精品解析：北京市第八十中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月阶段测评英语试题

2025～2026学年第一学期9月阶段测评 高三英语 2025年9月 班级__________ 姓名__________ 考号__________ （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Your first day anywhere can be tough. As a supply teacher, I had one such experience when I was required to work at a special education school. When I received the call asking if I was available that day, a wave of ___1___rushed over me. I’d never taught in a special school before, but I ___2___pulled myself together and drove to the school. On the way there, I had ___3___about everything I couldn’t do. As I ___4___, I was greeted by the head who assured me there was “nothing to worry about”, but I was feeling anything but! I was told I would teach key stage 1. ___5___by their parents, the children began to show up. I tried to hide my anxious feelings, although a few drops of ___6___ were noticeable. The whole class, a total of 8 with various special needs, arrived by 9:30. Contrary to my ___7___, as the day went on, my stress levels went down. The children were expressive, unique and passionate, though there were times that left me slightly ___8___ by their screams. As the day ended, I can ___9___say it was one of the best experiences of my teaching career. I hope anyone will consider working at a special school and allow the passion of the children there to _____10_____their love of teaching. 1. A. sadness B. panic C. anger D. sympathy 2. A. hesitantly B. regularly C. eventually D. desperately 3. A. plans B. opinions C. doubts D. thoughts 4. A. broke up B. sped up C. picked up D. pulled up 5. A. Raised B. Suspected C. Abandoned D. Accompanied 6. A. ink B. sweat C. rain D. blood 7. A. decisions B. predictions C. suggestions D. conclusions 8. A. inspired B. refreshed C. shocked D. satisfied 9. A. honestly B. patiently C. jokingly D. regretfully 10. A. awaken B. earn C. guarantee D. celebrate 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次去特殊学校上课的经历，一开始作者很焦虑，最后发现孩子们很有表现力，很独特，也很有激情，作者认为这是自己教学生涯中最好的经历之一，并且希望任何人都能考虑到一所特殊的学校工作，让那里的孩子们的热情唤醒对教学的热爱。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我接到电话问我那天是否有空时，一阵恐慌席卷了我。A. sadness悲伤；B. panic恐慌；C. anger愤怒；D. sympathy同情。根据后文“I’d never taught in a special school before”可知，作者以前从没在特殊学校教过书，所以感觉恐慌。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未在一所特殊的学校教过书，但我最终还是振作起来，开车去了学校。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. regularly定期地；C. eventually终于；D. desperately绝望地。根据后文“pulled myself together and drove to the school”可知，作者最终还是去了学校。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在去那里的路上，我想了想所有我不能做的事。A. plans计划；B. opinions观点；C. doubts怀疑；D. thoughts想法。根据后文“about everything I couldn’t do”指作者思考自己不能在学校做的事情。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我把车停下的时候，我的领导来迎接我，向我保证“没有什么可担心的”，但我感觉不是！A. broke up打破；B. sped up加速；C. picked up捡起；D. pulled up停下来。根据上文“drove to the school”可知，此处指停车。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父母的陪同下，孩子们开始出现了。A. Raised提高；B. Suspected怀疑；C. Abandoned抛弃；D. Accompanied陪伴。根据后文“by their parents, the children began to show up”可知，孩子们在父母的陪同下出现。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图掩饰我的焦虑情绪，然而很明显我流下了几滴汗。A. ink墨水；B. sweat汗水；C. rain雨；D. blood血液。根据上文“my anxious feelings, although a few drops of”可知，此处指作者因为焦虑而出汗。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与我的预测相反，随着时间的推移，我的压力水平下降了。A. decisions决定；B. predictions预测；C. suggestions建议；D. conclusions结论。根据后文“my stress levels went down”可知，作者的压力水平下降了，即与之前预期的自己会感到焦虑相反。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们很有表现力，很独特，也很有激情，尽管有时他们的尖叫声让我有些震惊。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. refreshed清爽的；C. shocked震惊的；D. satisfied满足的。根据后文“by their screams”可知，作者对孩子们尖叫感到震惊。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天结束时，我可以诚实地说，这是我教学生涯中最好的经历之一。A. honestly诚实地；B. patiently耐心地；C. jokingly开玩笑地；D. regretfully懊悔地。根据后文“say it was one of the best experiences of my teaching career”可知，作者可以诚实地说，这是自己教学生涯中最好的经历之一。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望任何人都能考虑到一所特殊的学校工作，让那里的孩子们的热情唤醒他们对教学的热爱。A. awaken唤醒；B. earn赚得；C. guarantee保证；D. celebrate庆祝。根据上文“allow the passion of the children there to”可知，作者希望人们去特殊学校工作，因为特殊学校孩子的热情可以唤醒人们对教学的热爱。故选A项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____11____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____12____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by ____13____(divide) a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____14____(consider) healthy. 【答案】11. and 12. that##which 13. dividing 14. is considered 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。该文章围绕体重指数（BMI）展开，首先介绍了一项覆盖范围广（200个国家）、时间跨度长（33 年）的相关研究及其核心发现——全球人口体重呈上升趋势，且农村地区的BMI增长是推动这一趋势的主要因素；接着解释了BMI的基本属性（国际公认的测量工具）、核心作用（判断体重是否健康）以及具体计算方式（体重除以身高的平方），并明确了BMI的健康范围（19-25）。 【11题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：在一项针对200个国家、历时33年的体重指数（BMI）趋势研究中，科学家们发现，全球人口的体重正不断增加，且大部分增长源于农村地区人口体重指数的上升。此空连接前后两个that引导的宾语从句，且根据句意可知，前后两个从句是并列关系，故填and。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：体重指数（BMI）是一种国际公认的测量工具，可用于判断一个人的体重是否处于健康范围。空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的measurement tool，从句缺少主语，关系词指物，故填that/which。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其计算方法是将一个人的体重（以千克为单位）除以身高（以米为单位）的平方，而BMI值在19 至25之间被认为是健康的。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填dividing。 【14题详解】 考查时态、语态。句意同上。该句第一个and连接并列分句，第二个分句的主语是a BMI，consider是此分句的谓语动词，与主语a BMI是被动关系，应当用被动语态。又因为这是对体重指数的介绍，所以应当使用一般现在时。故填is considered。 语法填空。 While engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also ____15____(critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation ____16____ (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals and the process by which they are learning to achieve them? Does every student feel ____17____ (support) at school? Do students understand the value of ____18____ they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens. 【答案】15. more critical 16. are driven 17. supported 18. what 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响学校的参与度的几个因素。 【15题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：虽然参与度对学校来说从未像现在这样具有挑战性，但它也比之前更重要。根据空后的“than ever”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级作表语，故填more crucial。 【16题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：经过深入的研究，参与度和驱动力由几个因素决定。此处作谓语动词，engagement and motivation作主语，为复数，主语与drive之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are driven。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：每个学生在学校都感到被支持吗？此处students与support之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词supported作表语，故填supported。 【18题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：学生是否理解他们正在学的东西的价值，并认为这种价值超过了努力的成本？此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意思为“什么”，故应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 C Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler ____19____ (become) educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ____20____ (develop) of the local areas. Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____21____ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 【答案】19. to become 20. development 21. until 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了生态旅游的特点、起源及发展情况。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它与传统的旅游业不同，因为它能让旅行者了解这些地区——无论是地理条件还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，有利于当地的发展。根据空前动词allows可知，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，固定搭配。故填to become。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。根据空前定冠词“the”和空后“of the local areas”可知，空处需用名词“development(发展)”，benefit the development of...意为“有利于……的发展”。故填development。 【21题详解】 考查连词。句意：直到20世纪80年代后期，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。根据空前“It was not widely accepted as a travel concept”和空后“the late 1980s”可知，空处需用连词until，not...until...“直到……才……”，固定句型。故填until。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 2024 Illustration Competition Enter the competition most respected and admired in the industry for creativity in illustration, the Communication Arts Illustration Competition. Selected by distinguished professionals, the winning entries will be distributed worldwide in the Communication Arts Illustration Annual and on commarts.com, ensuring important exposure of the creations. Each winner will receive a professionalized Award of Excellence, made from solid aluminum, and an award certificate, Communication Art’s Award of Excellence is one of the most desired awards. If chosen, winning places you in the highest ranks of your profession. What To Enter With Any illustration first published or produced from Jan. 2023 to Jan. 2024 is qualified. Entries may originate from any country. Descriptions in English are necessary for the judges to read. Entries Can Be Submitted In The Following Formats Digital Images：RGB images in JPG format with a maximum file size of 2 MB. GIF images may be livelier, but would be turned down, and so would the PNG ones. Motion Entries：In MOV, MP4 or MPG format, with a maximum file size of 500 MB. Illustration Competition Categories & Entry Fees Category Single illustration Series of illustrations Books (covers, jackets, etc.) $40 $80 (limit of 5) Motion (media for films, videos, etc.) $90 $180 (limit of 3) Student Work $20 (Image) $45 (Video) $40 (Images, limit of 5) $90 (Video, limit of 3) For more categories, please download the category PDF. Late Fees Entries must be registered no later than Jan. 13, 2024. Entries registered after that date will be charged a fee of $ 10 each. No entries can be registered after Jan. 27, 2024. 22. What will the winner gain? A. A personalized award certificate. B. A bonus from Communication Arts. C. Exposure to world-famous works. D. Wide recognition in the industry. 23. Which of the following is unfit for the competition? A. A student work from Argentina. B. A newly produced motion entry. C. A PNG image with a file size of 1 MB. D. A series for covers of two illustrations. 24. How much should be paid for three cover illustrations submitted on Jan. 20, 2024? A. $110. B. $90. C. $80. D. $120. 【答案】22. D 23. C 24. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024年Communication Arts插画比赛的参赛规则，包括奖项价值、作品要求、格式限制、类别费用及延迟费政策等信息。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Selected by distinguished professionals, the winning entries will be distributed worldwide in the Communication Arts Illustration Annual and on commarts.com, ensuring important exposure of the creations. (获奖作品由杰出的专业人士选出，将在《Communication Arts插画年刊》和commarts.com上全球发行，确保作品获得重要曝光)”和“Communication Art’s Award of Excellence is one of the most desired awards. If chosen, winning places you in the highest ranks of your profession. (Communication Arts的卓越奖是最令人向往的奖项之一。如果入选，获奖将使你跻身行业的最高层级)”可知，获奖者将获得行业内的广泛认可。故选D项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Entries Can Be Submitted In The Following Formats下的“GIF images may be livelier, but would be turned down, and so would the PNG ones. (GIF图像可能更生动，但会被拒绝，PNG格式亦然)”可知，一张大小为1 MB的PNG图像不符合参赛要求。故选C项。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据Illustration Competition Categories & Entry Fees下表格中“Books (covers, jackets, etc.) (书(封面、护封等))”对应的“$80 (limit of 5) (80美元(限5幅))”和Late Fees中的“Entries must be registered no later than Jan. 13, 2024. Entries registered after that date will be charged a fee of $ 10 each. (参赛作品必须在2024年1月13日前完成注册。在此截止日期后注册的作品，每件将收取10美元的延迟费用)”可知，三幅封面插画费用为80美元，因提交日期为1月20日，另需缴纳延迟费30美元（=10×3），共计为110美元（=80+30）。故选A项。 The Book Lady It was Jennifer Williams's mother who got her hooked on books. A librarian, she read to her three children every day. “Not until we went to kindergarten,” Williams told vadogwood.com, a local news site. “Until we went to college.” When Williams, now 54, became an elementary school teacher and tutor in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to fall in love with reading just as she had. But early on, she realized that some kids had limited access to books. “It’s very obvious to teachers of young children which kids are read to versus kids who are not,” she said. “It’s obvious at the end of the first day of school.” To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Danville, she gave away 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be satisfied with that. “I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I wanted to do something that’s going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.” So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an unreachable number, but as Williams posted on Facebook: “Don’t complain in the bleachers if you aren’t willing to work hard out on the field.” So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books. Before long, as news of Williams’s project spread, strangers started leaving piles of books on her front porch. As quickly as the books come in, Williams gives them to local schools — free of charge — and also supplies books to little free libraries around the city of 41,000 just over the North Carolina border. She also hosts a book club for prisoners in the local prison. In the four years she's been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has given away more than 78,000 books — only 922,000 more to reach her goal! And she’s not slowing down. It’s too important for kids with few options. “Reading can take you anywhere,” she told CNN. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.” 25. What made Willian interested in reading? A. Her children’s hobby. B. Her mother’s influence. C. A stranger’s encouragement. D. A teacher's impact. 26. Why did William originally contribute so many books? A. To satisfy most people. B. To celebrate the civic event. C. To help students love reading. D. To stretch her faith and work ethic. 27. How did William collect books for her goal? A. By asking her friends to buy books. B. By attaining books from the prison. C. By getting donation from free libraries. D. By receiving donated books from strangers. 28. According to the passage, what words can best describe William? A. helpful and ambitious. B. respectable and innocent. C. hardworking and adventurous. D. determined and humorous. 【答案】25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Jennifer Williams志愿捐书的爱心故事。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It was Jennifer Williams's mother who got her hooked on books.（是詹妮弗·威廉姆斯的母亲让她迷上了书。）”可知，她母亲的影响使威廉对阅读产生了兴趣。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“she wanted her students to fall in love with reading just as she had.（她希望她的学生像她一样爱上阅读）”可知，为了帮助孩子们热爱阅读，她开始捐书。故选C。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books.（于是她开始工作，首先是拉拢朋友们捐书或出钱买书。）”可知，她通过让她的朋友买书来收集书籍。故选A。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books.（对威廉姆斯来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。）”可知，她乐于助人；根据第五段第一句“So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books.（所以她给自己定了一个新目标：捐出一百万本书。）”可知，她是很有野心的。故选A。 C The myth that scientists are coldly objective and thus never wrong evaporates when one thinks of the number of great ideas in science whose originators were correct in general but wrong in detail. The English physicist John Dalton (1766～1844) gets credit for modern atomic theory, but his mathematical formulas for calculating atomic weights were incorrect. The Polish astronomer Copernicus, who corrected Ptolemy’s ancient concept of an Earth-centered universe, nevertheless was mistaken in the particulars of the planets’ orbits. Luck, too, has played a determining role in scientific discovery. The French chemist Pasteur demonstrated that life does not arise spontaneously from air. But it may have been out of luck that he happened to use an easy-to-kill yeast and not the hay bacillus that another, long-forgotten, investigator had chosen for the same experiment. We now know that hay bacillus is heat-resistant and grows even after the boiling that killed Pasteur’s yeast. If Pasteur had used the hay bacillus, his “proof” would not have materialized. Gregor Mendel, the founder of modern genetics, is a perfect example of the humanness of the scientist. Plant hybridization (杂交) intrigued and puzzled Mendel, an Augustinian monk with some training in mathematics and the natural sciences. He had the basic idea that there might be simple mathematical relationships among plants in different generations. To pursue this hypothesis, he decided to establish experimental plots in the monastery garden at Brunn, raise a number of varieties of peas, interbreed them, count and classify the offspring of each generation, and see whether any reliable mathematical ratios could be inferred. After many years of meticulously growing, harvesting, and counting pea plants, Mendel thought he had something worth talking about. So, in 1865, he appeared before the Brunn Society for the Study of Natural Science, reported on his research, and came up with what have since come to be called the Mendelian laws. Society members listened politely but, insofar as anybody knows, asked few questions and engaged in little discussion. It may even be hat, as he proceeded. a certain suspicion emerged out of the embarrassed silence. After all, Mendel lacked a degree and had published no research. Mendel’s assertion that separate and distinct “elements” of inheritance must exist, despite the fact that he couldn’t produce any, was close to asking the society to accept something on faith. There was no evidence for Mendel’s hypothesis other than his computations, and his wildly unconventional application of algebra to botany made it difficult for his listeners to understand that those computations were the evidence. Mendel undoubtedly died without knowing that his findings on peas had indeed illuminated an almost universal pattern. Luck had been with him in his choice of which particular traits to study. Knowing nothing about genes, let alone the phenomenon of linkage, Mendel was spared failure because the traits that he chose to follow were each controlled separately. The probability of making such a happy choice in random picks is only about l in 163! 29. In Paragraph 1, the author mentions Copernicus in order to ________. A. show scientific progress depends on a variety of factors B. emphasize the achievements of scientists are not always recognized C. prove noted scientists are not always wholly accurate in their theories D. reveal scientists often suffer from professional jealousy and competition 30. In Paragraph 3, the underlined term “humanness” refers to ________. A. an interest in improving the human condition through scientific research B. an attitude of forgiveness toward those who look down uponhim C. the tendency to rely too much on emotion D. a combination of intellect, intuition, and good fortune 31. According to the passage, which is the best saying to describe Mendel’s success? A. You never know your luck. B. No sweet without sweat. C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. Chance favors the one with a prepared mind. 【答案】29. C 30. D 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过举例说明科学家并非总是完全准确，科学发现中存在运气成分，同时以孟德尔为例，展现科学家在研究中的智慧、直觉与运气结合的过程。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The myth that scientists are coldly objective and thus never wrong evaporates when one thinks of the number of great ideas in science whose originators were correct in general but wrong in detail.(人们认为科学家们冷酷客观、从不出错，然而当想到科学史上那些大体正确但细节有误的伟大思想及其提出者时，这种神话便不攻自破)”和“The English physicist John Dalton (1766-1844) gets credit for modern atomic theory, but his mathematical formulas for calculating atomic weights were incorrect. The Polish astronomer Copernicus, who corrected Ptolemy’s ancient concept of an Earth-centered universe, nevertheless was mistaken in the particulars of the planets’ orbits.(英国物理学家约翰·道尔顿(1766-1844)因提出现代原子理论而备受赞誉，但他计算原子重量的数学公式是错误的。波兰天文学家哥白尼纠正了托勒密古老的地球中心宇宙观，然而，他在行星轨道的具体细节上却犯了错误)”可推知，作者提到哥白尼和物理学家约翰·道尔顿都是为了举例证明著名的科学家并非总是完全准确。故选C项。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Plant hybridization (杂交) intrigued and puzzled Mendel, an Augustinian monk with some training in mathematics and the natural sciences. He had the basic idea that there might be simple mathematical relationships among plants in different generations.(植物杂交引起了孟德尔的兴趣和困惑，他是一名奥古斯丁修道士，受过一些数学和自然科学方面的训练。他有一个基本的想法，即不同世代的植物之间可能存在简单的数学关系)”、第四段中“After many years of meticulously growing, harvesting, and counting pea plants, Mendel thought he had something worth talking about.(经过多年精心种植、收获和计数豌豆植株，孟德尔认为他有了值得一谈的东西)”和第六段中“Luck had been with him in his choice of which particular traits to study. Knowing nothing about genes, let alone the phenomenon of linkage, Mendel was spared failure because the traits that he chose to follow were each controlled separately. The probability of making such a happy choice in random picks is only about l in 163!(他在选择研究性状时幸运眷顾。由于孟德尔选择研究的性状恰好各自独立遗传，对基因一无所知(更不用说连锁现象)的他反而因此避免了失败。若完全随机选取性状，能如此幸运选中的概率仅有约163分之1！)”可知，孟德尔既有一定的知识储备(智慧)，又有直觉，还很幸运(选择了容易研究的豌豆)，所以划线词所在句“Gregor Mendel, the founder of modern genetics, is a perfect example of the humanness of the scientist.(现代遗传学奠基人格雷戈尔·孟德尔，正是科学家humanness特质的绝佳例证)”中“humanness”指的是智慧、直觉和好运的结合。故选D项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“He had the basic idea that there might be simple mathematica1 relationships among plants in different generations. To pursue this hypothesis, he decided to establish experimental plots in the monastery garden at Brunn, raise a number of varieties of peas, interbreed them, count and classify the offspring of each generation, and see whether any reliable mathematical ratios could be inferred.(他萌生了一个基本设想：不同代系的植物之间可能存在简单的数学关系。为验证这一假设，他决定在布伦修道院的菜地里开辟实验田，培育多个豌豆品种进行杂交，逐代计数并分类统计后代，试图从中推断出可靠的数学比例)”、第四段中“After many years of meticulously growing, harvesting, and counting pea plants, Mendel thought he had something worth talking about.(经过多年细致地种植、收获并统计豌豆植株后，孟德尔认为自己的发现值得公之于众)”和最后一段中“Knowing nothing about genes, let alone the phenomenon of linkage, Mendel was spared failure because the traits that he chose to follow were each controlled separately. The probability of making such a happy choice in random picks is only about l in 163!(由于孟德尔选择研究的性状恰好各自独立遗传，对基因一无所知(更不用说连锁现象)的他反而因此避免了失败。若完全随机选取性状，能如此幸运选中的概率仅有约163分之1！)”可推知，孟德尔的成功是系统性研究(假设提出、实验设计、长期坚持)与偶然运气共同作用的结果，说明运气眷顾有准备的人。故D项“Chance favors the one with a prepared mind.(机会总是垂青有准备的人)”最适合描述孟德尔的成功。故选D项。 The question of how trucking capacity is growing or declining is common in industry, but the reality is that demand fluctuations are far more important to monitor as they swing much more violently. Since December of 2018, the total tractor count from for-hire fleets (non-private) has grown 18%, according to the FMCSA, but has never shown a monthly change of over 2%. By contrast, the Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI), a measure of total truckload demand, has grown 12% over the same period, but monthly fluctuations topped 20% at times. Even before the pandemic, the OTVI had 5-7% monthly swings in demand. Given the OTVI measures total tenders and is not a pure proxy (指标) for shipments, it is reflective of how fast demand-side conditions change in trucking. The point is that capacity shifts are slow and stable, while demand changes much more rapidly and is very unpredictable over time. This is the consummate struggle of supply chains and transportation companies across the globe — how much infrastructure (capacity) is needed to be able to flex up but not have too much overhead when demand softens? The process of ordering and seating a truck takes close to a year. That truck can haul roughly seven 500-mile loads per week, or 360 loads per year. This only occurs if shipping patterns are consistent and drivers are readily available, and neither are true. So it isn’t a pure question of how much capacity is available in aggregate, but are those trucks available in the right places at the right times in general? This metric is extremely difficult to attain. Since demand is uneven and spread unevenly throughout the country, trucks and drivers need to exceed the number of shipments available. So even if capacity grows by 1%, it just increases the chances that loads will be covered marginally. Probably more important than any of the previous points is that there are already measures of the relationship between supply and demand in trucking. Tender rejection rates (OTRI) and spot rates (NTI) measure when capacity is meeting demand in the contract and spot markets, respectively. There is little use for knowing how much capacity is available in the for-hire freight market other than being interesting. But there is exceptional value in knowing how well capacity and demand are lining up and in what direction they are trending. Since December 2021 tender rejection rates have fallen from over 20% to under 4%, while spot rates are down 27%. Demand-side indicators are probably the most crucial to getting the earliest signs of market shifts, while rejection rates and spot rates answer the two most important questions that companies want answered: Can I get a truck and how much will it cost me? 32. The Outbound Tender Volume Index ________. A. is a proxy for shipments only B. is a measure to track truckload demand C. can tell the current trucking capacity in the US D. can tell the relationship between supply and demand in trucking 33. What problem do supply chains and transportation companies face commonly? A. How capacity can meet the changing demand. B. How capacity and demand can be predicted. C. What facilities are needed to ship the goods. D. What trucks can function the best. 34. What can we tell about OTRI and NTI? A. They are both measures in the contract and spot markets. B. They are of little use to know the capacity and demand. C. They can change the uneven demand situation in the US. D. They can help to tell the companies how market might change. 35. Where can we probably find this passage? A. In a school newspaper. B. In a book. C. In a biography. D. In a magazine. 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了市场对卡车运载量的需求在不断变化，供应链和运输公司面临的问题是如何让产能满足不断变化的需求，同时又能控制开销。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“By contrast, the Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI), a measure of total truckload demand, has grown 12% over the same period, but monthly fluctuations topped 20% at times.”（相比之下，衡量卡车总装载需求的出口投标量指数同期增长了12%，但月度波动有时超过20%。）可知，出口投标量指数是用来衡量卡车总装载需求的，由此可知，出口投标量指数是跟踪卡车装载需求的措施。故选B项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“This is the consummate struggle of supply chains and transportation companies across the globe — how much infrastructure (capacity) is needed to be able to flex up but not have too much overhead when demand softens?”（这是全球供应链和运输公司的完美斗争——当需求疲软时，需要多少基础设施（产能）才能灵活运转，但又不会有太多的开销？）可知，市场需求是不断变化的，供应链和运输公司通常面对的问题是如何满足不断变化的需求，例如当需求疲软时，需要多少基础设施才能灵活运转，但又不会有太多的开销，由此可知，供应链和运输公司通常面临的问题是产能如何满足不断变化的需求。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容“Probably more important than any of the previous points is that there are already measures of the relationship between supply and demand in trucking. Tender rejection rates (OTRI) and spot rates (NTI) measure when capacity is meeting demand in the contract and spot markets, respectively.”（可能比前面任何一点都更重要的是，已经有了衡量卡车运输供需关系的指标。投标拒绝率（OTRI）和现货价格（NTI）分别衡量合同和现货市场的产能何时满足需求。）可知，投标拒绝率（OTRI）和现货价格（NTI）能够帮助衡量合同和现货市场的产能何时满足需求，由此可知，通过衡量合同和现货市场的产能何时满足需求，OTRI和NTI可以帮助告诉公司市场可能会发生怎样的变化。故选D项。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The question of how trucking capacity is growing or declining is common in industry, but the reality is that demand fluctuations are far more important to monitor as they swing much more violently.”（卡车运输能力如何增长或下降的问题在行业中很常见，但现实是，需求波动的监测要重要得多，因为它们的波动要剧烈得多。）可知，本文主要讲述了市场对卡车运载量的需求在不断变化，供应链和运输公司面临的问题是如何让产能满足不断变化的需求，同时又能控制开销，由此可知，这是一篇关于社会现象的文章，应该选自一本杂志。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） Daily life has its satisfactions, such as the perfect reply to a friend’s text message, the first after-work drink, or the unexpected gift. ____36____ That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental embrace of a soft bed. Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens. ____37____ Now there’s increasing evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, and other problems. Research published in the European Heart Journal reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., no matter how long they slept. ____38____ But after the appearance and rise of sleeping aids, is sleep the next part of human experience that will become increasingly tracked, counted and compared? We sigh at LinkedIn users who claim to wake up at Sam and learn Mandarin while meditating. But when people overcommit to sleeping well, it can be counter-productive. ____39____ In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about ‘orthosomnia’, where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this. Espie says we each have a sleep pattern that we figure out through trial and error. Genetically, some humans are larks and some are owls; the larks may just have better cardiovascular health. For an owl to try to fight their natural schedule, and sleep earlier, wouldn’t necessarily help. Basic sleeping advice is notably consistent, including keeping a regular pattern, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine and taking away all bedroom distractions. Instead of just loading sleep advice on individuals, we could integrate aspects of it into public health. ____40____ Employers could be sensitive to the different needs of their workers. A good night’s sleep is a profound pleasure. As far as possible, it should also remain a simple one. A. Such research is all well and good. B. The risk is that we ignore the problem. C. Then there are those who can’t sleep when they try. D. For other people, it’s the demands of work or family. E. But does any of these really compare to the joy of going to sleep? F. Schools could start later to coincide with children’s body rhythms. G. Stressing ourselves out about a lack of sleep can worsen the problem. 【答案】36. E 37. D 38. A 39. G 40. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了睡眠的重要性以及如今的人们存在的一些睡眠问题。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Daily life has its satisfactions, such as the perfect reply to a friend’s text message, the first after-work drink, or the unexpected gift.(日常生活也有它的乐趣，比如完美地回复朋友的短信，下班后的第一杯酒，或者一份意想不到的礼物)”以及后文“That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental embrace of a soft bed.(那一刻，21世纪的混乱生活消失在一个柔软的床上，不带任何评判)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出睡觉的快乐与上文提到这些事物进行比较。故E选项“但是这些真的能和睡觉的快乐相比吗？”符合语境，故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens.(不知何故，我们把这种快乐推到了队列的后面。三分之一的美国成年人报告称睡眠时间少于建议的7小时。我们很多人都觉得休息不足。对一些人来说，问题在于现代生活：电子邮件、待办事项清单和屏幕)”可知，上文提到了一些人的问题，可知本句是在说明其他人休息不足的问题，D选项中For other people对应上文中For some。故D选项“对其他人来说，是工作或家庭的需要”符合语境，故选D。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Now there’s increasing evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, and other problems. Research published in the European Heart Journal reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., no matter how long they slept. (现在，越来越多的证据表明，睡眠不足与抑郁症、癌症和其他问题的高风险有关。发表在《欧洲心脏杂志》上的一项研究报告称，晚上10点至11点睡觉的人心脏病发病率较低，不管他们睡了多长时间)”可知，上文提到了睡眠不足与抑郁症、癌症和其他问题的高风险有关，空格后转折提出对过度追求睡眠的质疑，结合选项可知，A选项“这类研究固然不错”承接上文研究，引出下文转折，故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“But when people overcommit to sleeping well, it can be counter-productive.(但当人们过度致力于睡好觉时，可能会适得其反)”以及后文“In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about ‘orthosomnia’, where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this.(牛津大学教授科林·埃斯皮在他的《克服失眠和睡眠问题》一书中提到了“正睡眠症”，即人们过于专注于睡个好觉，以至于变得过于焦虑而无法入睡。助眠剂的营销也增加了这一点)”可推知，人们过于专注于睡个好觉，以至于变得过于焦虑而无法入睡，即人们因为睡眠原因有很大压力，甚至会出现某些问题。故G选项“因为缺乏睡眠而给自己压力会使问题更加严重。”符合语境，故选G。 【40题详解】 根据上文“Basic sleeping advice is notably consistent, including keeping a regular pattern, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine and taking away all bedroom distractions. Instead of just loading sleep advice on individuals, we could integrate aspects of it into public health.(基本的睡眠建议是非常一致的，包括保持规律的睡眠模式，减少酒精和咖啡因的摄入，消除所有卧室里的干扰。我们可以将睡眠建议整合到公共健康中，而不是仅仅向个人提供睡眠建议)”以及后文“Employers could be sensitive to the different needs of their workers.(雇主可以对员工的不同需求保持敏感)”可知，本句是关于睡觉建议整合到公共健康中的具体论述，故F选项“学校可以推迟开学时间，以适应孩子们的身体节奏”符合语境，故选F。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 The Weight of White Lies A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine. Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego. Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts. People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.” In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second. 41. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)? ________________ 42. What are the ways to kindly deceive others? ________________ 43. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. ________________ 44. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 【答案】41. ①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 42. Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 43. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 44. I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了善意谎言的分量以及相关实验和研究。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 【43题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 【44题详解】 考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 第二节 写作（20分） 45. 假如你是红星中学高中生李华，你所在的校英语戏剧社团（English drama club）正在招募新成员。在你校就读的英国交换生Jim是戏剧爱好者，请你用英语给他写封信，邀请他加入。内容如下： 1．社团的常规活动； 2．报名方式和截止日期。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Hearing that you’re a big fan of drama, I’m excited to tell you that our school’s English Drama Club is looking for new members, and I think you’d be a perfect fit! We hold regular activities every week, including drama rehearsals, script readings, and acting workshops, which are both fun and educational. Joining us would be a great chance to improve your English and showcase your acting talent. If you’re interested, just send an email to our club’s email address with your name and class before next Friday. Don’t miss this wonderful opportunity! I’m looking forward to seeing you on stage. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以高中生李华的身份，给英国交换生Jim写封信，邀请他加入英语戏剧社团，需包含社团活动内容、报名方式及截止日期。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋的：excited → thrilled 有教育意义的：educational→ instructive 提高：improve → boost 展示：showcase → exhibit 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Joining us would be a great chance to improve your English and showcase your acting talent. 拓展句：Joining us would be a great chance that can improve your English and showcase your acting talent. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you’re a big fan of drama, I’m excited to tell you that our school’s English Drama Club is looking for new members, and I think you’d be a perfect fit!(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导的宾语从句和省略了连接词that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】We hold regular activities every week, including drama rehearsals, script readings, and acting workshops, which are both fun and educational.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025～2026学年第一学期9月阶段测评 高三英语 2025年9月 班级__________ 姓名__________ 考号__________ （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） 提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Your first day anywhere can be tough. As a supply teacher, I had one such experience when I was required to work at a special education school. When I received the call asking if I was available that day, a wave of ___1___rushed over me. I’d never taught in a special school before, but I ___2___pulled myself together and drove to the school. On the way there, I had ___3___about everything I couldn’t do. As I ___4___, I was greeted by the head who assured me there was “nothing to worry about”, but I was feeling anything but! I was told I would teach key stage 1. ___5___by their parents, the children began to show up. I tried to hide my anxious feelings, although a few drops of ___6___ were noticeable. The whole class, a total of 8 with various special needs, arrived by 9:30. Contrary to my ___7___, as the day went on, my stress levels went down. The children were expressive, unique and passionate, though there were times that left me slightly ___8___ by their screams. As the day ended, I can ___9___say it was one of the best experiences of my teaching career. I hope anyone will consider working at a special school and allow the passion of the children there to _____10_____their love of teaching. 1. A. sadness B. panic C. anger D. sympathy 2. A. hesitantly B. regularly C. eventually D. desperately 3. A. plans B. opinions C. doubts D. thoughts 4. A. broke up B. sped up C. picked up D. pulled up 5. A. Raised B. Suspected C. Abandoned D. Accompanied 6. A. ink B. sweat C. rain D. blood 7. A. decisions B. predictions C. suggestions D. conclusions 8. A. inspired B. refreshed C. shocked D. satisfied 9. A. honestly B. patiently C. jokingly D. regretfully 10. A. awaken B. earn C. guarantee D. celebrate 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分；共15分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____11____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____12____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by ____13____(divide) a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____14____(consider) healthy. 语法填空。 While engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also ____15____(critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation ____16____ (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals and the process by which they are learning to achieve them? Does every student feel ____17____ (support) at school? Do students understand the value of ____18____ they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens. C Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler ____19____ (become) educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ____20____ (develop) of the local areas. Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____21____ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A 2024 Illustration Competition Enter the competition most respected and admired in the industry for creativity in illustration, the Communication Arts Illustration Competition. Selected by distinguished professionals, the winning entries will be distributed worldwide in the Communication Arts Illustration Annual and on commarts.com, ensuring important exposure of the creations. Each winner will receive a professionalized Award of Excellence, made from solid aluminum, and an award certificate, Communication Art’s Award of Excellence is one of the most desired awards. If chosen, winning places you in the highest ranks of your profession. What To Enter With Any illustration first published or produced from Jan. 2023 to Jan. 2024 is qualified. Entries may originate from any country. Descriptions in English are necessary for the judges to read. Entries Can Be Submitted In The Following Formats Digital Images：RGB images in JPG format with a maximum file size of 2 MB. GIF images may be livelier, but would be turned down, and so would the PNG ones. Motion Entries：In MOV, MP4 or MPG format, with a maximum file size of 500 MB. Illustration Competition Categories & Entry Fees Category Single illustration Series of illustrations Books (covers, jackets, etc.) $40 $80 (limit of 5) Motion (media for films, videos, etc.) $90 $180 (limit of 3) Student Work $20 (Image) $45 (Video) $40 (Images, limit of 5) $90 (Video, limit of 3) For more categories, please download the category PDF. Late Fees Entries must be registered no later than Jan. 13, 2024. Entries registered after that date will be charged a fee of $ 10 each. No entries can be registered after Jan. 27, 2024. 22. What will the winner gain? A. A personalized award certificate. B. A bonus from Communication Arts. C. Exposure to world-famous works. D. Wide recognition in the industry. 23. Which of the following is unfit for the competition? A. A student work from Argentina. B. A newly produced motion entry. C. A PNG image with a file size of 1 MB. D. A series for covers of two illustrations. 24. How much should be paid for three cover illustrations submitted on Jan. 20, 2024? A. $110. B. $90. C. $80. D. $120. The Book Lady It was Jennifer Williams's mother who got her hooked on books. A librarian, she read to her three children every day. “Not until we went to kindergarten,” Williams told vadogwood.com, a local news site. “Until we went to college.” When Williams, now 54, became an elementary school teacher and tutor in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to fall in love with reading just as she had. But early on, she realized that some kids had limited access to books. “It’s very obvious to teachers of young children which kids are read to versus kids who are not,” she said. “It’s obvious at the end of the first day of school.” To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Danville, she gave away 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be satisfied with that. “I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I wanted to do something that’s going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.” So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an unreachable number, but as Williams posted on Facebook: “Don’t complain in the bleachers if you aren’t willing to work hard out on the field.” So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books. Before long, as news of Williams’s project spread, strangers started leaving piles of books on her front porch. As quickly as the books come in, Williams gives them to local schools — free of charge — and also supplies books to little free libraries around the city of 41,000 just over the North Carolina border. She also hosts a book club for prisoners in the local prison. In the four years she's been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has given away more than 78,000 books — only 922,000 more to reach her goal! And she’s not slowing down. It’s too important for kids with few options. “Reading can take you anywhere,” she told CNN. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.” 25. What made Willian interested in reading? A. Her children’s hobby. B. Her mother’s influence. C. A stranger’s encouragement. D. A teacher's impact. 26. Why did William originally contribute so many books? A. To satisfy most people. B. To celebrate the civic event. C. To help students love reading. D. To stretch her faith and work ethic. 27. How did William collect books for her goal? A. By asking her friends to buy books. B. By attaining books from the prison. C. By getting donation from free libraries. D. By receiving donated books from strangers. 28. According to the passage, what words can best describe William? A. helpful and ambitious. B. respectable and innocent. C. hardworking and adventurous. D. determined and humorous. C The myth that scientists are coldly objective and thus never wrong evaporates when one thinks of the number of great ideas in science whose originators were correct in general but wrong in detail. The English physicist John Dalton (1766～1844) gets credit for modern atomic theory, but his mathematical formulas for calculating atomic weights were incorrect. The Polish astronomer Copernicus, who corrected Ptolemy’s ancient concept of an Earth-centered universe, nevertheless was mistaken in the particulars of the planets’ orbits. Luck, too, has played a determining role in scientific discovery. The French chemist Pasteur demonstrated that life does not arise spontaneously from air. But it may have been out of luck that he happened to use an easy-to-kill yeast and not the hay bacillus that another, long-forgotten, investigator had chosen for the same experiment. We now know that hay bacillus is heat-resistant and grows even after the boiling that killed Pasteur’s yeast. If Pasteur had used the hay bacillus, his “proof” would not have materialized. Gregor Mendel, the founder of modern genetics, is a perfect example of the humanness of the scientist. Plant hybridization (杂交) intrigued and puzzled Mendel, an Augustinian monk with some training in mathematics and the natural sciences. He had the basic idea that there might be simple mathematical relationships among plants in different generations. To pursue this hypothesis, he decided to establish experimental plots in the monastery garden at Brunn, raise a number of varieties of peas, interbreed them, count and classify the offspring of each generation, and see whether any reliable mathematical ratios could be inferred. After many years of meticulously growing, harvesting, and counting pea plants, Mendel thought he had something worth talking about. So, in 1865, he appeared before the Brunn Society for the Study of Natural Science, reported on his research, and came up with what have since come to be called the Mendelian laws. Society members listened politely but, insofar as anybody knows, asked few questions and engaged in little discussion. It may even be hat, as he proceeded. a certain suspicion emerged out of the embarrassed silence. After all, Mendel lacked a degree and had published no research. Mendel’s assertion that separate and distinct “elements” of inheritance must exist, despite the fact that he couldn’t produce any, was close to asking the society to accept something on faith. There was no evidence for Mendel’s hypothesis other than his computations, and his wildly unconventional application of algebra to botany made it difficult for his listeners to understand that those computations were the evidence. Mendel undoubtedly died without knowing that his findings on peas had indeed illuminated an almost universal pattern. Luck had been with him in his choice of which particular traits to study. Knowing nothing about genes, let alone the phenomenon of linkage, Mendel was spared failure because the traits that he chose to follow were each controlled separately. The probability of making such a happy choice in random picks is only about l in 163! 29. In Paragraph 1, the author mentions Copernicus in order to ________. A. show scientific progress depends on a variety of factors B. emphasize the achievements of scientists are not always recognized C. prove noted scientists are not always wholly accurate in their theories D. reveal scientists often suffer from professional jealousy and competition 30. In Paragraph 3, the underlined term “humanness” refers to ________. A. an interest in improving the human condition through scientific research B. an attitude of forgiveness toward those who look down uponhim C. the tendency to rely too much on emotion D. a combination of intellect, intuition, and good fortune 31. According to the passage, which is the best saying to describe Mendel’s success? A. You never know your luck. B. No sweet without sweat. C. Every cloud has a silver lining. D. Chance favors the one with a prepared mind. The question of how trucking capacity is growing or declining is common in industry, but the reality is that demand fluctuations are far more important to monitor as they swing much more violently. Since December of 2018, the total tractor count from for-hire fleets (non-private) has grown 18%, according to the FMCSA, but has never shown a monthly change of over 2%. By contrast, the Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI), a measure of total truckload demand, has grown 12% over the same period, but monthly fluctuations topped 20% at times. Even before the pandemic, the OTVI had 5-7% monthly swings in demand. Given the OTVI measures total tenders and is not a pure proxy (指标) for shipments, it is reflective of how fast demand-side conditions change in trucking. The point is that capacity shifts are slow and stable, while demand changes much more rapidly and is very unpredictable over time. This is the consummate struggle of supply chains and transportation companies across the globe — how much infrastructure (capacity) is needed to be able to flex up but not have too much overhead when demand softens? The process of ordering and seating a truck takes close to a year. That truck can haul roughly seven 500-mile loads per week, or 360 loads per year. This only occurs if shipping patterns are consistent and drivers are readily available, and neither are true. So it isn’t a pure question of how much capacity is available in aggregate, but are those trucks available in the right places at the right times in general? This metric is extremely difficult to attain. Since demand is uneven and spread unevenly throughout the country, trucks and drivers need to exceed the number of shipments available. So even if capacity grows by 1%, it just increases the chances that loads will be covered marginally. Probably more important than any of the previous points is that there are already measures of the relationship between supply and demand in trucking. Tender rejection rates (OTRI) and spot rates (NTI) measure when capacity is meeting demand in the contract and spot markets, respectively. There is little use for knowing how much capacity is available in the for-hire freight market other than being interesting. But there is exceptional value in knowing how well capacity and demand are lining up and in what direction they are trending. Since December 2021 tender rejection rates have fallen from over 20% to under 4%, while spot rates are down 27%. Demand-side indicators are probably the most crucial to getting the earliest signs of market shifts, while rejection rates and spot rates answer the two most important questions that companies want answered: Can I get a truck and how much will it cost me? 32. The Outbound Tender Volume Index ________. A. is a proxy for shipments only B. is a measure to track truckload demand C. can tell the current trucking capacity in the US D. can tell the relationship between supply and demand in trucking 33. What problem do supply chains and transportation companies face commonly? A. How capacity can meet the changing demand. B. How capacity and demand can be predicted. C. What facilities are needed to ship the goods. D. What trucks can function the best. 34. What can we tell about OTRI and NTI? A. They are both measures in the contract and spot markets. B. They are of little use to know the capacity and demand. C. They can change the uneven demand situation in the US. D. They can help to tell the companies how market might change. 35. Where can we probably find this passage? A. In a school newspaper. B. In a book. C. In a biography. D. In a magazine. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） Daily life has its satisfactions, such as the perfect reply to a friend’s text message, the first after-work drink, or the unexpected gift. ____36____ That moment when the mess of 21st-century existence disappears into the non-judgmental embrace of a soft bed. Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours. Many of us feel under-rested. For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens. ____37____ Now there’s increasing evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, and other problems. Research published in the European Heart Journal reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m., no matter how long they slept. ____38____ But after the appearance and rise of sleeping aids, is sleep the next part of human experience that will become increasingly tracked, counted and compared? We sigh at LinkedIn users who claim to wake up at Sam and learn Mandarin while meditating. But when people overcommit to sleeping well, it can be counter-productive. ____39____ In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about ‘orthosomnia’, where people are so focused with sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so. The marketing of sleeping aids adds to this. Espie says we each have a sleep pattern that we figure out through trial and error. Genetically, some humans are larks and some are owls; the larks may just have better cardiovascular health. For an owl to try to fight their natural schedule, and sleep earlier, wouldn’t necessarily help. Basic sleeping advice is notably consistent, including keeping a regular pattern, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine and taking away all bedroom distractions. Instead of just loading sleep advice on individuals, we could integrate aspects of it into public health. ____40____ Employers could be sensitive to the different needs of their workers. A good night’s sleep is a profound pleasure. As far as possible, it should also remain a simple one. A. Such research is all well and good. B. The risk is that we ignore the problem. C. Then there are those who can’t sleep when they try. D. For other people, it’s the demands of work or family. E. But does any of these really compare to the joy of going to sleep? F. Schools could start later to coincide with children’s body rhythms. G. Stressing ourselves out about a lack of sleep can worsen the problem. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 The Weight of White Lies A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine. Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego. Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts. People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.” In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second. 41. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)? ________________ 42. What are the ways to kindly deceive others? ________________ 43. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. ________________ 44. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 第二节 写作（20分） 45. 假如你是红星中学高中生李华，你所在的校英语戏剧社团（English drama club）正在招募新成员。在你校就读的英国交换生Jim是戏剧爱好者，请你用英语给他写封信，邀请他加入。内容如下： 1．社团的常规活动； 2．报名方式和截止日期。 注意：1．词数100左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $