Unit 6 语法讲义:一般将来时(be going to)+ 动词不定式作宾语 2025-2026学年人教版(2024)英语八年级上册
八年级上册 Unit 6 语法讲义:
一般将来时(be going to)+动词不定式作宾语
(重难点、易错点+中考真题+强化训练)
一、“be going to” 一般将来时
(一)定义深度解析
“be going to” 结构是英语中表达将来时态的核心结构之一,核心语义包含 “主观计划” 与 “客观预测” 两层。它并非单纯表示 “未来时间”,而是强调主语在当前时间点已具备明确的行动意向或可观察到的未来事件征兆。
• 主观计划层面:需体现 “预先思考 + 潜在准备”,
如 “I'm going to prepare for the exam this weekend.”(我打算这周末备考),隐含 “已确定复习范围、准备好复习资料” 等前置动作;
• 客观预测层面:必须基于 “当前可见证据”,而非主观猜测,
如 “Look at the broken window—someone is going to get into trouble.”(看那扇破窗户,有人要惹麻烦了),破窗户是预测的直接依据。
(二)结构形式全面拆解
1. 肯定句:
主语 + be(am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形 + 时间 / 地点 / 方式状语
• 主语与 be 动词的匹配规则:
◦ 第一人称单数(I)→ am;第一人称复数(we)→ are;
◦ 第二人称(you/you)→ are;
◦ 第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词)→ is;
◦ 第三人称复数(they / 复数名词)→ are。
• 状语补充要求:
◦ 若未明确时间 / 地点,句子语义不完整,
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
如 “He is going to take art lessons.”(不完整)
→ “He is going to take art lessons next Monday at the community center.”(完整,补充时间 + 地点)。
例:They are going to visit the history museum by bus next Friday.(他们下周五打算坐公交车去参观历史博物馆)。
2. 否定句:主语 + be(am/is/are) + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
• 缩写形式规范:
am not 无缩写(不可写作 “amn't”);is not → isn't;are not → aren't。
• 否定语气差异:
直接否定 “be going to” 表示 “取消原有计划”,
如 “She isn't going to read more books about IT.”(她不打算读更多 IT 相关书籍了),隐含 “之前有此计划,现在改变想法”;若用 “have no plan to do”,则表示 “从未有过计划”。
• 例句:We are not going to hold the party in the park because of the rain.(因为下雨,我们不打算在公园举办派对了)。
- 一般疑问句:
Be(Am/Is/Are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
• 语序变化要点:将 be 动词提前至句首,首字母大写,句末用问号;
• 主语第一人称(I/we)需转换为第二人称(you),be 动词同步调整,
如 “I am going to exercise.”→ “Are you going to exercise?”。
• 回答格式固定:
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + be.(不可省略 be 动词,如不可说 “Yes, I.”);
否定回答:No, 主语 + be + not.(可缩写,如 “No, I'm not.”“No, she isn't.”)。
• 例句:
◦ 问句:Is your brother going to join the football team this term?(你弟弟这学期打算加入足球队吗?)
◦ 肯定回答:Yes, he is.(是的,他打算。)
◦ 否定回答:No, he isn't. He's going to join the basketball team.(不,他不打算。他打算加入篮球队。)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + be(am/is/are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
• 常用特殊疑问词及提问对象:
◦ What → 提问 “做的事情”(What are you going to buy?);
◦ When → 提问 “时间”(When is she going to leave?);
◦ Where → 提问 “地点”(Where are they going to have lunch?);
◦ How → 提问 “方式”(How is he going to solve the problem?);
◦ Why → 提问 “原因”(Why are you going to change your plan?)。
• 注意事项:疑问词后需紧跟 be 动词,不可遗漏,
如 “错误:What you are going to do? 正确:What are you going to do?”。
• 例句:Why is your sister going to take extra English classes?(你妹妹为什么打算上额外的英语课?)
(三)用法场景拓展
1. 表达未来计划和打算(核心场景)
• 适用语境:职业规划、日常安排、节日计划等,需体现 “长期规划” 或 “短期明确安排”。
◦ 职业规划:“She is going to study medicine in college because she wants to be a doctor.”(她打算在大学学医,因为她想成为一名医生),体现长期职业目标;
◦ 日常安排:“My family is going to clean the house this Saturday morning and visit my grandparents in the afternoon.”(我们家这周六上午打算打扫房子,下午去看望祖父母),明确短期具体安排;
◦ 节日计划:“They are going to make dumplings and watch the Spring Festival Gala on New Year's Eve.”(他们打算除夕包饺子、看春晚),结合传统节日场景。
2. 预测未来发生的事(基于现有迹象)
• 迹象类型:自然现象、客观事实、他人行为等,不可用于 “无依据的猜测”。
◦ 自然现象:“The wind is blowing strongly and the sky is dark—it's going to snow heavily.”(风刮得很大,天很黑,马上要下大雪了),基于天气迹象预测;
◦ 客观事实:“The water in the pot is boiling—someone is going to make tea.”(壶里的水开了,有人要泡茶了),基于客观动作预测结果;
学科网(北京)股份有限公司