Unit 2 Onwards and upwards 派生法背记单词 清单-2025-2026学年高二英语外研版选择性必修第一册

UNIT 2 Onwards and upwards.派生法背记单词 序号 原词 原例 派生词 例句 1 debt /det/ n. 债务，欠款 He is in debt because he bought a new house last year.（他因为去年买了新房而负债。） debtor /ˈdetə(r)/ n. 债务人，借方 The debtor promised to pay back the money within three months.（这位债务人承诺三个月内还钱。） 2 inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v. 通知，告知 Please inform me of the meeting time as soon as possible.（请尽快告知我会议时间。） 1. information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 信息，消息2. informative /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/ adj. 提供信息的，增长见闻的 1. We need more information to make a wise decision.（我们需要更多信息才能做出明智的决定。）2. This documentary is informative about marine life.（这部纪录片关于海洋生物的内容很增长见闻。） 3 dread /dred/ v. 畏惧，惧怕 She dreads going to the dentist because it’s painful.（她害怕去看牙医，因为很疼。） 1. dread /dred/ n. 恐惧，畏惧2. dreadful /ˈdredfl/ adj. 可怕的，糟糕的 1. He has a dread of flying, so he always takes the train.（他害怕坐飞机，所以总坐火车。）2. The food in this restaurant is dreadful—we won’t come back.（这家餐厅的食物糟透了，我们不会再来了。） 4 rarely /ˈreəli/ adv. 很少，难得 She rarely eats fast food because she thinks it’s unhealthy.（她很少吃快餐，因为她觉得不健康。） rare /reə(r)/ adj. 稀有的，罕见的；很少的 Giant pandas are rare animals that need protection.（大熊猫是需要保护的稀有动物。） 5 overnight /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ adv. 突然，一下子 His online store became successful overnight.（他的网店一夜之间就火了。） overnight /ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ adj. 通宵的；突然的 We had an overnight stay at a small hotel on our trip.（我们旅行时在一家小旅馆住了一晚。） 6 rejection /rɪˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n. 拒绝，否决 His rejection of the plan made the team change their idea.（他对计划的否决让团队改变了想法。） reject /rɪˈdʒekt/ v. 拒绝，否决 She rejected his marriage proposal because they didn’t know each other well.（她拒绝了他的求婚，因为他们彼此还不够了解。） 7 persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/ v. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈 He persevered in practicing the piano even when he felt tired.（即使累了，他也坚持练钢琴。） perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力，坚持不懈 Success doesn’t come easily—it needs hard work and perseverance.（成功来之不易，需要努力和毅力。） 8 criticism /ˈkrɪtɪsɪz(ə)m/ n. 批评；指责 Her constructive criticism helped him improve his writing.（她建设性的批评帮助他提高了写作水平。） 1. criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ v. 批评，指责2. critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 批评的；关键的 1. Don’t criticize others without knowing the whole story.（不了解全部情况就不要批评别人。）2. This is a critical moment for our team—we must win this game.（这对我们团队是关键时刻，我们必须赢下这场比赛。） 9 Victorian /vɪkˈtɔːriən/ adj. 英国维多利亚（女王）时代的 This old building has a typical Victorian style.（这座老建筑有着典型的维多利亚时代风格。） Victoria /vɪkˈtɔːriə/ n. 维多利亚女王；维多利亚（地名） Victoria was one of the most influential queens in British history.（维多利亚是英国历史上最有影响力的女王之一。） 10 laureate /ˈlɔːriət/ n. 重要奖项获得者 He is a Nobel laureate in physics.（他是诺贝尔物理学奖获得者。） laureled /ˈlɔːrəld/ adj. 戴桂冠的；获得荣誉的（也作 laurelled） The laureled writer was invited to give a speech at the university.（这位获得荣誉的作家被邀请到大学演讲。） 11 classic /ˈklæsɪk/ n. 名著；经典作品 Pride and Prejudice is a classic of English literature.（《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学名著。） 1. classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 经典的；典型的2. classical /ˈklæsɪkl/ adj. 古典的；经典的 1. It’s a classic film that people still watch today.（这是一部经典电影，至今仍有人观看。）2. She learns to play classical music on the piano.（她学习用钢琴弹奏古典音乐。） 12 endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n.（忍）耐力 His endurance helped him finish the 10,000-meter race.（他的耐力帮助他完成了10000米赛跑。） 1. endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ v. 忍受，忍耐；持续2. enduring /ɪnˈdjʊərɪŋ/ adj. 持久的，持续的 1. She endured great pain to save her child.（为了救孩子，她忍受了巨大的痛苦。）2. Their enduring friendship lasted for more than 50 years.（他们持久的友谊持续了50多年。） 13 guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ v. 保证；确保 The shop guarantees that all products can be returned within 7 days.（这家店保证所有商品7天内可退换。） 1. guarantee /ˌɡærənˈtiː/ n. 保证；担保2. guaranteed /ˌɡærənˈtiːd/ adj. 有保证的，确定的 1. We have a one-year guarantee for this phone.（这部手机我们有一年保修期。）2. This job offers a guaranteed salary and good benefits.（这份工作有固定薪水和优厚福利。） 14 delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ adj. 愉快的，高兴的 She was delighted to hear that she got into her dream university.（听到自己考上梦想的大学，她很高兴。） 1. delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ v. 使高兴，使愉快2. delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 高兴，愉快；使人高兴的事 1. The children’s laughter delighted their parents.（孩子们的笑声让父母很开心。）2. Spending time with family is a great delight for her.（和家人在一起对她来说是一大乐事。） 15 blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ n. 毯子，毛毯 Please pass me the blanket—it’s cold in the room.（请把毯子递给我，房间里有点冷。） 1. blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ v. 覆盖2. blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ adj. 笼统的，全面的 1. Snow blanketed the whole village overnight.（一夜之间，大雪覆盖了整个村庄。）2. The government made a blanket policy to reduce pollution.（政府出台了一项全面的减污政策。） 16 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热心的，热衷的 She is enthusiastic about volunteering at the animal shelter.（她热心于在动物收容所做志愿者。） 1. enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情，热忱2. enthusiastically /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪkli/ adv. 热心地，热情地 1. His enthusiasm for science inspired his classmates.（他对科学的热情激励了同学们。）2. They applauded enthusiastically after the singer’s performance.（歌手表演结束后，他们热情地鼓掌。） 17 contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛，竞赛 There will be a singing contest in our school next month.（我们学校下个月将举办一场歌唱比赛。） contest /kənˈtest/ v. 争夺；质疑 He contested the election for class president and won.（他参与了班长竞选并获胜。） 18 upset /ˌʌpˈset/ adj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的 She was upset because she forgot her best friend’s birthday.（她因为忘了闺蜜的生日而心烦。） 1. upset /ʌpˈset/ v. 使心烦；打乱2. upset /ˈʌpset/ n. 心烦；混乱 1. The bad news upset everyone in the office.（坏消息让办公室里的每个人都很心烦。）2. The delay caused an upset in our travel plan.（延误打乱了我们的旅行计划。） 19 elect /ɪˈlekt/ v. 选举，推选 They elected him as the new leader of the team.（他们选举他为团队新负责人。） 1. election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举，推选2. elected /ɪˈlektɪd/ adj. 被选举的，当选的 1. The national election will be held next year.（全国选举将于明年举行。）2. The elected mayor promised to improve public services.（当选的市长承诺改善公共服务。） 20 blessing /ˈblesɪŋ/ n. 幸事，幸运 Having a healthy family is a great blessing.（有一个健康的家庭是一大幸事。） 1. bless /bles/ v. 祝福；保佑2. blessed /blesɪd/ adj. 神圣的；幸福的 1. We bless our parents for their love and care.（我们祝福父母，感谢他们的爱与关怀。）2. She has a blessed life with a loving husband and two children.（她有幸福的生活，有爱她的丈夫和两个孩子。） 21 appreciative /əˈpriːʃətɪv/ adj. 感激的 He is appreciative of her help when he was in trouble.（他很感激她在他困难时伸出援手。） 1. appreciate /əˈpriːʃieɪt/ v. 欣赏；感激2. appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏；感激 1. I appreciate your kindness in helping me with my homework.（感谢你好心帮我辅导作业。）2. Please accept this gift as a sign of my appreciation.（请收下这份礼物，以表我的感激之情。） 