专题05 复合句之名词性从句-2026年高考英语阅读理解长难句突破

专题05 复合句之名词性从句 高考英语阅读理解 长难句突破 CONTENTS 名词性从句的概念 01 名词性从句的分类 02 名词性从句引导词 03 长难句之名词性从句 04 名词性从句的概念 ① 什么叫名词 什么叫名词性从句 名词功能 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 名词在句中主要作主语subject、宾语object、表语predicative和同位语appositive。另外还可以作定语attribute、状语adverbial。 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。 名词性从句的概念 ① What I bought last night is very good. 我昨晚买的东西很好. 总会有复杂问题的表达需求 这个玩具很好. This toy is very good. 名词性从句的概念 ① What I bought last night is very good. This toy is very good. This boy=What I bought last night.=主语 主语 主语 名词性从句的概念 ① I said one thing. one thing=that tomorrow would be another day.=宾语 宾语 宾语 I said that tomorrow would be another day. 名词性从句的出现莫过于对表达内容的丰富的需求 名词性从句的概念 ① 名词 名词 名词 名词 3. Jack’s aunt is a pilot. 4.Tom, our moniter, is a smart boy. 主语 宾语 表语 同位语 名词的功能 1. The teachers work hard. 2. She likes worms. 主.宾.表.同位语本质上都是名词 名词性从句的概念 ① 1. Water is valuable. What we need is water. 3. The question is hard. The question is how to save the kid. 2. I don't know the answer. I don't know what the answer is. 4. Xu Wei, a famous singer, won the match. The news that he won the match is exciting. 把名词替换成句子再放进句子中就变成了名词性从句。 主语可以是一个_______, 也可以是一个__________ 宾语可以是一个_______, 也可以是一个_________ 表语可以是一个_______, 也可以是一个_________ 同位语可以是一个_____, 也可以是一个_________ 词 句子 词 句子 词 句子 句子 词 名词性从句的概念 ① 需要用从句去充当主句中的名词成分的句子叫名词性从句。 换句话说用一个句子去充当主句的主语/宾语/表语/同位语，这样的句子就叫做名词性从句。 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 n. n. n. 名词性从句 主句缺名词 同位语从句 n. 名词性从句 主句不完整 名词性从句的分类 ② 时间 状态 (Where he grew up is unknown.) (Jack said that all flowers are edible.) (That is what makes you strong.) (The news that Jack will rule USA is true.) 主语/宾语/表语/同位语 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 名词性从句的分类 ② 位置：句首 It 句首为形式主语，真正主语置于 句末 It +谓语 + to do sth. It +谓语 + that +从句 eg. It doesn`t matter. (whether I can get the first place) doesn`t matter. =It doesn`t matter (whether I can get the first place). 主语从句 主 谓 宾 主从 谓 宾 形主 真主 名词性从句的分类 ② 宾语 从句 动宾（动词后直接加宾语） 介宾（动词短语介词后加宾语） 双宾 tell sb.sth./give sb.sth./offer sb. sth./past sb.sth.等这种形式后加从句 形宾 it不仅放句首当形主，还放谓语之后当形宾。（好，恶动词后常用形宾have,like,dislike,depend on,或think,make,take等） eg. I hate it that a man talk with me full of mouth. Internet make it possible (that we can grt in touch with our parents.) 形宾 宾补 名词性从句的分类 ② 表语从句 位置：系动词后 系动词包括 1.be动词（am,is,are,was,were） 2.感官动词（look，sound，smell，taste，fell） 3.表变化的词（become，turn，get，seem等） 名词性从句的分类 ② 同位语从句 位置：放在一个名词之后，来解释说明那个名词的具体内容。因此，那个名词往往是有内容的名词。如：idea,opinion,fact,message,evidence,news等。 eg.That girl,my sister is standing under thr tree. 那个女孩，我妹妹正站在树下。 The news(that we will have a test next week）was told by our teacher. 解释说明 = 互为同位语 那个女孩就是我妹妹，是同一个内容，都可以是主语，她们是互为同位语 n. 主语有内容名词 同位语从句 谓 名词性从句的分类 ② We expressed the hope that they had expected. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 同位语从句与定语从句区别 The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good. 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 名词性从句的分类 ② 常见其它同位语从句 Word came that he had been abroad. A saying goes that practice makes perfect. Word came that… 消息传来说… News came that… 消息传来说… A story goes that… 传说… A saying goes that…有句谚语说… As a saying goes, 定语从句 1. 同位语从句一般修饰抽象名词。 例如：fact、news、hope、truth、idea、suggestion，belief, wish promise，plan，order, evidence等 2.形式通常为：抽象名词+that+陈述句（that不可省略） 3.特殊引导词：whether、what、which、who、whom、whose、 when、where、why、how 注: 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea _______ he has gone. I have no idea ________ he did it. I have no idea ________ he did. I have no idea ________ he will come here. 名词性从句引导词 ③ 引 导 词 一. 连接词：that / whether /if 二. 连接代词： who/whom/whose/what/which/ whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever 三. 连接副词：when/where/why/ whenever/wherever 名词性从句引导词 ③ 引导词 （从句中什么成分都不做） 从属连词：that , whether , if (不翻译) （翻译成是否） 代词：what , which , who , whom , whose 副词：when , where , why , how ~~+ever （无论...） 除了however 用于让步状语从句 主宾表 物 主宾表 人 人 宾表 定 人/物 名词性从句引导词 ③ 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 1. that 无词义，不做成分 引导宾语从句时可省略 2. whether；if 缺是否，用whether as if/as though ； because 有词义，不作成分,表语从句 1. what, who, whom, whose, which; 2. whoever/whomever, whatever, whichever 有词义，做主，宾，表，定语 when, where, how, why 有词义，做状语 名词性从句引导词 ③ that 的用法 一.只引导从句，不在从句中做任何成分---俗称“花瓶” 引导：主宾表同, 宾语从句的that可以省略,其他均不可以省略. 1.That he won the competition really surprised us. 2. Jack said that tomorrow would be another day. 3. The question was how to protect the environment. 4. It is a fact that the earth runs around the sun. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ whether 的用法 一.只引导从句，不在从句中做任何成分---俗称“花瓶” 引导：主宾表同 1. Whether Jack is a hero or not doesn’t matter. 2. Jack asked his boss whether he can work at home. 3. The problem was whether Jack could arrive on time. 4. We have some doubt whether the boss will agree with us. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ whether 的用法 一.只引导从句，不在从句中做任何成分---俗称“花瓶” 引导：主宾表同 1. Whether Jack is a hero or not doesn’t matter. 2. Jack asked his boss whether he can work at home. 3. The problem was whether Jack could arrive on time. 4. We have some doubt whether the boss will agree with us. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ If 的用法 一.只引导从句，不在从句中做任何成分---俗称“花瓶” 引导：宾从（及物动词后） 1. Jack doesn’t know if he will come tomorrow. 宾 高考中，只要判断出来填 含有“是否含义的名词性从句”, 只填whether !!! 名词性从句引导词 ③ who 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做主语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Who will win this election is still unknown. 2. Jack doesn’t know who will be his roommate. 3. The question was who would be the next president. 4. The question who should be the first has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ whom 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做宾语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Whom he always depends on is still unknown. 2. Jack doesn’t know whom he can talk to. 3. The question was whom would be the next president. 4. The question whom he will invite has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ whose 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做定语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Whose mom can make the decision is still unknown. 2. Jack doesn’t know whose book has been taken. 3. The question was whose ticket should be bought first. 4. The question whose dad he will invite has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ what 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。 引导：主宾表同 1. What he likes is still a mystery. 2. Jack doesn’t know what Rose likes. 3. The question was what would be chosen first. 4. The question what he will learn has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ which 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做定语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Which girl you like is still a mystery. 2. Jack doesn’t know which book Rose likes. 3. The question was which panda would be chosen first. 4. The question which apple he will pick has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ when 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做时间状语。 引导：主宾表同 1. When the girl will leave is still a mystery. 2. Jack doesn’t know when the project starts. 3. The question was when we could have a big house. 4. The question when he will hold the meeting has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ where 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做地点状语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Where the girl lives is still a mystery. 2. Jack doesn’t know where the girl lives 3. The question was where we can have our lunch. 4. The question where he will hold the meeting has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ why 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做原因状语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Why the girl lives is still a mystery. 2. Jack doesn’t know why the girl lives 3. The question is why we need to prepare the lunch. 4. The question why he will hold the meeting has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ how 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做原因状语。 引导：主宾表同 1. How the girl lives is still a mystery. 2. Jack doesn’t know how the girl lives 3. The question is how we have the lunch. 4. The question how he will hold the meeting has not been settled. 主 宾 表 同 名词性从句引导词 ③ Wh+ever 的用法 一.引导从句，在从句中做主语/宾语/状语。 引导：主宾表同 1. Whatever he does can win people’s heart. 2. Jack doesn’t care whichever the boy chooses. 3. The winner is whoever gets the most notes. 4. The principle whenever a conflict arises is to prioritize communication. 主 宾 表 同 Whatever/whichever/whoever/ whomever/whenever/wherever/however 考 点 精 析 框架结构图 名词性从句 连接词 从属连词 连接代词 连接副词 that whether / if who whom whose what which when where why 分类 主语从句--- 位于句首或用it代替 宾语从句--- 位于及物动词或介词之后 表语从句--- 位于be 或其他系动词之后 同位语从句--- 位于某些名词后面 1.查 2.翻 3.定 查看从句是否缺少成分（主，宾，表语）， 若缺少成分，则选择正确的连接代词what,who,which,whom,whose； 若不缺少成分，则翻译句子。 翻译从句，判断意思是否完整。 不缺成分且句意完整，确定连接词that引导从句 不缺成分但句意不完整，确定适当的连接副词when,where,why,how或连接词whether/if引导从句 引导词选择三步曲：一查成分，二翻句子，三定连词 Summary 36 长难句之名词性从句 ④ 名 从 1.划分主从句 从引导词开始到第二个谓语动词前为一个子句（从句）. 2.判定主句完整or不完整 主句完整 定 从 主句不完整 名 从 从句不完整 从句 完整 连接代词 连接副词 长难句之名词性从句 ④ 名词性从句 主句不完整 从句 完整 从句不完整 关系副词 that whether / if when / where / why / how 关系代词 which who / whom whose /what 名词性从句的引导词 注意⚠️：除了宾语从句中的that可以省略之外，其他都不可以省略！ 长难句之名词性从句 ④ Step 3 从句完整 or 不完整 从句完整-关系副词 从句不完整-关系代词 Step 1 划分主从句 从引导词开始，到第二个谓语动词前 Step 2 主句完整or 不完整 主句完整-定从 主句不完整-名从 名词性从句的解题步骤 长难句之名词性从句 ④ 1. _______ Beijing will do is to provide legal aid for relatives of the passengers. 1. 划分主从句 2. 主句完整or not 3. 从句完整or not 4. 根据语境对应连接词的词义选择引导词 V1 V2 Step 1:___Beijing will do 主语从句 Step 2: 主句不完整 Step 3: 从句缺宾语 Step 4: 根据表语的回答和do的宾语-What 连接代词 缺主语 长难句之名词性从句 ④ 1. 划分主从句 2. 主句完整or not 3. 从句完整or not 4. 根据语境对应连接词的词义选择引导词 V1 V2 Step 1:___they need..trainer 表语从句 Step 2: 主句不完整 Step 3: 从句完整 Step 4: 根据句意选择-Why 2.(2023新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 连接副词 缺表语 长难句之名词性从句 ④ 1. 划分主从句 2. 主句完整or not 3. 从句完整or not 4. 根据语境对应连接词的词义选择引导词 V1 V2 Step 1:__she could do..remotely. 宾语从句 Step 2: 主句不完整 Step 3: 从句完整 Step 4: 根据句意选择-是否whether/if 3.(2022浙江1月卷) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers (who invited her to speak) __________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 连接副词 缺直接宾语 谢谢观看！ $