内容正文:
UNIT 2 Onwards and upwards.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
debt /det/ n. 债务,欠款
1. debtor /ˈdetə(r)/ n. 债务人2. debt-free /ˈdet friː/ adj. 无债的
1. in debt(欠债,如He is heavily in debt)2. pay off a debt(偿还债务)
“欠他人的钱→债务”
He had to work extra hours to pay off his medical debt.(他不得不加班工作来偿还医疗债务。)
2
pace /peɪs/ n. 速度;进度;v. 调整速度
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. keep pace with(跟上……速度,如keep pace with technology)2. at a slow/fast pace(以慢/快速度)
“事物进展的速度→速度;进度”
We need to keep pace with the latest changes in the industry.(我们需要跟上行业最新变化的速度。)
3
inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知,告知
information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 信息;消息
inform sb of sth(告知某人某事,如inform us of the meeting time)
“把信息告诉他人→通知”
The school informed parents of the new safety rules via email.(学校通过邮件告知家长新的安全规定。)
4
dread /dred/ v. 畏惧,惧怕;n. 恐惧
dreadful /ˈdredfl/ adj. 可怕的;糟糕的
1. dread doing sth(害怕做某事,如dread flying)2. in dread of(害怕……,如in dread of failure)
“对某事感到害怕→畏惧”
She dreads going to the dentist because she is afraid of pain.(她害怕去看牙医,因为怕疼。)
5
rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少,难得
rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀有的;罕见的
1. rarely do sb do(倒装,如Rarely does she get angry)2. rarely ever(几乎不,如I rarely ever eat fast food)
“发生频率低→很少”
Rarely does he miss a day of work, even when he is sick.(即使生病,他也几乎不缺勤。)
6
overnight /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ adv. 突然,一下子;adj. 过夜的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. become famous overnight(一夜成名)2. overnight stay(过夜停留)
“短时间内发生→突然”
The young singer became famous overnight after her video went viral online.(这位年轻歌手的视频在网上走红后,一夜成名。)
7
rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n. 拒绝,否决
reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝;排斥
1. rejection of sth(对……的拒绝,如rejection of the plan)2. face rejection(面对拒绝)
“拒绝的行为或结果→拒绝”
After many rejections, she finally got an offer from her dream company.(经历多次拒绝后,她终于收到了理想公司的录用通知。)
8
nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 然而,不过
无(副词无派生词)
表转折,可置于句首/句中(如It was raining; nevertheless, we went out)
“转折连词→然而”
The task was difficult; nevertheless, the team completed it on time.(任务很难,但团队还是按时完成了。)
9
persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/ v. 锲而不舍,坚持不懈
perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力;坚持
persevere in doing sth(坚持做某事,如persevere in learning)
“克服困难继续做→坚持”
He persevered in practicing the piano every day, even when he was tired.(即使疲惫,他也坚持每天练钢琴。)
10
criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/ n. 批评;指责
criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ vt. 批评;评论
1. face criticism(面对批评,如face public criticism)2. constructive criticism(建设性批评)
“对缺点的指责→批评”
The new policy faced strong criticism from local residents.(这项新政策遭到了当地居民的强烈批评。)
11
manuscript /ˈmænjuskrɪpt/ n. 手稿,底稿
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. original manuscript(原始手稿)2. handwritten manuscript(手写手稿)
“作者手写的原稿→手稿”
The author's original manuscript of the novel is kept in the national library.(这部小说的作者原始手稿保存在国家图书馆。)
12
rye /raɪ/ n. 黑麦(谷物)
rye bread /ˈraɪ bred/ n. 黑麦面包(复合词)
1. rye flour(黑麦粉)2. eat rye bread(吃黑麦面包)
“可制作面包的谷物→黑麦”
My grandmother prefers rye bread to white bread because it is healthier.(奶奶更喜欢黑麦面包,因为它更健康。)
13
best-seller /ˌbestˈselə/ n. 畅销书;畅销产品
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a best-seller list(畅销书榜单)2. a best-selling novel(畅销小说,adj.形式)
“销量高的产品/书籍→畅销书”
This detective novel has been on the best-seller list for three months.(这本侦探小说已在畅销书榜单上停留三个月。)
14
Victorian /vɪkˈtɔːriən/ adj. 英国维多利亚(女王)时代的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. Victorian architecture(维多利亚时代建筑)2. Victorian literature(维多利亚时代文学)
“19世纪英国维多利亚女王时期的→维多利亚时代的”
We visited a well-preserved Victorian house with beautiful wooden furniture.(我们参观了一座保存完好的维多利亚时代房屋,里面有精美的木制家具。)
15
laureate /ˈlɔːriət/ n. 重要奖项获得者
Nobel laureate(诺贝尔奖获得者,固定搭配)
1. Nobel laureate(诺贝尔奖获得者)2. poetry laureate(桂冠诗人,同Poet Laureate)
“获得荣誉奖项的人→重要奖项获得者”
The famous scientist is a Nobel laureate in chemistry.(这位著名科学家是诺贝尔化学奖获得者。)
16
Poet Laureate /ˌpəʊɪt ˈlɔːriət/ 桂冠诗人(官方任命的诗人)
无(专有短语)
the UK/US Poet Laureate(英国/美国桂冠诗人)
“官方任命的国家诗人→桂冠诗人”
The UK Poet Laureate writes poems for important national events, like royal weddings.(英国桂冠诗人为重要国家活动创作诗歌,如王室婚礼。)
17
classic /ˈklæsɪk/ n. 名著;经典作品;adj. 经典的
classical /ˈklæsɪkl/ adj. 古典的;经典的
1. classic literature(经典文学,如classic novels)2. a classic film(经典电影)
“流传久、价值高的作品→名著;经典的”
"To Kill a Mockingbird" is considered a classic of American literature.(《杀死一只知更鸟》被视为美国文学经典。)
18
endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n.(忍)耐力;持久力
endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ vt. & vi. 忍受;持续
1. endurance test(耐力测试)2. physical endurance(身体耐力)
“忍受困难或持续的能力→耐力”
Long-distance running requires both speed and endurance.(长跑既需要速度,也需要耐力。)
19
guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证;确保;n. 保证;担保
guaranteed /ˌɡærənˈtiːd/ adj. 有保证的
1. guarantee sth to sb(向某人保证某事,如guarantee quality to customers)2. give a guarantee(提供担保)
“承诺某事会发生→保证”
The shop guarantees a full refund if customers are not satisfied with the product.(若顾客对产品不满意,商店保证全额退款。)
20
delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 愉快的,高兴的
delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 高兴;乐事;v. 使高兴
1. be delighted to do sth(高兴做某事,如be delighted to help)2. be delighted with(对……满意,如be delighted with the gift)
“感到开心的→愉快的”
She was delighted to receive an invitation to the international conference.(收到国际会议的邀请,她非常高兴。)
21
outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果,后果
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. the outcome of sth(……的结果,如the outcome of the exam)2. positive/negative outcome(积极/消极结果)
“事情发展的最终结果→结果”
We are all anxious to know the outcome of the negotiation between the two companies.(我们都急于知道两家公司谈判的结果。)
22
worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 重要的;值得做的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. be worthwhile to do sth(值得做某事,如be worthwhile to visit)2. a worthwhile effort(值得的努力)
“做了有价值的→值得做的”
It is worthwhile to spend time volunteering in the community.(花时间在社区做志愿工作是值得的。)
23
blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ n. 毯子,毛毯;v. 覆盖
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. woolen blanket(羊毛毯)2. blanket sth(覆盖某物,如snow blanketed the ground)
“保暖用的织物→毯子”
She wrapped herself in a thick blanket to stay warm on the cold night.(寒冷的夜晚,她用厚毯子裹住自己保暖。)
24
beaver /ˈbiːvə/ n. 河狸,海狸
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. beaver dam(河狸坝,河狸筑的坝)2. a family of beavers(一窝河狸)
“会筑坝的水生哺乳动物→河狸”
Beavers are famous for building dams that change the flow of rivers.(河狸因能筑坝改变河流流向而闻名。)
25
cucumber /ˈkjuːkʌmbə/ n. 黄瓜
cucumber salad /ˈkjuːkʌmbə ˈsæləd/ n. 黄瓜沙拉(复合词)
1. fresh cucumber(新鲜黄瓜)2. slice a cucumber(切黄瓜)
“常见的绿色蔬菜→黄瓜”
We made a refreshing cucumber salad for lunch on a hot day.(炎热的日子里,我们做了清爽的黄瓜沙拉当午餐。)
26
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热心的,热衷的
enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情;热忱
be enthusiastic about(对……热衷,如be enthusiastic about sports)
“对事物有强烈兴趣的→热心的”
The students are enthusiastic about the new science project.(学生们对这个新的科学项目充满热情。)
27
contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛,竞赛;/kənˈtest/ v. 争夺
contestant /kənˈtestənt/ n. 参赛者
1. singing contest(歌唱比赛)2. contest for sth(争夺某物,如contest for the title)
“竞争性的活动→比赛”
Over 200 students took part in the school's English speech contest.(超过200名学生参加了学校的英语演讲比赛。)
28
upset /ˌʌpˈset/ adj. 心烦意乱的,烦恼的;v. 使 upset
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. be upset about(因……心烦,如be upset about a mistake)2. upset sb(使某人心烦,如His words upset her)
“情绪低落的→心烦的”
She was upset about missing the important meeting due to traffic.(因交通堵塞错过重要会议,她很心烦。)
29
elect /ɪˈlekt/ v. 选举,推选
election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举;推举
1. elect sb (as) sth(选举某人为……,如elect him president)2. general election(大选)
“通过投票选某人→选举”
The students elected her as the monitor because of her responsibility.(学生们因她有责任心,选举她当班长。)
30
blessing /ˈblesɪŋ/ n. 幸事,幸运;祝福
bless /bles/ v. 祝福;保佑
1. a blessing in disguise(塞翁失马,因祸得福)2. give blessings(给予祝福)
“带来好运的事→幸事”
Losing that job turned out to be a blessing in disguise—she found a better one later.(丢了那份工作其实是塞翁失马,她后来找到了更好的工作。)
31
appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ adj. 感激的;赏识的
appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ vt. 感激;欣赏
be appreciative of(感激……,如be appreciative of help)
“对帮助或好处心存感激的→感激的”
We are very appreciative of your support during our difficult times.(非常感谢你在我们困难时期给予的支持。)
32
worthy /ˈwɜːði/ adj. 值得尊敬的;值得赞赏的
worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值得的(近义词)
1. be worthy of(值得……,如be worthy of respect)2. worthy cause(崇高的事业)
“品德或行为值得认可的→值得尊敬的”
His selfless dedication to helping the poor makes him worthy of our respect.(他无私奉献帮助穷人,值得我们尊敬。)
33
worthy of /ˈwɜːði ɒv/ 值得……的
无(短语)
be worthy of + n./doing(值得……,如be worthy of attention/being praised)
“配得上或值得拥有→值得……的”
This important issue is worthy of careful consideration.(这个重要问题值得仔细考虑。)
34
mere /mɪə/ adj. 仅仅,只不过;纯粹的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a mere child(只不过是个孩子)2. mere chance(纯粹的运气)
“数量或程度少,强调‘只不过’→仅仅”
He is a mere beginner in playing the guitar, so he makes many mistakes.(他只是个吉他初学者,所以经常出错。)
35
gentleness /ˈdʒentlnəs/ n. 和蔼,温和;温柔
gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温和的;温柔的
1. the gentleness of sb(某人的温和,如the gentleness of her voice)2. show gentleness(表现出温和)
“性格温和的特质→和蔼”
Everyone likes to talk to her because of her gentleness and kindness.(因为她温和善良,大家都喜欢和她聊天。)
36
companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/ n. 友谊;友好交往
companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 同伴;伙伴
1. the companionship of friends(朋友间的友谊)2. enjoy sb's companionship(喜欢和某人相处)
“与人友好相处的关系→友谊”
She enjoys the companionship of her old friends, even if they meet only once a month.(她喜欢和老朋友相处,即使他们一个月只见一次面。)
37
fingertip /ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/ n. 指尖
at one's fingertips(了如指掌;手边可得,短语)
1. at one's fingertips(手边可得,如facts at his fingertips)2. touch with fingertips(用指尖触摸)
“手指的顶端→指尖”
The experienced teacher has all the teaching materials at her fingertips.(这位有经验的老师手边随时有所有教学资料。)
38
outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ n. 外形,轮廓;大纲;v. 概述
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. the outline of sth(……的轮廓,如the outline of a mountain)2. make an outline(列大纲,如make an outline for an essay)
“事物的外部轮廓或内容框架→轮廓;大纲”
We could see the outline of the ancient castle against the sunset.(夕阳下,我们能看到那座古堡的轮廓。)
39
intoxicate /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/ v. 使兴奋,使陶醉;使中毒
intoxicating /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪŋ/ adj. 令人陶醉的
1. be intoxicated by(被……陶醉,如intoxicated by music)2. intoxicating smell(令人陶醉的气味)
“使人心情极度愉悦→使陶醉”
The audience was intoxicated by the musician's beautiful performance.(观众被音乐家优美的演奏陶醉了。)
40
pageant /ˈpædʒənt/ n. 盛大的(露天)演出;庆典
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. historical pageant(历史主题露天演出)2. beauty pageant(选美比赛)
“大型公开的表演活动→盛大演出”
The city held a grand pageant to celebrate its 200th anniversary.(这座城市举办了盛大的庆典,庆祝建城200周年。)
41
the pageant of /ðə ˈpædʒənt ɒv/ (历史事件的)缤纷场景
无(短语)
the pageant of history(历史的缤纷场景)
“历史事件呈现的丰富画面→历史缤纷场景”
The novel vividly describes the pageant of life in ancient Rome.(这部小说生动描绘了古罗马生活的缤纷场景。)
42
probe /prəʊb/ v. 调查;探究;n. 探针
probing /ˈprəʊbɪŋ/ adj. 探究的(如probing questions)
1. probe into sth(调查/探究某事,如probe into the cause)2. police probe(警方调查)
“深入研究或调查→探究;调查”
Journalists spent months probing into the company's financial problems.(记者们花了数月时间调查这家公司的财务问题。)
43
dawn /dɔːn/ n. 黎明,破晓;v. 开始;显现
dawn on sb(某人明白,短语)
1. at dawn(在黎明,如start at dawn)2. It dawned on sb that(某人明白……,如It dawned on me that)
“太阳升起的时刻→黎明”
They set off for the mountain village at dawn to avoid the hot sun.(为避开烈日,他们黎明时分就出发去山村了。)
44
delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 使人高兴的事;高兴;v. 使高兴
delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 高兴的
1. a delight to do(做……是乐事,如a delight to meet)2. take delight in(以……为乐,如take delight in reading)
“让人开心的事或情绪→乐事;高兴”
It is a delight to walk in the park when the flowers are in bloom.(花开时节在公园散步是一件乐事。)
45
revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 展现,显示;揭露
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ vt. 展现;揭露
1. the revelation of sth(……的展现,如the revelation of talent)2. shocking revelation(令人震惊的揭露)
“隐藏的事物被展现→展现;揭露”
The documentary brought the revelation of the artist's unknown early works.(这部纪录片展现了这位艺术家不为人知的早期作品。)
46
workaday /ˈwɜːkədeɪ/ adj. 平凡的;平淡的;日常的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. workaday life(平凡的日常生活)2. workaday clothes(日常穿着的衣服)
“普通、不特别的→平凡的”
She enjoys the quiet happiness in her workaday life, like making breakfast for her family.(她享受平凡生活中的小幸福,比如为家人做早餐。)
47
amid /əˈmɪd/ prep. 在……之中;被……围绕
无(介词无派生词)
amid + n.(在……之中,如amid difficulties/crowds)
“处于某种环境或状态中→在……之中”
The young athlete kept calm amid the cheers of the crowd.(在人群的欢呼声中,这位年轻运动员保持冷静。)
48
haunt /hɔːnt/ n.(某人)常去的地方;v. 萦绕;常出没
haunted /ˈhɔːntɪd/ adj. 闹鬼的;萦绕心头的
1. one's favorite haunt(某人最喜欢的常去之地)2. haunt sb's mind(萦绕在某人脑海)
“某人经常去的地方→常去之地”
This small café near the park is my favorite haunt on weekends.(公园附近的这家小咖啡馆是我周末最喜欢去的地方。)
49
permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 长久的;永久的
1. permanently /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ adv. 永久地2. temporary /ˈtempərəri/ adj. 暂时的(反义词)
1. permanent job(固定工作)2. permanent residence(永久居留)
“持续时间长、不改变的→永久的”
After working as a temporary employee for a year, she finally got a permanent position.(做了一年临时工后,她终于获得了固定职位。)
50
descend /dɪˈsend/ v. 降临;来临;下降
descendant /dɪˈsendənt/ n. 后代;后裔
1. descend on(降临到……,如night descended on the city)2. descend from(从……下降;是……的后代)
“从高处下来或时间到来→下降;降临”
As darkness descended, the streets were lit up by colorful lights.(夜幕降临时,街道被彩灯照亮。)
51
mighty /ˈmaɪti/ adj. 强有力的;雄伟的;adv. 非常
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. mighty river(雄伟的河流,如the mighty Yangtze)2. mighty strong(非常强壮)
“力量大或规模宏伟的→强有力的;雄伟的”
The mighty mountain range stands between the two countries.(雄伟的山脉横亘在两国之间。)
52
strains of /streɪnz ɒv/ 音乐的曲调或旋律
strain /streɪn/ n. 曲调;旋律;v. 拉紧
strains of music(音乐的旋律,如strains of piano music)
“音乐片段的旋律→音乐曲调”
We heard soft strains of violin music coming from the next room.(我们听到隔壁房间传来轻柔的小提琴旋律。)
53
orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n.(大型的)管弦乐队
orchestral /ɔːˈkestrəl/ adj. 管弦乐的
1. symphony orchestra(交响乐团)2. play in an orchestra(在管弦乐队演奏)
“由多种乐器组成的大型乐队→管弦乐队”
The city's symphony orchestra will perform Beethoven's works this weekend.(该市交响乐团本周将演奏贝多芬的作品。)
54
tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 触觉的;能触知的
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. tactile experience(触觉体验)2. tactile feedback(触觉反馈,如in games)
“与触摸相关的→触觉的”
Blind people rely on tactile information, like Braille, to read.(盲人依靠触觉信息,如布拉耶盲文,进行阅读。)
55
perfume /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ n. 香味;香水;v. 洒香水
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. the perfume of flowers(花香)2. wear perfume(喷香水)
“好闻的气味或香水→香味;香水”
The perfume of jasmine filled the garden on summer evenings.(夏日夜晚,茉莉花香弥漫整个花园。)
56
relish /ˈrelɪʃ/ n. 享受,乐趣;调味品;v. 喜爱
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. relish for life(对生活的热爱)2. relish doing sth(喜爱做某事,如relish cooking)
“从某事中获得的乐趣→享受”
She has a great relish for traveling and has visited over 20 countries.(她非常喜欢旅行,已经去过20多个国家。)
57
morsel /ˈmɔːs(ə)l/ n.(尤指食物的)一小片,一小块
无(高中阶段常见派生词)
1. a morsel of bread(一小块面包)2. a morsel of information(一点信息)
“数量很少的食物或事物→一小块”
The old man ate only a morsel of rice for lunch because he was not hungry.(老人午餐只吃了一小口米饭,因为他不饿。)
58
delightful /dɪˈlaɪtfl/ adj. 令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的
delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 高兴;v. 使高兴
1. delightful weather(宜人的天气)2. delightful person(讨人喜欢的人)
“让人感到开心的→令人愉快的”
We had a delightful afternoon chatting with our old friends in the café.(我们在咖啡馆和老朋友聊天,度过了愉快的下午。)
59
embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 难堪的,尴尬的
1. embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ vt. 使尴尬2. embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 尴尬
1. be embarrassed about(因……尴尬,如be embarrassed about a mistake)2. feel embarrassed(感到尴尬)
“因失礼或出错感到不自在→尴尬的”
He felt embarrassed when he realized he had called the teacher by the wrong name.(意识到自己叫错了老师的名字,他感到很尴尬。)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$