Unit 2 Grammar 课件-2025-2026学年外研版（2024）英语八年级上册

该初中英语课件围绕“现在完成时”这一核心语法点展开，通过《The Selfish Giant》故事脉络与真实语境融合，从过去经历对现在的影响切入，自然衔接一般过去时与现在完成时的差异，构建清晰的语言知识支架，帮助学生在理解、运用中掌握for/since引导的时间状语及延续性动词的使用规则。 其亮点在于紧扣新课标核心素养，以语言能力为基，文化意识为引，思维品质为核，实现多维育人。例如，学生在讨论“分享经历”时，借助课文表达结构（如“Sharing has allowed me…”）进行输出训练，既提升语言组织能力，又深化对友善、合作等价值观的理解，同时通过对比“have been to”与“have gone to”的用法，发展逻辑推理能力。教师可借此设计分层任务，兼顾基础巩固与高阶思维培养，有效提升课堂效率与学生参与度。

Getting along Unit 2 Grammar Story Mountain He_____________(be away) for a long time. Beginning The Giant has a large_______. So the children______in it every afternoon. One day, the Giant ________ . He shouts at the children in a very _____voice. So the children ________ . Since then, he __________(not see)a child here. And the spring __________(not come) since last year. One morning , the Giant hears birds_________. He____________(not hear) the beautiful bird song for a while. He believe the spring __________(come) because of the chidren. He thinks he________(be) selfish before. garden has been away play comes back angry run away hasn’t seen hasn’t come The Giant____________the wall and tells___________the garden is theirs. Rising Action Climax Ending singing hasn’t heard has come has been knocks down the children Review 2 have / haven’t done has / hasn’t done done:过去分词 Present perfect tense 现在完成时 动词结构 时态含义 1. 动作发生在过去、已完成、对现在有影响。 2. 动作开始于过去，持续到现在，有可能继续下去。 Grammar 时态标志词 yet（还；尚未）：多用于否定句、疑问句末尾，表动作“未完成”。 just（刚刚）：放 have/has 后，强调动作“刚完成”，时间跨度短。 already（已经）：多用于肯定句，常放 have/has 后、过去分词前，强调动作“完成且对现在有影响”。 过去分词的变化规律 1.规则变化 动词 变化规则 例词 一般动词 work → 不发音的 e 结尾 live → 重读闭音节末尾 （辅-元-辅） stop → “辅音字母 + y” 结尾 study → “元音字母 + y” 结尾 play → 直接+ ed 去e+ed worked lived stopped 双写尾字母 + ed studied 变 y为 i + ed played 直接加 + ed 2.不规则变化 类型 例词 hurt cost lose build come run eat fall A- A- A A- B- B A- B- A A- B- C - hurt- hurt - lost- lost - came- come - ate- eaten - cost- cost - built- built - ran- run - fell- fallen Grammar He hasn't heard the beautiful bird song for a while. Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. And the spring hasn’t come since last year. And the spring hasn’t come since the Giant drove the children away. 规则总结：现在完成时的标志词for/since for+__________ since+___________ 表示时间的名词（短语） 一般过去时的句子 时间段 时间点 现在完成时通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，这类状语通常由for或since引导。 Grammar 国家中小学课程资源 5 1. We have been friends ______ Grade 3. 2. They have been together _____ three years. 3. ______ last year, we’ve shared a lot of happy moments. Complete the sentences with for or since. for since Since Practise more: 4. Lily has worked in China ______ a long time. 5. This couple have been married ______ about thirty years. 6. My brother has been in that team ______ he moved there. for for since for+时间段 since+时间点 Practice 国家中小学课程资源 延续性动词 VS 非延续性动词 延续性动词（live, work, know）可以表示持续的动作或状态，能与 for/since 连用。 非延续性动词（go, buy, die）表示瞬间动作，不能直接接 for/since，否则逻辑错误。 非延续性动词 对应的延续性表达 例句 go / come/arrive/reach be (in/at) He has been in Beijing for 3 days. buy have He has had the bike for a week. die be dead His dog has been dead since 2022. leave be away She has been away for 3 days. borrow keep I have kept the book since Monday. I have come here for 5 years. I have been/lived here for 5 years. I have bought this book for a week. I have kept/had this book for a week. 非延续性动词有现在完成时，但是不可与表示时间段的词连用 如若连用，必须把瞬间动词变成相应语义的延续性动词 Grammar 部分非延续性动词（词组）和与之对应的延续性动词（词组）： 非延续性动词（词组） 延续性动词（词组） become be get up be up fall asleep be asleep make friends be friends finish be over leave be away (from) open/close be open/closed lose be lost join be a member of/be in begin/start be on turn on/off be on/off marry/get married be married 8 The Giant has been to the garden. have gone to VS have been to The Giant has gone to the garden. 去了某地,还没回来 去过某地,已经回来 Grammar BY YUSHEN 单项选择 1. — How long have you ______ in this school? — For about three years. A. studied B. begun to study C. start studying D. study 2. We have been good friends ______ we were in Grade Seven. A. for B. since C. when D. while 3. My parents ______ in this city ______ ten years. A. have lived; for B. lived; since C. have lived; since D. live; for 4. — Has your sister ______ the USA? — Yes. She has ______ there for two years. A. been to; been B. gone to; gone C. been to; gone D. gone to; been 5. The old man has worked in the factory ______ he was twenty. A. for B. since C. until D. before A B A D （解析：现在完成时与延续性动词搭配，“study” 是延续性动词，“begin”、“start” 是短暂性动词。） （解析：“has gone to”表示去了未回；“has been to”表示去过已回；“for two years”要用延续性状态“been”。） B Exercise Complete the news article with for, since or the correct form of the words in brackets. for offers since have been for enjoys since since Why does this short passage use several different tenses? Practice 国家中小学课程资源 11 BY YUSHEN 一般现在时VS一般过去时VS现在完成时 时态 时间维度 核心语用功能 课文例句 一般现在时 1.习惯性、规律性动作 2.客观事实 1. 描述习惯性、经常性的动作（常搭配 often, usually等）； 2. 陈述客观真理、事实 3. 表达当前的状态或能力 Every year, on 22 March - his birthday- he offers creams. 一般过去时 过去的“某个具体时间点” 或 “时间段” 1.描述过去发生且已结束的动作（常搭配 yesterday, last week, in 2022 等明确过去时间状语）； 2.过去的一次性事件或过去的状态 Some students helped hinset up social media pages. 现在完成时 1.过去开始的动作/状态，持续到现在 2.过去动作对现在有影响 1.动作从过去开始，持续到现在（常搭配 for 、since 等） 2. 表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成了结果或影响（常搭配 already, yet, ever, never 等） 1. The 74-year-old man has sold ice creams for 17 years. 2. He has done this since his 70th birthday. Grammar 1. When does Jimmy Teng offer free ice creams? Every year, on 22 March. 2. How does he feel about sharing? Sharing has made him feel happy. 3. What do you think are the priceless gifts? I think the priceless gifts here are not just the free ice creams, but also the joy of sharing and the friendships he built. for offers since have been for enjoys since since Shared joy is a double joy. What have you learnt from the news article? Have you ever shared something with others? 国家中小学课程资源 Work in pairs. Discuss your experience of sharing. Use the words and expressions from the reading passage and the Useful expressions to help you. Sharing really brings... Sharing has allowed /shown/taught me... One day... Since then, ... How does sharing make you feel? It makes me feel... I have shared... with... for/since... Sample A: When did it happen? B: It happened last year. It was our school trip to City Park. A: What happened? B: My classmate Lin Mei forgot to bring her lunch. She was hungry and sad. A: That’s really bad. Who helped her? B: I shared my fried rice with her. Two other classmates shared their fruit and milk with her. Pair-work 国家中小学课程资源 Sharing really brings... Sharing has allowed /shown/taught me... One day... Since then, ... How does sharing make you feel? It makes me feel... I have shared... with... for/since... A: When did it happen? B: It happened… A: What happened? B: … A: That’s really… What did you do? B: I shared... with… A: You were really kind! How does sharing make you feel? B: It makes me feel... A: What have you learnt from it? B: Sharing has allowed / shown / taught me… A: That’s very nice. Discuss your experience of sharing Pair-work 国家中小学课程资源 1.Try to retell the news article on Page 23. (C) 2.Write a paragraph about your experience of sharing.(AB) Choose to do:make a list of the problems that you meet when you get along with your friends Homework 国家中小学课程资源 16 $