专题10 概要写作（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语上学期

专题10 概要写作 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 1．(24-25高二上·上海位育中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 2．(24-25高二上·上海奉贤区景秀中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take actions in a hurry, they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “Haste makes waste. ” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances in enjoying our life. Finally, slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us. As is known to all, taking actions in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. Being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter. In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. However, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 3．(24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Combating Cyberbullying: A Guide for Adults to Protect and Support Children If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, address the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. If you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied, I advise you to ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is addressed promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional distress and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海延安中学·期中)4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. e-learning: Hazy past—better future? How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid. Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 5．(24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below. “Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中)6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Are you a textaholic? Do you spend over an hour each day texting your friends? Do you frequently neglect work, study and leisure activities to check your phone for text message? Are you moody and emotional if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs from texting too much? If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above questions, then the chances are that you are a textaholic.A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving text messages.The main symptoms are strong will to text which takes precedence over (优先于) everything else, and withdrawal symptoms (戒断症状)if messages fail to come in, leading to anger, depression and a lack of self-respect.Other problems include sleeplessness, eye strain, and repetitive strain injury due to constant messaging, not to mention expensive phone bills.The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young. So what can you do if you think you may be textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance.Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out.Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re — learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 7．(24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 8．(23-24高二上·上海七宝中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海第二中学·期中) 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Take care of your spine (脊柱) The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it. Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on you side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically. Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine. Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside. Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 10．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Marketing Success of the Staley Cup Quencher In the world of drinkware, the Stanley Cup Quencher has emerged as a true success story, captivating consumers and dominating the market. This insulated tumbler has become a household name, with its popularity soaring across various demographics. The Stanley Cup Quencher’s success is not just a matter of luck; it is a testament to the power of effective product positioning. The company identified its target market as millennials and Gen Z consumers who value durability, style, and functionality in their drinkware. These consumers lead active lifestyles and are always on the go. Stanley recognized that this demographic was underserved in the drinkware market and saw an opportunity to fill that gap. To appeal to this target market, Stanley developed a unique selling proposition (USP) for the Cup Quencher. The USP focused on the product’s ability to keep drinks hot or cold for hours, its durable construction and its fashionable, modern design. By emphasizing these key features, Stakley positioned the Cup Quencher as the perfect companion for busy, active lifestyles. Stanley also differentiated the Cup Quencher from its competitors by focusing on the product’s versatility. While many insulated tumblers are marketed solely for keeping drinks hot or cold, Stanley positioned the Cup Quencher as a multi-purpose tool that could be used for everything from morning coffee to evening cocktails. This versatility appealed to consumers who value products that can serve multiple functions and adapt to their changing needs throughout the day. Finally, tapping into emotional appeal and lifestyle branding can be a powerful way to connect with your target audience. By associating your product with a particular set of values, aspirations, or experiences, you can create an emotional bond with consumers that goes beyond the product’s tangible benefits. Stanley’s marketing campaigns for the Cup Quencher portrayed it as a lifestyle accessory for adventurous, independent, and stylish consumers, which resonated with their target audience on an emotional level. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 主题02人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海大同中学·期中) 11．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or memory loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat. Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. The complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes (激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip-hop music might be fun to listen to, it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins (内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes, day cares, and schools. Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 12．(24-25高二上·上海同济大学第二附属中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Big Brothers and Big Sisters is aimed at helping young people through friendship with an adult. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people aged 7-17 with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volunteer tutors come form all walks of life - married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk with and go to when needed. Big Brothers and Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. A Big sister and Little sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and hep the young person develop positive self-respect, confidence and life direction. Emily and Sarah have been matched since 2008. Emily is a 10-year-old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. “I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.” Emily’s mom came across Big Brothers and Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback about herself other than just relying on schoolmates ta measure her self-worth.” Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. “I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it is all work and no play.” Big Brothers and Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 概要写作 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 1．(24-25高二上·上海位育中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Brain Hunger Do you ever feel like no matter how much you eat, you are still not full? You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. What are the underlying causes of brain hunger? Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. Some people have this gene variation that does not allow for a normal dopamine release in response to things that typically would bring joy and pleasure, including food. This means that those individuals won’t get the same “high” feeling they would normally experience when eating. Obesity is also linked to brain hunger. Brain scans of obese individuals show changes in dopamine signaling pathways which can lead to less recognition of the feeling of being full even after a meal. While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. Studies show that certain areas of the brain responsible for sensing fullness do not change even with weight loss, which could lead to continued hunger and weight regain. So, what came first: genetics or obesity that cause this brain signaling change? It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. Brain hunger can be an uncomfortable and frustrating condition, but it is possible to manage through a combination of treatments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain. It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. It emphasizes the importance of  mindful eating and hunger cues to sense satiety with a comprehensive combination of treatments for management. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述“脑饥饿”现象，即因大脑多巴胺信号受损导致身体难以感知饱腹感。其成因可能涉及遗传（多巴胺受体D4基因变异）与肥胖，但二者何为首要因素尚不清楚。减肥对改善脑饥饿效果有限，需综合治疗并注重饮食意识。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①You may be suffering from a condition known as “brain hunger.” This occurs when the dopamine signaling in your brain is damaged, making it difficult for your body to recognize when it has had enough food. ②Genetics can play a role. Research has shown that the dopamine receptor D4 gene may be responsible for regulating cognitive functions related to eating behavior and body weight. ③While it is still unclear whether obesity or genetics is the primary contributor to brain hunger, one thing is certain: losing weight alone is not enough for those affected. ④It is possible that if someone has a genetic tendency to be affected by this abnormal dopamine signaling, an environmental trigger can start a series of brain hunger which brings about overeating. It is also important to practice mindful eating and pay attention to hunger cues to begin perceiving the feeling of being full. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The main focus of this article is the phenomenon of “brain hunger”, which occurs when the dopamine signaling in the brain is damaged, making it difficult for the body to perceive a sense of fullness. Its causes may involve genetics (mutations in the dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity, but it is unclear which of the two is the primary factor. Weight loss has limited effectiveness in improving brain hunger, and comprehensive treatment along with a focus on dietary awareness is required. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage summarizes the concept of “brain hunger”, caused by damaged dopamine signaling in the brain.运用过去分词作状语的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：It explores genetic (dopamine receptor D4 gene) and obesity-related factors, noting that weight loss alone is insufficient. 运用现在分词作状语以及that引导宾语从句的结构，表达高级。 [高分句型3]：It emphasizes the importance of mindful eating and a combination of treatments for management.运用了名词的并列结构以及介词短语作状语的结构，表达高级。 Passage 2 2．(24-25高二上·上海奉贤区景秀中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrongs in a rush. When people do their jobs or take actions in a hurry, they cannot make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “Haste makes waste. ” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances in enjoying our life. Finally, slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us. As is known to all, taking actions in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. Being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter. In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. However, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry because doing things hurriedly will lead to the possible of making mistakes. Moreover, slowing down the pace of life will give people more chances to enjoy life and better health conditions, which are much more important than material things working quickly brings. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出了观点，即人们应该放慢生活节奏，而不是急于完成事情。接着，作者通过列举三个主要理由来支持这一观点：一是匆忙工作可能导致错误决策和后悔；二是放慢生活节奏有助于人们更好地享受生活；三是较慢的生活节奏为人们提供了更好的健康条件。最后，作者总结指出，虽然快速工作能带来更多的物质利益，但压力无法带来快乐、朋友和健康，这些比金钱和其他物质优势更重要。因此，人们应该放慢脚步，以较慢的节奏生活。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①However, it is better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. ②We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. ③Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. ④Finally, slower life pace provides better healthy conditions for us. ⑤In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. ⑥However, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组整合，将第3、4、5、6两个要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry because doing things hurriedly will lead to the possible of making mistakes. Moreover, slowing down the pace of life will give people more chances to enjoy life and better health conditions, which are much more important than material things working quickly brings. 【点睛】[高分句型1]To live life at a slower pace is better than to live life in a hurry because doing things hurriedly will lead to the possible of making mistakes.(运用了动词不定式作主语及because引导的原因状语从句) [高分句型2]Moreover, slowing down the pace of life will give people more chances to enjoy life and better health conditions, which are much more important than material things working quickly brings.(运用了动名词作主语及which引导的非限制性定语从句) Passage 3 3．(24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Combating Cyberbullying: A Guide for Adults to Protect and Support Children If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. Adults should take action to handle cyberbullying: support the bullied child, address the bullying behavior of a participant, and show children that cyberbullying is taken seriously. Since cyberbullying happens online, responding to it requires different approaches. If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. Try primarily to determine if these changes happen around a child’s use of digital devices. For example, if a child who was previously enthusiastic about using social media or playing online games suddenly becomes withdrawn or reluctant to engage with these activities, it could be a sign that they are experiencing cyberbullying. If you’ve confirmed that your child has been bullied, I advise you to ask questions to learn what is happening, how it started, and who is involved. Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. Most laws and policies note that bullying is a repeated behavior, so records help to document it. Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. If a classmate is cyberbullying, report it to the school. You can also use social media platforms to report offensive content and have it removed. If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. Instant report can be crucial in preventing further harm and ensuring that the situation is addressed promptly and effectively. By acting quickly, you can help protect the victim from additional distress and potentially stop the bullying from escalating. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage provides strategies for adults to tackle cyberbullying affecting children. It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes. In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively. 【导语】本文是说明文。文章旨在向成年人提供关于如何识别和应对儿童网络欺凌的指导，包括识别网络欺凌的迹象、如何与孩子沟通了解情况、记录证据、以及通过不同渠道（如学校、社交媒体平台、警方）进行报告和处理的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①If you notice warning signs that a child may be involved in cyberbullying, take steps to investigate that child’s digital behavior. ②If you think that a child is involved in cyberbullying, there are several things you can do. ③The first thing parents can do is to recognize if there have been dramatic changes in mood or behavior. ④Remember to keep a record of what your kid says, and take screenshots of harmful posts or content if possible. ⑤Most social media platforms and schools have clear policies and reporting processes. ⑥If a child has received physical threats, or if a potential crime or illegal behavior is occurring, report it to the police. 2. 缜密构思 提出1、2句的主旨，将3、4、5、6句进行重组整合 3. 遣词造句 The passage provides strategies for adults to tackle cyberbullying affecting children. It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes. In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively. 【点睛】[高分句型1]It advises monitoring changes in a child’s behavior, documenting incidents, and utilizing school and social media reporting processes.(动名词作宾语) [高分句型2]In cases of physical threats, prompt reporting to police is essential to prevent further harm and resolve the situation effectively.(动名词作主语) 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海延安中学·期中)4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. e-learning: Hazy past—better future? How much of an effect does technology have on students’ learning? A significant one, it seems, according to experts. Currently available technologies, the most important of which are computers and the Internet, apparently provide a learning environment in which problem-solving and intellectual enquiry can flourish. The process of learning in the classroom may become significantly more effective as students can deal with information on the computer. Or so the theory goes. My own viewpoint is rather different, I’m afraid. Computers have been around for two decades as part of school equipment. There are, of course, obstacles like costs to overcome, but it’s just a matter of time and effort. This is because schools have done what every organisation does when it sees an innovation—it applies the innovation to its existing model, which adds cost but doesn’t transform the standard classroom. We have, during that period, spent over $60 billion on them, but in my view they seem to have had little or no effect on learning in schools. Content is king and the mode of delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it does not matter what, if any, equipment is used. However, change is on the horizon. I think student-centred learning will become the norm and transform education. Computers will pave the way for far more independent learning. Students who currently don’t have access to schools or teachers are now able to get online. They can study from home thanks to the fact that more learning programmes are being written for learners who are forced by their circumstances to be self-sufficient. This would prove especially beneficial in those areas of the world where quality education is limited or extremely expensive. Therefore, in a few years’ time we could have a completely different conversation about technology and its impact on learning. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although experts say modern technology has a significant effect on classroom learning, the writer holds a different view. Schools have invested much to apply computers in their classroom teaching, but it hasn’t changed the classroom teaching because what teachers teach is more important. But computers make it possible for those with no access to school to study on their own. 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了尽管专家说现代技术对课堂学习有显著的影响，作者却持有不同的观点。学校投入了大量资金将计算机应用到课堂教学中，但这并没有改变课堂教学，因为老师教什么更重要。但是计算机使那些不能上学的人能够自学。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 Passage 2 5．(24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below. “Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but ironically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally. Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as teens. Chores also teach children how to be empathetic and responsive to others’ needs, notes psychologist Richard Weissbourd. In research, his team surveyed 10,000 high-school students and asked them to rank what they treasured more: achievement, happiness or caring for others. Almost 80% chose either achievement or happiness over caring for others. As he points out, however, research suggests that personal happiness comes most reliably not from high achievement but from strong relationships. “We’re out of balance,” says Dr. Weissbourd. A good way to start re-adjusting priorities, he suggests, is by learning to be kind and helpful at home. The next time that your child asks to skip chores to do homework, resist the urge to let him or her off the hook. Being slack(懈怠的) about chores when they compete with school sends your child the message that grades and achievement are more important than caring about others. What may seem like small messages in the moment add up to big ones over time. 【答案】Parents today overlook the significance of kids sharing housework, but studies show chores help children develop better in studies, mental health and even future careers. Besides, it enables kids to become responsible and self- reliant. Still, by doing their share of chores, kids grow to be loving, caring and helpful. So it’s important for parents to let children take up housework. 【分析】这是一篇概要写作。 【详解】概要写作 写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了如今的父母忽视了让孩子分担家务的重要性，但研究表明，家务可以帮助孩子在学习、心理健康甚至未来的职业生涯中发展得更好。此外，它使孩子成为负责任和自力更生。尽管如此，通过分担家务，孩子们成长为有爱心、有爱心和乐于助人的人。所以父母让孩子承担家务是很重要的。 2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。 （3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。 （4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。 （5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海卢湾高级中学·期中)6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. Are you a textaholic? Do you spend over an hour each day texting your friends? Do you frequently neglect work, study and leisure activities to check your phone for text message? Are you moody and emotional if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs from texting too much? If you answered 'Yes' to any of the above questions, then the chances are that you are a textaholic.A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving text messages.The main symptoms are strong will to text which takes precedence over (优先于) everything else, and withdrawal symptoms (戒断症状)if messages fail to come in, leading to anger, depression and a lack of self-respect.Other problems include sleeplessness, eye strain, and repetitive strain injury due to constant messaging, not to mention expensive phone bills.The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young. So what can you do if you think you may be textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance.Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out.Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re — learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages.Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Textaholics are those who can't live without text messages, without which health problems may arise physically and mentally. （要点1）The problem is caused by mental trouble a person has in life.（要点2）To solve it, one should try to live a balanced life, getting isolated from the mobile phone and having more personal communication with family and friends.（要点3） 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作。 【详解】读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要尽量用自己的语言。这是一篇议论文，通读全文可以从以下三方面进行概括： 要点一：短信狂是指那些生活中离不开短信的人，没有短信就可能出现身体和精神上的健康问题。可用到的词汇有：arise, physically and mentally, health problem等 要点二：这个问题是由生活中的精神问题引起的。可用到的词汇有：cause, metal trouble等。 要点三：为了解决这个问题，一个人应该尝试过一种平衡的生活，远离手机，与家人和朋友有更多的私人交流。可用到的词汇有：solve， try to do sth., a balanced life, isolated, personal communication等。 本篇以一般现在时为主。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 7．(24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible. How to Be a Successful Team Leader? Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well. What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team. To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills. ②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. ③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. ④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. ⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. ⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. 2.缜密构思 将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组 3.遣词造句 The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括） [高分句型2] Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括） Passage 2 8．(23-24高二上·上海七宝中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Socks Help You Sleep Better If you’re one of those people who has trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. To understand why you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body hums along at an average temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). But at night, your core body temperature dips as much as 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) over the course of six or seven hours of sleep. This gradual decrease in core body temperature, as it turns out, is a key part of the complicated neurobiological (神经生物学) dance of falling asleep and staying asleep. And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. Scientists suppose that socked feet have a neurological effect as well. Inside the brain’s “thermostat (恒湿器)” is a type of neuron called a warm-sensitive neuron (WSN) that increases its firing rate when there’s a temperature difference between the body’s core temperature and extremities like the feet. Research has shown that WSN firing rates go way up on the beginning or slow wave or deep sleep and gradually decrease prior to waking up. So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special sleeping socks not only sped up the beginning of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an average of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking periods in half. If you are worried about becoming too warm while wearing socks in bed, look for ones made of natural breathable fibers. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Putting on a pair of socks at bedtime helps you sleep better. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，睡前穿双袜子能让你睡得更好。穿袜子可以促进血管舒张，更快地降低身体的核心温度，这样你就会更快地入睡。在睡觉前给脚预热给热敏神经器官元额外的能量产生困倦的感觉，帮助我们入睡并保持睡眠状态。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①You might fall asleep 15 minutes earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime. ②And the faster you can lower the core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep. Researchers have show that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm feet bath or by wearing socks promotes vasodilation (血管扩张), which in turn lowers the body’s core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare feet. ③So WSNs may play a role in generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. And if that is the case, warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 It helps you sleep better to put on a pair of socks at bedtime. Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, which lowers the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. It is warming up the feet before bed time that gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Warming up the feet before bed time gives WSNs an extra power generating the sensation of sleepiness that helps us fall asleep and stay asleep. (运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作后置定语) [高分句型2] Wearing socks promotes vasodilation, lowering the body’s core temperature faster, so that you will fall asleep faster. (运用了动名词作主语、现在分词作后置定语和so that引导的结果状语从句) Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海第二中学·期中) 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Take care of your spine (脊柱) The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it. Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on you side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically. Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can strain the muscles around your spine. Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside. Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】How can you look after your spine to enjoy good health? First, avoid poor posture and long-term motionlessness whether you’re standing, sitting or lying. Second, do some stretching and strengthening exercise. Finally, keep a diet rich in vitamins supplemented with some extra ones if necessary and outdoor back exercise. 【分析】本文为议论文。文章论述了脊柱是你健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑，我们应该如何保持脊椎的健康。 【详解】本文考查概要写作。首先要写文章要点。本篇文章第一段引出话题：你的脊柱对你的健康至关重要，那么照顾好它是很重要的；第二段指出保持良好姿势是保持你的脊椎健康的最重要的一件事，包括你的站姿、坐姿和卧姿；第三段指出适当正确的运动也是脊椎健康的重要因素；第四段指出饮食会影响你脊椎的健康，因为许多维生素是骨骼和神经所必需的；最后一段再次强调保护我们的背部的意义。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。 Passage 4 10．(24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Marketing Success of the Staley Cup Quencher In the world of drinkware, the Stanley Cup Quencher has emerged as a true success story, captivating consumers and dominating the market. This insulated tumbler has become a household name, with its popularity soaring across various demographics. The Stanley Cup Quencher’s success is not just a matter of luck; it is a testament to the power of effective product positioning. The company identified its target market as millennials and Gen Z consumers who value durability, style, and functionality in their drinkware. These consumers lead active lifestyles and are always on the go. Stanley recognized that this demographic was underserved in the drinkware market and saw an opportunity to fill that gap. To appeal to this target market, Stanley developed a unique selling proposition (USP) for the Cup Quencher. The USP focused on the product’s ability to keep drinks hot or cold for hours, its durable construction and its fashionable, modern design. By emphasizing these key features, Stakley positioned the Cup Quencher as the perfect companion for busy, active lifestyles. Stanley also differentiated the Cup Quencher from its competitors by focusing on the product’s versatility. While many insulated tumblers are marketed solely for keeping drinks hot or cold, Stanley positioned the Cup Quencher as a multi-purpose tool that could be used for everything from morning coffee to evening cocktails. This versatility appealed to consumers who value products that can serve multiple functions and adapt to their changing needs throughout the day. Finally, tapping into emotional appeal and lifestyle branding can be a powerful way to connect with your target audience. By associating your product with a particular set of values, aspirations, or experiences, you can create an emotional bond with consumers that goes beyond the product’s tangible benefits. Stanley’s marketing campaigns for the Cup Quencher portrayed it as a lifestyle accessory for adventurous, independent, and stylish consumers, which resonated with their target audience on an emotional level. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： The Stanley Cup (Quencher), a drinkware, has thrived/gone viral through product positioning. The company discovers the group of millennials and Gen Z and targets their selling strategy at them. The cup appeals to them with excellent temperature preservation, durable design, and versatility. Also, through establishing an emotional connection, the cup is marketed as a must-have for active, stylish individuals. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Stanley的一款保温杯通过精准的产品定位走红，并分析了其营销思路以及具体的营销策略。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①In the world of drinkware, the Stanley Cup Quencher has emerged as a true success story, captivating consumers and dominating the market. ②The Stanley Cup Quencher’s success is not just a matter of luck; it is a testament to the power of effective product positioning. ③The company identified its target market as millennials and Gen Z consumers who value durability, style, and functionality in their drinkware. ④To appeal to this target market, Stanley developed a unique selling proposition (USP) for the Cup Quencher. ⑤The USP focused on the product’s ability to keep drinks hot or cold for hours, its durable construction and its fashionable, modern design. ⑥Stanley also differentiated the Cup Quencher from its competitors by focusing on the product’s versatility. ⑦Finally, tapping into emotional appeal and lifestyle branding can be a powerful way to connect with your target audience. ⑧Stanley’s marketing campaigns for the Cup Quencher portrayed it as a lifestyle accessory for adventurous, independent, and stylish consumers, which resonated with their target audience on an emotional level. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，说明主题现象；将第3、4两个要点进行重组，总体概括其营销思路；将第5、6两个要点进行整合，具体说明第一个营销策略；将第7、8两个要点进行重组，具体说明第二个营销策略。 3. 遣词造句 The Stanley Cup (Quencher), a drinkware, has been in vogue through product positioning. The company discovers the group of millennials and Gen Z and targets their selling tactic at them. The cup appeals to them with remarkable temperature preservation, durable design, and versatility. Also, through establishing an emotional connection, the cup is marketed as a must-have for energetic, stylish individuals. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The Stanley Cup (Quencher), a drinkware, has thrived/gone viral through product positioning. (名词a drinkware作同位语，简洁地点明Stanley Cup的产品属性) [高分句型2] Also, through establishing an emotional connection, the cup is marketed as a must-have for active, stylish individuals. (动名词短语establishing an emotional connection作宾语，简洁地指出营销手段) 主题02人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·上海大同中学·期中) 11．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or memory loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat. Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. The complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes (激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip-hop music might be fun to listen to, it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins (内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes, day cares, and schools. Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness because our brain can be stimulated by music, especially complex music. That’s why classical music is most commonly used. The principle of music therapy is to increase the release of endorphins to help treatment. Although music therapy is not used widely, it is increasingly regarded as an effective complement to treatment. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，音乐疗法是一种有效的治疗疾病的方法，因为我们的大脑可以被音乐刺激，尤其是复杂的音乐。这就是为什么最常用的是古典音乐。音乐疗法的原理是增加内啡肽的释放来帮助治疗。虽然音乐疗法的应用并不广泛，但它越来越被认为是一种有效的治疗补充。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. ② Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. ③ The complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes (激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns.   ④Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins (内啡肽). ⑤Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Music therapy is an effective method of treating diseases, because our brain is music stimulation, especially complex music. That’s why the most commonly used is classical music. Music therapy works by increasing the release of endorphins to aid in healing. Although music therapy is not widely used, it is increasingly recognized as an effective therapeutic supplement. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Music therapy is a useful way to treat illness because our brain can be stimulated by music, especially complex music.(这句话运用了不定式作定语和because引导原因状语从句) [高分句型2] That’s why classical music is most commonly used. (这句话运用了why表语从句) Passage 2 12．(24-25高二上·上海同济大学第二附属中学·期中)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Big Brothers and Big Sisters is aimed at helping young people through friendship with an adult. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people aged 7-17 with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volunteer tutors come form all walks of life - married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk with and go to when needed. Big Brothers and Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well-known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. A Big sister and Little sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and hep the young person develop positive self-respect, confidence and life direction. Emily and Sarah have been matched since 2008. Emily is a 10-year-old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. “I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.” Emily’s mom came across Big Brothers and Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by “providing different feedback about herself other than just relying on schoolmates ta measure her self-worth.” Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. “I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it is all work and no play.” Big Brothers and Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A popular organization called Big Brothers and Big Sisters matches vulnerable young people with adult volunteers, or rather, tutors. (基本点1) Tutors and matched youngsters, like Sarah and Emily, attend fun activities together regularly, which helps improve their friendship and brings benefits to both sides. (基本点2) The partnership helps vulnerable young people like Emily become more optimistic, confident, purposeful. (基本点3) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Big Brothers and Big Sisters项目如何通过成人志愿者帮助弱势青少年，最终经过努力取得了一定成效。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Big Brothers and Big Sisters is aimed at helping young people through friendship with an adult, who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. ②These activities improve the friendship and hep the young person develop positive self-respect, confidence and life direction.. ③Emily and Sarah have been matched since 2008，which has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. ④They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is! 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，Big Brothers and Big Sisters项目通过游戏的方式把成年人与年轻人组合在一起；将第3个要点单独呈现，表达Big Brothers and Big Sisters项目给Emily and Sarah带来的具体的好处；将第4个要点作为补充，Big Brothers and Big Sisters项目好处延伸到更多的青年人中且更加全面。 3.遣词造句 A popular organization called Big Brothers and Big Sisters matches vulnerable young people with adult volunteers, or rather, tutors. Tutors and matched youngsters, like Sarah and Emily, attend fun activities together regularly, which helps improve their friendship and brings benefits to both sides. The partnership helps vulnerable young people like Emily become more optimistic, confident, purposeful. 【点睛】[高分句型1]A popular organization called Big Brothers and Big Sisters matches vulnerable young people with adult volunteers, or rather, tutors.运用了一个非谓语动词结构对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中called是非谓语表达为“被称作”，作organization后置定语,表达高级。 [高分句型2]Tutors and matched youngsters, like Sarah and Emily, attend fun activities together regularly, which helps improve their friendship and brings benefits to both sides. 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第四段和第五段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句，表达高级。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $