Unit3Grammar (人称代词主格和宾格)讲义2025-2026学年译林版（2024）七年级英语上册

七年级上册译林版英语讲义：Unit 3 Grammar (人称代词主格和宾格) 7A Unit 3 Grammar — 人称代词主格和宾格 学习目标 1. 掌握人称代词（Personal Pronouns）主格和宾格的定义及功能。 1. 能够正确区分并运用人称代词的主格和宾格形式。 1. 理解人称代词在句子中作主语和宾语时的位置和作用。 1. 通过练习，巩固人称代词主格和宾格的用法，提高句子结构的准确性。 知识点详解 人称代词是英语中最基本也是最常用的代词之一，用来指代人或事物。它们根据在句子中充当的成分（主语或宾语）而有不同的形式，即主格（Subjective Case）和宾格（Objective Case）。 一、人称代词主格和宾格的定义与形式 人称代词的主格形式在句子中作主语，通常位于动词之前；宾格形式在句子中作宾语，通常位于动词之后或介词之后。 人称 主格(作主语) 宾格(作宾语) 例句(中英文对照) 第一人称单数 I me I like apples. (我喜欢苹果。) My mother loves me. (我妈妈爱我。) 第二人称单数/复数 you you You are a student. (你是一名学生。) I know you. (我认识你。) 第三人称单数 he him He is my brother. (他是我的哥哥。) I help him. (我帮助他。) she her She is a teacher. (她是一名老师。) We like her. (我们喜欢她。) it it It is a cat. (它是一只猫。) I feed it. (我喂它。) 第一人称复数 we us We are friends. (我们是朋友。) He teaches us. (他教我们。) 第三人称复数 they them They are happy. (他们很高兴。) I see them. (我看见他们。) 下表详细列出了所有人称代词的主格和宾格形式： 例句解析： * I like apples. (我喜欢苹果。) - I 是主格，作动词 like 的主语。 * My mother loves me. (我妈妈爱我。) - me 是宾格，作动词 loves 的宾语。 * He is my brother. (他是我的哥哥。) - He 是主格，作动词 is 的主语。 * I help him. (我帮助他。) - him 是宾格，作动词 help 的宾语。 * We are friends. (我们是朋友。) - We 是主格，作动词 are 的主语。 * He teaches us. (他教我们。) - us 是宾格，作作动词 teaches 的宾语。 二、人称代词主格和宾格的用法规则 理解人称代词主格和宾格的用法关键在于判断其在句子中充当的成分。 1. 主格的用法： · 作主语： 位于动词之前，执行动作或表示状态。 · 例：She sings beautifully. (她唱歌很好听。) · 例：They are playing basketball. (他们正在打篮球。) · 作表语： 在系动词（如be动词）之后，与主语保持一致，但这种情况在口语中也常使用宾格。 · 例：It is I. (是我。) (书面语) · 例：It’s me. (是我。) (口语更常用) 1. 宾格的用法： · 作动词的宾语： 位于及物动词之后，接受动作。 · 例：I saw him yesterday. (我昨天看见了他。) · 例：Please tell us the story. (请把故事讲给我们听。) · 作介词的宾语： 位于介词之后。 · 例：This gift is for you. (这份礼物是给你的。) · 例：She is talking to them. (她正在和他们说话。) · 在比较状语从句中： 当省略了动词时，宾格形式更常见，尤其是在口语中。 · 例：He is taller than I. (他比我高。) (书面语) · 例：He is taller than me. (他比我高。) (口语更常用) 三、易错点与辨析 1. “and”连接的并列主语或宾语： · 当人称代词与名词或其他人称代词并列作主语时，所有代词都用主格。 · 错误：Me and Tom are friends. (我和汤姆是朋友。) · 正确：Tom and I are friends. (汤姆和我都是朋友。) · 当人称代词与名词或其他人称代词并列作宾语时，所有代词都用宾格。 · 错误：She invited Tom and I. (她邀请了汤姆和我。) · 正确：She invited Tom and me. (她邀请了汤姆和我。) 1. “It is/was + 人称代词”结构： · 在正式语体中，be动词后的人称代词用主格。 · 例：It was he who broke the window. (是他打破了窗户。) · 在非正式语体中，be动词后的人称代词用宾格更为常见。 · 例：It was him who broke the window. (是他打破了窗户。) 1. 区分 you 的单复数： · you 的主格和宾格形式相同，既可以指“你”也可以指“你们”。需要根据上下文来判断其单复数。 · 例：You are a good student. (你是个好学生。) · 例：You are all good students. (你们都是好学生。) 练习与巩固 一、单项选择 (选择最佳答案填空) 1. My mother often tells ______ stories. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 1. ______ are good friends. We often play together. A. We B. Us C. Our D. Ours 1. This is a photo of ______ and my brother. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 1. Please give ______ the book. I want to read it. A. I B. me C. my D. mine 1. —Who is that girl? —It’s ______. A. she B. her C. hers D. she is 1. My father works in a factory. ______ is a worker. A. He B. Him C. His D. He’s 1. Look at the dog! ______ is running fast. A. He B. She C. It D. They 1. The teacher asks ______ to clean the classroom. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 1. ______ and Lily are classmates. A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 1. —Is this your pen? —No, it’s not ______. It’s ______. A. my; her B. mine; hers C. me; she D. I; her 二、用括号内人称代词的适当形式填空 1. ______ (she) is a kind girl. 1. My brother and ______ (I) often play football together. 1. Can you help ______ (he) with his homework? 1. The teacher is talking to ______ (they). 1. This is for ______ (you) and ______ (I). 1. ______ (we) are going to the park. 1. Please show ______ (I) your new toy. 1. ______ (it) is a beautiful flower. 1. My parents love ______ (we) very much. 1. ______ (he) and ______ (she) are good students. 三、句型转换 (按要求转换句型) 1. He helps me. (改为否定句) ____________________________________ 1. She likes him. (改为一般疑问句) ____________________________________ 1. They are talking to us. (对划线部分提问) ____________________________________ 1. This book is for her. (改为同义句) ____________________________________ 1. I often play with him. (对划线部分提问) ____________________________________ 参考答案 一、单项选择 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. B 二、用括号内人称代词的适当形式填空 1. She 2. I 3. him 4. them 5. you; me 6. We 7. me 8. It 9. us 10. He; she 三、句型转换 1. He doesn’t help me. 2. Does she like him? 3. Who are they talking to? 4. This is her book. 5. Who do you often play with? / Whom do you often play with? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $