英语中表示否定的前缀 课件-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦构词法中否定前缀核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理纯粹否定（dis-, in-, un-等）、错误（mis-）、反动作（de-）等四大类前缀用法，结合近五年高考真题统计，明确其在语法填空（约15%）、完形填空（语境词义辨析）中的高频考查维度，构建“分类-例词-语境”系统复习框架。 课件亮点是“考点精讲+真题实战+思维建模”策略，如以2022年全国乙卷语法填空“unnecessary”为例，详解un-前缀适用规则，培养语言能力与思维品质素养。设“前缀辨析表”（in-与un-对比）和“易错题库”（illegal/irregular混淆），通过每日真题片段训练助学生快速识别考点，教师可借学情诊断表定位薄弱点，实现高效备考。

Prefixes of negation 否定前缀 Zuminus Zhao September 16,2025 表示否定的前缀可分为四种: 纯粹表示否定的前缀，有a-，an-，dis-，il-,im-,in-， ir-, non-，un- 表示“错误”的前缀，有mis- 表示“反动作”的前缀，有de-，dis-，dys-,un- 表示“反对”的前缀，有anti-，contra-，counter- 前缀 a-,an-not, without, 用法 加在名词，形容词上 例词 原词 否定 moral amoral (与道德无关的ethically indifferent) sexual asexual centric acentric onymous署名的 anonymous 匿名的 1.纯粹表示否定的前缀 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 （2） 前缀 dis- 用法 加在动词,名词,形容词前 例词 loyal disloyal advantage disadvantage agree disagree like dislike believe disbelieve cover discover 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 1. We don't offer jobs to ________ (honest) people in Germany. 2. Most people ________(approve) of such violent tactics.多数人不赞同这类暴力手段。 3. The black car drove away from them and ___________(appear). dishonest disapprove disappeared 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 in-是来自拉丁语的前缀，主要有“not,the opposite of ”; “into, upon” 两种含义，这里只讨论第一种情况。 带有拉丁词尾-ate, -ant,-ent, -ite,-ible的词，否定前缀用in-，比如： inappropriate, incessant, indefinite, inaccessible,invincible, invisible等， 但也有例外，比如unfortunate. 前缀 in-(1)word-forming element meaning “not, opposite of, without” from Latin in- “not,” cognate with Greek an-, Old English un-, 与in-结合的词干均来自Latin. 用法 在形容词及其派生名词、副词上 例词 accurate inaccurate correct incorrect direct indirect complete incomplete ability inability active inactive 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 in-受首字母的同化，产生了三种变体：il-（在字母l前用），im-(在字母m，b，p前用)，ir-（在字母r前用） (also im-, il-, ir- by assimilation of -n- with following consonant, a tendency which began in later Latin) 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 il- legal---illegal, literate---illiterate, legible---illegible; logical---illogical im- mortal---immortal, balance---imbalance, possible---impossible, polite---impolite ir- regular-irregular, relative---irrelative， relevant-irrelevant, revocable---irrevocable 1.During the 1980s and 1990s, Tibetan antelopes were hunted________(legal), leading to a sharp drop in their population. 2. The differences between most of the groups were statistically ____________(significant); however,the participants in the 70 decibels( / ˈdesɪbel / n.分贝) group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. illegally insignificant 3.It can be difficult to start a hobby. You may have come across one that requires you to buy costly equipment. But the truth is that many hobbies can be started without much money. Find an ________ (expensive) hobby and pick something that is interesting and doesn’t require a lot of materials to start. inexpensive 前缀 un-not, the opposite of,from Old English. un-前缀来自英语本族语. 用法 用于大多数的形容词及其派生副词和名词上 例词 原词 否定 necessary unnecessary employment unemployment un- 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 1.以im-,in-开头的单词，不能再用in-,只能用un-,例如，unimaginable, unimpressive, unintelligent. 2.以-able,-ed,-like,-ly,-ful,-ing,-some 结尾的形容词多用un-,例如，unfashionable,unsuccessful, unfriendly,untroublesome. un-通常加于形容词前，in-通常加在形容词派生的名词前。 un- in- unjust 不公平的 injustice不公平 unequal不平等的 inequality不平等 ungrateful 忘恩负义的 ingratitude忘恩负义 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 1. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of _______ (eat)dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 2. We waste food_____________(intentional) at times. uneaten unintentionally （5） 前缀 non- 用法 一般用在名词上，用连词符号连接 例词 fiction non-fiction payment non-payment resistance non-resistance smoker non-smoker cooperation non-cooperation negotiable non-negotiable profit non-profit 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 In some languages, articles are _________(exist). That means learners of Russian, for example, don’t have to worry about ‘a’ and ‘the’. Lucky them! nonexistent 20 前缀 mis-“错误，坏”, a depreciative or negative element. 用法 大多用于动词，也用于动名词和名词 例词 judge misjudge understand misunderstand deed misdeed dealing misdealing take mistake 2.表“错误”的前缀 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 mal- "bad, badly, wrong" function malfunction adroit maladroit content  \ kən-ˈtent  \ malcontent(a./n.) education maleducation feasance malfeasance 22 Many people now _____________(understand) emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” He complained so much that he got a reputation for being a __________(content). she seems like a very _________  (content)person, always acting as if the entire world were out to get her misunderstand malcontent malcontent 前缀 de- 用法 加在动词，尤其是以-ate，-ize结尾的外来语动词上 例词 camp decamp colour染色 decolour漂白 mobilize动员 demobilize遣散 appreciate depreciate activate deactivate 3.表示“反动作”的前缀 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 前缀 un- 用法 用于动词及其派生词上，或把名词转成动词 例词 原词 否定 bend unbend放直 pack unpack打开行李 button unbutton解开钮扣 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 前缀 anti-against, opposed to, 用法 用于名词和形容词 例词 slavery anti-slavery social anti-social Christian Anti-Christian 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 4.表示“反对”的前缀 前缀 contra-against, in opposition 用法 在英语里构成的词不多 例词 contradiction矛盾 contrary相反的 contrast对比 contra-account抵账 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 4.表示“反对”的前缀 前缀 counter-against 用法 用在动词和名词上 例词 sign countersign attack counterattack反攻 act counteract还手，抵消 balance counter-balance抗衡 单击此处编辑母版文本样式 第二级 第三级 第四级 第五级 Fill the blanks with the correct forms of the words given in the brackets. 1.No one can ________(agree) that English is an important language to learn nowadays. But, most learners _______(like) learning English tenses. And they can become very___________(courage) when they don’t make the progress that they want. Learning with me can help those negative feelings _______(appear). I promise that your lessons will be ___________(forget)!   disagree dislike discouraged disappear unforgettable 2.While learning English there will be some instances of __________________(understand). In contrast to ‘not understanding’, if you misunderstand, you think you understand, and boldly go forwards. Usually doing the wrong thing. You can also ___________(interpret) someone’s actions towards you. An English man in Paris might be amazed to receive two kisses on the cheek from a lovely French lady, and may misinterpret this as love. Englishmen would be very ____________(inform) about French customs and behaviour. misunderstanding misinformed misinterpret $