专题06 复合句之定语从句-2026年高考英语阅读理解长难句突破

专题06 复合句之定语从句 高考英语阅读理解 长难句突破 CONTENTS 定语从句的概念 01 定语从句的分类 02 定语从句的引导词 03 长难句之定语从句 04 定语从句的概念 ① 🖊 定义 ⚖ 句式结构 🏹 分类 定语从句💡 🔍 特殊用法 在复合句中，修饰/限定名词或代词（先行词）的从句 先行词+关系词+从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 💡Mind-map 定语从句的概念 ① 定语从句=形容词性从句 先搞清楚什么是定语？ “定”即确定或者修饰限定的意思 名词或者代词 翻译过来叫做…“的” 定语从句的概念 ① 定语是什么样子的？ 状态 He is a cute boy.-----形容词 I saw her book this morning. -----代词 If you give me 8 books, you will get 8 dollars. -----数词 His father works in a steel work. -----名词 He bought some sleeping pills. -----动名词 His spoken English is good. -----过去分词 前置定语:形容词 代词 数词 名词 动名词 分词 定语从句的概念 ① 定语是什么样子的？ 状态 后置定语:不，分，介，定，形，副，同 We have a lot of work to do.-----不定式 The girl standing under the tree is his daughter . -----现在分词 The flower planted in the garden is carnation. -----过去分词 The boy in red is my son. -----介词短语 Do you know the man who spoke just now? -----定语从句 He is the only person reliable. -----形容词 People here are very friendly.-----副词 The news that the driver was arrested yesterday proved fake.---同从 定语从句的概念 ① 1.用一个句子来修饰限定名词或者代词，翻译过来叫做…“的”。 什么是定语从句？ I like the book (that is full of interesting stories). 先行词 定语从句 关系词 定语从句的概念 ① 定语从句的三要素 1.先行词：走在前面的词=名词/代词 关系代词：who/whom/whose that/which/as 3.功能：引导定从+充当成分 关系副词：when/where/why 2.关系词 定语从句的概念 ① It’s a chair which is broken. 定语从句结构 (先行词) 关系词 从句部分 观察例句 定语从句的概念 ① 判断以下句中从句是否为定语从句 01. A friend who frowns is better than a smiling enemy. 02. Asia is one of the places where mankind came. 03. In order to make a change, you should decide why it is important. 04. College is where you meet different kinds of people. 05. A team that is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win. 判断方法：主句成分完整，从句仅用于修饰限制主句的某个名词性成分 定语从句的分类 ② The man who has a beautiful wife is a farmer. The man, who has a beautiful wife, possesses a bull. 观察例句 定语从句的分类 ② 定语从句 限制性定从 从句修饰限制先行词，使主句信息完整，一般没有逗号隔开 非限制性定从 从句补充说明被修饰部分，连接的是两个同样重要的分句。书写时必须写出逗号 定语从句的分类 ② 🏹 分类 定语从句💡 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 时间 原因 地点 who, that, as who, that, as, whom whose 主语 定语 宾语 which, that, as which, that, as whose 主语 定语 宾语 状语 状语 状语 when where why 不用that,why as, which可以指代一整句话 定语从句的分类 ② 限制性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 请支持这个计划的人举手。 【2024年全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. 圣卢卡斯列车是由政府资助的五列前往俄罗斯中部和东部偏远城镇的医疗列车之一。 定语从句的分类 ② 非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。 He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。 定语从句的分类 ② Mike has a girlfriend who is from class 6. Mike has a girlfriend, who is from class 6. 他有一个来自6班的女朋友。（可能不止一个） 他有一个女朋友，她来自6班。（只有一个女朋友） 区别① 有无逗号 区别② 含义不同 非限制性定从 限制性定从 限制性 VS 非限制性 定语从句的分类 ② 限制性 VS 非限制性 定语从句的分类 ② This is a beautiful place ，which I loved most. This is the only place that I loved. 限制性定从（句子1）不可删除，否则句意不完整。 非限制性定从（句子2）可删除，只是对 place 起到补充说明的作用。 区别③ 可否删除 非限制性定从 限制性定从 限制性 VS 非限制性 定语从句的引导词 ③ 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词的用法 定语从句的引导词 ③ who/whom/whose-主语/宾语/定语-人/物 2.I like the girl (who you are talking to). who做主语/宾语-人 人 主语 1.I like the girl (who is from America). 人 宾语 定语从句的引导词 ③ whom 做宾语-人 人 宾语 1.I like the girl (whom you are fond of ). 人 宾语 2.I like the girl (whom you are devoting yourself to ). who/whom/whose-主语/宾语/定语-人/物 定语从句的引导词 ③ 1. People ____ take physical exercise live longer. 2. Do you know the man __________ Mr. White introduced just now? 3. His daughter, _____ is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 4. Zhong Nanshan is our national hero, ________ I admire very much. 5. The man with ______ I worked has left. who VS whom who whom/who who whom/who who 在从句中做主语、宾语、表语， whom 只做宾语， 介词之后代指人只能用_________。 whom whom 定语从句的引导词 ③ Who/whom/whose-人 whose 做定语-人/物 ： N1+whose+N2 人 定语 1.I like the girl (whose hair is red). 物 定语 2.I like the book (whose color is yellow). 定语从句的引导词 ③ The river _______ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. whose whose 的使用 定从之中少定语，whose为你补一补； whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。 1.Our monitor is the boy ______ father is a lawyer. 2.In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike. 3.I bought a grammar book ______ cover is red. whose whose whose = the river’s = the boy's = the artist's = the book's 定语从句的引导词 ③ that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 that做主语-人/物 人 主语 1.I like the boy (that is very humurous). 物 主语 2.I like the book (that is very interesting). 定语从句的引导词 ③ that做宾语-人/物 人 宾语 1.I like the boy (that you love very much). 物 宾语 2.I like the book (that she gave me yesterday). that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 定语从句的引导词 ③ that做表语-人/物 人 表语 1.I am no longer the man (that I was three years ago). that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 物 表语 2.It is no longer the book (that it was three years ago). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 1. I’ll never forget the day __________ we met. 2. I’ll never forget the day __________ we spent together. 3. I went to the place __________ I worked ten years ago. 4. I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago. 5. This is the reason __________ he was late. 6. This is the reason __________ he gave. 在定语从句中， 当从句缺少主语或宾语时,用关系代词; 当从句是完整的句子时,用关系副词。 区分关系代词和关系副词 when that/which where that/which why that/which 定语从句的引导词 ③ 先行词 方式状语 1. that 用作关系副词,作方式状语=in which,可以省略 先行词一定是the way 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 1.I don’t like the way (that/in which you speak to your mom). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 有人有物 只用that 2. 先行词有人且有物-只用that 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 2.Do you know the things and persons (that they’re talking about?) 定语从句的引导词 ③ 序数词修饰 只用that 3. 先行词被序数词修饰-只用that 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 3.This is the first movie (that I have ever seen). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 形容词最高级修饰 只用that 4. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰-只用that 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 4.This is the best movie (that I have ever seen). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 先行词本身 是不定代词 只用that 5. 先行词本身是不定代词-只用that everything/something/nothing/all/much 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 5.I will remember everything (that you’ve done for me). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 被very修饰 只用that 6. 先行词被only/very/little/all-只用that 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 6.This is the very book (that you are looking for). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 主句中有which 只用that 7. 主句中有which时 只用that的特殊用法-牢记！ 7.Which is the course that we are to take? 定语从句的引导词 ③ which做主语/宾语-物 物 主语 1.This is the book (which is very interesting). that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 物 宾语 2.This is the book (which Jane bought me last night). 定语从句的引导词 ③ 只用which的情况 1.This is the book, which is very interesting). that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 物 宾语 2.This is the book, from which my mom told me a lof of stories). 物 介词+宾语 定语从句的引导词 ③ 只用which的情况 3. (He sold his newly-bought book), which surpried me very much. that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 which指代整句话 主语 定语从句的引导词 ③ 1.先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰； 2.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰； 3.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰； 4.先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰； 5.先行词既有人又有物； 6.主句主语是who或which时； 7.先行词是主句表语或关系词是从句表语时。 代指事物时，只用that，不用which（7种） 代指事物时，只用which，不用that（两种） 两个之后(逗号之后，介词之后) 定语从句的引导词 ③ 1.There is nothing______ we can do now. 2.The present time is the best gift______ you can give yourself. 3.Don't trust the first sign______ you see. 4. This is the very book ______ I want. 5.My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons ______ they remembered in the school. 6.Which is the car ______ you bought last week? 7. Jack is not the man ______ he was. 8. He had failed in physics exam, ______ made his father very angry. 9. Her bag, in ______ she put all her money, has been stolen. that VS which that that that that that that that which which 定语从句的引导词 ③ As做主语/宾语/表-人/物 限制性定语从句:such...as/so...as/the same...as 1.We invited all such person as were likely to come. that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 2.It is such a good book as everyone likes. 1.such+n+as-关系代词 :主宾表 3.I’ve never seen such a fool as he is. 定语从句的引导词 ③ As做主语/宾语/表-人/物 限制性定语从句:such...as/so...as/the same...as 1.Is this the same mosquito as bit you just now? that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 2.This is the same knife as I lost. 2.the same+n+as-关系代词 :主宾表 3.She is just the same person as she used to be. 定语从句的引导词 ③ As做主语/宾语/表-人/物 限制性定语从句:such...as/so...as/the same...as 1.He is so kind a person as is willing to offer us help. that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 2.This is so sharp a knife as everone likes. 3.so+adj+n+as-关系代词 :主宾表 3.The spot is so attractive a place as it used to be. 定语从句的引导词 ③ As做主语/宾语-人/物 非限制性定语从句: 有逗号隔开，段首，中，尾，翻译过来叫作“正如” 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词 1.(As is known to all), fish can’t live without water. that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 句首/主语 定语从句的引导词 ③ As做主语/宾语-人/物 非限制性定语从句: 有逗号隔开，段首，中，尾，翻译过来叫作“正如” 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词 that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 2.The famous magician Liu Qian, (as we all know), is from Taiwan. 句首/宾语 定语从句的引导词 ③ As做主语/宾语-人/物 非限制性定语从句: 有逗号隔开，段首，中，尾，翻译过来叫作“正如” 从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词 that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 3. The monkey ate a snake, (as the scientist expected.) 句尾/宾语 定语从句的引导词 ③ which, as 引导的定语从句的区别 that/which/as-主语/宾语/表语-人/物 4. As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 强调前后逻辑一致 5. Jack sold his newly-bought care, which made me surprised. 强调前后不一致 定语从句的引导词 ③ 1. Don’t read such books ____ you can’t understand. 2. Here is so difficult a book ____nobody can understand. 3. ____ everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history . 4. _____the famous saying goes，where there's a will there's a way. 5. The experiment turned out to be a great success, _____ we hadn't expected at all. 区分as 和 which as as as (1)先行词与as, so, such, the same连用或先行词本身是such, the same 时,关系代词用as ; (2)as 引导非限制性定从，有“正如”的意思。 which 引导非限制性定从,强调前面的事情产生的结果。有“这件事”的意思。 As As which 定语从句的引导词 ③ when-时间，先行词是时间(抽象+具体)，从句不缺主要成分，when在从句作时间状语 when/where/why-时间/地点/原因 1. I will never forget the day when I first met you. 先行词时间，从句完整 2. I will never forget the day that/which you spent in BJ. 先行词时间，从句不完整 定语从句的引导词 ③ where-地点，先行词是地点(抽象+具体)，从句不缺主要成分，where在从句作地点状语 when/where/why-时间/地点/原因 1. I will never forget the place where I first met you. 先行词时间，从句完整 2. I will never forget the place that/which you told me. 先行词时间，从句不完整 定语从句的引导词 ③ why-原因，先行词是-reason， 从句不缺主要成分，where在从句作地点状语 when/where/why-时间/地点/原因 1. I will never forget the reason why you dumped me. 先行词时间，从句完整 2. I will never forget the reason that/which you told me. 先行词时间，从句不完整 定语从句的引导词 ③ 定语从句💡 🔍 特殊用法 关系副词 介词选定 抽象地点名词 只用that不用which 只用which不用that 省略用法 名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom/whose 介词+which 一看搭配二看句意 case, situation, point, stage, job, position, activity, condition, scene, spot 代、高、序、双、疑、特 ①非限制性定语从句②介词之后 ①限制性定从·关系代词作宾语 ②the way(that/in which) 长难句之定语从句 ④ 定语从句 主句完整 从句不完整 从句完整 关系代词 who/ whom/whose that/which/as 关系副词 when where why 长难句之定语从句 ④ 1．确定是定语从句 设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。 2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ② that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③ which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④ as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 长难句之定语从句 ④ 3.寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。 ① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ② 先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 4. 判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。 ① 缺少主语：that/which/who； ② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③ 缺少定语：whose； ④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 长难句之定语从句 ④ 时间 状态 1.（2023全国甲卷） Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _____Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 划分主从句 主句完整 从句不完整 从句：___Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 定语从句 关系代词——that which as as 长难句之定语从句 ④ 状态 划分主从句 主句完整 从句完整 从句：___ all life seemed …from many age-old fables. 定语从句 关系副词——when where why 2.（2023全国甲卷） “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. where 长难句之定语从句 ④ The reason ______I want to introduce Jiangxi province is that it is one of the most beautiful provinces in China. I can well remember there was a time ______ a blue sky and the green trees have kept me spellbound(adj.入迷的) why when 长难句之定语从句 ④ Over 2,400 rivers converge汇聚 to form the Poyang Lake________ provides a habitat for 98% of the world’s white cranes. which/that 长难句之定语从句 ④ Just like the landscape in Chinese painting, Wuyuan , known as one of the most beautiful villages in the world, attracts many people ________ like to embrace the nature. that/who 长难句之定语从句 ④ Jiangxi is a beautiful place. It is covered by thick forests. Jiangxi is a beautiful place，it is covered by thick forests. 1、分清主句与从句； 2、确定先行词（相同的人或物）； 3、分析先行词在从句中担当的成分； 4、确定关系词； 注意：从句放在所修饰名词后面 Jiangxi is a beautiful place，_______________________________- which is covered by thick forests. 谢谢观看！ $