内容正文:
人教版 选择性必修 3 Unit 5 Poems.期末派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ n. 戏;剧;戏剧艺术
The school will put on a new drama about friendship next month.(学校下个月将上演一部关于友谊的新剧。)
1. dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 戏剧的;戏剧性的2. dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 戏剧地;显著地
1. Her life changed dramatically after she won the scholarship.(赢得奖学金后,她的生活发生了巨大变化。)2. The movie has a dramatic ending that surprises everyone.(这部电影的结局很有戏剧性,让所有人都意外。)
2
sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/ n. 悲伤;悲痛;伤心事;vi. 感到悲伤
She couldn’t hide her sorrow when she heard her grandma’s passing.(听到奶奶去世的消息,她掩饰不住悲伤。)
1. sorrowful /ˈsɒrəʊfl/ adj. 悲伤的;伤心的2. sorrowfully /ˈsɒrəʊfəli/ adv. 悲伤地
1. He gave her a sorrowful look and said he couldn’t stay.(他悲伤地看了她一眼,说自己不能留下。)2. She shook her head sorrowfully and walked away.(她悲伤地摇了摇头,走开了。)
3
imagery /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/ n. 形象的描述;意象;像
The poem uses vivid imagery of autumn leaves and cold winds.(这首诗用了秋叶和寒风的生动意象。)
1. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ vt. 想象;设想2. imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 想象力;想象
1. Can you imagine living on a small island alone?(你能想象独自住在小岛上的样子吗?)2. Reading fairy tales helps develop children’s imagination.(读童话有助于培养孩子的想象力。)
4
literary /ˈlɪtərəri/ adj. 文学的;爱好文学的;有文学作品特征的
He majors in literary studies and wants to be a writer.(他主修文学研究,想成为一名作家。)
1. literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学;文学作品2. literarily /ˈlɪtərərɪli/ adv. 文学上地;学术上地
1. Classic literature like Pride and Prejudice is still popular today.(《傲慢与偏见》这类经典文学作品至今仍受欢迎。)2. This novel is literarily important but hard to understand for beginners.(这部小说有重要的文学价值,但初学者很难读懂。)
5
rhyme /raɪm/ n. 押韵词;押韵的短诗;vi. & vt.(使)押韵
"Cat" and "hat" rhyme, so they are often used in children’s poems.(“Cat”和“hat”押韵,所以常出现在儿童诗歌里。)
1. rhyming /ˈraɪmɪŋ/ adj. 押韵的2. rhymer /ˈraɪmə(r)/ n. 押韵诗人;作诗者(补充)
1. The teacher asked us to write a rhyming poem for homework.(老师让我们写一首押韵诗作为作业。)2. He is a talented rhymer who can make up poems quickly.(他是个有天赋的押韵诗人,能快速作诗。)
6
rhythm /ˈrɪðəm/ n. 节奏;韵律;规律
The song has a lively rhythm that makes people want to dance.(这首歌节奏欢快,让人想跳舞。)
1. rhythmic /ˈrɪðmɪk/ adj. 有节奏的;有韵律的2. rhythmically /ˈrɪðmɪkli/ adv. 有节奏地;有韵律地
1. She tapped her foot in a rhythmic way to the music.(她跟着音乐有节奏地踮着脚。)2. The drums beat rhythmically throughout the concert.(整场音乐会中,鼓声都有节奏地敲击着。)
7
nursery /ˈnɜːsəri/ adj. 幼儿教育的;n. 托儿所;保育室
My 3-year-old brother goes to a nursery near our community.(我3岁的弟弟在社区附近的托儿所上学。)
1. nurse /nɜːs/ n. 护士;保姆;vt. 照顾;护理2. nursing /ˈnɜːsɪŋ/ n. 护理;养育;adj. 护理的
1. She wants to be a nurse to help sick people.(她想当一名护士,帮助生病的人。)2. Nursing is a tiring but meaningful job.(护理工作很累但很有意义。)
8
folk /fəʊk/ adj. 民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的
We learned a lot of folk stories from our grandparents.(我们从祖父母那里听了很多民间故事。)
1. folklore /ˈfəʊklɔː(r)/ n. 民间传说;民俗2. folk song /fəʊk sɒŋ/ n. 民歌(补充)
1. Chinese folklore includes many stories about dragons.(中国民俗包含很多关于龙的故事。)2. She sang a traditional folk song at the school party.(她在学校聚会上唱了一首传统民歌。)
9
recite /rɪˈsaɪt/ vt. 背诵;吟诵;列举
The student can recite more than 50 ancient Chinese poems.(这个学生能背诵50多首中国古诗。)
1. recitation /ˌresɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 背诵;朗诵2. reciter /rɪˈsaɪtə(r)/ n. 背诵者;朗诵者(补充)
1. There will be a poetry recitation competition next week.(下周将有一场诗歌朗诵比赛。)2. He was chosen as the best reciter in the competition.(他被选为比赛中的最佳朗诵者。)
10
amateur /ˈæmətə(r)/ n. 业余爱好者;adj. 业余的;业余爱好的
He is an amateur painter who paints landscapes in his free time.(他是个业余画家,空闲时画风景画。)
1. amateurish /ˌæməˈtɜːrɪʃ/ adj. 业余的;不熟练的2. amateurism /ˈæmətərɪzəm/ n. 业余水平;业余身份
1. His painting skills are still amateurish but improving.(他的绘画技巧还很业余,但在进步。)2. The team was criticized for its lack of professionalism and amateurism.(这支队伍因缺乏专业性和业余水平而受到批评。)
11
mood /muːd/ n. 情绪;心情;语气
She is in a bad mood today because she missed the bus.(她今天心情不好,因为没赶上公交车。)
1. moody /ˈmuːdi/ adj. 情绪多变的;喜怒无常的2. moodily /ˈmuːdili/ adv. 情绪多变地
1. He gets moody when he doesn’t get enough sleep.(他睡眠不足时会变得喜怒无常。)2. She sat by the window moodily, not talking to anyone.(她闷闷不乐地坐在窗边,不跟任何人说话。)
12
tease /tiːz/ vi. & vt. 取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄
The boys often tease her about her curly hair.(男生们经常取笑她的卷发。)
1. teasing /ˈtiːzɪŋ/ adj. 取笑的;逗弄的;n. 取笑2. teaser /ˈtiːzə(r)/ n. 戏弄者;难题
1. His teasing words made her eyes fill with tears.(他的取笑让她眼里满是泪水。)2. The math problem is a real teaser that no one can solve.(这道数学题真难,没人能做出来。)
13
syllable /ˈsɪləbl/ n. 音节
The word “beautiful” has three syllables: beau-ti-ful.(“beautiful”有三个音节:beau-ti-ful。)
1. syllabic /sɪˈlæbɪk/ adj. 音节的;关于音节的2. syllabification /sɪˌlæbɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 音节划分(补充)
1. The teacher explained the syllabic structure of English words.(老师讲解了英语单词的音节结构。)2. Syllabification is an important part of learning pronunciation.(音节划分是学习发音的重要部分。)
14
respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别;各自;依次为
Tom and Lucy scored 95 and 92 in the English exam respectively.(汤姆和露西的英语考试成绩分别是95分和92分。)
respective /rɪˈspektɪv/ adj. 分别的;各自的
After the meeting, they went back to their respective offices.(会议结束后,他们回到了各自的办公室。)
15
respective /rɪˈspektɪv/ adj. 分别的;各自的
Each student has their respective duties in the class.(班里每个学生都有各自的职责。)
respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv. 分别;各自
The two companies were founded in 1990 and 2000 respectively.(这两家公司分别成立于1990年和2000年。)
16
blossom /ˈblɒsəm/ n. 花朵;花簇
The cherry blossoms in the park are in full bloom now.(公园里的樱花正在盛开。)
1. blossoming /ˈblɒsəmɪŋ/ adj. 盛开的;发展中的;n. 开花2. blossom /ˈblɒsəm/ vi. 开花(补充动词义)
1. The company is in a blossoming stage of development.(这家公司正处于蓬勃发展的阶段。)2. The apple trees in our garden blossom every spring.(我们花园里的苹果树每年春天都会开花。)
17
delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 精美的;精致的;脆弱的
She wears a delicate silver necklace that her mother gave her.(她戴着一条妈妈送的精致银项链。)
1. delicately /ˈdelɪkətli/ adv. 精致地;脆弱地2. delicacy /ˈdelɪkəsi/ n. 精美;精致;佳肴
1. She held the fragile glass delicately with both hands.(她用双手小心翼翼地捧着易碎的玻璃杯。)2. This seafood dish is a local delicacy that tourists love.(这道海鲜是当地的特色美食,游客都很喜欢。)
18
revolve /rɪˈvɒlv/ vi. 旋转;环绕;转动
The Earth revolves around the Sun once a year.(地球每年绕太阳旋转一周。)
1. revolution /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ n. 革命;旋转2. revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri/ adj. 革命的;n. 革命者
1. The French Revolution had a great impact on European history.(法国大革命对欧洲历史产生了重大影响。)2. He made a revolutionary invention that changed people’s lives.(他的革命性发明改变了人们的生活。)
19
utter /ˈʌtə(r)/ vt. 出声;说;讲;adj. 完全的;十足的
She uttered a soft “thank you” and left quietly.(她轻声说了句“谢谢”,然后安静地离开了。)
1. utterly /ˈʌtəli/ adv. 完全地;彻底地2. utterance /ˈʌtərəns/ n. 话语;表达
1. I am utterly confused by his complicated explanation.(他复杂的解释让我完全困惑了。)2. His utterance of the secret surprised everyone in the room.(他说出这个秘密,让屋里所有人都很意外。)
20
comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/ n. 理解力;领悟力;理解练习
The reading comprehension part of the English exam is challenging.(英语考试的阅读理解部分很有挑战性。)
1. comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/ vt. 理解;领悟2. comprehensive /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ adj. 全面的;综合的
1. I can’t comprehend why he would refuse such a good offer.(我不明白他为什么会拒绝这么好的机会。)2. The school offers a comprehensive course on world history.(学校开设了一门全面的世界历史课程。)
21
core /kɔː(r)/ n. 核心;精髓;(水果的)核儿
The core of his argument is that we need to protect the environment.(他论点的核心是我们需要保护环境。)
1. coreless /ˈkɔːləs/ adj. 无核的2. core /kɔː(r)/ adj. 核心的(补充形容词义)
1. These coreless apples are very popular with children.(这些无核苹果很受孩子们欢迎。)2. We need to focus on the core issues of the problem.(我们需要关注问题的核心部分。)
22
blank /blæŋk/ adj. 空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的;n. 空白;空格
Please fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb.(请用动词的正确形式填空。)
1. blankly /ˈblæŋkli/ adv. 茫然地;无表情地2. blankness /ˈblæŋknəs/ n. 空白;茫然
1. He stared blankly at the blackboard, not listening to the teacher.(他茫然地盯着黑板,没听老师讲课。)2. The blankness of the page made her unable to start writing.(页面的空白让她无从下笔。)
23
verse /vɜːs/ n. 诗;韵文;诗节
This poem has six verses, each describing a different season.(这首诗有六节,每节描述一个不同的季节。)
1. versatile /ˈvɜːsətaɪl/ adj. 多才多艺的;多用途的2. verse /vɜːs/ vt. 作诗;用诗表达(补充动词义)
1. She is a versatile artist who can sing, dance and paint.(她是个多才多艺的艺术家,会唱歌、跳舞和画画。)2. He often verses about the beauty of his hometown.(他经常写诗赞美家乡的美。)
24
civilian /səˈvɪliən/ n. 平民;老百姓
During the war, many civilians had to flee their homes.(战争期间,许多平民不得不逃离家园。)
1. civil /ˈsɪvl/ adj. 公民的;民事的;文明的2. civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 文明;文化
1. We should have civil discussions even when we disagree.(即使意见不同,我们也应该文明讨论。)2. Ancient Egypt had a highly developed civilization.(古埃及有高度发达的文明。)
25
prose /prəʊz/ n. 散文
He prefers writing prose to poetry because it’s more flexible.(他喜欢写散文胜过诗歌,因为散文更灵活。)
1. prosaic /prəˈzeɪɪk/ adj. 平淡的;散文式的2. prose writer /prəʊz ˈraɪtə/ n. 散文作家(补充)
1. His speech was too prosaic and failed to attract the audience.(他的演讲太平淡,没能吸引听众。)2. Lu Xun is a famous prose writer in Chinese literature.(鲁迅是中国文学史上著名的散文作家。)
26
sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ adj. 同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
The teacher was sympathetic to her situation and gave her extra time.(老师很同情她的处境,给了她额外的时间。)
1. sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情;赞同2. sympathize /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/ vi. 同情;赞同
1. I have great sympathy for people who lost their homes in the flood.(我对在洪水中失去家园的人深表同情。)2. I can sympathize with your frustration—this problem is really hard.(我能理解你的沮丧,这道题确实很难。)
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sympathy /ˈsɪmpəθi/ n. 同情;赞同
She received a lot of sympathy from her friends after her loss.(遭遇损失后,她从朋友那里得到了很多安慰。)
1. sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/ adj. 同情的;有同情心的2. sympathize /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/ vi. 同情;支持
1. He gave her a sympathetic smile and patted her shoulder.(他同情地笑了笑,拍了拍她的肩膀。)2. Most people sympathize with the idea of protecting animals.(大多数人支持保护动物的理念。)
28
version /ˈvɜːʃn/ n. 版本;(从不同角度的)说法
There are two versions of this story—no one knows which is true.(这个故事有两个版本,没人知道哪个是真的。)
1. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ vt. 核实;查证2. version /ˈvɜːʃn/ vt. 改编;改写(补充动词义)
1. Please verify your identity by showing your ID card.(请出示身份证核实身份。)2. The novel was versioned into a movie last year.(这本小说去年被改编成了电影。)
29
innocence /ˈɪnəsns/ n. 天真;单纯;无罪
Her innocence made her believe everyone was kind to her.(她的天真让她相信每个人都对她很好。)
1. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的2. innocently /ˈɪnəsntli/ adv. 天真地;无辜地
1. The innocent child didn’t realize he was being tricked.(这个天真的孩子没意识到自己被骗了。)2. She looked at him innocently, not knowing what he was angry about.(她无辜地看着他,不知道他在气什么。)
30
innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的;无恶意的
He was proved innocent after new evidence was found.(新证据出现后,他被证明是无辜的。)
1. innocence /ˈɪnəsns/ n. 天真;单纯;无罪2. innocently /ˈɪnəsntli/ adv. 天真地;无辜地
1. The little girl’s innocence touched everyone around her.(小女孩的天真感动了身边所有人。)2. He innocently asked why they were all staring at him.(他天真地问为什么大家都盯着他看。)
31
correspondence /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns/ n. 来往信件;通信联系
They kept up a correspondence for over 10 years.(他们保持通信联系超过10年了。)
1. correspond /ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ vi. 相一致;通信2. corresponding /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndɪŋ/ adj. 相应的;符合的
1. His actions do not correspond with his promises.(他的行动与承诺不一致。)2. The corresponding numbers in the two lists must match.(两个列表中的对应数字必须一致。)
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correspond /ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd/ vi. 相一致;符合;相当于;通信
The results of the experiment correspond with our predictions.(实验结果与我们的预测一致。)
1. correspondence /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns/ n. 来往信件;通信联系2. corresponding /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndɪŋ/ adj. 相应的;对应的
1. I have a lot of correspondence to answer this weekend.(这个周末我有很多信件要回复。)2. Please fill in the corresponding information in the table below.(请在下面的表格中填写相应信息。)
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sow /səʊ/ vt. & vi. (sowed, sown/sowed) 播种;种
Farmers usually sow wheat seeds in autumn.(农民通常在秋天播小麦种子。)
1. sowing /ˈsəʊɪŋ/ n. 播种;adj. 播种的2. sower /ˈsəʊə(r)/ n. 播种者
1. The sowing season is very busy for farmers.(播种季节对农民来说很忙。)2. The old man is known as a hardworking sower in the village.(这位老人是村里出了名的勤劳播种人。)
34
seed /siːd/ n. 种子;起源;萌芽
We planted sunflower seeds in the garden last spring.(去年春天我们在花园里种了向日葵种子。)
1. seedless /ˈsiːdləs/ adj. 无籽的2. seedy /ˈsiːdi/ adj. 多籽的;破旧的
1. Seedless watermelons are more expensive but easier to eat.(无籽西瓜更贵但吃起来更方便。)2. The old hotel on the corner looks seedy and unwelcoming.(街角的老旅馆看起来破旧,不招人喜欢。)
35
dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj. 首要的;占支配地位的;显著的
Red is the dominant color in this painting, making it eye-catching.(红色是这幅画的主色调,让它很醒目。)
1. dominate /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ vt. & vi. 支配;控制;占优势2. dominance /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ n. 支配;优势
1. The company dominates the smartphone market in this country.(这家公司在该国的智能手机市场占据主导地位。)2. His team maintained its dominance in the league for three years.(他的队伍在联赛中保持了三年的优势。)
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contest /ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛;竞赛;竞争;/kənˈtest/ vt. 争取赢得;争辩
There will be a singing contest in our school next month.(下个月我们学校将举办一场歌唱比赛。)
1. contestant /kənˈtestənt/ n. 参赛者;竞争者2. contest /kənˈtest/ vi. 竞争;争辩(补充动词义)
1. Over 200 contestants took part in the English speech contest.(超过200名参赛者参加了英语演讲比赛。)2. They contested for the first prize in the math competition.(他们在数学竞赛中争夺一等奖。)
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polish /ˈpɒlɪʃ/ vt. 修改;润色;抛光;n. 上光剂;抛光
She spent hours polishing her essay before submitting it.(提交前,她花了几个小时润色作文。)
1. polished /ˈpɒlɪʃt/ adj. 抛光的;娴熟的;润色好的2. polisher /ˈpɒlɪʃə(r)/ n. 抛光工;磨光机(补充)
1. His English is very polished because he studied abroad.(他的英语很娴熟,因为他在国外留过学。)2. The floor looks shiny after being cleaned with a polisher.(用磨光机清洁后,地板看起来很亮。)
38
string /strɪŋ/ n. 细绳;线;一串;vt. (strung, strung) 悬挂;系;adj. 弦乐器的
She used a string to tie the small box.(她用一根绳子系住了小盒子。)
1. stringy /ˈstrɪŋi/ adj. 多筋的;纤维多的;细长的2. string /strɪŋ/ n. 一串(补充义)
1. The meat was too stringy and hard to chew.(这肉太筋道,很难嚼。)2. He bought a string of pearls for his wife’s birthday.(他给妻子买了一串珍珠作为生日礼物。)
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barren /ˈbærən/ adj. 贫瘠的;不结果实的
The land in this area is too barren to grow crops.(这个地区的土地太贫瘠,种不了庄稼。)
1. barrenness /ˈbærənnəs/ n. 贫瘠;不毛2. barren /ˈbærən/ adj. 无成果的(补充义)
1. The barrenness of the desert makes it hard for plants to survive.(沙漠的贫瘠让植物很难存活。)2. Their efforts to solve the problem were barren of results.(他们解决问题的努力没有取得任何成果。)
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grief /ɡriːf/ n. 悲伤;悲痛;伤心事
She was overcome with grief when her father passed away.(父亲去世时,她悲痛欲绝。)
1. grieve /ɡriːv/ vt. & vi. 使悲伤;哀悼2. grievous /ˈɡriːvəs/ adj. 严重的;使人悲痛的
1. They grieved for their lost son for a long time.(他们为失去的儿子悲痛了很久。)2. The accident caused grievous injuries to the driver.(这场事故给司机造成了严重的伤害。)
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complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj. 复杂的;难懂的
This math problem is too complicated for me to solve alone.(这道数学题太复杂,我一个人解不出来。)
1. complicate /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt/ vt. 使复杂;使难懂2. complication /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 复杂情况;并发症
1. His refusal to cooperate complicated the whole plan.(他拒绝合作,让整个计划变得复杂。)2. A new complication arose when the main actor got sick.(主演生病后,出现了新的复杂情况。)
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variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/ n. 变化;变体;变奏曲
There are many variations of this traditional folk dance.(这种传统民间舞蹈有很多变体。)
1. vary /ˈveəri/ vt. & vi. 变化;改变2. various /ˈveəriəs/ adj. 各种各样的;不同的
1. The price of vegetables varies with the seasons.(蔬菜的价格随季节变化。)2. She bought various kinds of snacks for the party.(她为聚会买了各种各样的零食。)
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racial /ˈreɪʃl/ adj. 种族的;人种的
We should fight against all forms of racial discrimination.(我们应该反对一切形式的种族歧视。)
1. race /reɪs/ n. 种族;赛跑;vt. & vi. 赛跑;竞赛2. racism /ˈreɪsɪzəm/ n. 种族主义;种族歧视
1. People of all races should be treated equally.(所有种族的人都应该被平等对待。)2. Racism is a serious social problem that needs to be solved.(种族主义是一个需要解决的严重社会问题。)
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prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ n. 偏见;成见;vt. 使怀有偏见
He has a prejudice against people who wear tattoos.(他对有纹身的人有偏见。)
1. prejudiced /ˈpredʒʊdɪst/ adj. 有偏见的;有成见的2. prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ vt. 损害;不利于(补充义)
1. She is prejudiced against people from rural areas.(她对农村来的人有偏见。)2. His bad behavior prejudiced others’ opinions of him.(他的不良行为影响了别人对他的看法。)
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