专题04 六选四（期中真题汇编，上海专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 六选四 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海敬业中学·期中) Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated. 1 Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them to read more. 2 So a child can finish reading an article without losing interest due to a short attention span (持续时间) . The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children’s publication. By allowing children to read magazines at an early age, parents are encouraging development of a useful skill. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Getting into the habit of reading magazines as a child will develop the lifelong habit of reading news articles. 3 Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. When reading magazines together, family members get to learn about each other’s interest. 4 Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing projects for the whole family to work on. All in all, magazines are valuable for many people, but in particular to children. The skills that they use and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to further study. Encouraging children to read magazines could change them from a reluctant reader to a lover of reading. A．Reading magazines enables children to be exposed to various subjects. B．Instead, it is necessary to introduce their kids to a wide range of books as well as magazines. C．The benefits of reading magazine articles can be achieved through school activities. D．Children can pass a magazine on to a brother or sister when they finish reading it. E．However, reading magazines offers many benefits to young readers. F．The articles in magazines are generally short. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海奉贤中学·期中) Until we start to lose our balance, we barely notice that it’s there at all. “It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lowe, an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. “ 1 It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect.” The key, it is increasingly becoming clear, is to address the decline before it gets serious: and that can happen earlier than you might think. What is balance? Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. 2 A lack of balance is, globally, associated with serious health problems. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which concluded that an inability to balance was associated with an almost twofold increase in risk of death. “ 3 ” agrees Lowe, an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. Single-legged movements, such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral movements, like squats (深蹲), can provide a challenge.” 4 Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement, and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone. A．Early interventions are key, so you’ve got to stay active. B．Perhaps surprisingly, those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition. C．It’s not something we’re born with, but also it’s not something we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lose over time. D．For some people. just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening. E．Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on, and you’ve stopped doing that at some point. F．Whatever activity you choose, the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to, not when it becomes an issue. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海市西中学·期中) Getting into Employment in High School Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. 1 Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. Do some homework on jobs and careers. There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? 2 How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online. 3 Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major. Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges. Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. 4 Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are. A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses. B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers. E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers. F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海上海中学·期中) The Role of Adventure in Personal Growth In a world that often confines us within the boundaries of routine and familiarity, inviting in adventure can boost growth and well-being. The very essence of adventure—stepping beyond comfort zones, facing new challenges, and embracing uncertainty—is a gateway accessible to most to personal transformation. It propels us into experiences that are not only thrilling but also deeply enriching. 1 Instead, it provides a unique landscape for cultivating resilience, enhancing self-awareness, and rediscovering the joy of learning through experience. Whether navigating the rapids of a river, exploring a new culture, or undertaking a creative endeavor, each adventure carries the potential to reshape our perspectives, improve our mental strength and add a vibrant layer to the carpet of our lives. The true value of adventure lies not just in the excitement of the moment but in the lasting impact it has on our journey towards a resilient self. The COVID-19 pandemic, a period of great global challenge, provided a testing ground for highlighting the intrinsic value of adventure-based activities. When the world faced lockdowns, individuals who regularly engaged in adventure activities demonstrated a unique resilience compared to those who lacked adventure. Those engaged in adventure applied the mental frameworks developed through their experiences (e.g., adaptability, problem-solving under pressure, and emotional regulation) to deal with the uncertainties of the pandemic. 2 Moreover, venturing into unexplored territories is not merely an escape from the ordinary; science suggests it’s a vital exercise for our brains. Engaging in adventures stimulates our ability to be adaptative and to solve problems. Yes, we make amazing memories and have wonderful stories to tell, but research suggests we are also fostering neuroplasticity (神经可塑性). 3 Every new adventure, therefore, contributes to making our minds more agile. 4 When we nurture our awareness that we alone can overcome challenges, this earned internal strength isn’t limited to simply overcoming physical barriers. This skill extends to embracing almost any new role or experience that challenges us mentally and emotionally. Whether solving a complex problem, embarking on a new career path, or engaging in a new social setting, the confidence gained from adventures spills over into various aspects of our lives, too. Simply put, adventure is instrumental in shaping a more robust and confident self. A．By taking adventures, we uncover hidden strengths and develop valuable skills. B．Additionally, the role of adventure in building self-confidence is well-studied. C．Adventure, in its many forms, offers more than mere escapism. D．Adventure can challenge us, push our boundaries, and foster a sense of achievement. E．By creating new neural junctions and strengthening existing ones, we enhance our brain’s health and capacity. F．Accordingly, it’s clear that adventure’s benefits extend well beyond leisure of the moment. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中分校·期中) The youngest Nobel Prize Laureate, Malala Yousafzai, is back in Pakistan after five long years. She is a female activist and focuses on female education. She herself was a victim of a Taliban terrorist attack. On October 9, 2012, in her native town of Swat, while on her way home after taking an exam, she was attacked and injured by the Taliban for her role in promoting education for young females. 1 In 2014, she was the winner of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Kailash Satyarthi, from India. Malala has been a human rights activist since her childhood and was the author of a blog at age 11. Even threats from the Taliban could not change her mind-set and she kept working to promote female education. She established the Malala Fund and received generous donations from all over the world. 2 She has established a very good school in Swat, Pakistan to provide good and affordable education. In addition, she also has worked to promote education among children, especially girls in war-torn Syria. She’s also spoken in defense of the Rohingya people in Myanmar. Her heroes include Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the father of Pakistan, and Benazir Bhutto, former prime minster of Pakistan. Malala is highly educated and was partly brought up in the West. She has a very broad vision and believes in western values. She has a keen interest in Pakistan’s politics. 3 She is ambitious and brave. 4 Some people welcomed her and regarded her as a hope for Pakistan, as she was well educated at famous educational institutions and very well trained in the West. Her contributions for the welfare of females, especially in their education, is very much admired. Others believe that she might be a western envoy (特使) to fulfill a western plan in Pakistan. They think as she was blessed and the beneficiary of the western world, she might play into their hands. Moreover, she was out of Pakistan for the last five years, and may not be well aware of domestic current politics. A．In 2012 and 2013, she was the recipient of Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize. B．On her return to Pakistan, a mixed reaction was observed. C．Pakistan is an open country where freedom of expression is ensured by the constitution. D．She also has expressed a desire to become prime minister of Pakistan. E．She studied philosophy, politics and economics. F．The fund is dedicated only for education, especially for females. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海同济大学二附中·期中) In game development, the drive for realism and immersion (沉浸体验) never stops. One key tool for achieving lifelike animation is motion capture, or mocap. This technology has revolutionized the gaming industry by transforming the way characters move and interact in a virtual world. Motion capture has come a long way since its early days. 1 Since the 1990s, game studios have adopted this tool to bring characters to life. The process involves recording the movements of real people in 3D space. The capture environment is carefully set up to ensure precise tracking. Actors wear suits equipped with markers or sensors and perform various actions, from complex combat scenes to subtle facial expressions. 2 Animators further adjust the movements to make sure they fit well with the game’s overall visual style. Mocap’s precise recording of human movement adds to the realism of in-game animation. It gives players a more immersive experience, making them feel as if they were part of the virtual world. 