高考英语长难句分析 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
Teaching Aims:
- 了解从难句的构成，学会长难句的拆解
- 学会长难句的拆解，帮助理解语篇，从而帮助做题；
回顾五大基本句型
长难句构成部分
How is a long sentence formed?
He works hard.
He works hard for a company.(介词短语prepositional phrases)
He works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.( 从句clauses)
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.（非谓语动词non-predicate verbs）
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002 and most of his workmates show great respect for him.(并列结构parallel structures)
A long sentence
Step 1 Self-study
- 说出划线部分是修饰语中的哪一种?
1.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. (22乙B)
2.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. (21甲D)
- 找出句子主干
Mr. Bao, a nice gentleman of medium height with short black hair, is our geography teacher, who is strict with us and devoted to his work, thus deeply loved and admired by his students.
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总结：三步读懂长难句，一找二括三划线
第一步：找标点，逗号，破折号中间基本可以判定为插入语，可以直接去掉
第二步：括修饰语：介短，非谓语动词和从句
第三步：划主干
小刀牛试，判断正误。
- I have many books, some of them were bought by mother.
- I have many books, and some of them were bought by mother.
- I have many books, some of which were bought by mother.
答案：X X √
真题实战分析：
一找：找标点，逗号，破折号中间基本可以判定为插入语，可以直接去掉
- Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world that is far busier, nosier and more intimate(亲密的) than the one we can see and hear. （全国二卷）
- Bed that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间） all make life difficult for those of above average height.
二括：给修饰语modifiers介短，非谓和从句加（）。
- Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全国一卷语法填空题)
- For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others.(全国二卷D篇)
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，划主干，逻辑关系要注意。
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.(全国一卷阅读D篇)
Many scholars are making efforts to________________.
- Promote global languages.
- Rescue the disappearing language.
- Search for languages communities.
- Set up languages research organizations.
答案：B
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课堂巩固练习(注意一找二括三会意)
- Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get.(全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack?
- It makes noise.
- It gets help from other plants.
- It stands quietly.
- It sends out certain chemicals.
- The world’s longest sea bridge, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge,____________(link) Hong Kong and Macau to mainland China.
- I sat, in uniform, in a window seat,____________(avoid) eye contact with my fellow passegers.
- A pair of red shoes---whether they are for sports, dances or just fashion---____________(be) a must-have for every Chinese woman’s shoe collection.
- The film you look forward to___________(come) out soon.
- Is this the factory___________you visited last week?
- Is this factory ___________you worked last year?(选择题)
- the one B. which C. where
答案：1. D 2. links 3. avoiding 4. is 5. will come 6. that/which 7. A
Step 2 Exercise and explanation.
[高考I卷C] Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.
主语___________,谓语____________
翻译：
Exe.
1. (全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2.(新高考I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether_________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
答案：1.listening 2.to bite; or 3.built
【全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
主干_______________________, 句中if引导______从句，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity为_________语,对句子进行补充作用,a history 后的that引导______从句，主句后面because引导的状语从句中包含了while引导的______从句。
翻译：
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