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中考重难点语法【介词】考点提炼&专项练习
中考介词核心考点提炼
介词主要用来表示名词、代词等与句中其他词之间的时间、地点、方式、原因等关系。
一、 时间介词 (Prepositions of Time)
at, on, in
1.at: 用于具体的时间点(at 7:00, at noon, at night, at midnight)或短暂的节日(at Christmas, at Spring Festival)。
2.on: 用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午/下午/晚上(on Monday, on October 1st, on a rainy morning, on the evening of my birthday)。
3.in: 用于较长的时间段,如世纪、年、月、季节、上午/下午/晚上(in the 21st century, in 2023, in May, in summer, in the morning)。
for, since
1.for: 后接一段时间,表示动作或状态持续了多久(for two hours, for three days, for a long time)。重点: 回答"How long..."的问题。
2.since: 后接一个具体的时间点,表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始,持续到现在(since 1999, since last week, since he left)。常与完成时连用。
during, through
1.during: 表示“在……期间”,强调时间段内的某个时间点或动作(during the holiday, during the meeting)。
2.through: 表示“从头到尾,贯穿整个时期”,强调自始至终(through the night, through the whole year)。
by, until/till
1.by: 表示“不迟于……,在……之前”(by tomorrow, by the end of this month)。
2.until/till: 表示动作或状态“持续到……为止”(I waited until 10 o'clock.)。
二、 地点方位介词 (Prepositions of Place)
at, in, on
1. at: 用于一个具体的、较小的地点(at the door, at the bus stop, at home, at the end of the street)。
2.in: 用于一个较大的、被包围的空间或区域(in China, in the park, in the room, in the box)。
3.on: 表示“在……表面上”(on the wall, on the table, on the page),或“在一条线上”(on the road, on the river, on the coast)。
above, over, below, under
1. above 和 over 都表示“在……上方”。over 常强调正上方,或有“覆盖、越过”之意(a bridge over the river)。above 仅表示位置高于,不一定是正上方。
2. below 和 under 都表示“在……下方”。under 常强调正下方(The cat is under the table)。below 仅表示位置低于。
between, among
1. between: 用于两者之间(between you and me)。
2. among: 用于三者或三者以上之间(among the students)。
across, through
1. across: 表示从物体表面“横穿、穿过”(walk across the street, swim across the river)。
2. through: 表示从物体内部“穿过、通过”(walk through the forest, drive through the tunnel)。
to, into, onto
1.to: 表示运动的方向,“到,向”(go to school)。
2.into: 表示“进入……内部”(jump into the water)。
3.onto: 表示“到……表面上”(jump onto the stage)。
三、 方式、手段、原因介词 (Prepositions of Manner, Means and Reason)
1.by, with, in
by: 表示“通过……方式或交通工具”(by bus, by train, by doing sth.)。
with: 表示“使用某种具体工具或材料”(write with a pen, cut with scissors, filled with water)。
in: 表示“用某种语言、材料或方式”(write in English, speak in a loud voice, in pencil)。
2.for, because of
1.for: 表示目的,“为了……”(for fun, for health)。
2.because of: 表示原因,“因为,由于”(because of the rain)。
介词专项分类练习
练习一:时间介词填空 (at, on, in, for, since)
1. My family usually has a big dinner ______ Christmas Eve.
2.The meeting will start ______ 2:30 ______ the afternoon.
3. He has lived in Shanghai ______ ten years.
4. She has been a teacher ______ she graduated from university.
5. We often go swimming ______ summer.
练习二:地点方位介词填空 (at, in, on, between, among, across, through)
1. Look! There is a bird ______ the tree.
2. The bank is ______ the end of this road.
3. The secret is ______ you and me.
4. The brave soldier walked ______ the dark forest alone.
5. You can see many famous paintings ______ these works of art.
练习三:方式手段介词填空 (by, with, in)
1. My father goes to work ______ subway every day.
2. Please write your name ______ a black pen.
3. The little girl cut the paper ______ a pair of scissors.
4. Can you sing this song ______ English?
5. We solved the problem ______ working together.
练习四:综合选择填空
1. — How do you usually go to school?
— I usually go to school ______ foot, but sometimes ______ my father's car.
A. by; by
B. on; in
C. on; by
D. by; in
2. The sunlight is coming in ______ the window.
A. across
B. through
C. over
D. between
3. We are all proud ______ our great country.
A. for
B. of
C. with
D. to
4. — How long have you learned English?
— ______ about six years.
A. In
B. For
C. Since
D. By
5. Don't worry ______ me. I can take good care ______ myself.
A. about; of
B. with; about
C. of; about
D. about; for
参考答案与解析
练习一:
1. on (Christmas Eve是具体的一天)
2. at; in (具体时间点用at,上午/下午/晚上用in)
3. for (后接一段时间ten years)
4. since (后接一个时间点(从句),且主句是完成时)
5. in (季节前用in)
练习二:
1. in (鸟在树叶之中,被包围的空间)
2. at (路的尽头是一个具体的点)
3. between (两者之间)
4. through (从森林内部穿过)
5. among (在许多艺术品之中)
练习三:
1. by (乘坐交通工具)
2. with (使用具体的工具)
3. with (使用具体的工具)
4. in (使用某种语言)
5. by (通过某种方式)
练习四:
1. B (on foot是固定搭配;in one's car也是固定搭配,用in)
2. B (阳光从窗户“内部”穿过,用through)
3. B (be proud of是固定搭配,“为……感到骄傲”)
4. B (回答how long,且about six years是一段时间,用for)
5. A (worry about和take care of都是固定搭配)
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