3 Traditional animation requires animators to design each frame (帧) carefully, which can take a lot of time. Mocap, by contrast, captures movements in real time, which reduces editing time and the need for additional retakes (镜头重拍). The simplified workflow allows game studios to meet tight deadlines while still delivering high-quality products. 4 With this tool, animators can try out different performances and capture a wide range of emotions and actions. It would take much longer to do this by hand. The more mocap is used, the more time animators have to perfect their work and make each movement as expressive as possible. A．Mocap isn’t just about saving time; it encourages creativity as well. B．Despite its many benefits, mocap comes with its own set of challenges. C．Beyond improving immersion, mocap speeds up the animation process. D．Looking ahead, we see that motion capture will continue to shape the gaming industry. E．Initially, it was mainly used in films to capture realistic movements for animated characters. F．The recorded data is then cleaned to remove noise or errors and mapped onto digital characters 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海闸北八中·期中) Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. 1 Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them. 2 They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak. There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. 3 The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. 4 A．Crops in fields can be protected by windbreaks. B．Farmers plant these barriers around their fields. C．One line should be large trees. D．But here is something interesting about windbreaks. E．Then the soil will be washed away. F．They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun. Passage 2 (23-24高二上·上海华二附中·期中) Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? 1 . The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. 2 . Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives —  in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry! 3 . The chances of a large comet hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction. In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. 4 . A．The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. B．Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential. C．The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years. D．It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole. E．Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelands. F．While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海第三女子中学·期中) Your Own Best Friend Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness. But there’s no need for embarrassment. 1 It allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience. Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. 2 In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. 3 Besides, psychological experiments have further shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”. We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 4 You’re, sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk. A．If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. B．According to Lev Vygotsky, adults use public speech to control the behavior of others just the same as the young use private speech to regulate their own actions. C．Far from a sign of foolishness, talking to ourselves is actually a valuable tool for thought. D．This so-called inner speech can improve our performance on various tasks. E．Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. F．Psychologists refer to this as private speech-language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中) What Happens During a School Pep Rally? One of many school-based gatherings a pep rally is designed to generate school spirit and arouse unity within a school community. Pep rallies are often held before big contests, such as homecoming games or playoff games, and provide opportunities for students, faculty, sports teams and other groups to honor and celebrate their team in preparation for the upcoming event. 1 Informing the school community of an upcoming pep rally not only gives participants time to prepare but also builds excitement and expectation before attendance. Announcements might include details about a school spirit week leading up to the rally or encouraging students and teachers to sign up for competitions that will take place during the pep rally. Pep rallies are meant to showcase school pride and engage the crowd in enthusiastic displays of school spirit. 2 Students are led in while listening to familiar pep tunes from the school band or drum line and are seated with their graduating class. From there, the rally follows an agenda of introductions and announcements spirited performances from various school organizations, acknowledgement of key members of the community, humorous energetic programs and engaging competitions between the classes. Near the end of a rally, the students may sing the school’s fight song in the lead of the band and cheerleaders. The atmosphere is loud and enthusiastic during a pep rally and motivates students to actively participate. 3 It’s not uncommon for a speaker, such as a team captain or a particularly engaging coach or faculty member, to excite the audience by announcing team records, narrating a slide show of celebrated moments in the team’s competitive history or leading the entire school in a spirit cheer. Once a pep rally has ended, students generally return to class or leave school feeling uplifted and enthusiastic about their school’s team and the upcoming contest. 4 A．Therefore, students are too involved and excited in the pep rally to stay calm. B．Hopefully, they are inspired to make plans to attend the event and become a contributing member in preparing the team to compete. C．Ideally, a pep rally creates an environment of enthusiasm and will likely lead all in attendance to lively cheering in support of their team. D．In the rally, students can enjoy many performances like music from the band and drum line. E．Headmaster will usually highlight the school history to arouse everyone’s love for it. F．Generally, pep rallies are held in spacious locations, like gymnasiums or multipurpose rooms. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中) The Best Language for Math What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it. Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries. 1 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University. Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” – spoken with the “ten” first. 2 English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法) 3 It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 4 Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract. Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you! A．So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly. B．The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors. C．Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. D．This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems. E．Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently. F．That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10. 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中) Diary writing has been part of literature all over the world since ancient times. And online diaries today are making the genre more popular than ever. The first online writing of this type is thought to be Justin Hall’s Links from the Underground. Justin wrote a detailed and honest account of his life between 1994 and 2005. At its peak, his website was receiving thousands of visitors a day. Three years after Justin’s first post, someone came up with a term for what he, and a few other people, were writing — a weblog. The word comes from the words web and log. 1 The early bloggers needed some technical computing skills to make their pages. But from 1999, websites as blogger.com, which helped anyone to publish their own blog, started to appear. 2 By 2001 there were about a million blogs on the internet — from “what I had for breakfast, lunch and dinner today” blogs, receiving few, if any, visits — to protesting anti-war blogs, read and commented on by hundreds of people every hour. 3 They can report on news events within a few minutes and can include photos and even video. Their readers can participate in the debate on the blogs and can add additional information and links. The news has never been so interactive. About 60 million people now self-publish their diaries, thoughts and observations online — although this is undoubtedly an overestimation because many of them are no longer being updated. 4 When Google bought blogger.com in 2003, it gave its users the ability to put adverts on their websites. Popular blogs are now able to earn thousands of dollars each month through this method, with advertising on blogs now a multi-million-dollar business. A．The non-stop rise of blogs is in part due to money. B．Then the phenomenon of blogging exploded. C．Now blogging is not as popular as it used to be ten years ago. D．In 1999 a fellow diarist jokingly rewrote the word as “we blog” and soon the English language had a new verb: to blog. E．Now it is accepted that blogs have redefined journalism. F．Those who used to work for newspapers and magazines started to turn to blogging. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期中) The biology of sleep: Forty thousand naps near the sea Sleep is a bit of an evolutionary mystery. A sleeping animal cannot look for food, defend its territory or flee from danger. The fact that sleep is nonetheless common among animals suggests its restorative powers are essential. So does the fact that, if laboratory animals are deprived of it for long enough, they die. Some animals, though, have developed unique ways to balance the need for sleep and the need for staying alert. Dolphins and ducks can sleep with only half their brains at a time, leaving the other half alert. 1 Chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), it seems, take their sleep in the form of thousands of tiny micro-naps. The researchers captured 14 penguins on King George Island, and their brain activity was tracked remotely through electrodes. While ducks sleep in long stretches, the researchers discovered that the penguins were napping for just a few seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour. They offer two explanations for the penguins’ sleep patterns. The first is to do with external threats. Penguins often incubate (孵化) their eggs alone while their partners are away foraging for food. Colonies are threatened by brown skuas (棕贼鸥). 2 Broken sleep may be an evolutionarily smart way of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding watches while still remaining able to react to danger. 