优时态混合填空与写作），实现从知识理解到综合运用的递进，对接小升初语法考点。 亮点在于对比式知识建构与语境化能力训练，如核心对比表格清晰呈现时态功能、标志词、动词形式等差异，培养学生分析比较的思维品质；拓展提优环节的“My Weekend”写作任务，要求结合一般现在时（通常活动）与一般过去时（刚过去周末活动），提升学生在真实语境中准确运用时态的语言能力。阶梯式练习覆盖不同难度，参考答案与范文提供明确标准，教师可据此精准诊断学生薄弱点，高效提升复习针对性。

小升初英语语法辨析 (一般现在时 vs. 一般过去时)&专项练习 第一部分：语法辨析 (一般现在时 vs. 一般过去时) 一、 一般现在时 (The Simple Present Tense) 1.功能： （1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 （2）表示客观事实、真理。 （3）表示现在的状态或感觉。 （4）在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作。 2.标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never（频率副词） every day/week/month/year, on Sundays, once a week in the morning/afternoon/evening 3.结构： （1）肯定句： I/You/We/They + 动词原形 He/She/It + 动词第三人称单数形式 (V-s/es) （2）否定句： I/You/We/They + do not (don‘t) + 动词原形 He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + 动词原形 （3）一般疑问句： Do + I/you/we/they + 动词原形 ...? Does + he/she/it + 动词原形 ...? 例句： I go to school at 7:00 every day. (习惯性动作) The sun rises in the east. (客观真理) She likes playing the piano. (现在状态) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (条件从句表将来) 二、 一般过去时 (The Simple Past Tense) 1.功能： 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2.标志词： yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ... ago, in 2020, just now this morning (如果说话时已是下午或晚上) 3.结构： 肯定句：主语 + 动词的过去式 (V-ed/不规则变化) 否定句：主语 + did not (didn‘t) + 动词原形 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ...? 例句： I watched a movie last night. (过去某个时间) He was a teacher ten years ago. (过去状态) When I was a child, I often flew kites in the park. (过去习惯) 三、 核心对比总结 方面 一般现在时 一般过去时 功能 现在习惯、客观事实、当前状态 过去发生的事、过去的状态 标志词 every day, always, often... yesterday, last week, ... ago 动词形式 原形 / 第三人称单数(-s/-es) 过去式 (规则/不规则) 助动词 do/does (用于否定和疑问) did (用于否定和疑问) 关键提醒：在一般过去时的否定句和疑问句中，助动词did已经体现了“过去”的含义，后面的动词必须恢复原形。 (误) He didn‘t went to the park. (正) He didn’t go to the park. (误) Did you saw him? (正) Did you see him? 第二部分：专项练习卷 Name: ______________ Score: ______________ 一、 基础达标 (夯实基础) A. 用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1.I usually ______ (do) my homework after dinner. 2.She ______ (go) to the library yesterday. 3.My father ______ (watch) TV every evening. 4.They ______ (play) basketball on the playground just now. 5.Tom ______ (not like) eating vegetables. 6.______ you ______ (visit) your grandparents last weekend? B. 选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. We often ________ games after school. A. play B. played C. are playing ( ) 2. —What did you do last night? —I ________ my room. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned ( ) 3. The earth ________ around the sun. A. moves B. moved C. will move ( ) 4. Mike ________ a new bike. He ________ it to school every day. A. has; rides B. had; rode C. has; rode 二、 能力提升 (综合运用) A. 改写句子。 1.She does her homework at home. (改为否定句) She ________ ________ her homework at home. 2.They went to the zoo by bus. (改为一般疑问句) ________ they ________ to the zoo by bus? 3.I am late for school today. (用yesterday替换today) I ________ late for school ________. 4.He visits the museum once a month. (用last month替换once a month) He ________ the museum ________ ________. B. 找出句中的错误并改正。 1. My brother don‘t like swimming. ________ → ________ 2. Did she went to the concert? ________ → ________ 3. I often help my mom cleans the room. ________ → ________ 三、 拓展提优 (挑战自我) A. 时态混合填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空)。 1. —What ______ you usually ______ (do) on weekends? —I usually ______ (read) books. But last weekend I ______ (go) hiking. 2. Look! The cat ______ (run) after a mouse. It ______ (catch) a big mouse yesterday. 3. My sister ______ (be) a student now. She ______ (work) in a hospital five years ago. 4. —______ you ______ (have) a good time at the party last night? —Yes, we ______. We ______ (sing) and ______ (dance) happily. B. 写作。 以“My Weekend”为题，写一篇小短文。要求至少包含5句话，并正确使用一般现在时（描述你通常如何度过周末）和一般过去时（描述你刚过去的这个周末做了什么）。 My Weekend __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三部分：练习卷参考答案 一、 基础达标 A. 1. Do 2. Went 3. Watches 4. Played 5. Doesn’t like 6. Did; visit B. 1.A 2.C 3.A 4.A 二、 能力提升 A. 1. does not do 2. Did; go 3. was; yesterday 4. visited; last month B. 1. don‘t → doesn’t 2. went → go 3. cleans → clean 三、 拓展提优 A. 1. do; do; read; went 2. is running; caught 3. is; worked 4. Did; have; did; sang; danced B. (范文示例) My Weekend I usually have a busy weekend. On Saturdays, I always go to my drawing class. On Sundays, I often play football with my friends. But last weekend was different. I didn’t go to drawing class because my teacher was ill. On Saturday, I visited my cousin and we played video games together. On Sunday, I helped my father wash the car. It was a relaxing and happy weekend. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $