内容正文:
中考重难点语法【代词】考点提炼&专项练习
中考重难点语法【代词】考点提炼 & 专项练习(分阶段)
第一阶段:基础巩固 —— 掌握核心代词的基本用法
考点提炼(3 大基础类别)
此阶段聚焦 “词义 + 语法功能”,重点掌握以下三类代词的基础应用,确保不丢基础分:
代词类别
核心考点
易错提醒
人称代词
1. 主格(I/you/he/she/it/we/they)作主语,位于动词前;
2. 宾格(me/you/him/her/it/us/them)作宾语,位于动词或介词后。
避免主格、宾格混用,如 “Thank he”(错误)→ “Thank him”(正确)。
物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+ 名词,作定语;
2. 名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs)= 形容词性物主代词 + 名词,可作主语、宾语、表语。
区分 “形容词性≠名词性”,如 “这是我的书”→ “This is my book”(形容词性 + 名词)/ “This book is mine”(名词性,单独用)。
指示代词
1. 近指:this(单数)/these(复数);远指:that(单数)/those(复数);
2. that/those 可指代前文提到的单数 / 复数名词(避免重复),如 “The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou”。
打电话时用 “this is...” 介绍自己,“who is that?” 询问对方,不用 “here”“there”。
基础巩固专项练习
1.用括号内代词的适当形式填空:
(1)My mother is a teacher. ______ (she) works in a middle school. I often help ______ (she) with her work.
(2)—Is this pencil ______ (you)?
—No, it isn’t. ______ (I) is in the pencil-box.
(3)The population of Shanghai is larger than ______ (that/those) of Nanjing.
2.单项选择:
(1)—Who taught ______ English last term?
—Nobody. I learned it by .
A. your; myself B. you; me C. you; myself D. your; me
(2) is important for us to learn English well.
A. This B. That C. It D. These
第二阶段:难点突破 —— 攻克高频易错代词
考点提炼(4 大易错类别)
此阶段是中考代词的 “提分关键”,聚焦不定代词、反身代词、疑问代词的辨析与固定用法:
1. 不定代词(中考高频,占代词考点 40%)
类别
核心用法
易错辨析
some/any
some:用于肯定句、表请求 / 建议的疑问句(Would you like some...);
any:用于否定句、疑问句、条件句。
避免 “疑问句必用 any”,如 “Could you give me ______ water?”(填 some,表请求)。
both/either/neither
both(两者都):+ 复数动词,搭配 “both...and...”;
either(两者中任一):+ 单数动词,搭配 “either...or...”(就近原则);
neither(两者都不):+ 单数动词,搭配 “neither...nor...”(就近原则)。
区分 “数量范围”:三者及以上用 “all/none”,两者用 “both/either/neither”,如 “______ of the two boys is from China”(填 Either,不可填 Any)。
each/every
each(每个,强调个体):可指两者或以上,可单独作主语 / 宾语;
every(每个,强调整体):只指三者或以上,不能单独作主语,需 + 名词。
“each of + 复数名词” 后接单数动词,如 “Each of the students ______ (have) a book”(填 has)。
something/anything/nothing
something(某物,肯定);anything(任何物,否定 / 疑问);nothing(没什么,表否定);
修饰词(形容词)需后置,如 “something interesting”(有趣的事)。
避免 “形容词前置”,如 “interesting something”(错误)→ “something interesting”(正确)。
2. 反身代词(常考 “固定搭配”)
核心形式:myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
必记搭配:
by oneself(独自) - help oneself to...(随便吃 / 用)
enjoy oneself(玩得开心) - hurt oneself(伤到自己)
易错点:反身代词不能作主语,主语必须是 “人”(如 “Myself did it” 错误,需改为 “I did it myself”)。
3. 疑问代词(侧重 “语境辨析”)
who(谁,主格)/whom(谁,宾格)/whose(谁的,后接名词或单独用);
what(什么,问事物 / 职业)/which(哪一个,问 “在限定范围内选择”)。
例:“______ is your favorite subject?”(填 What,无范围);“______ of the two books do you like?”(填 Which,有范围)。
4. it 的特殊用法(高频考点)
作形式主语:代替 “to do/that 从句”,结构为 “It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do sth.”(如 It’s easy for me to learn English);
作形式宾语:代替 “to do/that 从句”,结构为 “主语 + 动词 + it + adj. + to do sth.”(如 I find it difficult to finish the work);
指代时间 / 天气 / 距离:如 “It is 7 o’clock now.”“It is raining.”“It is 5 kilometers from here.”。
难点突破专项练习
1.用括号内不定代词的适当形式填空:
(1)—Would you like ______ (some/any) coffee?
—Yes, please. And I need ______ (some/any) sugar too.
(2)______ (Both/Either/Neither) Tom nor his sister likes playing basketball, so they never go to the gym.
(3)There is ______ (something/anything/nothing) wrong with my phone. It can’t work.
2.单项选择:
(1)—______ bag is this? Is it yours, Maria?
—No, it’s not mine. It must be ______.
A. Whose; someone else B. Who; someone else’s C. Whose; someone else’s D. Who; someone else
(2)My parents and I are ______ interested in music, so we often go to concerts together.
A. both B. all C. either D. neither
(3)The teacher thinks ______ important for students to practice speaking English every day.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
第三阶段:综合提升 —— 结合语境灵活运用
考点提炼(2 大综合能力)
此阶段聚焦 “代词在语境中的辨析” 和 “跨语法结合”(如代词与时态、主谓一致的搭配),是中考高分的 “分水岭”:
1.语境辨析:通过上下文判断代词指代对象(如指代前文的人 / 物 / 事),避免 “单看语法不看语境”;
2.跨语法结合:不定代词(如 each/neither)与主谓一致的搭配、反身代词与固定句型的结合、it 与从句的结合。
综合提升专项练习
1. 完形填空(节选):
Last weekend, my family and I went hiking. My brother forgot to bring his water bottle, so I gave ______ (him/his) some of mine. On the way, we saw a small dog. ______ (It/They) looked hungry, so we shared our sandwiches with ______ (it/them). When we got home, my parents said, “You two helped each other and cared for animals. We are proud of ______ (yourselves/yourself).”
2. 阅读理解选句(代词指代题):
Read the following sentence and choose what “it” refers to.
“Tom planted a small tree in his garden last year. Now it is tall and strong.”
A. Tom’s garden B. the small tree C. last year D. Tom
3. 句型转换(结合代词与语法):
(1)He found that learning English is difficult.(改为用 it 作形式宾语的句子)
He found ______ ______ to learn English.
(2)Both Lucy and Lily are good at singing.(改为否定句,表 “两者都不”)
______ Lucy ______ Lily is good at singing.
答案参考
第一阶段:基础巩固
(1)She; her (2)yours; Mine (3)that
(1)C (2)C
第二阶段:难点突破
(1)some; some (2)Neither (3)something
(1)C (2)B (3)B
第三阶段:综合提升
him; It; it; yourselves
B
(1)it difficult (2)Neither; nor
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