2025年人教版九年级中考 阅读理解 理解词义课件

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦阅读理解词义猜测题，对接中考要求（如2021年题型由猜中文改为英文释义），梳理5种提问方式及“主题关联、构词法、上下文关系”等核心解题方法，按考查频率归纳考点分布，突出备考针对性。 课件亮点在于“方法拆解+真题示例+素养培养”模式，如通过构词法分析remove（re-+move）及Jordan案例的limb题，示范上下文逻辑推理，培养语言能力和思维品质。配套对点训练和易错点解析，助学生掌握技巧，教师可依此制定精准复习计划，提升备考效率。

第三节 阅读理解 第三部分 中考题型解题指导 a fat cat When pigs fly 肥猫 当猪在飞 If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ? Keep yourself calm ! Pay less attention to them and continue reading Guess the meaning 5 First, I’d like to know how long you have learnt English? What do you think of English learning? What is the most difficult part in English learning? What makes reading comprehension so hard for you? What do you usually do with the new words while reading, If the words have little effect on our understanding of the passage, we can ignore them and continue reading. But if the same words appear in the passage several times, we should get to know these words, looking them up in the dictionary is a good idea. But if we are taking some kind of test, we have to guess the meaning. 5 Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat. 大款、大亨 Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly. 不可能 How to guess the meanings of words ? 猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。 2021中考B篇阅读第59题词义猜测题由猜中文意思改为猜英文释义。 Guessing the meanings of words P288 ·英语 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The underlined word “…”in paragraph 3 probably means______. 2. The word “…” in the passage refers to/ stand for______. 3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph X? 4. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 5. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 1.根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。 一般来说,要查找的生词都是与揭示文章主题有一定联系的,如果能够把握好文章的中心,往往有助于猜测出文章中的生词的含义。 ·英语 【例题】Jordan was born with a disability.But she says her difference doesn’t hold her back—it makes her amazing. When Jordan was having a new dance class at the age of 8, she noticed that some kids were staring at her.The kids were looking at her left arm.It stops above the elbow(肘部). Each year, about 2,000 babies in the United States are born with limb differences, like Jordan was.That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg.With only one hand, Jordan has a tough time doing certain activities like tying her shoes.She sometimes uses a prosthetic(假体)arm to help her ride her bike. ·英语 分析:从首段可知Jordan是残疾人;结合下画线单词后一句“That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg.”可推断答案选C。 ( )What does the underlined word “limb” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Eyes or ears. B.Noses or mouths. C.Arms or legs. D.Hair or skin. ·英语 2.利用构词法猜测词义 构词法是一种能快速有效地判断生词含意的方法。英语中,常见的构词法主要有合成法、派生法和转换法(详见本书配套的“早读材料”中的“构词法”)。 英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的。理解某个派生词的词根含义以及前后缀的作用与含义,那么它的词性和含义就显而易见了。 ·英语 构词法 Word Formation 1. Synthesis method合成法 把两个或更多的词合成一个词。 home homework homeland homepage homemade hometown homesick heavy rain heavy news heavy food heavy appearance heavy sleeper heavy smoker 令人悲痛的消息 暴雨 粗陋的长相 油腻的食物 烟鬼 睡觉沉的人 superman upstair textbook handwriting microwave chatroom password 超人 楼上 课本 书写 微波 聊天室 密码 Can you guess the right meanings? 构词法 Word Formation 2. derivative method 派生法 在词根上加前缀或后缀来构成的新的词义。 dis- im- mis- un- non- 否定前缀 其它前缀 re- co- pre- post- tele- 重复 共同,平等 ---前 ---后 远程 mini- over- vice- en- recall coproduced preview postgraduate telescope 小 过 副 使…可能 minibus oversleep vice-president encourage disagreement, unbelievable 构词法 Word Formation 2. derivative method 派生法 在词根上加前缀或后缀来构成的新的词义。 可数名词后缀 disagreement, unbelievable -er -or -ian -ist -ese -ess -ment// -tion// -ness// -sion// -ing// -ship// -hood// -th builder director magician pianist Portuguese goddess poetess 名词后缀 -ed// -ing// -ful// -less// -ous// -y// -ish// -ive 形容词后缀 -ly// -ward//-wards 副词后缀 -ate//-en//-fy 动词后缀 构词法 Word Formation 3. transformation method 转化法 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词义不变的方法。 1. I usually walk to school. Let's go out for a walk. 2. Did you book a seat on the plane? Please hand me the book. 3. She nursed her husband at hospital. 4. We will try our best to better our living conditions. 5. The old in our country are living a happy life. 【例题】A two-year-old girl with a deadly cancer may have been saved by her $3 toothbrush.Katie Lolley was found to have a rare eye tumor(肿瘤) after a flashing light on the brush warned her mother of an uncommon white reflection(反射光) on her eye, reports The Sun. Doctors said they had caught it just in time to save Katie’s life, and would reportedly perform an emergency operation to remove her eye. “If it wasn’t for that flashing toothbrush, we may never have seen the tumor—at least, not until it was too late,” said Katie’s mother Rebecca. ·英语 (　　)The underlined word “remove” means “　　　　” in this passage.  A.take B.fix C.pick D.make 分析:remove的词根是move,前缀为re。 re-“相反;反对;不” + move“移动”→往反方向移动→移开,意为“患眼癌的眼睛需要摘除”,故选A。这篇短文中也有不少派生词和合成词,如: deadly(致命的),toothbrush(牙刷),uncommon(罕见的),reportedly(据报道),operation(手术),故可看出构词法在阅读理解过程中发挥着重要的作用。 ·英语 对点训练1 Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlandish town Nijmegen offers a new solution for those who are struggling from everyday challenges of student life and anxious uncertainty about the future—a “purification grave(净化坟墓)”. ( )The underlined word “uncertainty”means “　　　　”.  A.being sure B.being unsure C.being in order D.being in disorder B ·英语 3.根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。 同位关系是指文章中与之相关的同义词、同位语、定语(从句)等,如果能够借助它们的解释或定义,则很容易猜测出词义来。根据同义关系猜测词义,关键是要了解显示同义关系的线索。换句话说,破折号、逗号等标点符号,以及or, and, in other words, that’s to say, namely等词或短语就是这种线索。定语从句主要起修饰限制或补充说明先行词内容或性质的作用。因此,我们可以根据定语从句的内容推测出先行词的词义。 ·英语 对比关系是指上下文中的一些连词经常被用来表示转折关系,如果能够抓住说明事物的这种比较和对照的方法,就会给人“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉。常见的表示转折关系的词有but, however, instead, yet等。上文中的某些词或句子往往会为下文的生词埋下伏笔或做出暗示,也往往会在下文有回应的地方。 ·英语 【例题】Life is too short and uncertain.What I say is not new at all, but it is important.If you are reading this, I am no longer with you.You are alone now.I’m not there to help you or give you any kind of advice.But I have faith that the steps you take will be sound and wise. (　　)The underlined word “sound” means “　　　　” in the passage.  A.loud　 B.dangerous　 C.reasonable　 D.respectable ·英语 Learning to tell the truth, even at the risk of punishment, is an important part of moral(道德)development, and new research suggests it can take seven or more years for kids to get there. 对点训练2 Parents of very young children know this:You catch your child in the act of stealing the cookie—the evidence(证据)of candy written on his or her face.However, the kid often gives a denial, “I didn’t do it!”  ·英语 ( )The underlined expression “gives a denial” in Paragraph 1 means “　　　　”.  A.refuses to tell the truth　 B.decides to blame the parent C.prepares to accept the truth　 D.begins to shout at the parent A ·英语 Tom saw an owl in a tree last night． A．a bird B．an animal C. a star Tom saw an owl last night． A．a bird B．an animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near． A．a bird B．an animal C. a star A A B C A B (n. 猫头鹰) 3）The children are looking at an ape. A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo． A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo． A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird (n. 猿) 4.根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。 有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果,因果关系是文章中一种普遍的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因,结果也就知道了;反之,如果知道了结果,原因也就不难发现。 With the help of conjunctions like: （原因）because、as、since、for （结果）so、thus、as a result、therefore、so that ... ·英语 Lunch was terrible.Mum kept trying to start a conversation,but neither Jim nor I would say much.Something unpleasant happened, but I didn’t mean to do it.When I was handing Jim his blackberry pie,the plate slipped and the dark purple berries stuck to his shirt and tie. 【例题】For a long time, Mum and I lived a peaceful life.Then one day,Jim came over for lunch, wearing a blue suit with a short brown tie and a green shirt.I couldn’t believe he was going to be my stepfather(继父). ·英语 I was mortified.My face turned bright red.Jim looked very surprised at first, but then he began to laugh.I started to laugh, too.Then I had a quick look at my mother.She looked happier than I had seen her before. (　　)The underlined word “mortified” means “　　　　 ”.  A.happy B.bored C.embarrassed D.angry ·英语 对点训练3 Dong was born in a highly-educated family in 1973.She has a great love for traditional literature(文学) from an early age.In 2015 when she was about to study in the US, Dong received an invitation from the director of Chinese Poetry Conference asking her to be the hostess.Because of her passion for traditional literature, Dong accepted the offer. “The contest interests me very much.Hosting is a process of learning about poetry and performing,”said Dong.To her great joy, the show has become more and more popular. ·英语 (　　)The underlined word “passion” means “　　　　” in the passage.  A.love B.happiness C.surprise D.pride A ·英语 5.根据生活经验或常识Common sense 猜测词义。 已有的生活经验和常识,往往会给阅读后的理解提供有力的支持。借助已有的,推测陌生的,这就上升到了能力的提高,使生词的破解成为可能。 如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。 ·英语 For some people, rationing (定量供应)now becomes normal.Kelson da Cruz keeps one container of water near the shower.He uses another for brushing his teeth and washing his face.He uses non-drinking water to flush the toilet. 【例题】Across the city, people are making an effort to save water.They are taking 90-second showers.They are washing their clothes less often.Using tap water to wash cars or fill swimming pools is not allowed.Those caught using too much water are punished. ·英语 (　　)The underlined word “flush” means 　　　　in the passage.  A.wash　 B.fill　 C.paint　 D.drive 分析: 从上文“Across the city, people are making an effort to save water.”可知人们在努力节约水资源;结合生活常识可知,居民通常用非饮用水来冲洗厕所这种方式节约水资源,故选A。 ·英语 1.Vegetable oil is a part of our cuisine and we don't even think twice about it. What's the meaning of “ cuisine”? A. cooking B. sleeping C. travelling D.dressing 补充训练 2. A person may have the gaming disorder if gaming has done harm to his or her relationships with family and friedns. Gaming may also disrupt his or her everyday activities. What's the meaning of “ disrupt”? A. be valuable to B. have a bad influence on C. have nothing to do with D.change in some way 当堂训练 完成 3 / 7 / 12 / 18 / 24 $