22 worthy /ˈwɜːði/ adj. 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 He is a worthy teacher who devotes himself to students.（他是一位值得尊敬的老师，全身心投入学生。） 1. worthily /ˈwɜːðɪli/ adv. 值得尊敬地；配得上地2. worthiness /ˈwɜːðinəs/ n. 值得；价值 1. She behaved worthily in the face of difficulties.（面对困难，她的表现值得尊敬。）2. His hard work proved his worthiness for the promotion.（他的努力工作证明了他值得晋升。） 23 mere /mɪə/ adj. 仅仅，只不过 It’s a mere 10-minute walk from my home to school.（从我家到学校只有10分钟步行路程。） merely /ˈmɪəli/ adv. 仅仅，只不过 He merely said “hello” and then left the room.（他只说了声“你好”，然后就离开了房间。） 24 gentleness /ˈdʒentlnəs/ n. 和蔼，温和 Her gentleness made all the children like her.（她的和蔼让所有孩子都喜欢她。） 1. gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温和的；轻柔的2. gently /ˈdʒentli/ adv. 温和地；轻柔地 1. He has a gentle voice that calms people down.（他的声音温和，能让人平静下来。）2. She gently touched the baby’s cheek.（她轻柔地抚摸着宝宝的脸颊。） 25 companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/ n. 友谊；友好交往 I enjoy the companionship of my old friends.（我喜欢和老朋友在一起的时光。） 1. companion /kəmˈpænjən/ n. 同伴，伙伴2. companionable /kəmˈpænjənəbl/ adj. 友善的，好交往的 1. She was my companion during the trip to Europe.（她是我欧洲之行的同伴。）2. He is a companionable person who is easy to talk to.（他是个友善的人，很容易相处。） 26 outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ n. 外形，轮廓；概要 Can you draw the outline of the map on the blackboard?（你能在黑板上画出地图的轮廓吗？） 1. outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ v. 概述；画轮廓2. outlined /ˈaʊtlaɪnd/ adj. 轮廓清晰的；概述的 1. Please outline your plan in a short paragraph.（请用一小段话概述你的计划。）2. The outlined points in the report are the key to the problem.（报告中概述的要点是问题的关键。） 27 intoxicate /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/ v. 使兴奋，使陶醉 The beautiful scenery of the lake intoxicated all the visitors.（湖边的美景让所有游客都陶醉了。） 1. intoxication /ɪnˌtɒksɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 陶醉；醉酒2. intoxicated /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 陶醉的；醉酒的 1. Her intoxication with music made her forget all worries.（她对音乐的陶醉让她忘记了所有烦恼。）2. He was intoxicated with joy when he won the prize.（获奖时，他欣喜若狂。） 28 probe /prəʊb/ v. 调查；探究 The police are probing the cause of the accident.（警方正在调查事故原因。） 1. probe /prəʊb/ n. 调查；探针2. probing /ˈprəʊbɪŋ/ adj. 探究的，探寻的 1. The team did a deep probe into the environmental problem.（团队对环境问题进行了深入调查。）2. The reporter asked probing questions about the company’s secrets.（记者就公司机密提出了探究性问题。） 29 dawn /dɔːn/ n. 黎明，破晓 We got up at dawn to watch the sunrise by the sea.（我们黎明时分起床，去海边看日出。） 1. dawn /dɔːn/ v. 开始；出现；破晓2. dawn /dɔːn/ adj. 黎明的，破晓的 1. The idea of starting a business finally dawned on him.（他终于有了创业的想法。）2. We took a dawn walk in the park and breathed fresh air.（我们在公园晨练，呼吸新鲜空气。） 30 delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ n. 使人高兴的事；高兴 Reading is her greatest delight in her free time.（阅读是她空闲时最大的乐趣。） 1. delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ v. 使高兴，使愉快2. delightful /dɪˈlaɪtfl/ adj. 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 1. The children’s happy laughter delighted their grandparents.（孩子们的笑声让祖父母很开心。）2. It’s a delightful day for a picnic in the park.（今天天气宜人，很适合去公园野餐。） 31 revelation /ˌrevəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 展现，显示；揭露 The revelation of his true identity surprised everyone.（他真实身份的曝光让所有人都很惊讶。） 1. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 显示，透露；展现2. revealing /rɪˈviːlɪŋ/ adj. 揭露真相的；暴露身份的 1. She refused to reveal her age to anyone.（她拒绝向任何人透露自己的年龄。）2. The report is revealing about the company’s financial problems.（这份报告揭露了公司的财务问题。） 32 haunt /hɔːnt/ n.（某人）常去的地方 This small café is a favorite haunt of writers.（这家小咖啡馆是作家们最喜欢去的地方。） 1. haunt /hɔːnt/ v. 萦绕；常去2. haunting /ˈhɔːntɪŋ/ adj. 萦绕心头的；难忘的 1. Memories of her childhood haunt her every night.（童年的回忆每晚都萦绕在她心头。）2. It’s a haunting melody that I can’t forget.（这是一段难忘的旋律，我一直记着。） 33 permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adj. 长久的；永久的 We need a permanent solution to this problem, not a temporary one.（我们需要一个永久的解决方案，而不是临时的。） 1. permanently /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ adv. 永久地，长久地2. permanence /ˈpɜːmənəns/ n. 永久，持久 1. He moved to Canada permanently last year.（他去年永久移居加拿大了。）2. The permanence of their friendship is based on trust.（他们友谊的持久建立在信任之上。） 34 descend /dɪˈsend/ v. 降临；来临；下降 The sun descended below the horizon as evening came.（夜幕降临时，太阳落到了地平线以下。） 1. descent /dɪˈsent/ n. 下降；血统2. descending /dɪˈsendɪŋ/ adj. 下降的；递减的 1. The descent from the mountain was dangerous because of the snow.（因为有雪，下山的路很危险。）2. The list is arranged in descending order of age.（这份名单按年龄递减顺序排列。） 35 mighty /ˈmaɪti/ adj. 强有力的；雄伟的 The mighty river flows through the center of the city.（这条雄伟的河流穿过市中心。） 1. mightily /ˈmaɪtɪli/ adv. 非常；强有力地2. might /maɪt/ n. 力量，威力 1. She tried mightily to finish the work before the deadline.（她尽全力想在截止日期前完成工作。）2. With great might, he lifted the heavy box.（他用尽全力举起了那个重箱子。） 36 orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n.（大型的）管弦乐队 The city orchestra will give a concert this weekend.（市管弦乐队本周末将举办音乐会。） 1. orchestral /ɔːˈkestrəl/ adj. 管弦乐的2. orchestration /ˌɔːkɪˈstreɪʃn/ n. 管弦乐编曲 1. This is a famous orchestral piece composed by Beethoven.（这是贝多芬创作的著名管弦乐作品。）2. The orchestration of this song makes it sound more beautiful.（这首歌的管弦乐编曲让它听起来更动听。） 37 tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ adj. 触觉的；有触感的 The fabric has a soft tactile feel that is very comfortable.（这种面料触感柔软，很舒服。） 1. tactility /tækˈtɪləti/ n. 触觉；触感2. tactilely /ˈtæktaɪli/ adv. 触觉上地 1. The toy is designed to improve children’s tactility.（这个玩具旨在锻炼孩子的触觉。）2. The material is tactilely pleasant and suitable for making clothes.（这种材料触感舒适，适合做衣服。） 38 perfume /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ n. 香味；香水 The perfume of roses filled the whole garden.（玫瑰的香气弥漫了整个花园。） 1. perfume /pəˈfjuːm/ v. 使充满香气；喷香水2. perfumed /ˈpɜːfjuːmd/ adj. 芳香的，有香味的 1. She perfumed her hair with a light fragrance.（她给头发喷了淡淡的香水。）2. The room was filled with perfumed candles.（房间里摆满了芳香的蜡烛。） 39 relish /ˈrelɪʃ/ n. 享受，乐趣；调味品 He ate the steak with great relish.（他津津有味地吃着牛排。） 1. relish /ˈrelɪʃ/ v. 享受；喜爱2. relished /ˈrelɪʃt/ adj. 受欢迎的；被喜爱的 1. She relishes the chance to travel around the world.（她很珍惜环游世界的机会。）2. His relished stories always attract a lot of listeners.（他的热门故事总能吸引很多听众。） 40 delightful /dɪˈlaɪtfl/ adj. 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 The children had a delightful time at the amusement park.（孩子们在游乐场玩得很开心。） 1. delight /dɪˈlaɪt/ v. 使高兴，使愉快2. delightfully /dɪˈlaɪtfəli/ adv. 令人愉快地 1. The news of her success delighted all her friends.（她成功的消息让所有朋友都很开心。）2. The weather today is delightfully warm, perfect for a walk.（今天天气暖和宜人，很适合散步。） 41 embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 She felt embarrassed when she tripped in front of the class.（她在全班同学面前绊倒，感到很尴尬。） 1. embarrass /ɪmˈbærəs/ v. 使尴尬，使难堪2. embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 尴尬，难堪 1. His silly question embarrassed her in front of everyone.（他愚蠢的问题让她在众人面前难堪。）2. She turned red with embarrassment when she made the mistake.（犯错后，她尴尬得满脸通红。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $