内容正文:
人教版 选择性必修三 UNIT 2 Healthy lifestyle. 同步词汇笔记
序号
单词
派生词
核心考点
单词速记
例句
1
tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n. 烟草;烟叶
无
1. tobacco products(烟草制品)2. grow tobacco(种植烟草)
直接记忆“烟草”,联想“吸烟有害健康”
Tobacco smoking is one of the main causes of lung cancer.(吸烟是导致肺癌的主要原因之一。)
2
alcohol /ˈælkəhɒl/ n. 酒;酒精
1. alcoholic /ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk/ adj. 酒精的;n. 酒鬼2. alcohol-free /ˌælkəhɒlˈfriː/ adj. 无酒精的
1. alcohol content(酒精含量)2. consume alcohol(饮酒)
联想“酒中的主要成分”→酒精
He doesn't consume alcohol at all because of his health.(出于健康考虑,他从不饮酒。)
3
abuse /əˈbjuːs/ n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂 /əˈbjuːz/ vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
1. abusive /əˈbjuːsɪv/ adj. 辱骂的;虐待的2. abuse of power(权力滥用,固定短语)
1. drug abuse(药物滥用)2. abuse one's authority(滥用职权)
“abuse=滥用;虐待”,联想“不合理使用即滥用”
Child abuse is a serious crime that must be punished.(虐待儿童是必须受到惩罚的严重罪行。)
4
physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/ adj. 身体的;客观存在的;物理学的
1. physically /ˈfɪzɪkəli/ adv. 身体上;物理上2. physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ n. 物理学
1. physical health(身体健康)2. physical exercise(体育锻炼)
“physical=身体的”,区别于“mental(心理的)”
Regular physical exercise helps improve one's immunity.(规律的体育锻炼有助于提高免疫力。)——2021年新课标全国卷Ⅱ例句
5
dominate /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ vt.&vi. 支配;控制;占有优势
1. dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj. 主导的;占优势的2. domination /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 支配;控制
1. dominate the market(主导市场)2. dominate over others(控制他人)
“dominate=支配”,联想“在某领域占主导地位”
This technology company dominates the global smartphone market.(这家科技公司主导全球智能手机市场。)
6
repeatedly /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 重复地
1. repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ vt.&vi. 重复;n. 重复2. repetition /ˌreprəˈtɪʃn/ n. 重复
1. make mistakes repeatedly(反复犯错)2. explain repeatedly(反复解释)
“repeat(重复)+ -ly”→重复地
He reminded his students of the rules repeatedly to avoid mistakes.(他反复提醒学生规则,以防出错。)
7
psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学;心理影响
1. psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 心理的;心理学的2. psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理学家
1. educational psychology(教育心理学)2. psychological pressure(心理压力)
“psychology=心理学”,联想“研究心理的学科”
She decided to study psychology at university to help people with mental health issues.(她决定在大学学习心理学,帮助有心理健康问题的人。)
8
cue /kjuː/ n. 提示;暗示;信号 vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示)
无
1. take a cue from(从……得到提示)2. give sb a cue(给某人提示)
联想“舞台表演时的‘提示信号’”→提示
The singer waited for the pianist's cue to start singing.(歌手等待钢琴家的提示开始演唱。)
9
in response to 回答;答复
无
in response to sth(作为对……的回答/答复)
“response(回答)”的固定搭配,表“回应”
The government released a statement in response to public concerns.(政府针对公众关切发布了声明。)——2022年浙江卷例句
10
reward /rɪˈwɔːd/ n. 回报;奖励;报酬 vt. 奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
1. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 有益的;值得的2. rewardless /rɪˈwɔːdləs/ adj. 无回报的(反义词)
1. reward sb for sth(因某事奖励某人)2. material reward(物质奖励)
“reward=奖励”,联想“付出后的回报”
The school rewarded her for winning the national English competition.(学校因她赢得全国英语竞赛而奖励了她。)
11
rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi. 依赖;依靠;信赖 rely on 依赖;依靠;信赖
1. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的;可信赖的2. reliance /rɪˈlaɪəns/ n. 依赖;依靠
rely on sb/sth(依赖某人/某物,不可用于被动)
“rely=依赖”,搭配“on”使用
You can rely on him—he always keeps his promises.(你可以信赖他,他总是信守承诺。)——2020年山东卷例句
12
facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ vt. 促进;促使;使便利
facilitation /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 促进;便利
1. facilitate communication(促进沟通)2. facilitate teamwork(促进团队合作)
“facilitate=促进”,联想“让事情更便利”
Online tools can facilitate the exchange of ideas between students.(在线工具能促进学生之间的思想交流。)
13
examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验
1. examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 检查;考试2. exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ n. 考试(口语缩写)
1. examine a patient(检查病人)2. examine papers(批改试卷)
“examine=检查”,联想“医生检查病人,老师测验学生”
The doctor examined his eyes carefully and found no problems.(医生仔细检查了他的眼睛,未发现异常。)
14
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的;有害的;否定的
1. negatively /ˈneɡətɪvli/ adv. 消极地;否定地2. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的(反义词)
1. negative attitude(消极态度)2. negative impact(负面影响)
“negative=消极的”,对应“positive(积极的)”
Don't have a negative view of yourself—you're capable of more.(别对自己有消极看法,你能做到更多。)
15
escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯;滚梯
无
1. take the escalator(乘自动扶梯)2. escalator to the 3rd floor(到三楼的自动扶梯)
联想“商场里‘自动上下’的楼梯”→自动扶梯
She took the escalator up to the shopping mall's food court.(她乘自动扶梯到商场的美食区。)
16
straight away 立即;马上
无
do sth straight away(立即做某事,同义短语:right away)
“straight(直接)+ away(离开)”→“直接行动”→立即
If you notice a fire, call the fire department straight away.(如果发现火灾,立即拨打消防电话。)
17
pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的
1. pessimism /ˈpesɪmɪzəm/ n. 悲观;悲观主义2. optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj. 乐观的(反义词)
be pessimistic about sth(对某事悲观)
“pessimistic=悲观的”,记“pess-”表“负面”
He is pessimistic about the future of the project due to funding issues.(由于资金问题,他对项目前景感到悲观。)
18
discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 自制力;纪律;学科 vt. 自我控制;管教;处罚
1. disciplined /ˈdɪsəplɪnd/ adj. 遵守纪律的2. undisciplined /ˌʌnˈdɪsəplɪnd/ adj. 无纪律的(反义词)
1. military discipline(军事纪律)2. discipline oneself(自我约束)
“discipline=纪律;约束”,联想“军队需要纪律”
Good discipline is crucial for students to achieve academic success.(良好的纪律对学生取得学业成功至关重要。)
19
pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸;药片
无
1. take pills(吃药丸)2. sleeping pill(安眠药)
联想“圆形或椭圆形的‘药物’”→药丸
She takes a pill every morning to control her blood sugar.(她每天早上吃一片药控制血糖。)
20
delete /dɪˈliːt/ v. 删去;删除
1. deletion /dɪˈliːʃn/ n. 删除2. deleted /dɪˈliːtɪd/ adj. 已删除的
1. delete a file(删除文件)2. delete by mistake(误删)
“delete=删除”,联想“电脑操作中的‘删除’功能”
He accidentally deleted all his photos while cleaning his phone.(他清理手机时不小心删除了所有照片。)
21
decide on 决定;选定
无
decide on sth(决定某事/选定某物,后接名词/代词)
“decide(决定)+ on(针对)”→“针对某事做决定”
We haven't decided on a venue for the company party yet.(我们还没选定公司派对的场地。)
22
make up one’s mind 下定决心
无
make up one's mind to do sth(下定决心做某事)
“mind(想法)”→“统一想法”→下定决心
After thinking for a month, she finally made up her mind to study abroad.(思考了一个月后,她终于下定决心出国留学。)——2021年新课标全国卷Ⅰ例句
23
compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ vt.&vi. 组成;作曲;撰写 be composed of 由……组成(或构成)的
1. composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn/ n. 作文;组成2. composer /kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/ n. 作曲家
1. be composed of(由……组成,无被动)2. compose music(作曲)
“compose=组成;作曲”,联想“多个部分组成整体”
The committee is composed of representatives from different departments.(委员会由来自不同部门的代表组成。)——2022年新课标全国卷Ⅱ例句
24
surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ n. 外科医生
surgery /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ n. 外科手术;外科学(同根词)
1. heart surgeon(心脏外科医生)2. lead surgeon(主刀医生)
“surgeon=外科医生”,联想“做外科手术的医生”
The surgeon spent 5 hours performing the complex operation.(外科医生花了5小时完成这台复杂手术。)
25
surgery /ˈsɜːdʒəri/ n. 外科手术;外科学
surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ n. 外科医生(同根词)
1. have surgery(做手术,=undergo surgery)2. plastic surgery(整形外科手术)
“surgery=外科手术”,联想“需要开刀的医疗操作”
He had to have surgery to remove the tumor in his lung.(他必须做手术切除肺部的肿瘤。)
26
liberation /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/ n. 解放;摆脱
1. liberate /ˈlɪbəreɪt/ vt. 解放;释放2. liberated /ˈlɪbəreɪtɪd/ adj. 解放的;自由的
1. the liberation of(……的解放)2. liberation from(从……中摆脱)
“liberate(解放)+ -ion”→解放
The liberation of the city brought an end to the war.(这座城市的解放结束了战争。)
27
shave /ʃeɪv/ vi., vt.&n. 剃(须发);刮脸 shave off 剃掉;刮去
1. shaver /ˈʃeɪvə(r)/ n. 剃须刀2. shaved /ʃeɪvd/ adj. 剃光的
1. shave one's face(刮脸)2. shave off one's beard(剃掉胡须)
联想“用剃须刀去除毛发”→剃;刮脸
He shaves every morning before going to work.(他每天早上上班前刮脸。)
28
beard /bɪəd/ n. 胡须;络腮胡子
bearded /ˈbɪədɪd/ adj. 留胡须的
1. grow a beard(留胡须)2. trim a beard(修剪胡须)
联想“男性下巴上的毛发”→胡须
His father has a thick beard that he trims every week.(他父亲留着浓密的胡须,每周都会修剪。)
29
disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ vt. 打扰;搅乱;使烦恼
1. disturbing /dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ/ adj. 令人不安的2. disturbance /dɪˈstɜːbəns/ n. 打扰;骚乱
1. disturb sb(打扰某人,常用礼貌表达:I'm sorry to disturb you)2. disturb the peace(扰乱治安)
“disturb=打扰”,联想“打断他人的平静”→搅乱
I'm sorry to disturb you, but could you pass me the book?(抱歉打扰你,能把那本书递给我吗?)
30
cigarette /ˌsɪɡəˈret/ n. 香烟;卷烟
cigarette smoke(香烟烟雾,固定搭配)
1. smoke a cigarette(抽香烟)2. cigarette pack(香烟盒)
“cigarette=香烟”,缩写可称“cig”(口语)
Smoking cigarettes is banned in all public buildings in this city.(这座城市的所有公共建筑内都禁止吸烟。)
31
specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. 专科医生;专家
1. special /ˈspeʃl/ adj. 特别的;专业的2. specialize /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ vi. 专门研究(搭配in)
a specialist in sth(……方面的专家/专科医生)
“special(专业的)+ -ist(人)”→专业人士→专家;专科医生
She is a specialist in children's mental health.(她是儿童心理健康方面的专家。)
32
consultant /kənˈsʌltənt/ n. 顾问;高级顾问医师
1. consult /kənˈsʌlt/ vt. 咨询;请教2. consultation /ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃn/ n. 咨询;会诊
1. management consultant(管理顾问)2. consult a consultant(咨询顾问)
“consult(咨询)+ -ant(人)”→提供咨询的人→顾问
The company hired a financial consultant to improve its budget.(公司聘请了财务顾问来优化预算。)
33
drug /drʌɡ/ n. 毒品;药物
1. drugstore /ˈdrʌɡstɔː(r)/ n. 药店(美式)2. drug abuse(药物滥用,固定短语)
1. illegal drugs(非法毒品)2. prescription drugs(处方药)
“drug=药物;毒品”,需根据语境区分
Taking illegal drugs can cause serious damage to the body.(吸食非法毒品会对身体造成严重伤害。)
34
skip /skɪp/ vt. 跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n. 蹦跳
无
1. skip a class(逃课)2. skip rope(跳绳,=jump rope)
联想“‘跳过’某环节,或‘蹦跳’的动作”
She often skips breakfast because she gets up too late.(她经常因为起得太晚而不吃早餐。)
35
dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ adj. 头晕目眩的
dizziness /ˈdɪzinəs/ n. 头晕
1. feel dizzy(感到头晕)2. dizzy from hunger(饿晕)
联想“站立不稳、眼前发晕的状态”→头晕目眩的
She felt dizzy after standing up too quickly from the chair.(她从椅子上起身太快,感到头晕。)
36
flu /fluː/ n. 流感
influenza /ˌɪnfluˈenzə/ n. 流感(正式名称)
1. have the flu(患流感)2. flu vaccine(流感疫苗)
“flu=流感”,联想“冬季常见的传染病”
He stayed home for a week because he had the flu.(他因为患流感在家待了一周。)
37
stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ vt. 激发;促进;刺激
1. stimulation /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 刺激;激励2. stimulating /ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/ adj. 振奋人心的
1. stimulate interest(激发兴趣)2. stimulate economic growth(促进经济增长)
“stimulate=激发”,联想“刺激某物使其活跃”
Interesting experiments can stimulate students' interest in science.(有趣的实验能激发学生对科学的兴趣。)
38
dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生
1. dental /ˈdentl/ adj. 牙齿的2. dentistry /ˈdentɪstri/ n. 牙科学
1. go to the dentist(看牙医)2. dentist's clinic(牙科诊所)
“dent-(牙齿)+ -ist(人)”→治疗牙齿的人→牙科医生
I need to see the dentist because I have a terrible toothache.(我牙疼得厉害,需要去看牙医。)
39
sugary /ˈʃʊɡəri/ adj. 含糖的;甜的
sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(r)/ n. 糖;vt. 给……加糖
1. sugary drinks(含糖饮料)2. sugary snacks(甜食)
“sugar(糖)+ -y”→含糖的;甜的
Too many sugary drinks are bad for children's teeth.(喝太多含糖饮料对儿童牙齿不好。)
40
nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果;螺母
1. nutritious /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ adj. 有营养的(关联词)2. peanut /ˈpiːnʌt/ n. 花生(常见坚果)
1. mixed nuts(混合坚果)2. crack a nut(敲开坚果)
联想“有坚硬外壳、可食用的果实”→坚果
She eats a handful of nuts every day to get more protein.(她每天吃一把坚果来获取更多蛋白质。)
41
skateboard /ˈskeɪtbɔːd/ n. 滑板 vi. 滑滑板
skateboarder /ˈskeɪtbɔːdə(r)/ n. 滑板爱好者
1. ride a skateboard(滑滑板)2. skateboard park(滑板公园)
“skate(滑冰)+ board(板)”→滑板
Teenagers often ride skateboards in the park on weekends.(青少年周末常在公园滑滑板。)
42
dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的
dynamics /daɪˈnæmɪks/ n. 动力学;动态
1. dynamic person(充满活力的人)2. dynamic market(动态市场)
“dynamic=活力的”,联想“充满能量的状态”
Our new manager is a dynamic leader who inspires the team.(我们的新经理是位充满活力的领导者,能激励团队。)
43
stressed out 焦虑不安;心力交瘁
无
feel stressed out(感到焦虑不安,因压力导致)
“stressed(有压力的)+ out(耗尽)”→压力耗尽精力→焦虑不安
She's been feeling stressed out lately because of her upcoming exams.(她最近因为即将到来的考试感到焦虑不安。)
44
worn out 筋疲力尽的;疲惫的
无
1. be worn out(筋疲力尽,=tired out)2. worn-out clothes(破旧的衣服,adj. 用法)
“worn(磨损的)+ out(完全)”→“累到像被磨损”→疲惫的
After a long day of work, he was completely worn out.(工作了一整天后,他筋疲力尽。)
45
bowling /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ n. 保龄球运动
无
1. play bowling(打保龄球)2. go bowling(去打保龄球)
联想“用球击倒瓶状目标的运动”→保龄球
We usually go bowling with friends on Friday nights.(我们周五晚上常和朋友去打保龄球。)
46
comedy /ˈkɒmədi/ n. 喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目
1. comic /ˈkɒmɪk/ adj. 喜剧的;滑稽的2. comedian /kəˈmiːdiən/ n. 喜剧演员
1. comedy film(喜剧电影)2. stand-up comedy(单口喜剧)
“comedy=喜剧”,区别于“tragedy(悲剧)”
We watched a funny comedy last night and laughed a lot.(昨晚我们看了一部有趣的喜剧,笑了很久。)
47
monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adv.&adj. 每月;每月一次的 n. 月刊
month /mʌnθ/ n. 月
1. monthly magazine(月刊杂志)2. meet monthly(每月开会)
“month(月)+ -ly”→每月的;每月一次
This magazine is published monthly and has a large readership.(这本杂志每月出版,拥有大量读者。)
48
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns; NAmE -ˈhæns/ vt. 提高;增强;增进
enhancement /ɪnˈhɑːnsmənt/ n. 提高;增强
1. enhance one's skills(提高技能)2. enhance the quality(提升质量)
“enhance=提高”,联想“让某物变得更好”
Reading widely can enhance your vocabulary and writing ability.(广泛阅读能提高你的词汇量和写作能力。)——2023年新课标全国卷Ⅰ例句
49
refresh /rɪˈfreʃ/ vt. 使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新
1. refreshing /rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/ adj. 提神的;清爽的2. refreshment /rɪˈfreʃmənt/ n. 点心;提神物
1. refresh oneself(恢复精力)2. refresh a web page(刷新网页)
“refresh=恢复”,联想“疲劳后恢复精力”
A cup of iced tea refreshed her after playing sports.(运动后,一杯冰茶让她恢复了精力。)
50
absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ vt. 吸引全部注意力;吸收
1. absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/ adj. 全神贯注的2. absorption /əbˈzɔːpʃn/ n. 吸收
1. be absorbed in(全神贯注于,=be focused on)2. absorb water(吸水)
“absorb=吸收;专注”,联想“海绵吸水,人专注于某事”
She was so absorbed in her book that she didn't hear the doorbell.(她全神贯注地看书,没听见门铃响。)——2021年浙江卷例句
51
Aristotle /ˈærɪstɒtl/ 亚里士多德(古希腊哲学家)
无(专有名词无派生词)
1. Aristotle's philosophy(亚里士多德的哲学思想)2. ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle(如亚里士多德般的古希腊哲学家)
直接记忆“古希腊著名哲学家,亚里士多德”
Aristotle was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander the Great.(亚里士多德是柏拉图的学生,也是亚历山大大帝的老师。)
52
People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 中国人民解放军
无(专有名词无派生词)
1. join the People’s Liberation Army(参军)2. the PLA soldier(解放军战士)
直接记忆“中国人民解放军,缩写PLA”
The People’s Liberation Army plays an important role in protecting the country.(中国人民解放军在保卫国家方面发挥着重要作用。)
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$