摘要:
该小学英语Unit 2“Helping at home”词汇清单系统梳理了家务劳动相关的核心词汇与表达,涵盖动词、名词、形容词、副词及固定搭配等知识范畴,构建了从“动作行为”到“物品名称”,再到“情感态度”的多维学习支架,助力学生在真实情境中理解与运用语言。
清单通过分类整理、分级标注和关联记忆等方式呈现知识体系,体现知识点的完整性和条理性,特别融合语言能力、思维品质和学习能力三大核心素养。例如,将“wash dishes”“sweep the floor”等高频短语设为星级重点,并用谐音口诀如“dish=弟洗”帮助学生快速识记,同时设置“对比记忆”栏目区分clean与dirty,强化逻辑思维。每词附带实用例句和场景提示,既支持学生自主复习,也便于教师精准设计任务驱动型教学活动,提升课堂效率与学习深度。
内容正文:
Unit 2 Helping at home.同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
词形变化
派生词
核心考点
例句
单词速记
1
phew /fjuː/ int. 啊,唷,唉(表轻松、惊讶等)
无词形变化
无
日常感叹用语(表达完成某事的轻松或对环境的感叹)
1. Phew! I finally finished my math homework.(啊!我终于做完数学作业了。)2. Phew, it’s so hot in the classroom.(唷,教室里好热啊。)
发音记忆:“phew”发音像“吁”,对应中文感叹语气“啊/唷”
2
wash /wɒʃ/ v. 洗
动词:三单 washes;过去式 washed;现在分词 washing
washer n. 洗衣机(小学常见)
1. wash the dishes 洗碗2. wash hands 洗手
1. I help my mom wash the dishes every evening.(我每晚帮妈妈洗碗。)2. Remember to wash hands before eating.(吃饭前记得洗手。)派生词例句:My grandma uses a new washer to wash clothes.(奶奶用新洗衣机洗衣服。)
拆分记忆:“wa(哇)+ sh(洗)”,联想“哇,该洗东西了”
3
dish /dɪʃ/ n. 盘子,碟子
名词:复数 dishes(以“sh”结尾,加 es)
dishwasher n. 洗碗机(小学常见)
1. wash the dishes 洗碗(固定搭配)2. a clean dish 一个干净的盘子
1. There are three dirty dishes in the sink.(水槽里有三个脏盘子。)2. My sister dries the dishes after I wash them.(我洗完盘子后,妹妹把它们擦干。)派生词例句:The dishwasher can clean many dishes at once.(洗碗机一次能洗很多盘子。)
谐音记忆:“dish”谐音“弟洗”,联想“弟弟帮忙洗盘子”
4
feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养,给……食物
动词:三单 feeds;过去式 fed(不规则变化);现在分词 feeding
无
1. feed the dog 喂狗2. feed the animals 喂动物
1. I feed my pet dog a bowl of rice every morning.(我每天早上给宠物狗喂一碗米饭。)2. Farmers feed cows with grass.(农民用草喂奶牛。)
谐音记忆:“feed”谐音“肥的”,联想“喂养动物让它们变肥”
5
sweep /swiːp/ v. 扫,打扫,清扫
动词:三单 sweeps;过去式 swept(不规则变化);现在分词 sweeping
无
1. sweep the floor 扫地(核心搭配)2. sweep the yard 扫庭院
1. Dad sweeps the floor every Saturday morning.(爸爸每周六早上扫地。)2. I sweep the yard to keep it tidy.(我扫庭院让它保持整洁。)
谐音记忆:“sweep”谐音“斯维普”,联想“斯维普拿着扫帚扫地”
6
floor /flɔː(r)/ n. 地板,地面
名词:复数 floors
无
1. on the floor 在地板上2. sweep the floor 扫地(搭配动词sweep)
1. My book fell on the floor just now.(我的书刚才掉在地板上了。)2. We need to sweep the floor after the party.(派对后我们要扫地。)
场景记忆:联想“floor(地板)是房间的‘地面’,能放东西、能打扫”
7
rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾(不可数名词)
无复数形式
无
1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾(固定短语)2. throw rubbish 扔垃圾
1. Can you take out the rubbish, please?(请你倒一下垃圾好吗?)2. Don’t throw rubbish on the grass.(别把垃圾扔在草地上。)
谐音记忆:“rubbish”谐音“拉比希”,联想“拉走(垃圾)比待着好”
8
chore /tʃɔː(r)/ n. 家庭杂务
名词:复数 chores
无
1. do chores 做家务(日常表达)2. daily chores 日常杂务
1. Children should learn to do chores at home.(孩子应该学会在家做家务。)2. Washing clothes and sweeping are daily chores.(洗衣服和扫地是日常杂务。)
谐音记忆:“chore”谐音“绰儿”,联想“做杂务要‘绰儿’起袖子干”
9
to-do list /ˈtuː duː lɪst/ n. 待办清单
名词:复数 to-do lists(直接加 s)
无
1. make a to-do list 列待办清单2. check the to-do list 核对待办清单
1. I make a to-do list every Sunday evening for the new week.(我每周日晚上列新一周的待办清单。)2. Let’s check the to-do list—we still need to water the flowers.(咱们核对下待办清单,还得浇花呢。)
组合记忆:“to-do(要做的)+ list(清单)”,“要做的事情清单”即“待办清单”
10
may /meɪ/ modal v. 可以(表允许)
无三单形式;过去式 might(小学阶段了解)
无
1. May I...? 我可以……吗?(请求允许,礼貌用语)2. may do sth 可以做某事
1. May I drink a glass of water, Mom?(妈妈,我可以喝杯水吗?)2. You may watch TV for 20 minutes after homework.(做完作业你可以看20分钟电视。)
用法记忆:“may表允许,开头大写提请求,如May I...”
11
outside /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/ adv. 在室外;adj. 室外的
无词形变化
无
1. play outside 在室外玩2. outside the house 在房子外面
1. It’s sunny today—let’s play outside.(今天晴天,咱们去室外玩吧。)2. There is a big tree outside my bedroom window.(我卧室窗外有一棵大树。)
拆分记忆:“out(外面)+ side(边)”,“外面的边”即“室外”
12
tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ v. 整理,收拾;adj. 整洁的
(v.)三单 tidies;过去式 tidied;(adj.)比较级 tidier;最高级 tidiest
无
1. tidy the room 整理房间2. a tidy desk 一张整洁的书桌
1. I tidy my schoolbag before going to bed.(我睡前整理书包。)2. Her desk is always tidy—she puts everything in order.(她的书桌总很整洁,所有东西都放得整齐。)
谐音记忆:“tidy”谐音“泰迪”,联想“泰迪熊整理自己的玩具”
13
easy /ˈiːzi/ adj. 容易的
形容词:比较级 easier;最高级 easiest
easily adv. 容易地(小学常见)
1. be easy 容易的(如 It’s easy.)2. easy to do sth 容易做某事
1. This English song is easy to sing.(这首英文歌容易唱。)2. It’s easy to find my home—there’s a red door.(找我家很容易,有一扇红色的门。)派生词例句:You can easily finish this task.(你能轻松完成这项任务。)
谐音记忆:“easy”谐音“易记”,联想“容易的事情好记”
14
clean /kliːn/ v. (把……)弄干净;adj. 干净的
(v.)三单 cleans;过去式 cleaned;(adj.)比较级 cleaner;最高级 cleanest
cleaner n. 清洁工(小学常见)
1. clean the desk 擦书桌2. keep clean 保持干净
1. I clean my desk every morning before class.(我每天早上上课前擦书桌。)2. We should keep our classroom clean.(我们要保持教室干净。)派生词例句:The cleaner comes to our school every day.(清洁工每天来我们学校。)
对比记忆:与“dirty(脏的)”是反义词,“clean(干净的)= 不脏的”
15
woof /wʊf/ int. 汪汪(狗吠声)
无词形变化(拟声词)
无
1. The dog says “woof”. 狗“汪汪”叫。2. hear “woof” 听到“汪汪”声
1. Listen! The dog outside is barking “woof, woof”.(听!外面的狗在“汪汪”叫。)2. My little brother imitates the dog’s “woof” sound.(我弟弟模仿狗的“汪汪”声。)
拟声记忆:直接对应狗叫的“汪汪”声,发音和声音相近
16
job /dʒɒb/ n. 任务,事情
名词:复数 jobs
无
1. do a good job 做得好2. a small job 一件小事
1. You did a good job in cleaning the room!(你整理房间做得好!)2. My mom gives me a small job—water the flowers.(妈妈给我一件小事——浇花。)
谐音记忆:“job”谐音“找不”,联想“找件小事(job)做”
17
Good job! /ɡʊd dʒɒb/ 感叹语 干得好!真不错!
无词形变化(固定短语,首字母大写)
无
日常表扬用语(夸人做事好)
1. Good job! You drew such a beautiful cat.(干得好!你画的猫真漂亮。)2. Good job! You finished all the chores on time.(真不错!你按时做完了所有杂务。)
场景记忆:“别人做好事时,说Good job!表表扬”
18
dirty /ˈdɜːti/ adj. 脏的
形容词:比较级 dirtier;最高级 dirtiest
无
1. be dirty 脏的(如 The clothes are dirty.)2. dirty clothes 脏衣服
1. My socks are dirty—I need to wash them.(我的袜子脏了,得洗了。)2. Don’t sit on the dirty floor.(别坐在脏地板上。)
对比记忆:与“clean(干净的)”是反义词,“dirty(脏的)= 不干净的”
19
desk /desk/ n. 书桌,写字台
名词:复数 desks
无
1. on the desk 在书桌上2. clean the desk 擦书桌
1. My pencil case is on my desk.(我的笔袋在书桌上。)2. I put my homework on the desk before going to school.(上学前我把作业放在书桌上。)
场景记忆:“desk(书桌)是写字、放文具的地方”
20
wall /wɔːl/ n. 墙
名词:复数 walls
无
1. on the wall 在墙上2. clean the wall 擦墙
1. There is a map of China on our classroom wall.(我们教室墙上有一张中国地图。)2. My little sister drew a flower on the wall—Mom needs to clean it.(妹妹在墙上画了朵花,妈妈得擦掉它。)
谐音记忆:“wall”谐音“沃”,联想“墙上(wall)挂地图”
21
again /əˈɡen/ adv. 又,再一次
无词形变化
无
1. again and again 反复地2. try again 再试一次
1. Read the word again and again, and you’ll remember it.(反复读这个单词,你就会记住它。)2. Don’t be sad—try again!(别难过,再试一次!)
拆分记忆:“a(再)+ gain(获得)”,“再获得一次机会”即“再一次”
22
also /ˈɔːlsəʊ/ adv. 除此之外,还
无词形变化
无
1. also + 动词(放实义动词前,be动词后)2. also like 也喜欢
1. I like apples, and I also like bananas.(我喜欢苹果,也喜欢香蕉。)2. She is good at singing, and she also dances well.(她擅长唱歌,跳舞也很好。)
对比记忆:与“too(句末)”区分,“also在句中,too在句末”
23
sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ n. 阳光(不可数名词)
无复数形式
无
1. in the sunshine 在阳光下2. warm sunshine 温暖的阳光
1. We sit in the sunshine and read books.(我们坐在阳光下看书。)2. The warm sunshine makes me feel happy.(温暖的阳光让我感到开心。)
拆分记忆:“sun(太阳)+ shine(照耀)”,“太阳照耀的光”即“阳光”
24
sometimes /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ adv. 有时
无词形变化
无
1. sometimes + 动词(表偶尔的动作)2. sometimes go 有时去
1. I sometimes go to the park with my friends.(我有时和朋友去公园。)2. My dad sometimes cooks dinner for us.(爸爸有时给我们做晚饭。)
拆分记忆:“some(一些)+ times(次数)”,“一些次数”即“有时”
25
feel /fiːl/ v. 感受到,觉得
动词:三单 feels;过去式 felt(不规则变化);现在分词 feeling
feeling n. 感觉(小学常见)
1. feel happy 感到开心2. feel tired 感到累
1. I feel happy when I play with my dog.(和狗玩的时候我感到开心。)2. She feels tired after running for 10 minutes.(跑了10分钟后她感到累。)派生词例句:I have a good feeling about today’s test.(我对今天的考试感觉不错。)
谐音记忆:“feel”谐音“非哦”,联想“非哦(非常)能感受到”
26
tired /ˈtaɪəd/ adj. 疲惫的,累的
形容词:比较级 more tired;最高级 most tired
无
1. feel tired 感到累2. be tired 累的(如 I am tired.)
1. My mom is tired after working all day.(妈妈工作了一整天,很累。)2. We feel tired but happy after the picnic.(野餐结束后我们很累,但很开心。)
谐音记忆:“tired”谐音“太饿的”,联想“累的时候容易觉得‘太饿的’”
27
helpful /ˈhelpfl/ adj. 乐于助人的
形容词:比较级 more helpful;最高级 most helpful
help v. & n. 帮助(基础词)
1. be helpful 乐于助人的2. a helpful student 一个乐于助人的学生
1. My deskmate is helpful—she often helps me with math.(我的同桌乐于助人,经常帮我补数学。)2. It’s helpful to keep a to-do list.(列待办清单很有帮助。)派生词例句:Can you help me carry this bag?(你能帮我提这个包吗?)
拆分记忆:“help(帮助)+ ful(形容词后缀)”,“爱帮助人的”即“乐于助人的”
28
warm /wɔːm/ v. (使)温暖起来;adj. 温暖的
(v.)三单 warms;过去式 warmed;(adj.)比较级 warmer;最高级 warmest
warmth n. 温暖(小学了解)
1. warm up (使)变暖2. be warm 温暖的
1. The sun warms the earth in spring.(春天太阳让地球变暖。)2. It’s warm today—we don’t need to wear coats.(今天温暖,不用穿外套。)
谐音记忆:“warm”谐音“沃姆”,联想“沃姆(温暖)的阳光”
29
warm up /wɔːm ʌp/ 短语 (使)变暖;热身
无词形变化(“warm”变化同28)
无
1. warm up hands 暖手2. warm up before sports 运动前热身
1. Rub your hands to warm them up in winter.(冬天搓手暖一暖。)2. We need to warm up before playing basketball.(打篮球前我们要热身。)
组合记忆:“warm(温暖)+ up(向上)”,“让温度向上”即“变暖/热身”
30
water /ˈwɔːtə(r)/ v. 给……浇水;n. 水(不可数)
(v.)三单 waters;过去式 watered;(n.)复数 waters(表“水域”,小学少见)
无
1. water the flowers 浇花2. drink water 喝水
1. I water the flowers in the yard every morning.(我每天早上给庭院里的花浇水。)2. We should drink enough water every day.(我们每天要喝足够的水。)
场景记忆:“water(水)能喝,也能用来浇花”
31
yard /jɑːd/ n. 庭院
名词:复数 yards
无
1. in the yard 在庭院里2. clean the yard 打扫庭院
1. My dad grows some vegetables in the yard.(爸爸在庭院里种了些蔬菜。)2. We play badminton in the yard on weekends.(我们周末在庭院里打羽毛球。)
谐音记忆:“yard”谐音“亚德”,联想“亚德在庭院里玩”
32
helper /ˈhelpə(r)/ n. 帮手;助手
名词:复数 helpers
help v. & n. 帮助(基础词)
1. a good helper 一个好帮手2. family helper 家庭帮手
1. My little brother is a good helper—he helps sweep the floor.(弟弟是个好帮手,帮着扫地。)2. The new robot can be a good family helper.(新机器人能成为好的家庭帮手。)派生词例句:I help my mom do chores every day.(我每天帮妈妈做家务。)
拆分记忆:“help(帮助)+ er(表人)”,“帮别人的人”即“帮手”
33
pick /pɪk/ v. 采,摘
动词:三单 picks;过去式 picked;现在分词 picking
无
1. pick apples 摘苹果2. pick flowers 摘花
1. We go to the orchard to pick apples in autumn.(秋天我们去果园摘苹果。)2. Don’t pick flowers in the park—it’s not allowed.(别在公园摘花,这是不允许的。)
谐音记忆:“pick”谐音“皮克”,联想“皮克(pick)摘苹果”
34
pig /pɪɡ/ n. 猪
名词:复数 pigs
无
1. a little pig 一头小猪2. feed the pig 喂猪
1. There are three little pigs on my uncle’s farm.(叔叔的农场里有三头小猪。)2. The farmer feeds the pig with corn.(农民用玉米喂猪。)
形象记忆:“pig”发音短,联想“小猪(pig)圆滚滚”
35
cow /kaʊ/ n. 奶牛
名词:复数 cows
无
1. a milk cow 一头奶牛2. feed the cow 喂奶牛
1. My grandpa has two milk cows—they give fresh milk every day.(爷爷有两头奶牛,每天产新鲜牛奶。)2. We feed the cow with grass after school.(放学后我们用草喂奶牛。)
谐音记忆:“cow”谐音“靠”,联想“靠奶牛(cow)获得牛奶”
36
cut /kʌt/ v. 修剪;切,割
动词:三单 cuts;过去式 cut(不规则变化,同原形);现在分词 cutting
无
1. cut the grass 修剪草地2. cut paper 剪纸
1. Dad cuts the grass in the yard every month.(爸爸每月修剪庭院里的草。)2. I learn to cut paper into different shapes.(我学会把纸剪成不同形状。)
谐音记忆:“cut”谐音“卡特”,联想“卡特(cut)修剪草地”
37
grass /ɡrɑːs/ n. 草地;草(不可数名词)
无复数形式
无
1. cut the grass 修剪草地2. on the grass 在草地上
1. The grass in the park is green and soft.(公园的草又绿又软。)2. Don’t walk on the grass—there’s a sign.(别在草地上走,有标识。)
场景记忆:“grass(草)是绿色的,长在草地上,需要修剪”
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