Unit 1 基数词与序数词 讲义 2024-2025学年译林版（2024）英语七年级下册

该初中英语译林版七年级下册Unit1语法讲义通过层级化梳理与实例解析构建基数词与序数词知识体系，按“定义-构成-应用-易错点”模块展开，用列表归纳1-100及以上基数词构成规则（如13-19加-teen、整十变-ty），用实例标注序数词特殊变化（如ninth省略e、twelfth变ve为f），清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于“讲练结合+易错突破”设计，练习涵盖单选（如日期表达“October the second”）、填空（基数词序数词转换）、改错（如“two hundreds”纠正为“two hundred”）等题型，培养语言能力（准确运用数字交流）和思维品质（分析错误提升表达）。分层练习适配不同学生，答案详解含错因分析，助力自主复习，教师可据此实施精准化单元复习教学。

七年级下册unit1译林版英语讲义 语法精讲:基数词与序数词 教学目标 知识目标: * 理解基数词和序数词的定义和基本功能。 * 掌握1-100及以上基数词的正确表达和书写。 * 掌握1-100及以上序数词的构成规则、特殊变化和正确书写。 * 了解基数词和序数词在日期、时间、楼层、编号等方面的应用。 能力目标: * 能够准确地用英语表达数字和顺序,并在日常交流中正确运用。 * 在口语和书面表达中,能够根据语境正确使用基数词和序数词,使表达更清晰、准确。 * 能够分析并纠正句子中基数词和序数词使用不当的错误,提升语言运用能力。 情感目标: * 培养学生对英语数字表达的兴趣,认识到数字在语言交流中的重要性。 * 通过对基数词和序数词的学习,增强学生运用英语进行日常交流的自信心。 语法精讲:基数词与序数词 基数词 (Cardinal Numbers) 和序数词 (Ordinal Numbers) 是英语中表示数量和顺序的词。它们在日常交流和书面表达中都非常重要。 1. 基数词 (Cardinal Numbers) (1) 定义与功能 基数词表示事物的数量,回答“多少?”(How many?) 的问题。例如:one, two, three, ten, one hundred等。 (2) 基数词的构成与读法 1. 1-12的基数词: 独立单词。 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 1. 13-19的基数词: 在个位数后加-teen。 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 1. 整十的基数词: 在个位数后加-ty。 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 1. 21-99的基数词: 整十的基数词与个位数之间用连字符“-”连接。 例:twenty-one, thirty-five, ninety-nine 1. 百位以上的基数词: hundred (百): 前面加基数词,后面不加-s。如果后面还有数字,用and连接。 例:one hundred (100), two hundred and fifty (250), three hundred and sixty-eight (368) thousand (千): 前面加基数词,后面不加-s。如果后面还有数字,用and连接。 例:one thousand (1,000), two thousand and one (2,001), five thousand six hundred (5,600) million (百万): 前面加基数词,后面不加-s。如果后面还有数字,用and连接。 例:one million (1,000,000), ten million (10,000,000) 注意: 当hundred, thousand, million表示“成百上千”、“数百万”时,后面加-s,并与of连用。 例:hundreds of people (成百上千的人), thousands of books (数千本书) 2. 序数词 (Ordinal Numbers) (1) 定义与功能 序数词表示事物的顺序,回答“第几个?”(Which one?) 的问题。例如:first, second, third, tenth, one hundredth等。序数词前通常加定冠词the。 (2) 序数词的构成与读法 1. 特殊形式: first (第一), second (第二), third (第三) 1. 4-19的序数词: 在基数词后加-th。 例:four fourth, six sixth, seven seventh, eight eighth, nine ninth (注意e的省略), ten tenth, eleven eleventh, twelve twelfth (注意ve变为f) 1. 整十的序数词: 变-ty为-tieth。 例:twenty twentieth, thirty thirtieth, forty fortieth, fifty fiftieth 1. 21-99的序数词: 整十的基数词不变,个位数变为序数词。 例:twenty-first (第21), thirty-second (第32), ninety-ninth (第99) 1. 百位以上的序数词: 只有最后一位是序数词。 例:one hundred and first (第101), two hundred and twenty-third (第223) (3) 序数词的应用 日期: 月份 + 序数词。 例:May the first (五月一日), October the second (十月二日) 楼层: 例:on the first floor (在第一层), on the second floor (在第二层) 编号: 例:Lesson One (第一课), the first lesson (第一课) 世纪、朝代、君主等: 例:the 21st century (21世纪), Queen Elizabeth the Second (伊丽莎白二世) 3. 易错点分析 基数词与序数词混淆: 未能区分数量和顺序。 错误:Today is May one. (应为:Today is May the first.) 序数词前遗漏the: 序数词前通常要加定冠词the。 错误:He is third boy in his class. (应为:He is the third boy in his class.) 序数词的拼写错误: 特别是fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, fortieth等。 错误:He is the fiveth boy. (应为:He is the fifth boy.) 基数词hundred, thousand, million的复数形式: 当它们前面有具体数字时,不加-s;当表示“成百上千”时,加-s并与of连用。 错误:Two hundreds people came. (应为:Two hundred people came.) 错误:Hundreds people came. (应为:Hundreds of people came.) 基数词与序数词在日期中的使用: 日期可以用基数词也可以用序数词,但表达方式不同。 例:October 1 (基数词) 或 October the first (序数词)。 随堂巩固练习 一、单项选择 1. There are _ students in our class. A. thirty-one B. thirty-first C. the thirty-one D. the thirty-first 1. Today is October _. A. two B. second C. the two D. the second 1. My birthday is on May _. A. five B. fifth C. the five D. the fifth 1. He lives on the _ floor. A. three B. third C. the three D. the third 1. Lesson _ is about animals. A. Six B. Sixth C. the six D. the sixth 1. There are _ of birds in the sky. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of 1. The year 2024 is the _ year of the 21st century. A. twenty-four B. twenty-fourth C. the twenty-four D. the twenty-fourth 1. My brother is _ in his class. A. nine B. ninth C. the nine D. the ninth 1. There are _ days in a week. A. seven B. seventh C. the seven D. the seventh 1. China has a history of over five _ years. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My sister is _ (twelve) years old. 1. Today is my _ (eight) birthday. 1. There are _ (forty) students in our school. 1. He is the _ (one) to finish the race. 1. We are in the _ (seven) grade. 1. The _ (three) month of the year is March. 1. There are _ (thousand) of stars in the sky. 1. My father is _ (fifty) years old. 1. This is the _ (two) time I have been here. 1. She lives on the _ (twenty-one) floor. 三、句型转换 1. Today is May 1st. (用基数词改写) _ 1. He is the first boy to come. (改为基数词) _ 1. There are 365 days in a year. (对划线部分提问) _ 1. My birthday is on October 10th. (改为一般疑问句) _ 1. Lesson Two is about sports. (用序数词改写) _ 四、改错题 下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1. Today is May one. _ 1. He is third boy in his class. _ 1. Two hundreds people came to the party. _ 1. My birthday is on the five of June. _ 1. Lesson first is very interesting. _ 答案与详解 一、单项选择 1. A 详解: students是可数名词复数,表示数量用基数词thirty-one。 1. D 详解: 日期用序数词,且前面加the。 1. D 详解: 日期用序数词,且前面加the。 1. D 详解: 楼层用序数词,且前面加the。 1. A 详解: Lesson后面接基数词表示第几课。 1. D 详解: hundreds of表示“成百上千的”。 1. B 详解: year是可数名词,表示第几年用序数词twenty-fourth。 1. D 详解: 表示排名用序数词,且前面加the。 1. A 详解: days是可数名词复数,表示数量用基数词seven。 1. A 详解: five thousand years表示“五千年”,thousand前面有具体数字时,不加-s。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. twelve 详解: 表示年龄用基数词。 1. eighth 详解: 表示第几个生日用序数词。 1. forty 详解: 表示数量用基数词。 1. first 详解: 表示第一个用序数词。 1. seventh 详解: 表示年级用序数词。 1. third 详解: 表示月份用序数词。 1. thousands 详解: thousands of表示“数千的”。 1. fifty 详解: 表示年龄用基数词。 1. second 详解: 表示第几次用序数词。 1. twenty-first 详解: 表示楼层用序数词。 三、句型转换 1. Today is May the first. 详解: 日期用序数词。 1. He is the first boy to come. 详解: 保持原意,将基数词改为序数词。 1. How many days are there in a year? 详解: 对数量提问用How many。 1. Is your birthday on October 10th? 详解: 一般疑问句将be动词提前。 1. The second lesson is about sports. 详解: Lesson后面接基数词,或序数词前加the。 四、改错题 1. 错误: Today is May one. 改正: Today is May the first. 详解: 日期用序数词,且前面加the。 1. 错误: He is third boy in his class. 改正: He is the third boy in his class. 详解: 序数词前通常要加定冠词the。 1. 错误: Two hundreds people came to the party. 改正: Two hundred people came to the party. 详解: hundred前面有具体数字时,不加-s。 1. 错误: My birthday is on the five of June. 改正: My birthday is on the fifth of June. 详解: 日期用序数词。 1. 错误: Lesson first is very interesting. 改正: Lesson One is very interesting. / The first lesson is very interesting. 详解: Lesson后面接基数词,或序数词前加the。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $