Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 同步词汇笔记 清单-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册

2025-09-19
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UNIT 2 Onwards and upwards.同步词汇笔记 序号 单词 派生词 核心考点 单词速记 例句 1 debt /det/ n. 债务,欠款 1. debtor /ˈdetə(r)/ n. 债务人2. debt-free /ˈdet friː/ adj. 无债的 1. in debt(欠债,如He is heavily in debt)2. pay off a debt(偿还债务) “欠他人的钱→债务” He had to work extra hours to pay off his medical debt.(他不得不加班工作来偿还医疗债务。) 2 pace /peɪs/ n. 速度;进度;v. 调整速度 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. keep pace with(跟上……速度,如keep pace with technology)2. at a slow/fast pace(以慢/快速度) “事物进展的速度→速度;进度” We need to keep pace with the latest changes in the industry.(我们需要跟上行业最新变化的速度。) 3 inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知,告知 information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 信息;消息 inform sb of sth(告知某人某事,如inform us of the meeting time) “把信息告诉他人→通知” The school informed parents of the new safety rules via email.(学校通过邮件告知家长新的安全规定。) 4 dread /dred/ v. 畏惧,惧怕;n. 恐惧 dreadful /ˈdredfl/ adj. 可怕的;糟糕的 1. dread doing sth(害怕做某事,如dread flying)2. in dread of(害怕……,如in dread of failure) “对某事感到害怕→畏惧” She dreads going to the dentist because she is afraid of pain.(她害怕去看牙医,因为怕疼。) 5 rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少,难得 rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀有的;罕见的 1. rarely do sb do(倒装,如Rarely does she get angry)2. rarely ever(几乎不,如I rarely ever eat fast food) “发生频率低→很少” Rarely does he miss a day of work, even when he is sick.(即使生病,他也几乎不缺勤。) 6 overnight /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ adv. 突然,一下子;adj. 过夜的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. become famous overnight(一夜成名)2. overnight stay(过夜停留) “短时间内发生→突然” The young singer became famous overnight after her video went viral online.(这位年轻歌手的视频在网上走红后,一夜成名。) 7 rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n. 拒绝,否决 reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ vt. 拒绝;排斥 1. rejection of sth(对……的拒绝,如rejection of the plan)2. face rejection(面对拒绝) “拒绝的行为或结果→拒绝” After many rejections, she finally got an offer from her dream company.(经历多次拒绝后,她终于收到了理想公司的录用通知。) 8 nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 然而,不过 无(副词无派生词) 表转折,可置于句首/句中(如It was raining; nevertheless, we went out) “转折连词→然而” The task was difficult; nevertheless, the team completed it on time.(任务很难,但团队还是按时完成了。) 9 persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/ v. 锲而不舍,坚持不懈 perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力;坚持 persevere in doing sth(坚持做某事,如persevere in learning) “克服困难继续做→坚持” He persevered in practicing the piano every day, even when he was tired.(即使疲惫,他也坚持每天练钢琴。) 10 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/ n. 批评;指责 criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ vt. 批评;评论 1. face criticism(面对批评,如face public criticism)2. constructive criticism(建设性批评) “对缺点的指责→批评” The new policy faced strong criticism from local residents.(这项新政策遭到了当地居民的强烈批评。) 11 manuscript /ˈmænjuskrɪpt/ n. 手稿,底稿 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. original manuscript(原始手稿)2. handwritten manuscript(手写手稿) “作者手写的原稿→手稿” The author's original manuscript of the novel is kept in the national library.(这部小说的作者原始手稿保存在国家图书馆。) 12 rye /raɪ/ n. 黑麦(谷物) rye bread /ˈraɪ bred/ n. 黑麦面包(复合词) 1. rye flour(黑麦粉)2. eat rye bread(吃黑麦面包) “可制作面包的谷物→黑麦” My grandmother prefers rye bread to white bread because it is healthier.(奶奶更喜欢黑麦面包,因为它更健康。) 13 best-seller /ˌbestˈselə/ n. 畅销书;畅销产品 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. a best-seller list(畅销书榜单)2. a best-selling novel(畅销小说,adj.形式) “销量高的产品/书籍→畅销书” This detective novel has been on the best-seller list for three months.(这本侦探小说已在畅销书榜单上停留三个月。) 14 Victorian /vɪkˈtɔːriən/ adj. 英国维多利亚(女王)时代的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. Victorian architecture(维多利亚时代建筑)2. Victorian literature(维多利亚时代文学) “19世纪英国维多利亚女王时期的→维多利亚时代的” We visited a well-preserved Victorian house with beautiful wooden furniture.(我们参观了一座保存完好的维多利亚时代房屋,里面有精美的木制家具。) 15 laureate /ˈlɔːriət/ n. 重要奖项获得者 Nobel laureate(诺贝尔奖获得者,固定搭配) 1. Nobel laureate(诺贝尔奖获得者)2. poetry laureate(桂冠诗人,同Poet Laureate) “获得荣誉奖项的人→重要奖项获得者” The famous scientist is a Nobel laureate in chemistry.(这位著名科学家是诺贝尔化学奖获得者。) 16 Poet Laureate /ˌpəʊɪt ˈlɔːriət/ 桂冠诗人(官方任命的诗人) 无(专有短语) the UK/US Poet Laureate(英国/美国桂冠诗人) “官方任命的国家诗人→桂冠诗人” The UK Poet Laureate writes poems for important national events, like royal weddings.(英国桂冠诗人为重要国家活动创作诗歌,如王室婚礼。) 17 classic /ˈklæsɪk/ n. 名著;经典作品;adj. 经典的 classical /ˈklæsɪkl/ adj. 古典的;经典的 1. classic literature(经典文学,如classic novels)2. a classic film(经典电影) “流传久、价值高的作品→名著;经典的” "To Kill a Mockingbird" is considered a classic of American literature.(《杀死一只知更鸟》被视为美国文学经典。) 18 endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n.(忍)耐力;持久力 endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ vt. & vi. 忍受;持续 1. endurance test(耐力测试)2. physical endurance(身体耐力) “忍受困难或持续的能力→耐力” Long-distance running requires both speed and endurance.(长跑既需要速度,也需要耐力。) 19 guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证;确保;n. 保证;担保 guaranteed /ˌɡærənˈtiːd/ adj. 有保证的 1. guarantee sth to sb(向某人保证某事,如guarantee quality to customers)2. give a guarantee(提供担保) “承诺某事会发生→保证” The shop guarantees a full refund if customers are not satisfied with the product.(若顾客对产品不满意,商店保证全额退款。) 20 delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 愉快的,高兴的 delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 高兴;乐事;v. 使高兴 1. be delighted to do sth(高兴做某事,如be delighted to help)2. be delighted with(对……满意,如be delighted with the gift) “感到开心的→愉快的” She was delighted to receive an invitation to the international conference.(收到国际会议的邀请,她非常高兴。) 21 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果,后果 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. the outcome of sth(……的结果,如the outcome of the exam)2. positive/negative outcome(积极/消极结果) “事情发展的最终结果→结果” We are all anxious to know the outcome of the negotiation between the two companies.(我们都急于知道两家公司谈判的结果。) 22 worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 重要的;值得做的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. be worthwhile to do sth(值得做某事,如be worthwhile to visit)2. a worthwhile effort(值得的努力) “做了有价值的→值得做的” It is worthwhile to spend time volunteering in the community.(花时间在社区做志愿工作是值得的。) 23 blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ n. 毯子,毛毯;v. 覆盖 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. woolen blanket(羊毛毯)2. blanket sth(覆盖某物,如snow blanketed the ground) “保暖用的织物→毯子” She wrapped herself in a thick blanket to stay warm on the cold night.(寒冷的夜晚,她用厚毯子裹住自己保暖。) 24 beaver /ˈbiːvə/ n. 河狸,海狸 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. beaver dam(河狸坝,河狸筑的坝)2. a family of beavers(一窝河狸) “会筑坝的水生哺乳动物→河狸” Beavers are famous for building dams that change the flow of rivers.(河狸因能筑坝改变河流流向而闻名。) 25 cucumber /ˈkjuːkʌmbə/ n. 黄瓜 cucumber salad /ˈkjuːkʌmbə ˈsæləd/ n. 黄瓜沙拉(复合词) 1. fresh cucumber(新鲜黄瓜)2. slice a cucumber(切黄瓜) “常见的绿色蔬菜→黄瓜” We made a refreshing cucumber salad for lunch on a hot day.(炎热的日子里,我们做了清爽的黄瓜沙拉当午餐。) 26 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热心的,热衷的 enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情;热忱 be enthusiastic about(对……热衷,如be enthusiastic about sports) “对事物有强烈兴趣的→热心的” The students are enthusiastic about the new science project.(学生们对这个新的科学项目充满热情。) 27 contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛,竞赛;/kənˈtest/ v. 争夺 contestant /kənˈtestənt/ n. 参赛者 1. singing contest(歌唱比赛)2. contest for sth(争夺某物,如contest for the title) “竞争性的活动→比赛” Over 200 students took part in the school's English speech contest.(超过200名学生参加了学校的英语演讲比赛。) 28 upset /ˌʌpˈset/ adj. 心烦意乱的,烦恼的;v. 使 upset 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. be upset about(因……心烦,如be upset about a mistake)2. upset sb(使某人心烦,如His words upset her) “情绪低落的→心烦的” She was upset about missing the important meeting due to traffic.(因交通堵塞错过重要会议,她很心烦。) 29 elect /ɪˈlekt/ v. 选举,推选 election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举;推举 1. elect sb (as) sth(选举某人为……,如elect him president)2. general election(大选) “通过投票选某人→选举” The students elected her as the monitor because of her responsibility.(学生们因她有责任心,选举她当班长。) 30 blessing /ˈblesɪŋ/ n. 幸事,幸运;祝福 bless /bles/ v. 祝福;保佑 1. a blessing in disguise(塞翁失马,因祸得福)2. give blessings(给予祝福) “带来好运的事→幸事” Losing that job turned out to be a blessing in disguise—she found a better one later.(丢了那份工作其实是塞翁失马,她后来找到了更好的工作。) 31 appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ adj. 感激的;赏识的 appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ vt. 感激;欣赏 be appreciative of(感激……,如be appreciative of help) “对帮助或好处心存感激的→感激的” We are very appreciative of your support during our difficult times.(非常感谢你在我们困难时期给予的支持。) 32 worthy /ˈwɜːði/ adj. 值得尊敬的;值得赞赏的 worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值得的(近义词) 1. be worthy of(值得……,如be worthy of respect)2. worthy cause(崇高的事业) “品德或行为值得认可的→值得尊敬的” His selfless dedication to helping the poor makes him worthy of our respect.(他无私奉献帮助穷人,值得我们尊敬。) 33 worthy of /ˈwɜːði ɒv/ 值得……的 无(短语) be worthy of + n./doing(值得……,如be worthy of attention/being praised) “配得上或值得拥有→值得……的” This important issue is worthy of careful consideration.(这个重要问题值得仔细考虑。) 34 mere /mɪə/ adj. 仅仅,只不过;纯粹的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. a mere child(只不过是个孩子)2. mere chance(纯粹的运气) “数量或程度少,强调‘只不过’→仅仅” He is a mere beginner in playing the guitar, so he makes many mistakes.(他只是个吉他初学者,所以经常出错。) 35 gentleness /ˈdʒentlnəs/ n. 和蔼,温和;温柔 gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温和的;温柔的 1. the gentleness of sb(某人的温和,如the gentleness of her voice)2. show gentleness(表现出温和) “性格温和的特质→和蔼” Everyone likes to talk to her because of her gentleness and kindness.(因为她温和善良,大家都喜欢和她聊天。) 36 companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/ n. 友谊;友好交往 companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 同伴;伙伴 1. the companionship of friends(朋友间的友谊)2. enjoy sb's companionship(喜欢和某人相处) “与人友好相处的关系→友谊” She enjoys the companionship of her old friends, even if they meet only once a month.(她喜欢和老朋友相处,即使他们一个月只见一次面。) 37 fingertip /ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/ n. 指尖 at one's fingertips(了如指掌;手边可得,短语) 1. at one's fingertips(手边可得,如facts at his fingertips)2. touch with fingertips(用指尖触摸) “手指的顶端→指尖” The experienced teacher has all the teaching materials at her fingertips.(这位有经验的老师手边随时有所有教学资料。) 38 outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ n. 外形,轮廓;大纲;v. 概述 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. the outline of sth(……的轮廓,如the outline of a mountain)2. make an outline(列大纲,如make an outline for an essay) “事物的外部轮廓或内容框架→轮廓;大纲” We could see the outline of the ancient castle against the sunset.(夕阳下,我们能看到那座古堡的轮廓。) 39 intoxicate /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/ v. 使兴奋,使陶醉;使中毒 intoxicating /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪŋ/ adj. 令人陶醉的 1. be intoxicated by(被……陶醉,如intoxicated by music)2. intoxicating smell(令人陶醉的气味) “使人心情极度愉悦→使陶醉” The audience was intoxicated by the musician's beautiful performance.(观众被音乐家优美的演奏陶醉了。) 40 pageant /ˈpædʒənt/ n. 盛大的(露天)演出;庆典 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. historical pageant(历史主题露天演出)2. beauty pageant(选美比赛) “大型公开的表演活动→盛大演出” The city held a grand pageant to celebrate its 200th anniversary.(这座城市举办了盛大的庆典,庆祝建城200周年。) 41 the pageant of /ðə ˈpædʒənt ɒv/ (历史事件的)缤纷场景 无(短语) the pageant of history(历史的缤纷场景) “历史事件呈现的丰富画面→历史缤纷场景” The novel vividly describes the pageant of life in ancient Rome.(这部小说生动描绘了古罗马生活的缤纷场景。) 42 probe /prəʊb/ v. 调查;探究;n. 探针 probing /ˈprəʊbɪŋ/ adj. 探究的(如probing questions) 1. probe into sth(调查/探究某事,如probe into the cause)2. police probe(警方调查) “深入研究或调查→探究;调查” Journalists spent months probing into the company's financial problems.(记者们花了数月时间调查这家公司的财务问题。) 43 dawn /dɔːn/ n. 黎明,破晓;v. 开始;显现 dawn on sb(某人明白,短语) 1. at dawn(在黎明,如start at dawn)2. It dawned on sb that(某人明白……,如It dawned on me that) “太阳升起的时刻→黎明” They set off for the mountain village at dawn to avoid the hot sun.(为避开烈日,他们黎明时分就出发去山村了。) 44 delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 使人高兴的事;高兴;v. 使高兴 delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 高兴的 1. a delight to do(做……是乐事,如a delight to meet)2. take delight in(以……为乐,如take delight in reading) “让人开心的事或情绪→乐事;高兴” It is a delight to walk in the park when the flowers are in bloom.(花开时节在公园散步是一件乐事。) 45 revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 展现,显示;揭露 reveal /rɪˈviːl/ vt. 展现;揭露 1. the revelation of sth(……的展现,如the revelation of talent)2. shocking revelation(令人震惊的揭露) “隐藏的事物被展现→展现;揭露” The documentary brought the revelation of the artist's unknown early works.(这部纪录片展现了这位艺术家不为人知的早期作品。) 46 workaday /ˈwɜːkədeɪ/ adj. 平凡的;平淡的;日常的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. workaday life(平凡的日常生活)2. workaday clothes(日常穿着的衣服) “普通、不特别的→平凡的” She enjoys the quiet happiness in her workaday life, like making breakfast for her family.(她享受平凡生活中的小幸福,比如为家人做早餐。) 47 amid /əˈmɪd/ prep. 在……之中;被……围绕 无(介词无派生词) amid + n.(在……之中,如amid difficulties/crowds) “处于某种环境或状态中→在……之中” The young athlete kept calm amid the cheers of the crowd.(在人群的欢呼声中,这位年轻运动员保持冷静。) 48 haunt /hɔːnt/ n.(某人)常去的地方;v. 萦绕;常出没 haunted /ˈhɔːntɪd/ adj. 闹鬼的;萦绕心头的 1. one's favorite haunt(某人最喜欢的常去之地)2. haunt sb's mind(萦绕在某人脑海) “某人经常去的地方→常去之地” This small café near the park is my favorite haunt on weekends.(公园附近的这家小咖啡馆是我周末最喜欢去的地方。) 49 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 长久的;永久的 1. permanently /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ adv. 永久地2. temporary /ˈtempərəri/ adj. 暂时的(反义词) 1. permanent job(固定工作)2. permanent residence(永久居留) “持续时间长、不改变的→永久的” After working as a temporary employee for a year, she finally got a permanent position.(做了一年临时工后,她终于获得了固定职位。) 50 descend /dɪˈsend/ v. 降临;来临;下降 descendant /dɪˈsendənt/ n. 后代;后裔 1. descend on(降临到……,如night descended on the city)2. descend from(从……下降;是……的后代) “从高处下来或时间到来→下降;降临” As darkness descended, the streets were lit up by colorful lights.(夜幕降临时,街道被彩灯照亮。) 51 mighty /ˈmaɪti/ adj. 强有力的;雄伟的;adv. 非常 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. mighty river(雄伟的河流,如the mighty Yangtze)2. mighty strong(非常强壮) “力量大或规模宏伟的→强有力的;雄伟的” The mighty mountain range stands between the two countries.(雄伟的山脉横亘在两国之间。) 52 strains of /streɪnz ɒv/ 音乐的曲调或旋律 strain /streɪn/ n. 曲调;旋律;v. 拉紧 strains of music(音乐的旋律,如strains of piano music) “音乐片段的旋律→音乐曲调” We heard soft strains of violin music coming from the next room.(我们听到隔壁房间传来轻柔的小提琴旋律。) 53 orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n.(大型的)管弦乐队 orchestral /ɔːˈkestrəl/ adj. 管弦乐的 1. symphony orchestra(交响乐团)2. play in an orchestra(在管弦乐队演奏) “由多种乐器组成的大型乐队→管弦乐队” The city's symphony orchestra will perform Beethoven's works this weekend.(该市交响乐团本周将演奏贝多芬的作品。) 54 tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 触觉的;能触知的 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. tactile experience(触觉体验)2. tactile feedback(触觉反馈,如in games) “与触摸相关的→触觉的” Blind people rely on tactile information, like Braille, to read.(盲人依靠触觉信息,如布拉耶盲文,进行阅读。) 55 perfume /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ n. 香味;香水;v. 洒香水 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. the perfume of flowers(花香)2. wear perfume(喷香水) “好闻的气味或香水→香味;香水” The perfume of jasmine filled the garden on summer evenings.(夏日夜晚,茉莉花香弥漫整个花园。) 56 relish /ˈrelɪʃ/ n. 享受,乐趣;调味品;v. 喜爱 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. relish for life(对生活的热爱)2. relish doing sth(喜爱做某事,如relish cooking) “从某事中获得的乐趣→享受” She has a great relish for traveling and has visited over 20 countries.(她非常喜欢旅行,已经去过20多个国家。) 57 morsel /ˈmɔːs(ə)l/ n.(尤指食物的)一小片,一小块 无(高中阶段常见派生词) 1. a morsel of bread(一小块面包)2. a morsel of information(一点信息) “数量很少的食物或事物→一小块” The old man ate only a morsel of rice for lunch because he was not hungry.(老人午餐只吃了一小口米饭,因为他不饿。) 58 delightful /dɪˈlaɪtfl/ adj. 令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的 delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 高兴;v. 使高兴 1. delightful weather(宜人的天气)2. delightful person(讨人喜欢的人) “让人感到开心的→令人愉快的” We had a delightful afternoon chatting with our old friends in the café.(我们在咖啡馆和老朋友聊天,度过了愉快的下午。) 59 embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 难堪的,尴尬的 1. embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ vt. 使尴尬2. embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 尴尬 1. be embarrassed about(因……尴尬,如be embarrassed about a mistake)2. feel embarrassed(感到尴尬) “因失礼或出错感到不自在→尴尬的” He felt embarrassed when he realized he had called the teacher by the wrong name.(意识到自己叫错了老师的名字,他感到很尴尬。) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 同步词汇笔记 清单-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
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Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 同步词汇笔记 清单-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
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Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 同步词汇笔记 清单-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册
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