3 Birds with nests near the edge of the colony ought to be at greater risk than those in the centre. But birds on the edges of the colony seemed to enjoy longer and deeper naps than those near the middle. That leads to the second suggestion, which is to do with the penguins themselves. Penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places, and threats may come from within as well as without. 4 Birds in the bustling, crime-ridden centre of the colony may simply find it harder to get any shut-eye than those living in the safer, quieter suburbs. Choosing between those theories will require more research. Both, of course, could prove to be true. A．But that is complicated by another of the researchers’ findings. B．They are predatory birds that will gladly seize unattended eggs. C．Now a paper by Libourel and Lee reports another clever adaptation. D．The birds may readily steal nesting materials from unguarded neighbours, for instance. E．But the fact that the birds are able to incubate eggs under such conditions proves the naps useful. F．Like ducks, chinstrap penguins can sleep with either their whole brain or with just one hemisphere at a time. Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期中) Is Tom Really the Natural Enemy of Jerry? I’ve seen such scenes for many times — some cats are not interested in catching mice, and even seem genuinely afraid of mice. How can a natural hunter be like this? Are mice really more aggressive now? 1 Some cats hunt and kill, others play with prey before killing it, and some, like mine, scamper up the stairs wailing at their own shadow. All cats, like people, have personalities and preferences. Moreover, it has much to do with the environment whether a cat is a qualified mice hunter. When cats live indoors and are not exposed to hunting or game, they may ignore mice. While they have natural hunting instincts, most cats are not professional mice hunters. Cats which live in a house are usually well-fed and will only pursue mice for fun. 2 However, cats have lightning-fast reflexes (本能反应) and frequently leap before they realize why, especially if something resembles the way a snake moves. 3 The truth is, they may never see one if they’ve always been in the house. Cats are highly alert to other creatures that could damage or kill them. Rats, on the other hand, are even more dangerous. A giant rat is not a prey that a cat would pursue. The rats’ bite could injure or infect the cat with a deadly disease. What can we do to naturally keep away from mice? Regarding which cat is the best for hunting mice, the cat breed is unimportant. 4 Get two of them, but ensure you are feeding them and providing them with medical treatment rather than simply employing them to kill mice and failing to care for them properly. A．A shelter cat which had previously lived outside is a good choice. B．Actually, it is mainly dependent on the cat. C．If they’ve never seen one, they’re correct to be suspicious! D．That is to say, if the cat is full, curiosity is the only motivation to deal with a moving creature. E．Most of the time, it’s not that the cat is afraid of such creatures. F．Cats are intelligent when deciding which target to follow and which to avoid. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海松江区·期中) Man’s Existential Dilemma We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. 1 For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his “essence”, something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man’s peculiarity still remained a dilemma. The reason it was never found, as Erich Fromm (艾瑞克·弗洛姆，精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家) put it in an excellent discussion, was that there was no essence, that the essence of man is really his paradoxical(悖论的)nature, the fact that he is half animal and half symbolic. We might call this existential paradox the condition of individuality within finitude (有限性). Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. 2 He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. This immerse expansion, this competence, this self-consciousness gives to man almost the status a small god in nature. 3 This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars’ and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. His body is a material fleshy casing that is alien to him in many ways - the strangest and most unpleasant way being that is aches and bleeds and will decay and die. Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever. The lower animals are, of course, spared this painful contradiction, as they lack a symbolic identity and the self-consciousness that goes with it. They merely act and move reflexively as they are driven by their instincts. They live in a world without time, pulsating, as it were, in a state of dumb beings. This is what has made it so simple to shoot down whole herds of buffalo or elephants. The animals don’t know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. 4 Quoted from Ernest Becker’s The Denial of Death A．But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one’s dreams makes a huge difference. B．He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity. C．Man’s body was a curse of fate and culture was built upon repression not because he was a seeker of pleasure, but because he was primarily an avoider of death. D．Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms. E．Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. F．It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape. Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期中) How Much Exercise Your Dog Really Needs Is a walk around the block or playing fetch in the backyard enough for your pooch? If your dog could talk this is what she would tell you. You’re barking up the wrong tree Family tree that is. Hundreds of years of breed-specific genetics run through your dog’s veins, and it’s best to cater to their genetics for optimal mental and physical health. 1 . On the other hand, some toy breeds, such as the Shih Tzu and Pekinese, prefer snuggle time over leash time—these breeds were bred to be lap dogs for royalty. Here’s your official guide for picking the best dog for your family. I gotta move! Sorry, a quick game of fetch while you sit on the sofa or letting your dog out in the backyard to do her business doesn’t hit the mark. And if your fur baby isn’t getting enough exercise, you’ll notice it in weight gain. 2 Sore joints lead to decreased mobility so that it can be a vicious cycle. Also, a lack of exercise can cause a ho-hum attitude towards toys and training, and serious health conditions like and diabetes. Does your pooch need to lose a few pounds? Start with these proven weight loss tips for your chunky fur baby. But keep an eye on my states 3 “You need to monitor and listen to your pet during walks and runs to make sure they’re not having trouble, ”says Jennifer Freeman, DVM, PetSmart resident veterinarian, and pet care expert. If you notice your furbaby seems totally exhausted, is panting heavily, has an altered gait, or his tongue is limp and dangling, it’s time to dial it back. And if he seems really out of it after a walk or playtime, pull back on the amount of exercise for next time. Find out the signs your “healthy” pup is sick. Could we stop and smell the roses today? No doubt, walking is a tried and true way to exercise your dog (and great for you too), but the same ole walk is nothing to howl over. Walking can serve a dual-purpose when mental stimulation is offered. “Allow your dog to sniff the ground, the bushes, trees, etc. and use the walk for training opportunities like checking in, recall, and sitting at the crosswalks,” says Erin Askeland, a certified canine behavior consultant and at Camp Bow Wow. Remember, dogs sleep between 12 to 14 hours a day and most spend their day relaxing, especially if they are left at home alone during the day or crated. 4 . A．Just like with humans, extra weight strains your pooch’s heart and joints. B．Here are some smart ways to keep your pooch occupied while you’re at the office. C．For example, dogs that were bred to herd, pull carts, or hunt will need more exercise because historically, their days were filled with activity and their bodies were made to move more often. D．Puppies seem to have limitless energy and play longer and faster than older dogs, but that doesn’t mean they’re ready for all types of exercise. E．Some dogs easily tire while others have a “can’t-stop-won’t-stop” attitude so you’ll have to watch for signs of overexertion. F．It’s important to provide mental exercise for your pup in addition to the physical. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 六选四 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海敬业中学·期中) Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated. 1 Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them to read more. 2 So a child can finish reading an article without losing interest due to a short attention span (持续时间) . The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children’s publication. By allowing children to read magazines at an early age, parents are encouraging development of a useful skill. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Getting into the habit of reading magazines as a child will develop the lifelong habit of reading news articles. 3 Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. When reading magazines together, family members get to learn about each other’s interest. 4 Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing projects for the whole family to work on. All in all, magazines are valuable for many people, but in particular to children. The skills that they use and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to further study. Encouraging children to read magazines could change them from a reluctant reader to a lover of reading. A．Reading magazines enables children to be exposed to various subjects. B．Instead, it is necessary to introduce their kids to a wide range of books as well as magazines. C．The benefits of reading magazine articles can be achieved through school activities. D．Children can pass a magazine on to a brother or sister when they finish reading it. E．However, reading magazines offers many benefits to young readers. F．The articles in magazines are generally short. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读杂志对儿童的益处。文章从不同方面阐述了阅读杂志能激发孩子的阅读兴趣，培养他们的阅读技能，并帮助他们接触不同的主题和观点。 1．根据上文“Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated.(当老师们建议孩子们读杂志时，家长们往往很惊讶。他们觉得孩子们的阅读能力被低估了。)”以及下文“Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them to read more.(杂志文章可以为不喜欢读书的人提供一种生动的写作风格，可以激励他们读更多的书。)”可知，上文提到家长们觉得孩子们的阅读能力被低估了，下文则指出杂志文章能激励孩子们读更多的书，由此可知，空处应当是在指出读杂志对年轻读者有很多好处，E项“However, reading magazines offers many benefits to young readers.(然而，阅读杂志对年轻读者有许多好处)”符合语境，故选E项。 2．根据后文“So a child can finish reading an article without losing interest due to a short attention span (持续时间).(所以，一个孩子可以读完一篇文章，不会因为注意力持续时间短而失去兴趣。)”可知，空处应说明杂志文章的特点，指出孩子可以读完一篇文章，F项“The articles in magazines are generally short.