内容正文:
人教版 选择性必修 3 Unit 4 Adversity and courage.期末派生法背记单词
序号
原词
例句
派生词
例句
1
adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n. 困境;逆境
Facing adversity bravely can make people stronger.(勇敢面对困境能让人变得更坚强。)
adverse /ˈædvɜːs/ adj. 不利的;有害的
The adverse weather conditions forced us to cancel the outdoor activity.(不利的天气条件迫使我们取消了户外活动。)
2
bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. 严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的
The coffee is too bitter for me—I need to add some sugar.(这咖啡对我来说太苦了,我得加些糖。)
1. bitterly /ˈbɪtəli/ adv. 痛苦地;激烈地2. bitterness /ˈbɪtənəs/ n. 苦味;痛苦
1. She cried bitterly when she heard the bad news.(听到坏消息时,她痛苦地哭了。)2. The bitterness of the medicine made it hard to swallow.(药的苦味让它很难咽下去。)
3
endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 忍耐力;耐久力
Long-distance running requires great physical endurance.(长跑需要很强的身体耐力。)
endure /ɪnˈdjʊə(r)/ vt. & vi. 忍受;忍耐
He had to endure great pain after the accident.(事故后,他不得不忍受巨大的疼痛。)
4
vigour /ˈvɪɡə(r); NAmE ˈvɪɡər/ n. 精力;力量;活力
Young people are usually full of vigour and enthusiasm.(年轻人通常充满活力和热情。)
1. vigorous /ˈvɪɡərəs/ adj. 精力充沛的;有力的2. vigorously /ˈvɪɡərəsli/ adv. 精力充沛地
1. He takes vigorous exercise every morning to keep fit.(他每天早上进行剧烈运动来保持健康。)2. The team argued vigorously about the new project plan.(团队就新的项目计划激烈地争论。)
5
qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
She is qualified for the job because she has five years of experience.(她有五年经验,能胜任这份工作。)
1. qualify /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ vt. & vi.(使)具有资格;限定2. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 资格;学历
1. Passing this exam will qualify you to work as a teacher.(通过这场考试,你将获得当老师的资格。)2. She has all the necessary qualifications for the position.(她具备这个职位所需的所有资格条件。)
6
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的;热心的
The students are enthusiastic about the new science course.(学生们对这门新的科学课程很热心。)
1. enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/ n. 热情;热心2. enthusiastically /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪkli/ adv. 热情地
1. Her enthusiasm for music inspired all her classmates.(她对音乐的热情激励了所有同学。)2. The audience clapped enthusiastically after the performance.(表演结束后,观众热情地鼓掌。)
7
assign /əˈsaɪn/ vt. 分派;布置;分配
The teacher assigned us a lot of homework for the weekend.(老师给我们布置了很多周末作业。)
assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ n. 任务;作业;分配
I need to finish my math assignment before going to bed.(睡觉前我得完成数学作业。)
8
envy /ˈenvi/ vt. & n. 羡慕;妒忌
I envy her because she can speak three foreign languages fluently.(我羡慕她,因为她能流利地说三种外语。)
1. envious /ˈenviəs/ adj. 羡慕的;妒忌的2. enviously /ˈenviəsli/ adv. 羡慕地
1. They looked at the rich man’s new car with envious eyes.(他们用羡慕的目光看着那个富人的新车。)2. She stared enviously at her friend’s beautiful dress.(她羡慕地盯着朋友漂亮的裙子。)
9
abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 舍弃;抛弃;放弃
The sailors had to abandon the sinking ship.(水手们不得不放弃正在沉没的船。)
1. abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/ n. 抛弃;放弃2. abandoned /əˈbændənd/ adj. 被抛弃的;放纵的
1. The abandonment of the project made many workers lose their jobs.(项目的放弃让很多工人失业了。)2. We found an abandoned house in the deep forest.(我们在深林里发现了一座废弃的房子。)
10
blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ n. 毯子
My mother gave me a warm blanket to keep me from catching a cold.(妈妈给了我一条暖和的毯子,防止我感冒。)
blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ vt. 覆盖
Heavy snow blanketed the whole village overnight.(一夜之间,大雪覆盖了整个村庄。)
11
belongings /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ n. [pl.] 财物;动产
Please take care of your personal belongings when taking the train.(坐火车时请保管好个人财物。)
1. belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/ vi. 属于2. belonging /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ n. 归属
1. This book belongs to my sister—her name is on the cover.(这本书是我姐姐的,封面上有她的名字。)2. She has a strong sense of belonging to her hometown.(她对家乡有很强的归属感。)
12
miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/ adj. 痛苦的;令人难受的
He felt miserable after failing the important exam.(重要考试失利后,他感到很痛苦。)
1. misery /ˈmɪzəri/ n. 痛苦;苦难2. miserably /ˈmɪzrəbli/ adv. 痛苦地
1. The war brought great misery to the local people.(战争给当地人民带来了巨大的苦难。)2. He lived miserably alone in the small house.(他独自一人在小房子里痛苦地生活。)
13
navy /ˈneɪvi/ n. 海军;海军部队
His father served in the navy for ten years.(他父亲在海军服役了十年。)
naval /ˈneɪvl/ adj. 海军的
The country has built a new naval base on the coast.(这个国家在海岸线上建了一个新的海军基地。)
14
decent /ˈdiːsnt/ adj. 相当不错的;正派的;得体的
We had a decent meal at the new restaurant downtown.(我们在市中心的新餐厅吃了一顿不错的饭。)
1. decently /ˈdiːsntli/ adv. 得体地;相当好地2. decency /ˈdiːsnsi/ n. 得体;正派
1. She dressed decently for the formal party.(她为正式派对穿得很得体。)2. He always behaves with decency and respect for others.(他做事总是得体,尊重他人。)
15
cosy /ˈkəʊzi/ adj. 温馨的;舒适的
We sat by the fire in the cosy living room and chatted.(我们坐在温馨的客厅里,围着炉火聊天。)
1. cosily /ˈkəʊzili/ adv. 舒适地2. cosiness /ˈkəʊzinəs/ n. 舒适
1. The cat curled up cosily on the soft sofa.(猫舒适地蜷缩在柔软的沙发上。)2. I love the cosiness of my small bedroom.(我喜欢我小卧室里的舒适感。)
16
selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的
It’s selfish of him to take all the cookies for himself.(他把所有饼干都留给自己,太自私了。)
1. selfishness /ˈselfɪʃnəs/ n. 自私2. selfishly /ˈselfɪʃli/ adv. 自私地
1. His selfishness made him lose many good friends.(他的自私让他失去了很多好朋友。)2. She acted selfishly and didn’t care about others’ feelings.(她做事自私,不考虑别人的感受。)
17
good/bad-tempered /ɡʊd/ /bæd ˈtempəd/ adj. 脾气好的/坏的
My grandmother is always good-tempered and never gets angry.(我奶奶脾气总是很好,从不生气。)
temper /ˈtempə(r)/ n. 脾气;vt. 使缓和
1. He has a bad temper and often argues with his family.(他脾气不好,经常和家人吵架。)2. She tried to temper her anger when talking to the child.(和孩子说话时,她努力克制自己的怒火。)
18
genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的;真诚的;可信赖的
She gave me a genuine smile when I helped her.(我帮她时,她给了我一个真诚的微笑。)
1. genuinely /ˈdʒenjuɪnli/ adv. 真诚地;真正地2. genuineness /ˈdʒenjuɪnnəs/ n. 真诚;真实性
1. He genuinely cares about the welfare of his students.(他真诚地关心学生的福祉。)2. The genuineness of her kindness made everyone like her.(她善良的真实性让所有人都喜欢她。)
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perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
With great perseverance, she finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor.(凭借强大的毅力,她最终实现了当医生的梦想。)
1. persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r)/ vi. 坚持;孜孜以求2. persevering /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərɪŋ/ adj. 坚持不懈的
1. We must persevere in our efforts to protect the environment.(我们必须坚持努力保护环境。)2. He is a persevering student who studies hard every day.(他是个坚持不懈的学生,每天都努力学习。)
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persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r)/ vi. 坚持;孜孜以求
You need to persevere if you want to master a foreign language.(想掌握一门外语,你需要坚持。)
1. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力;韧性2. persevering /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərɪŋ/ adj. 坚持不懈的
1. Her perseverance helped her get through the difficult times.(她的毅力帮她度过了艰难时期。)2. The persevering scientist spent ten years on his research.(这位坚持不懈的科学家花了十年时间做研究。)
21
resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ vi. & vt. 决定;决心;解决(问题或困难);n. 决心;坚定的信念
She resolved to study harder after failing the math test.(数学考试失利后,她决心更努力学习。)
1. resolved /rɪˈzɒlvd/ adj. 坚决的;下定决心的2. resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ n. 决议;解决;坚定
1. He is resolved to finish the work before the deadline.(他下定决心在截止日期前完成工作。)2. The company made a resolution to improve its product quality.(公司下定决心提高产品质量。)
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resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ n. 决议;解决;坚定
My New Year’s resolution is to read 50 books this year.(我的新年决心是今年读50本书。)
1. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ vi. & vt. 决定;决心;解决2. resolute /ˈrezəluːt/ adj. 坚决的
1. We need to resolve this problem as soon as possible.(我们需要尽快解决这个问题。)2. She has a resolute attitude towards achieving her goals.(她对实现目标有坚定的态度。)
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cruel /ˈkruːəl/ adj. 残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的
It’s cruel to treat animals in such a violent way.(用这么暴力的方式对待动物太残忍了。)
1. cruelly /ˈkruːəli/ adv. 残酷地;残忍地2. cruelty /ˈkruːəlti/ n. 残酷;残忍
1. The prisoners were treated cruelly by their guards.(囚犯们受到看守的残酷对待。)2. We should fight against cruelty to children.(我们应该反对对儿童的残忍行为。)
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thorough /ˈθʌrə/ adj. 深入的;彻底的;细致的
The police made a thorough investigation into the accident.(警方对这起事故进行了彻底调查。)
1. thoroughly /ˈθʌrəli/ adv. 彻底地;完全地2. thoroughness /ˈθʌrənəs/ n. 彻底;细致
1. You should clean the room thoroughly before the guests arrive.(客人来之前,你应该彻底打扫房间。)2. The thoroughness of his work won him praise from his boss.(他工作的细致为他赢得了老板的表扬。)
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furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/ n. 家具
We bought new furniture for our new house last week.(上周我们为新房子买了新家具。)
furnish /ˈfɜːnɪʃ/ vt. 布置;提供
The hotel room is furnished with modern and comfortable beds.(酒店房间配备了现代舒适的床。)
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unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 不幸地;遗憾地
Unfortunately, I missed the last bus and had to walk home.(不幸的是,我错过了末班车,只好走路回家。)
unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənət/ adj. 不幸的;遗憾的
It was an unfortunate accident that no one expected.(这是一场没人预料到的不幸事故。)
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fortunately /ˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 幸运地
Fortunately, I passed the exam with a high score.(幸运的是,我高分通过了考试。)
1. fortunate /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ adj. 幸运的2. fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ n. 运气;财富
1. She is fortunate to have such a supportive family.(她很幸运,有一个如此支持她的家庭。)2. He made a big fortune by investing in real estate.(他通过投资房地产赚了一大笔钱。)
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damp /dæmp/ adj. 潮湿的;湿气重的
The basement is always damp, so we can’t store books there.(地下室总是很潮湿,所以我们不能在那里放书。)
1. dampness /ˈdæmpnəs/ n. 潮湿2. damply /ˈdæmpli/ adv. 潮湿地
1. The dampness in the air made the walls moldy.(空气中的湿气让墙壁长了霉。)2. The clothes hung damply on the line after the rain.(雨后,衣服湿漉漉地挂在绳子上。)
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recreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/ n. 娱乐;消遣;游戏
Playing basketball is my favorite form of recreation.(打篮球是我最喜欢的娱乐方式。)
1. recreational /ˌrekriˈeɪʃənl/ adj. 娱乐的;消遣的2. recreate /ˌrekriˈeɪt/ vt. & vi. 娱乐;消遣
1. The park has many recreational facilities for children.(这个公园有很多儿童娱乐设施。)2. We often go hiking on weekends to recreate ourselves.(我们周末经常去徒步旅行放松自己。)
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guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导;引导;导航
The students need the teacher’s guidance to solve this difficult problem.(学生们需要老师的指导来解决这道难题。)
1. guide /ɡaɪd/ vt. & vi. 指导;引导;n. 向导;指南2. guided /ˈɡaɪdɪd/ adj. 有指导的(补充核心)
1. She guided the tourists around the ancient city.(她带领游客参观这座古城。)2. We took a guided tour of the museum last Sunday.(上周日我们参加了博物馆的有导游讲解的游览。)
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advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ n. 广告活动;广告业
The company spent a lot of money on advertising its new product.(这家公司花了很多钱为新产品做广告宣传。)
1. advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vi. & vt. 公布;宣传;做广告2. advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告(缩写ad)
1. The restaurant advertises its special dishes on social media.(这家餐厅在社交媒体上宣传特色菜。)2. I saw an advertisement for a new phone on TV last night.(昨晚我在电视上看到一则新手机广告。)
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advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vi. & vt. 公布;宣传;做广告
They plan to advertise the concert in local newspapers.(他们计划在当地报纸上宣传这场音乐会。)
1. advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ n. 广告活动;广告业2. advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ n. 广告(缩写ad)
1. Advertising plays an important role in promoting products.(广告在推广产品方面起着重要作用。)2. This advertisement attracts many customers to the store.(这则广告吸引了很多顾客来店里。)
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corporate /ˈkɔːpərət/ adj. 公司的;法人的;社团的
The company held a corporate meeting to discuss its future plans.(这家公司召开了一次公司会议,讨论未来计划。)
corporation /ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn/ n. 公司;法人团体
Microsoft is a large multinational corporation.(微软是一家大型跨国公司。)
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rough /rʌf/ adj. 汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的
The sea was too rough for us to go boating.(海面上风浪太大,我们没法划船。)
1. roughly /ˈrʌfli/ adv. 粗略地;粗暴地2. roughness /ˈrʌfnəs/ n. 粗糙;粗暴
1. Roughly 500 people attended the meeting yesterday.(昨天大约有500人参加了会议。)2. The roughness of the wood made my hands sore.(木头的粗糙让我的手很疼。)
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navigator /ˈnævɪɡeɪtə/ n. 领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
The ship’s navigator used a map to find the right direction.(船上的领航员用地图确定正确的方向。)
1. navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ vt. & vi. 导航;航行2. navigable /ˈnævɪɡəbl/ adj. 可航行的
1. The pilot navigated the plane through the thick fog.(飞行员驾驶飞机穿过浓雾。)2. This river is navigable only in summer when the water level is high.(这条河只有在夏季水位高时才可航行。)
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loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/ adj. 忠诚的;忠实的
The dog remained loyal to its owner even after he died.(即使主人去世了,这只狗仍然对他忠诚。)
1. loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/ n. 忠诚;忠心2. loyally /ˈlɔɪəli/ adv. 忠诚地
1. His loyalty to the country never changed.(他对国家的忠诚从未改变。)2. She served her family loyally for many years.(她多年来忠诚地为家人服务。)
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motor /ˈməʊtə(r)/ n. 发动机;马达;adj. 有引擎的;机动车的
The car’s motor stopped working suddenly on the highway.(汽车的发动机在高速公路上突然熄火了。)
1. motor /ˈməʊtə(r)/ vt. & vi. 驾驶汽车;乘汽车旅行2. motorized /ˈməʊtəraɪzd/ adj. 机动化的
1. We often motor to the countryside on weekends.(我们周末经常开车去乡下。)2. The farm uses motorized equipment to save time and labor.(这家农场使用机动化设备来节省时间和人力。)
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commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 承诺;保证;奉献
She made a commitment to help the poor children in rural areas.(她承诺帮助农村地区的贫困儿童。)
1. commit /kəˈmɪt/ vt. 承诺;犯(罪等);投入2. committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 坚定的;忠诚的
1. He committed himself to finishing the project on time.(他承诺按时完成项目。)2. She is a committed teacher who cares about every student.(她是一位敬业的老师,关心每个学生。)
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motive /ˈməʊtɪv/ n. 动机;原因;目的
The police are still trying to find out the motive for the crime.(警方仍在努力查明这起犯罪的动机。)
1. motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ vt. 激励;激发2. motivated /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ adj. 有动机的;积极的
1. The desire to succeed motivated him to work hard.(成功的渴望激励他努力工作。)2. The students are highly motivated to learn English.(这些学生学习英语的积极性很高。)
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Confucianism /kənˈfjuːʃənɪzəm/ n. 孔子学说;儒家(学说)
Confucianism has a great influence on Chinese culture.(儒家学说对中国文化有很大影响。)
1. Confucius /kənˈfjuːʃəs/ n. 孔子2. Confucian /kənˈfjuːʃən/ adj. 儒家的;孔子的
1. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China.(孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家。)2. Many traditional Chinese values come from Confucian ideas.(很多中国传统价值观源自儒家思想。)
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