(杂志中的文章通常很短)”说明杂志文章的特点促使孩子可以读完整篇文章，选项中short与后文“a short attention span”相呼应，符合语境，故选F项。 3．根据后文“Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable.(杂志文章挑战学生思考他们可能从未考虑过的问题，或者促使他们重新思考自己的世界观。由于杂志面向各种可以想象的读者群体，因此提供的信息涵盖了广泛的阅读水平。)”可知，杂志可以将各种信息提供给各种阅读水平的读者，促使孩子思考，空处也应说明读杂志文章的好处，A项“Reading magazines enables children to be exposed to various subjects.(读杂志能让孩子们接触到各种各样的主题。)”符合语境，故选A项。 4．根据上文“When reading magazines together, family members get to learn about each other's interest.(当一起读杂志时，家庭成员们可以了解彼此的兴趣。)”以及后文“Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing projects for the whole family to work on.(一旦每个家庭成员都读完了每本杂志，父母甚至可以为全家人设计艺术和写作项目。)”可知，上文提到家庭成员们一起读杂志，后文则指出每个家庭成员都读完了每本杂志之后可以设计艺术和写作项目，由此可知，空处应当是在说明杂志如何在家庭成员之间传递，D项“Children can pass a magazine on to a brother or sister when they finish reading it.(孩子们读完杂志后可以传给兄弟姐妹。)”符合语境，故选D项。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海奉贤中学·期中) Until we start to lose our balance, we barely notice that it’s there at all. “It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lowe, an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. “ 1 It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect.” The key, it is increasingly becoming clear, is to address the decline before it gets serious: and that can happen earlier than you might think. What is balance? Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. 2 A lack of balance is, globally, associated with serious health problems. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which concluded that an inability to balance was associated with an almost twofold increase in risk of death. “ 3 ” agrees Lowe, an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. Single-legged movements, such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral movements, like squats (深蹲), can provide a challenge.” 4 Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement, and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone. A．Early interventions are key, so you’ve got to stay active. B．Perhaps surprisingly, those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition. C．It’s not something we’re born with, but also it’s not something we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lose over time. D．For some people. just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening. E．Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on, and you’ve stopped doing that at some point. F．Whatever activity you choose, the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to, not when it becomes an issue. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了身体保持平衡的原理，及其锻炼的重要性。 1．下文“It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect. (人们很容易忽视这些迹象，或者只是把它归结为年龄的增长——但这确实是你可以影响的事情。)”说明有一种迹象，某些事情随着年龄增长就不能做了。选项E“也许你过去可以很快地用一条腿站起来穿鞋，但你在某个时候停止了这样做。”描述了下文所说的迹象，独立穿鞋的动作随着时间的推移，年龄的衰老就不得不停止。故选E项。 2．上文“What is balance? Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. (什么是平衡？从技术上讲，这是你身体中几个不同系统的复杂相互作用——从肌肉、神经、视力和内耳到让你识别身体接触地面的感觉系统，以及关节内的运动感受器，它们告诉你身体在空间中的位置。)”说明平衡不是天生的，是身体几个不同系统的复杂相互作用而形成的感觉系统，选项C“它不是我们与生俱来的，也不是我们学到的，而是一种能力，我们在早期获得，随着时间的推移而失去。”进一步解释平衡的特点。故选C项。 3．下文“Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. (老年女性远不如老年男性活跃，一般的活动，只是四处走动和做一些事情，会对平衡产生很大影响。)”说明应该保持活跃，老年后才能更好地保持平衡能力，选项A“早期干预是关键，所以你必须保持活跃。”建议早期干预，保持活跃。故选A项。 4．下文“Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. (抗阻力运动，无论是举重还是背着背包徒步旅行，都有许多其他被证明的健康益处，从改善骨密度到降低患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险。)”说明运动是有许多健康益处的，选项F“无论你选择什么活动，这给我们的教训是，在你需要保持平衡之前，不要等到它成为问题的时候再去锻炼。”引领下文，建议趁早进行运动。故选F项。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海市西中学·期中) Getting into Employment in High School Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. 1 Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. Do some homework on jobs and careers. There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? 2 How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online. 3 Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major. Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges. Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. 4 Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are. A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses. B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers. E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers. F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要为即将上大学的高中生提供有关职业方面的建议。 1．上文“Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. (可以理解的是，许多高中生更专注于进入大学，而不是大学毕业后找工作。)”及下文“Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers. (以下是你现在可以做的一些事情。当你还在上高中的时候，可以开始考虑可能的职业。)”说明高中生不太关注大学毕业后找工作的事情。对此，作者给出一些建议。F项“Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning. (然而，对于你可能感兴趣的职业，至少要有一些想法，这是大学规划的重要组成部分)”承上启下，故选F。 2．下文“Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. (不要害羞，成年人通常很高兴回答这些问题。)”说明可以向成年人询问有关工作的事情。B项“Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs. (首先与你认识的成年人谈谈他们的工作。)”与下文内容一致，说明可以向成年人愿意回答有关工作的事情。故选B。 3．下文“Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. (虽然你的大学专业并不总是决定你最终会为职业做些什么，但了解各种专业如何与职业联系起来是职业规划的一部分。)”指出将所学专业与职业联系起来。D项“Connect the dots between college majors and careers. (将大学专业和职业联系起来。)”总结下文，与下文内容一致，故选D。 4．上文“Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. (每个大学校园都有一个职业中心，由经过培训的专业人员组成，以帮助大学生解决与职业相关的问题。)”说明大学的职业中心可以帮助大学生解决与职业有关的问题。C项“They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills. (他们帮助学生选择专业和职业，找到实习和工作机会，并获得重要的求职技能。)”具体介绍学校职业中心可以帮助学生解决的问题，承接上文，故选C。 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海上海中学·期中) The Role of Adventure in Personal Growth In a world that often confines us within the boundaries of routine and familiarity, inviting in adventure can boost growth and well-being. The very essence of adventure—stepping beyond comfort zones, facing new challenges, and embracing uncertainty—is a gateway accessible to most to personal transformation. It propels us into experiences that are not only thrilling but also deeply enriching. 1 Instead, it provides a unique landscape for cultivating resilience, enhancing self-awareness, and rediscovering the joy of learning through experience. Whether navigating the rapids of a river, exploring a new culture, or undertaking a creative endeavor, each adventure carries the potential to reshape our perspectives, improve our mental strength and add a vibrant layer to the carpet of our lives. The true value of adventure lies not just in the excitement of the moment but in the lasting impact it has on our journey towards a resilient self. The COVID-19 pandemic, a period of great global challenge, provided a testing ground for highlighting the intrinsic value of adventure-based activities. When the world faced lockdowns, individuals who regularly engaged in adventure activities demonstrated a unique resilience compared to those who lacked adventure. Those engaged in adventure applied the mental frameworks developed through their experiences (e.g., adaptability, problem-solving under pressure, and emotional regulation) to deal with the uncertainties of the pandemic. 2 Moreover, venturing into unexplored territories is not merely an escape from the ordinary; science suggests it’s a vital exercise for our brains. Engaging in adventures stimulates our ability to be adaptative and to solve problems. Yes, we make amazing memories and have wonderful stories to tell, but research suggests we are also fostering neuroplasticity (神经可塑性). 3 Every new adventure, therefore, contributes to making our minds more agile. 4 When we nurture our awareness that we alone can overcome challenges, this earned internal strength isn’t limited to simply overcoming physical barriers. This skill extends to embracing almost any new role or experience that challenges us mentally and emotionally. Whether solving a complex problem, embarking on a new career path, or engaging in a new social setting, the confidence gained from adventures spills over into various aspects of our lives, too. Simply put, adventure is instrumental in shaping a more robust and confident self. A．By taking adventures, we uncover hidden strengths and develop valuable skills. B．Additionally, the role of adventure in building self-confidence is well-studied. C．Adventure, in its many forms, offers more than mere escapism. D．Adventure can challenge us, push our boundaries, and foster a sense of achievement. E．By creating new neural junctions and strengthening existing ones, we enhance our brain’s health and capacity. F．Accordingly, it’s clear that adventure’s benefits extend well beyond leisure of the moment. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．E 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是冒险在个人成长中的作用。 1．由第一段“The very essence of adventure—stepping beyond comfort zones, facing new challenges, and embracing uncertainty—is a gateway accessible to most to personal transformation.(冒险的本质——走出舒适区，面对新的挑战，拥抱不确定性——是通往个人转变的大门。)”可知，空格前的一句中的It指代的是adventure，空后“Instead, it provides a unique landscape for cultivating resilience, enhancing self-awareness, and rediscovering the joy of learning through experience.(相反，它为培养韧性、增强自我意识和重新发现通过经验学习的乐趣提供了一个独特的环境。)”说明了冒险为我们所提供的好的东西，Instead意为“相反”，因此空格处应该说冒险不仅仅提供某物，C选项“Adventure, in its many forms, offers more than mere escapism.(冒险，以其多种形式，提供的不仅仅是逃避现实。)”说明了冒险不仅仅让我们逃避现实，和后文冒险还提供的东西相呼应，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 2．空前“Those engaged in adventure applied the mental frameworks developed through their experiences (e.g., adaptability, problem-solving under pressure, and emotional regulation) to deal with the uncertainties of the pandemic.(参与冒险活动的人运用其经历形成的心理框架（例如，适应能力、在压力下解决问题和情绪调节）来应对疫情的不确定性。)”说明了冒险可以让人应对疫情的不确定性，空格处作为本段最后一句，应该对空前所说的冒险带给人的东西做总结，F选项“Accordingly, it’s clear that adventure’s benefits extend well beyond leisure of the moment.(因此，很明显，冒险的好处远远超出了当下的休闲。)”说明了冒险的好处远远超出了当下的休闲，是对前面冒险的好处的总结，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 3．空前“Engaging in adventures stimulates our ability to be adaptative and to solve problems. Yes, we make amazing memories and have wonderful stories to tell, but research suggests we are also fostering neuroplasticity (神经可塑性).(参与冒险可以激发我们的适应能力和解决问题的能力。是的，我们有惊人的记忆，有精彩的故事要讲，但研究表明，我们也在培养神经可塑性。)”说明了冒险可以培养神经可塑性，这是对大脑的影响，空后“Every new adventure, therefore, contributes to making our minds more agile.(因此，每一次新的冒险都有助于使我们的思维更加敏捷。)”也说明的是冒险有利于思维，空格处应该和冒险促进大脑功能有关，E选项“By creating new neural junctions and strengthening existing ones, we enhance our brain’s health and capacity.(通过创造新的神经连接并加强现有的神经连接，我们增强了大脑的健康和能力。)”说明冒险增强大脑的能力，和前后内容都一致，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 4．空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“Whether solving a complex problem, embarking on a new career path, or engaging in a new social setting, the confidence gained from adventures spills over into various aspects of our lives, too. Simply put, adventure is instrumental in shaping a more robust and confident self.(无论是解决一个复杂的问题，开始一条新的职业道路，还是参与一个新的社会环境，从冒险中获得的信心也会渗透到我们生活的各个方面。简单地说，冒险有助于塑造一个更强壮、更自信的自我。)”可知，本段主要讲的是冒险可以培养自信，B选项“Additionally, the role of adventure in building self-confidence is well-studied.(此外，冒险在建立自信中的作用也得到了充分的研究。)”说明了冒险在建立自信中的作用被充分地研究，引出了下文对冒险增强自信的具体描述，是本段的主旨，因此可作为主旨句，故选B。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中分校·期中) The youngest Nobel Prize Laureate, Malala Yousafzai, is back in Pakistan after five long years. She is a female activist and focuses on female education. She herself was a victim of a Taliban terrorist attack. On October 9, 2012, in her native town of Swat, while on her way home after taking an exam, she was attacked and injured by the Taliban for her role in promoting education for young females. 1 In 2014, she was the winner of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Kailash Satyarthi, from India. Malala has been a human rights activist since her childhood and was the author of a blog at age 11. Even threats from the Taliban could not change her mind-set and she kept working to promote female education. She established the Malala Fund and received generous donations from all over the world. 2 She has established a very good school in Swat, Pakistan to provide good and affordable education. In addition, she also has worked to promote education among children, especially girls in war-torn Syria. She’s also spoken in defense of the Rohingya people in Myanmar. Her heroes include Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the father of Pakistan, and Benazir Bhutto, former prime minster of Pakistan. Malala is highly educated and was partly brought up in the West. She has a very broad vision and believes in western values. She has a keen interest in Pakistan’s politics. 3 She is ambitious and brave. 4 Some people welcomed her and regarded her as a hope for Pakistan, as she was well educated at famous educational institutions and very well trained in the West. Her contributions for the welfare of females, especially in their education, is very much admired. Others believe that she might be a western envoy (特使) to fulfill a western plan in Pakistan. They think as she was blessed and the beneficiary of the western world, she might play into their hands. Moreover, she was out of Pakistan for the last five years, and may not be well aware of domestic current politics. A．In 2012 and 2013, she was the recipient of Pakistan’s first National Youth Peace Prize. B．On her return to Pakistan, a mixed reaction was observed. C．Pakistan is an open country where freedom of expression is ensured by the constitution. D．She also has expressed a desire to become prime minister of Pakistan. E．She studied philosophy, politics and economics. F．The fund is dedicated only for education, especially for females. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍最年轻的诺贝尔奖得主马拉拉·尤萨法扎伊（Malala Yousafzai）在五年之后回到了巴基斯坦的过程。 1．根据上文“On October 9, 2012, in her native town of Swat, while on her way home after taking an exam, she was attacked and injured by the Taliban for her role in promoting education for young females. (2012年10月9日，在她的家乡斯瓦特，她参加完考试后在回家的路上被塔利班袭击并受伤，因为她在促进年轻女性教育方面发挥了作用。)”和下文“In 2014, she was the winner of the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Kailash Satyarthi, from India. (2014年，她与来自印度的凯拉什·萨蒂亚尔希一起获得了2014年诺贝尔和平奖。)”可知，A选项“2012年和2013年，她获得了巴基斯坦首届国家青年和平奖。”在时间和内容上承上启下，使文章更连贯，故选A。 2．根据上文“She established the Malala Fund and received generous donations from all over the world. (她成立了马拉拉基金，并收到了来自世界各地的慷慨捐赠。)”可推知，下文应和基金的用处有关，所以F选项“该基金专门用于教育，尤其是女性教育。”正好承接上文，故选F。 3．根据上文“She has a keen interest in Pakistan’s politics. (她对巴基斯坦的政治有着浓厚的兴趣。)”可知，D选项“她还表达了成为巴基斯坦总理的愿望。”是对她对巴基斯坦的政治有着浓厚的兴趣的进一步具体的说明，所以D合题意，故选D。 4．根据下文“Some people welcomed her and regarded her as a hope for Pakistan, as she was well educated at famous educational institutions and very well trained in the West. Her contributions for the welfare of females, especially in their education, is very much admired. Others believe that she might be a western envoy (特使) to fulfill a western plan in Pakistan. They think as she was blessed and the beneficiary of the western world, she might play into their hands. (有些人欢迎她，认为她是巴基斯坦的希望，因为她在著名的教育机构受过良好的教育，在西方受过良好的训练。她对女性福利的贡献，特别是在女性教育方面的贡献，令人钦佩。其他人则认为她可能是西方在巴基斯坦执行西方计划的使者。他们认为，由于她是西方世界的祝福和受益者，她可能会落入他们的手中。)”可知，有些人欢迎她，有些人质疑她，所以设空处应是她回到巴基斯坦后不同人的反应，B选项“她回到巴基斯坦后，人们的反应不一。”符合题意，故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海同济大学二附中·期中) In game development, the drive for realism and immersion (沉浸体验) never stops. One key tool for achieving lifelike animation is motion capture, or mocap. This technology has revolutionized the gaming industry by transforming the way characters move and interact in a virtual world. Motion capture has come a long way since its early days. 1 Since the 1990s, game studios have adopted this tool to bring characters to life. The process involves recording the movements of real people in 3D space. The capture environment is carefully set up to ensure precise tracking. Actors wear suits equipped with markers or sensors and perform various actions, from complex combat scenes to subtle facial expressions. 2 Animators further adjust the movements to make sure they fit well with the game’s overall visual style. Mocap’s precise recording of human movement adds to the realism of in-game animation. It gives players a more immersive experience, making them feel as if they were part of the virtual world. 3 Traditional animation requires animators to design each frame (帧) carefully, which can take a lot of time. Mocap, by contrast, captures movements in real time, which reduces editing time and the need for additional retakes (镜头重拍). The simplified workflow allows game studios to meet tight deadlines while still delivering high-quality products. 4 With this tool, animators can try out different performances and capture a wide range of emotions and actions. It would take much longer to do this by hand. The more mocap is used, the more time animators have to perfect their work and make each movement as expressive as possible. A．Mocap isn’t just about saving time; it encourages creativity as well. B．Despite its many benefits, mocap comes with its own set of challenges. C．Beyond improving immersion, mocap speeds up the animation process. D．Looking ahead, we see that motion capture will continue to shape the gaming industry. E．Initially, it was mainly used in films to capture realistic movements for animated characters. F．The recorded data is then cleaned to remove noise or errors and mapped onto digital characters 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了动画中“动作捕捉”的发展和作用。 1．根据上文“Motion capture has come a long way since its early days.(动作捕捉技术从早期发展至今已经取得了长足的进步)”以及下文“Since the 1990s, game studios have adopted this tool to bring characters to life.(自20世纪90年代以来，游戏工作室便开始使用这一工具去创造角色)”可知，选项承上启下说明此技术早期的应用情况。故E选项“最初，它主要用于电影中捕捉动画人物的真实动作”切题。故选E项。 2．根据上文“Actors wear suits equipped with markers or sensors and perform various actions, from complex combat scenes to subtle facial expressions.(演员们穿着装有标记或传感器的服装，表演各种各样的动作，从复杂的战斗场景到微妙的面部表情)”可知，选项承接上文说明处理的下一个步骤。故F选项“然后对记录的数据进行清理以去除噪声或错误，并将其映射到数字字符上”切题。故选F项。 3．根据上文“Mocap’s precise recording of human movement adds to the realism of in-game animation. It gives players a more immersive experience, making them feel as if they were part of the virtual world.(动作捕捉对人体运动的精确记录增加了游戏动画的真实感。它给玩家一种更加身临其境的体验，让他们觉得自己是虚拟世界的一部分)”可知，选项承接上文说明动作捕捉动画制作的影响。故C选项“除了提高沉浸感，动作捕捉还加快了动画制作过程”切题。故选C项。 4．根据上文“Mocap, by contrast, captures movements in real time, which reduces editing time and the need for additional retakes (镜头重拍). The simplified workflow allows game studios to meet tight deadlines while still delivering high-quality products.(相比之下，动作捕捉实时捕捉动作，这减少了编辑时间和需要额外的重拍。简化的工作流程使游戏工作室能够在紧迫的截止日期前交付高质量的产品)”以及下文“With this tool, animators can try out different performances and capture a wide range of emotions and actions. It would take much longer to do this by hand. The more mocap is used, the more time animators have to perfect their work and make each movement as expressive as possible.(有了这个工具，动画师可以尝试不同的表演，捕捉各种各样的情绪和动作。手工做这个要花更长的时间。动作捕捉使用得越多，动画师就有越多的时间来完善他们的工作，并使每个动作尽可能地富有表现力)”可知，选项承上启下，说明动作捕捉在节省时间上和在培养创造力上的作用。故A选项“动作捕捉不仅仅是为了节省时间；它也鼓励创造力”切题。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海闸北八中·期中) Soil conservation methods help farmers protect their land from the damage caused by farming and the forces of nature. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants. 1 Windbreaks help prevent the loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops. Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without them. 2 They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak works best if it contains only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak. There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. 3 The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus trees can be cut down and used or sold for wood. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture. 4 A．Crops in fields can be protected by windbreaks. B．Farmers plant these barriers around their fields. C．One line should be large trees. D．But here is something interesting about windbreaks. E．Then the soil will be washed away. F．They can provide grazing animals with shade from the sun. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防风林的作用和特点。 1．根据上文“Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants.(防风林是由树木和其他植物形成的屏障)”可知，上文提到了防风林的概念，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。选项B“农民在田地周围种植这些障碍物”符合语境，介绍了防风林通常出现在哪儿，故选B。 2．根据后文“They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil. Then the soil will be blown away.(当它们允许一些风穿过田地周围树木或植物的屏障时，它们似乎效果最好。如果不是，那么靠近地面的空气运动将抬升土壤。然后土壤就会被吹走)”可知，后文提到允许风穿过屏障的效果最好，可知是在介绍防风林原理的一些相关知识。故选项D“但这里有一些关于防风林的有趣之处”可以反映本段的主题，介绍一些关于防风林的有趣之处，故选D。 3．根据上文“There should be at least two lines in each windbreak.(每个防风林至少要有两行)”以及后句后文“The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves.(第二行，就在它旁边，可以是较矮的树和其他有叶子的植物)”可知，上文提到防风林有两行，后文提到了第二行，可知本句是在说明第一行。故选项C“一行应该是大树”符合语境，介绍防风林的构成，故选C。 4．根据上文“Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soil from being washed away. And trees can provide another valuable service for agriculture.(树木减少了风和雨的破坏性影响。它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。树木可以为农业提供另一种有价值的服务)”可知，本句承接上文，说明树木提供的另一种有价值的服务具体是什么。故选项F“它们可以为放牧动物提供遮阳处”可以承接上文，介绍树木的另一个作用，故选F。 Passage 2 (23-24高二上·上海华二附中·期中) Why should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? 1 . The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. 2 . Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction — which has saved many lives —  in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space industry! 3 . The chances of a large comet hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction. In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. 4 . A．The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. B．Space allows us to expand and succeed: for the sake of everyone on the earth, now and in the future, space exploration is essential. C．The mysterious space objects varying in size have been fascinated scientists and scholars for years. D．It appears that we are driven to ensure the success and continuation of not just our own genes, but of the species as a whole. E．Therefore it still poses a problem for us human beings whether to explore the space at the cost of our own homelands. F．While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述人类探索太空的原因和必要性。 1．根据上文“What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? (是什么促使我们遥远的祖先从树上迁移到平原，并继续迁移到所有可能的地区和环境？)”和下文“The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival. (一个物种的分布越广，它的生存机会就越大。)”可知设空处应是回答上文，即物种会迁移的原因，所以D选项“似乎我们被驱使着不仅要确保我们自己基因的成功和延续，还要确保整个物种的成功和延续。”起到承上启下的作用，符合题意，故选D。 2．根据上文“Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. (通过探索或准备探索而获得的知识或技术将从开发者那里渗透到整个社会中。)”可推断下文应是进一步说明这些知识或技术在社会中的作用，所以A项“这些技术可能在医学上有应用，可以延长我们的寿命或提高我们的生活质量。”符合题意，故选A。 3．根据下文“The chances of a large comet hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. (大彗星撞击地球的几率很小，但迟早会发生。过去的这种撞击可能是恐龙和其他物种灭绝的原因。)”可推断上文应是说明宇宙的运行应该存在危险，故F选项“虽然太空中可能有许多关于宇宙如何形成或如何运作的奇迹和解释，但它也存在危险。”切题，故选F。 4．根据上文“While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. (虽然地球是已知的唯一能维持生命的行星，但人类的适应能力肯定能让我们在其他行星和卫星上居住。生活方式确实会有所不同，但人类的生活和文化在过去已经适应了，在未来肯定会适应。)”可知说的是探索探空的趋势和必要性，对探空探索进行总结，故B选项“太空使我们得以扩张和成功：为了地球上的每个人，现在和将来，太空探索是必不可少的。”符合语境，故选B。 主题01 人与自我 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海第三女子中学·期中) Your Own Best Friend Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness. But there’s no need for embarrassment. 1 It allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience. Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. 2 In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. 3 Besides, psychological experiments have further shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”. We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 4 You’re, sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk. A．If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. B．According to Lev Vygotsky, adults use public speech to control the behavior of others just the same as the young use private speech to regulate their own actions. C．Far from a sign of foolishness, talking to ourselves is actually a valuable tool for thought. D．This so-called inner speech can improve our performance on various tasks. E．Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. F．Psychologists refer to this as private speech-language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过研究举例证明我们内化了我们小时候使用的私人言语——但我们从来没有完全放弃大声说出来的论点。这种私人言语是有价值的思考工具，能帮我们做事、调节情绪等。 1．根据上文“Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful.(自言自语可能看起来有点丢脸)”“According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.(俗话说，自言自语是疯狂的第一个迹象)”“But there’s no need for embarrassment. (但没必要尴尬)”可知，后文应该承接这个观点，指出自言自语并不是愚蠢和疯狂的表现。C选项“Far from a sign of foolishness, talking to ourselves is actually a valuable tool for thought. (与自己交谈远非愚蠢的表现，实际上是一种宝贵的思考工具)”能够承接上文，符合文意。故选C。 2．根据上文“Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations. (去任何一所幼儿园旅行，看一个小孩玩她的玩具。你很可能听到她自言自语：给自己指路，表达自己的沮丧)”以及下文“In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. (事实上，我们几乎所有人在年轻时都会做很多私人演讲，随着年龄的增长，我们不会放弃这个系统，而是将其内化)”可知，前文提到小孩自言自语的情形，后文提到随着年龄增长我们内化了小时候的这种私下言语，空处应是对小孩子这种自言自语行为在心理学上的一种定义或者说法，使前后内容衔接自然。F选项中的“this”指代上文提到的自言自语现象，心理学家将此称为“私人言语”，即大声说出但指向自我的语言，能够承接上文并引出对自言自语这一现象的专业解释。故F选项“Psychologists refer to this as private speech-language that is spoken out loud but directed at the self. (心理学家将其称为私人言语——大声说出但指向自我的语言)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选F。 3．根据上文“In fact, almost all of us do a lot of private speech when we are young, and as we grow older, we don’t abandon this system-we internalize it. (事实上，我们几乎所有人在年轻时都会做很多私人演讲，随着年龄的增长，我们不会放弃这个系统，而是将其内化)”可知，此处指出我们年轻时经常自言自语，长大后也没有放弃这一系统，而是将其内化。B选项“According to Lev Vygotsky, adults use public speech to control the behavior of others just the same as the young use private speech to regulate their own actions. (根据Lev Vygotsky的说法，成年人使用公共言论来控制他人的行为，就像年轻人使用私人言论来规范自己的行为一样)”能够承接上文，进一步解释了内部言语与公共言语的相似性，从而暗示了内部言语的重要性，以及我们为何会保留这一习惯。故选B。 4．根据上文“We internalize the private speech we use as children — but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. (我们内化了我们小时候使用的私人语言——但我们从来没有完全放弃大声说出来的版本)”以及下文“You’re, sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot. (你肯定会看到一两个运动员在投篮不好后准备好接受尖锐的措辞或责骂自己)”可知，空处需要一个引出后面以运动员为例来证明大声自言自语存在的语句。A选项“If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. (如果你想要证据，就打开体育频道)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海吴淞中学·期中) What Happens During a School Pep Rally? One of many school-based gatherings a pep rally is designed to generate school spirit and arouse unity within a school community. Pep rallies are often held before big contests, such as homecoming games or playoff games, and provide opportunities for students, faculty, sports teams and other groups to honor and celebrate their team in preparation for the upcoming event. 1 Informing the school community of an upcoming pep rally not only gives participants time to prepare but also builds excitement and expectation before attendance. Announcements might include details about a school spirit week leading up to the rally or encouraging students and teachers to sign up for competitions that will take place during the pep rally. Pep rallies are meant to showcase school pride and engage the crowd in enthusiastic displays of school spirit. 2 Students are led in while listening to familiar pep tunes from the school band or drum line and are seated with their graduating class. From there, the rally follows an agenda of introductions and announcements spirited performances from various school organizations, acknowledgement of key members of the community, humorous energetic programs and engaging competitions between the classes. Near the end of a rally, the students may sing the school’s fight song in the lead of the band and cheerleaders. The atmosphere is loud and enthusiastic during a pep rally and motivates students to actively participate. 3 It’s not uncommon for a speaker, such as a team captain or a particularly engaging coach or faculty member, to excite the audience by announcing team records, narrating a slide show of celebrated moments in the team’s competitive history or leading the entire school in a spirit cheer. Once a pep rally has ended, students generally return to class or leave school feeling uplifted and enthusiastic about their school’s team and the upcoming contest. 4 A．Therefore, students are too involved and excited in the pep rally to stay calm. B．Hopefully, they are inspired to make plans to attend the event and become a contributing member in preparing the team to compete. C．Ideally, a pep rally creates an environment of enthusiasm and will likely lead all in attendance to lively cheering in support of their team. D．In the rally, students can enjoy many performances like music from the band and drum line. E．Headmaster will usually highlight the school history to arouse everyone’s love for it. F．Generally, pep rallies are held in spacious locations, like gymnasiums or multipurpose rooms. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学校动员大会的目的、准备工作、活动现场的气氛以及对参与者的影响，强调了这类活动在学校生活中激发团队精神和凝聚力的作用。 1．由上文“One of many school-based gatherings a pep rally is designed to generate school spirit and arouse unity within a school community. Pep rallies are often held before big contests, such as homecoming games or playoff games, and provide opportunities for students, faculty, sports teams and other groups to honor and celebrate their team in preparation for the upcoming event. (在许多以学校为基础的集会中，动员会的目的是激发学校精神，唤起学校社区的团结。动员会通常在大型比赛之前举行，比如返校比赛或季后赛，为学生、教师、运动队和其他团体提供机会，为即将到来的比赛做准备，向他们的球队致敬和庆祝。)”可知，上文描述了学校动员大会的目的和意义，本空应承接上文，强调动员大会的目的。选项C“Ideally, a pep rally creates an environment of enthusiasm and will likely lead all in attendance to lively cheering in support of their team. (理想情况下，动员大会创造了一个充满热情的环境，并可能会让所有与会者为支持他们的团队而欢呼。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。 2．由下文“From there, the rally follows an agenda of introductions and announcements spirited performances from various school organizations, acknowledgement of key members of the community, humorous energetic programs and engaging competitions between the classes. (学生们一边听着熟悉的学校乐队或鼓点的鼓声，一边被领进礼堂，与毕业班的学生们坐在一起。从那里开始，集会的议程是介绍和宣布各种学校组织的精神表演，表彰社区的主要成员，幽默的充满活力的节目和班级之间的参与比赛。)”可知，下文提到学生被带到动员大会的地点，因此，这里的空格应填写与集会举办地点相关的信息。选项F“Ideally, a pep rally creates an environment of enthusiasm and will likely lead all in attendance to lively cheering in support of their team. (一般来说，动员会在宽敞的地方举行，比如体育馆或多功能室。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选F。 3．由上文“The atmosphere is loud and enthusiastic during a pep rally and motivates students to actively participate. (动员大会的气氛是响亮和热情的，激励学生积极参与。)”可知，上文提到动员大会的气氛热烈，激励学生积极参与。因此，这里的空格应填写导致动员大会的气氛热烈的活动。选项D“In the rally, students can enjoy many performances like music from the band and drum line. (在集会上，学生们可以欣赏到许多表演，如乐队和鼓队的音乐。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。 4．由上文“Once a pep rally has ended, students generally return to class or leave school feeling uplifted and enthusiastic about their school’s team and the upcoming contest. (一旦动员会结束，学生们通常会回到教室或离开学校，对他们学校的团队和即将到来的比赛感到振奋和热情。)”可知，上文提到动员大会结束后，学生们通常会带着提升的情绪返回课堂或离开学校。本空应描述这种情绪对学生的影响。选项B“Hopefully, they are inspired to make plans to attend the event and become a contributing member in preparing the team to compete. (希望他们能受到启发，制定参加活动的计划，并成为团队准备比赛的贡献者。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海七宝中学·期中) The Best Language for Math What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it. Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries. 1 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University. Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” – spoken with the “ten” first. 2 English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法) 3 It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 4 Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract. Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you! A．So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly. B．The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors. C．Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. D．This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems. E．Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently. F．That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了相较英文而言，中文等语言的数字表达方式有利于数学的学习。 1．根据下文“ Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.（研究人员包括西北大学教育学院教授卡伦·福森和德克萨斯农工大学中国数学教育专家李叶平）”可知，此处提出了一些研究人员。由此推知，空处应陈述对哪种文字有利于数学学习进行了研究。C项“尤其是汉语和英语之间的差异，已经研究了几十年”符合题意，studied呼应下文的researchers。故选C。 2．根据上文“English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” – spoken with the “ten” first.（英语中的每个数字对应一个独特的单词，而汉语（以及日语和韩语等语言）中十以上的数字可以说成“十加几个一”——先说“十”）”可知，中文以及日语和韩语的数字表达相对英语来说更简单。由此推知，下文陈述这种数字表达方式带来的好处。F项“这使得孩子们更容易理解位置值，并且清楚地表明数字系统是以10为单位的”符合题意，选项中的that指代上文的“中国（以及日语和韩语等语言）的数字表达方式”。故选F。 3．根据上文“As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法)（因此，用英语数字学习的孩子们在进行多位数加减运算时会遇到困难）”可知，英语表达数字的方式会让孩子学习多位数运算时遇到麻烦。B项“解决问题所需的额外思维步骤会导致更多错误”符合语境，承接上文，话题一致，都成熟英语数字对孩子数学学习的影响，选项中的errors呼应上文的have a harder time doing。故选B。 4．根据上文“It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4（与说英语的人相比，说汉语的人使用“凑整”加减法更自然。当加两个数字时，学生们将数字分解成若干部分，并将它们重新组合成十和一。例如，9加5变成了9加1加4）”可知，此处提到了“凑整”法。由此推知，空处内容应与“凑整”这种方法相关。D项“这种方法是解决更高级的多位加法和减法问题的有力工具”符合题意，选项中的this method指的就是上文的“凑整”法。故选D。 【点睛】 主题02 人与社会 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中) Diary writing has been part of literature all over the world since ancient times. And online diaries today are making the genre more popular than ever. The first online writing of this type is thought to be Justin Hall’s Links from the Underground. Justin wrote a detailed and honest account of his life between 1994 and 2005. At its peak, his website was receiving thousands of visitors a day. Three years after Justin’s first post, someone came up with a term for what he, and a few other people, were writing — a weblog. The word comes from the words web and log. 1 The early bloggers needed some technical computing skills to make their pages. But from 1999, websites as blogger.com, which helped anyone to publish their own blog, started to appear. 2 By 2001 there were about a million blogs on the internet — from “what I had for breakfast, lunch and dinner today” blogs, receiving few, if any, visits — to protesting anti-war blogs, read and commented on by hundreds of people every hour. 3 They can report on news events within a few minutes and can include photos and even video. Their readers can participate in the debate on the blogs and can add additional information and links. The news has never been so interactive. About 60 million people now self-publish their diaries, thoughts and observations online — although this is undoubtedly an overestimation because many of them are no longer being updated. 4 When Google bought blogger.com in 2003, it gave its users the ability to put adverts on their websites. Popular blogs are now able to earn thousands of dollars each month through this method, with advertising on blogs now a multi-million-dollar business. A．The non-stop rise of blogs is in part due to money. B．Then the phenomenon of blogging exploded. C．Now blogging is not as popular as it used to be ten years ago. D．In 1999 a fellow diarist jokingly rewrote the word as “we blog” and soon the English language had a new verb: to blog. E．Now it is accepted that blogs have redefined journalism. F．Those who used to work for newspapers and magazines started to turn to blogging. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了网络日记（博客）的发展历程、影响以及现状。 1．根据上文“Justin wrote a detailed and honest account of his life between 1994 and 2005. (贾斯汀详细而诚实地描述了他在1994年至2005年间的生活。)”以及“Three years after Justin’s first post...(贾斯汀发第一篇帖子三年后……)”以及下文“But from 1999...(但是从1999年开始……)”可知，作者按时间顺序介绍了博客的历史和发展演变；上文“Three years after Justin’s first post, someone came up with a term for what he, and a few other people, were writing — a weblog. The word comes from the words web and log.(贾斯汀第一篇帖子发表三年后，有人想出了一个词来形容他和其他几个人正在写的东西——博客。这个词来自web和log两个词)”说明weblog这个词的来源，D项“1999年，一位日记作者开玩笑地把这个词改写成了‘we blog’，很快英语里就有了一个新的动词：blog”解释了从“weblog”到“blog”的演变过程，并介绍了新动词“to blog”，与上下文衔接紧密。故选D。 2．上文提到“But from 1999, websites as blogger.com, which helped anyone to publish their own blog, started to appear.(但从1999年开始，像blogger.com这样的帮助任何人发布自己博客的网站开始出现)”，说明博客网站的出现，B项“然后，博客现象爆发了”承接上文，说明了博客的迅速普及；下文“By 2001 there were about a million blogs on the internet(到2001年，互联网上有大约一百万个博客)”是对博客数量增长的具体说明。故选B。 3．下文“They can report on news events within a few minutes and can include photos and even video.(他们可以在几分钟内报道新闻事件，并可以包含照片甚至视频)”说明博客在新闻报道方面的能力与优势；E项“现在人们普遍认为，博客已经重新定义了新闻业”引出下文，说明了博客对新闻业的影响，与下文内容紧密相关，下文中的“They”指代blogs。故选E。 4．上文“About 60 million people now self-publish their diaries, thoughts and observations online — although this is undoubtedly an overestimation because many of them are no longer being updated.(现在大约有6000万人在网上自我发表他们的日记、想法和观察，尽管这无疑是一个高估，因为其中许多已经不再更新)”提到很多博客不再更新，说明博客的数量和更新情况。A项“博客的持续崛起部分归因于金钱”承接上文提到博客在线发布的广泛趋势，解释了为何博客保持流行，并引出下文对博客盈利方式的介绍，与下文“When Google bought blogger.com in 2003, it gave its users the ability to put adverts on their websites.(当谷歌在2003年收购blogger.com时，它赋予了用户在其网站上投放广告的能力)”提到的“Google收购blogger.com后给用户提供了放置广告的能力”相呼应，承上启下。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海建平中学·期中) The biology of sleep: Forty thousand naps near the sea Sleep is a bit of an evolutionary mystery. A sleeping animal cannot look for food, defend its territory or flee from danger. The fact that sleep is nonetheless common among animals suggests its restorative powers are essential. So does the fact that, if laboratory animals are deprived of it for long enough, they die. Some animals, though, have developed unique ways to balance the need for sleep and the need for staying alert. Dolphins and ducks can sleep with only half their brains at a time, leaving the other half alert. 1 Chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), it seems, take their sleep in the form of thousands of tiny micro-naps. The researchers captured 14 penguins on King George Island, and their brain activity was tracked remotely through electrodes. While ducks sleep in long stretches, the researchers discovered that the penguins were napping for just a few seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour. They offer two explanations for the penguins’ sleep patterns. The first is to do with external threats. Penguins often incubate (孵化) their eggs alone while their partners are away foraging for food. Colonies are threatened by brown skuas (棕贼鸥). 2 Broken sleep may be an evolutionarily smart way of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding watches while still remaining able to react to danger. 3 Birds with nests near the edge of the colony ought to be at greater risk than those in the centre. But birds on the edges of the colony seemed to enjoy longer and deeper naps than those near the middle. That leads to the second suggestion, which is to do with the penguins themselves. Penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places, and threats may come from within as well as without. 4 Birds in the bustling, crime-ridden centre of the colony may simply find it harder to get any shut-eye than those living in the safer, quieter suburbs. Choosing between those theories will require more research. Both, of course, could prove to be true. A．But that is complicated by another of the researchers’ findings. B．They are predatory birds that will gladly seize unattended eggs. C．Now a paper by Libourel and Lee reports another clever adaptation. D．The birds may readily steal nesting materials from unguarded neighbours, for instance. E．But the fact that the birds are able to incubate eggs under such conditions proves the naps useful. F．Like ducks, chinstrap penguins can sleep with either their whole brain or with just one hemisphere at a time. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企鹅的睡眠方式是成千上万次的小憩，并解释其原因。 1．根据上文“Dolphins and ducks can sleep with only half their brains at a time, leaving the other half alert. (海豚和鸭子一次只能用一半的大脑睡觉，而另一半大脑则保持清醒。)”和下文“Chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅), it seems, take their sleep in the form of thousands of tiny micro-naps. (帽带企鹅的睡眠方式是成千上万次的小憩。)”可知设空处应承上启下，所以C选项“现在，Libourel和Lee的一篇论文报告了另一种聪明的适应方法。”承接上文的睡觉方法，并引出下文帽带企鹅不同的睡眠方式。故选C。 2．根据上文“Penguins often incubate (孵化) their eggs alone while their partners are away foraging for food. Colonies are threatened by brown skuas (棕贼鸥). (企鹅经常在伴侣外出觅食时独自孵蛋。殖民地受到棕贼鸥的威胁。)”可推断下文应介绍棕贼鸥怎样威胁企鹅的殖民地的，B选项“它们是掠食性鸟类，会很高兴地抓住无人看管的蛋。”符合题意，并引出下文“Broken sleep may be an evolutionarily smart way of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding watches while still remaining able to react to danger. (从进化的角度来看，睡眠中断可能是一种聪明的方式，既能在长时间看守鸡蛋的过程中获得一些睡眠，又能对危险做出反应。) ”说明切的这种睡眠方式的好处。故选B。 3．根据下文“Birds with nests near the edge of the colony ought to be at greater risk than those in the centre. But birds on the edges of the colony seemed to enjoy longer and deeper naps than those near the middle. (在群体边缘筑巢的鸟比在中心筑巢的鸟面临更大的风险。但是边缘的鸟似乎比中间的鸟睡得更久、更深。)” 与上文提到的关于外部威胁影响企鹅睡眠模式的观点相矛盾，所以这是另一个发现带来的复杂情况，A 选项 “但研究人员的另一项发现使情况变得复杂了。”符合题意。所以选 A。 4．根据上文“Penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places, and threats may come from within as well as without. (企鹅群是嘈杂拥挤的地方，威胁可能来自内部也可能来自外部。) ”和下文“Birds in the bustling, crime-ridden centre of the colony may simply find it harder to get any shut-eye than those living in the safer, quieter suburbs. (在熙熙攘攘、犯罪猖獗的市中心，鸟类可能会比生活在更安全、更安静的郊区更难被闭上眼睛。)”可推知设空处是关于来自内部的威胁，D选项“例如，这些鸟可能很容易从无人看守的邻居那里偷走筑巢材料。”符合语境。故选D。 Passage 3 (24-25高二上·上海青浦高级中学·期中) Is Tom Really the Natural Enemy of Jerry? I’ve seen such scenes for many times — some cats are not interested in catching mice, and even seem genuinely afraid of mice. How can a natural hunter be like this? Are mice really more aggressive now? 1 Some cats hunt and kill, others play with prey before killing it, and some, like mine, scamper up the stairs wailing at their own shadow. All cats, like people, have personalities and preferences. Moreover, it has much to do with the environment whether a cat is a qualified mice hunter. When cats live indoors and are not exposed to hunting or game, they may ignore mice. While they have natural hunting instincts, most cats are not professional mice hunters. Cats which live in a house are usually well-fed and will only pursue mice for fun. 2 However, cats have lightning-fast reflexes (本能反应) and frequently leap before they realize why, especially if something resembles the way a snake moves. 3 The truth is, they may never see one if they’ve always been in the house. Cats are highly alert to other creatures that could damage or kill them. Rats, on the other hand, are even more dangerous. A giant rat is not a prey that a cat would pursue. The rats’ bite could injure or infect the cat with a deadly disease. What can we do to naturally keep away from mice? Regarding which cat is the best for hunting mice, the cat breed is unimportant. 4 Get two of them, but ensure you are feeding them and providing them with medical treatment rather than simply employing them to kill mice and failing to care for them properly. A．A shelter cat which had previously lived outside is a good choice. B．Actually, it is mainly dependent on the cat. C．If they’ve never seen one, they’re correct to be suspicious! D．That is to say, if the cat is full, curiosity is the only motivation to deal with a moving creature. E．Most of the time, it’s not that the cat is afraid of such creatures. F．Cats are intelligent when deciding which target to follow and which to avoid. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了猫是否真的是老鼠的天敌这一问题，分析了猫捕鼠行为与其个性、环境以及本能反应的关系，并给出了如何自然驱鼠的建议。 1．上文“I’ve seen such scenes for many times — some cats are not interested in catching mice, and even seem genuinely afraid of mice. How can a natural hunter be like this? Are mice really more aggressive now?(我见过很多次这样的场景——有些猫对抓老鼠不感兴趣，甚至看起来真的很害怕老鼠。一个天生的猎手怎么会这样呢？现在老鼠真的更具攻击性了吗？)”提出了关于猫不捕鼠的疑问，并询问是否是因为老鼠变得更具攻击性。B选项“Actually, it is mainly dependent on the cat.(实际上，这主要取决于猫)”回答了上文的问题，指出猫是否捕鼠并非由老鼠的攻击性决定，而是主要取决于猫本身，同时引出下文“Some cats hunt and kill, others play with prey before killing it, and some, like mine, scamper up the stairs wailing at their own shadow. All cats, like people, have personalities and preferences.(有些猫会捕猎并杀死猎物，有些猫在杀死猎物之前会玩弄猎物，还有一些猫，比如我的猫，会冲上楼梯对着自己的影子哀号。所有的猫，就像人一样，都有自己的个性和偏好)”对猫个性差异的详细介绍，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 2．上文“When cats live indoors and are not exposed to hunting or game, they may ignore mice. While they have natural hunting instincts, most cats are not professional mice hunters. Cats which live in a house are usually well-fed and will only pursue mice for fun.(当猫生活在室内，没有接触过狩猎或游戏时，它们可能会忽略老鼠。虽然它们有天生的狩猎本能，但大多数猫并不是专业的捕鼠者。养在家里的猫通常吃得很好，追逐老鼠只是为了好玩)”说明了室内猫通常不会认真捕鼠，只是出于好玩。D选项“That is to say, if the cat is full, curiosity is the only motivation to deal with a moving creature.(也就是说，如果猫吃饱了，好奇心就是它对付活动生物的唯一动力)”进一步解释了室内猫追逐老鼠的动机只是好奇心，与上文语意一致。故选D项。 3．上文“However, cats have lightning-fast reflexes (本能反应) and frequently leap before they realize why, especially if something resembles the way a snake moves.(然而，猫的反应速度极快，经常在意识到为什么之前就跳起来，尤其是当某物像蛇一样移动时)”描述了猫对类似蛇的移动物体的快速反应。C选项“If they’ve never seen one, they’re correct to be suspicious!(如果它们从未见过这样的东西，那么它们产生怀疑是对的！)”承接上文，解释了猫对未知或类似危险物体的警惕和怀疑态度是合理的，因为猫可能从未见过这样的东西。故选C项。 4．上文“What can we do to naturally keep away from mice? Regarding which cat is the best for hunting mice, the cat breed is unimportant.(我们能做些什么来自然地远离老鼠呢？关于哪种猫最适合捕鼠，猫的品种并不重要)”提出了如何自然驱鼠的问题，并指出猫的品种不是关键因素。A选项“A shelter cat which had previously lived outside is a good choice.(一只以前生活在户外的流浪猫是一个不错的选择)”给出了具体的建议，即选择有过户外生活经历的流浪猫来捕鼠，与上文关于如何驱鼠的话题紧密相关。故选A项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 (24-25高二上·上海松江区·期中) Man’s Existential Dilemma We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. 1 For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his “essence”, something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man’s peculiarity still remained a dilemma. The reason it was never found, as Erich Fromm (艾瑞克·弗洛姆，精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家) put it in an excellent discussion, was that there was no essence, that the essence of man is really his paradoxical(悖论的)nature, the fact that he is half animal and half symbolic. We might call this existential paradox the condition of individuality within finitude (有限性). Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. 2 He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. This immerse expansion, this competence, this self-consciousness gives to man almost the status a small god in nature. 3 This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars’ and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. His body is a material fleshy casing that is alien to him in many ways - the strangest and most unpleasant way being that is aches and bleeds and will decay and die. Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever. The lower animals are, of course, spared this painful contradiction, as they lack a symbolic identity and the self-consciousness that goes with it. They merely act and move reflexively as they are driven by their instincts. They live in a world without time, pulsating, as it were, in a state of dumb beings. This is what has made it so simple to shoot down whole herds of buffalo or elephants. The animals don’t know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. 4 Quoted from Ernest Becker’s The Denial of Death A．But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one’s dreams makes a huge difference. B．He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity. C．Man’s body was a curse of fate and culture was built upon repression not because he was a seeker of pleasure, but because he was primarily an avoider of death. D．Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms. E．Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. F．It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，这篇文章是关于人类存在的困境。人类有一个象征性身份，使他与自然界区别开来。然而，人的身体却是有限的，与他的象征性身份相悖。 1．根据前文“We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. (我们一直都知道，人类身上有某种特殊的东西，某种内在的东西使他成为人类的特征，使他与其他动物区别开来。)”可知，此处强调人类身上的某种东西一直使其与动物区分开来。F选项“It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape.(这是一种必须直击他内心深处的东西，一种使他遭受这种特殊命运的东西，一种使他无法逃脱的东西。)”承接前文，继续强调这种让人类与动物区分的东西，符合语境。故选F。 2．根据前文“Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. (人有一种象征性的身份，使他与自然截然不同。他是一个象征性的自我，一个有名字，有生活史的生物。)”以及后文“He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. (他可以想象自己置身于太空中的某一点，沉思着自己的星球。)”可知，前后文都描述的是人类的特征。B选项“He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity.( 他是一个创造者，他的思想超越了对原子和无限的推测。)”中的he与前后文形成呼应，同时也在描述人类的特征，符合语境。故选B。 3．根据后文“This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars’ and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. (这是一个悖论：他脱离了自然，又无可奈何地融入了自然;他是双重的，在天上的星星上，却住在一个曾经属于一条鱼的、心跳加速、呼吸急促的身体里，至今还带着鳃痕来证明这一点。)”可知，人类是一个悖论，既脱离了自然又依赖于自然。D选项“Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms.(然而与此同时，人又是一条蠕虫，又是蠕虫的食物。)”引起下文，通过比喻将人类比作是蠕虫，同时又是蠕虫的食物指出人类的矛盾性以及悖论，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据前文“The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. (死亡的知觉是反思和概念化的，而动物却不必受此困扰。它们活着，然后以同样毫不在意的方式消失：几分钟的恐惧，几秒钟的痛苦，就结束了。)”可知，此处描述了人类与动物的区别在于，对于死亡的认知，因为死亡是反思和概念化的，而动物不具备这种能力，面对死亡则是几分钟的痛苦就结束了，后文应该指出人类对死亡认知的不同。A选项“But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one’s dreams makes a huge difference.( 然而，要过着被死亡命运困扰的生活，会造成极大的不同。)”可知，人类面对死亡，过着被死亡命运困扰的生活，造成人类与动物之间的极大不同，符合语境。故选A。 Passage 2 (24-25高二上·上海交大附中·期中) How Much Exercise Your Dog Really Needs Is a walk around the block or playing fetch in the backyard enough for your pooch? If your dog could talk this is what she would tell you. You’re barking up the wrong tree Family tree that is. Hundreds of years of breed-specific genetics run through your dog’s veins, and it’s best to cater to their genetics for optimal mental and physical health. 1 . On the other hand, some toy breeds, such as the Shih Tzu and Pekinese, prefer snuggle time over leash time—these breeds were bred to be lap dogs for royalty. Here’s your official guide for picking the best dog for your family. I gotta move! Sorry, a quick game of fetch while you sit on the sofa or letting your dog out in the backyard to do her business doesn’t hit the mark. And if your fur baby isn’t getting enough exercise, you’ll notice it in weight gain. 2 Sore joints lead to decreased mobility so that it can be a vicious cycle. Also, a lack of exercise can cause a ho-hum attitude towards toys and training, and serious health conditions like and diabetes. Does your pooch need to lose a few pounds? Start with these proven weight loss tips for your chunky fur baby. But keep an eye on my states 3 “You need to monitor and listen to your pet during walks and runs to make sure they’re not having trouble, ”says Jennifer Freeman, DVM, PetSmart resident veterinarian, and pet care expert. If you notice your furbaby seems totally exhausted, is panting heavily, has an altered gait, or his tongue is limp and dangling, it’s time to dial it back. And if he seems really out of it after a walk or playtime, pull back on the amount of exercise for next time. Find out the signs your “healthy” pup is sick. Could we stop and smell the roses today? No doubt, walking is a tried and true way to exercise your dog (and great for you too), but the same ole walk is nothing to howl over. Walking can serve a dual-purpose when mental stimulation is offered. “Allow your dog to sniff the ground, the bushes, trees, etc. and use the walk for training opportunities like checking in, recall, and sitting at the crosswalks,” says Erin Askeland, a certified canine behavior consultant and at Camp Bow Wow. Remember, dogs sleep between 12 to 14 hours a day and most spend their day relaxing, especially if they are left at home alone during the day or crated. 4 . A．Just like with humans, extra weight strains your pooch’s heart and joints. B．Here are some smart ways to keep your pooch occupied while you’re at the office. C．For example, dogs that were bred to herd, pull carts, or hunt will need more exercise because historically, their days were filled with activity and their bodies were made to move more often. D．Puppies seem to have limitless energy and play longer and faster than older dogs, but that doesn’t mean they’re ready for all types of exercise. E．Some dogs easily tire while others have a “can’t-stop-won’t-stop” attitude so you’ll have to watch for signs of overexertion. F．It’s important to provide mental exercise for your pup in addition to the physical. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了狗狗运动量的问题，强调了根据狗狗的品种差异确定运动量的重要性。文章还提到了缺乏运动会导致的身体和心理健康问题，以及在散步时需要提供的心理刺激。最后，提醒主人要密切观察狗狗的状态，以避免过度运动。 1．根据前文“Family tree that is. Hundreds of years of breed-specific genetics run through your dog’s veins, and it’s best to cater to their genetics for optimal mental and physical health. (那就是家谱。数百年来，特定品种的基因在你的狗的血管中流淌，为了达到最佳的心理和身体健康，最好迎合它们的基因。)”可知，此处强调数百年来，特定品种的基因在你的狗的血管中流淌，为了达到最佳的心理和身体健康，最好迎合它们的基因。后文应该对此进行举例说明。C选项“For example, dogs that were bred to herd, pull carts, or hunt will need more exercise because historically, their days were filled with activity and their bodies were made to move more often. (例如，养来放牧、拉车或打猎的狗需要更多的锻炼，因为从历史上看，它们的日子充满了活动，它们的身体被要求更频繁地移动。)”指出对于养来放牧、拉车或打猎的狗就需要迎合它们的身体基因，就应该让这些狗狗更多的锻炼。故选C。 2．根据前文“And if your fur baby isn’t getting enough exercise, you’ll notice it in weight gain. (如果你的宝宝没有得到足够的锻炼，你会注意到它的体重增加。)”可知，此处强调需要注意狗狗增重长胖的问题，后文对狗狗增重的后果加以说明。A选项“Just like with humans, extra weight strains your pooch’s heart and joints. (就像人类一样，额外的重量会使你的狗狗的心脏和关节紧张。)”指出，狗狗增重会使它的心脏和关节紧张，承接前文，符合语境。故选A。 3．根据后文的“You need to monitor and listen to your pet during walks and runs to make sure they’re not having trouble, (在散步和跑步时，你需要监控和倾听你的宠物，以确保它们没有遇到麻烦，)”以及后文的“and pet care expert. If you notice your furbaby seems totally exhausted, is panting heavily, has an altered gait, or his tongue is limp and dangling, it’s time to dial it back. (也是宠物护理专家。如果你注意到你毛茸茸的宝宝看起来筋疲力尽，喘着粗气，步态改变，或者它的舌头软弱无力，晃来晃去，是时候把它收回来了。)”可知，此处强调的是注意观察狗狗的疲劳状态。E选项“Some dogs easily tire while others have a “can’t-stop-won’t-stop” attitude so you’ll have to watch for signs of overexertion. (有些狗很容易疲劳，而另一些狗则有一种“停不下来”的态度，所以你必须注意过度劳累的迹象。)”引起下文，指出有些狗狗容易疲劳，主人必须注意过度劳累的迹象。故选E。 4．根据前文“Remember, dogs sleep between 12 to 14 hours a day and most spend their day relaxing, especially if they are left at home alone during the day or crated. ( 记住，狗狗一天睡12到14个小时，大多数狗狗一天都很放松，尤其是当它们白天独自在家或被关在笼子里的时候。)”可知，此处强调狗狗一天睡12到14个小时，大多数狗狗一天都很放松。B选项“Here are some smart ways to keep your pooch occupied while you’re at the office. (这里有一些聪明的方法，可以让你在办公室的时候让你的狗有事可做。)”承接前文，提出应该让狗狗在主人不在家的时候动起来，符合语境。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $