Unit 1小测 2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）八年级英语上册

2025－2026学年（上）八年级英语U1 基础知识 (60分) 班级____________ 学生姓名___________ 总分______________ 一、务实基础 （1）. 根据中文默写短语。（每空1分，共9分） 历史悠久 一种 灭绝；消失 与...相似 与... 属于同类 出生 要么...要么... 在...方面有天赋 起到重要的作用 （2）. 根据课文内容及所给首字母完成下列短文。 （每空1分，共10分） Look it up！ Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da vinci, Leonardo Leonaido da Vinci was b________(1) in the c________(2) in 1452. From an early age, he showed great i________(3) and artistic a________(4). His painting the Mona Lisa, is p________(5) the most famous painting in the world. He was also an i________(6) and had many famous i________(7). Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on e________(8) two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat.Dinosaurs came in different s_______(9). Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were a________ _______ ________ (10) ten elephants. Some could even fly. （3） 单词拼写。(5分) 1．She is a t_________ singer and won the school music competition. 2. Can you help me r_________ the score of our basketball game? 3．Everyone felt sorry for the old cat’s d_________ last month. 4．The w__________ class cheered when we won the football match. 5 . The little dog looked sad, and I could see its s___________ . 二、综合能力 1. 完成句子（每题2分，共10分） （1） 我的朋友和我一样友好。 My friends ________ ________ ________ ________ me. （2） 她于2020年9月10号出生于法国。 She ________ ________ ________ France ________ September 10, 2020. （3） 如果你想要理解这个新词，你最好在词典里查阅。 If you want to understand this new word, you had better ________ ________ ________ in the dictionary. （4） 世界其他地区的百科全书也有着悠久的历史。 Encyclopaedias in other parts of the world also ____ ______ _____ _______ ____in history. (5 )到现在为止，要么护士，要么医生们已经检查了病人的基本情况。 So far, ____________the nurses ____________the doctor ____________ ____________the patient’s basic situation. 2. 单项选择（每空1分，共6分） ( ) 1. There is not ____ meat in my bowl. There is _____ chicken in it. A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some ( ) 2. Could you do______for me, please? A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything ( ) 3. The bottle is empty. There is______ in it. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ( ) 4. —Did you find ____ in the room? —No, we found ____ there. A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody ( ) 5. Listen to me. I have_______ to tell you. A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. nothing new ( ) 6. By the way, is there ______ in today’s newspaper? 1. something new B. anything new C. new something D. new anything 3. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（每空1分，共10分） 1．My friend Mary comes from Italy, so she is an ________(Italy)． 2．She likes listening to ______(musician)． 3．You’ll find that the plan _________(include)most of your suggestions. 4．Their daughter is very _______(intelligence)． 5．This great _______(invent)invented a lot of useful _______(invent)． 6．All the dinosaurs _____(die)out all of a sudden. 7．Thomas Edison was a great _____(science)． 8．______(sudden), a fire broke out and the people rushed out of the building. 9．He is a man of great _______(able), and he can manage everything well. 10．It’s _______(use)to have an encyclopaedia. 4. 语法选择（每空1分，共10分）。 People call Mary’s grandmother a “walking encyclopedia” because she_____1____so much. She could probably write an encyclopedia on her own, without the assistance of anyone else! When she takes part in quizzes, she always_____2____. She knows the_____3____to all the questions and never gets____4____. “How do you know so many things?” Mary asked her. “There are two____5____.” she replied. “First, I never forget anything I read or hear. All the____6____I get from books or television programmes is stored inside my head. I particularly like reading life stories, so I know a lot about many famous people. Second, I have had a long and interesting life. I have done many____7____things. When I left school, I became a nurse and learnt a lot____8___health and medicine. Then I married your grandfather. He was a naturalist and studied plants and animals. His job took us so many different parts of the world, and I learnt about many countries and their wildlife. Then my sons — your father and his two brothers were____9____. They grew up and____10____all kinds of sports, so I learnt the rules of many sports from them.” 1．A．thinks B．says C．travels D．knows 2．A．wins B．loses C．makes D．worries 3．A．things B．subjects C．answers D．words 4．A．something wrong B．anything wrong C．wrong something D．wrong anything 5．A．problems B．reasons C．answers D．facts 6．A．stories B．ideas C．pictures D．knowledge 7．A．different B．same C．difficult D．hard 8．A．from B．with C．about D．at 9．A．big B．born C．young D．good 10．A．liked B．kicked C．found D．Looked 5. 阅读理解（每空2分，共10分） If you have heard of Lenoardo Da Vinci, you must know something about the Mona Lisa. Maybe it is the most famous painting in the world. Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519. In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the museum hidden under his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later. During World War II, French hid the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces. Nowadays we can still enjoy the beautiful painting in the Louvre Museum(卢浮宫), Paris now. However, the health of the famous picture is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed. The museum said, “Visitors have noticed changes but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their modern chemical state.” Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many are attracted by the mystery of her smile. “It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling ,and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. “It’s because direct vision is excellent at picking up detail, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadow.” Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell. ( ) 1. According to Para. 2, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. The Mona Lisa was sold to France’s King Francis III in 1519. B. In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a farmer. C. The painting was sent back to France in 1913. D. During World War II, Germans stole the painting. ( ) 2. “The health of the famous picture is getting worse by the year.(in Para. 3)” means the Mona Lisa _________. A. is losing its value B. is being damaged after so many years C. is getting more valuable with years passing D. will be stolen ( ) 3. We can infer(推断) from the article that experts haven’t any repairs on Mona Lisa because___. A. it’s now in a poor chemical state B. they don’t know the painting is damaged C. they don’t have the materials Da Vinci used D. they are afraid it’ll be done further damage ( ) 4. The smile of the Mona Lisa can only be seen _________. A. by indirect vision B. at a distance C .by direct vision D. in shadows ( ) 5. From the last paragraph, we can infer that _________. A. many interesting stories have been written about the Mona Lisa B. people are interested in the stories about the Mona Lisa C. some mysteries still remain to be solved about the Mona Lisa. D. many more stories will be told about the Mona Lisa 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ # 2025－2026学年（上）八年级英语U1基础知识答案详解 ## 一、务实基础 ### 1. 根据中文默写短语 1. **go back a long way**：“历史悠久”常用此固定短语， 2. **a kind of**：“一种”的标准表达，后接可数名词单数或不可数名词，例如“a kind of fruit”（一种水果）。 3. **die out**：“灭绝；消失”的固定动词短语，主语常为物种、文化等，如“Many animals died out in the ice age.”（许多动物在冰河时代灭绝了）。 4. **be similar to**：“与……相似”，“similar”是形容词，需搭配系动词“be”，如“Her hobbies are similar to mine.”（她的爱好和我的相似）。 5. **be in the same category as**：“与……属于同类”，“category”表示“类别”，该短语强调归属同一类别，例如“Dogs and wolves are in the same category as mammals.”（狗和狼与哺乳动物属于同类）。 6. **be born**：“出生”，常用“be born in+地点”“be born on+日期”结构，如“He was born in Beijing on May 1st.”（他5月1日出生在北京）。 7. **either...or...**：“要么……要么……”，连接两个并列成分，遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词单复数由靠近的主语决定，如“Either you or he is right.”（要么你对，要么他对）。 8. **be talented in**：“在……方面有天赋”，“talented”是形容词，“in”后接领域或技能，例如“She is talented in playing the piano.”（她在弹钢琴方面有天赋）。 9. **play an important role**：“起到重要的作用”，“play a(n)+形容词+role”是固定搭配，“in”可接具体领域，如“Computers play an important role in our daily life.”（电脑在我们日常生活中起到重要作用）。 ### 2. 根据课文内容及所给首字母完成短文 1. **born**：“be born”为固定搭配，意为“出生”，符合语境“列奥纳多·达·芬奇于1452年出生在……”。 2. **countryside**：结合常识，达·芬奇出生于意大利乡村，“in the countryside”表示“在乡村”，故填“countryside”。 3. **interest**：“show great interest”意为“表现出极大的兴趣”，“interest”此处为名词，符合“他从小就表现出极大的兴趣和艺术……”的语境。 4. **ability**：“artistic ability”表示“艺术才能”，“ability”是名词，与前文“interest”并列，指他具备艺术方面的能力。 5. **probably**：此处需填副词修饰形容词“most famous”，“probably”意为“可能”，符合“《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画作”的语义。 6. **inventor**：根据后文“had many famous inventions”（有许多著名的发明）可知，他也是一位发明家，“inventor”表示“发明家”，名词词性。 7. **inventions**：“invention”是“invent”的名词形式，意为“发明物”，“many”后接可数名词复数，故填“inventions”。 8. **either**：“either...or...”为固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，此处表示“恐龙用两条或四条腿走路”，故填“either”。 9. **sizes**：根据后文“Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were...ten elephants.”（有些恐龙和鸡一样小，有些和十头大象一样……）可知，恐龙有不同的尺寸，“size”表示“尺寸”，“different”后接复数，故填“sizes”。 10. **as big as**：“as+形容词原级+as”表示“和……一样……”，前文提到恐龙尺寸不同，此处指有些恐龙和十头大象一样大，“big”表示“大的”，故填“as big as”。 ### 3. 单词拼写 11. **talented**：根据后文“won the school music competition”（赢得学校音乐比赛）可知，她是一位有天赋的歌手，“talented”意为“有天赋的”，形容词修饰名词“singer”。 12. **record**：“record the score”表示“记录分数”，“help sb. do sth.”后接动词原形，故填“record”，符合“你能帮我记录我们篮球比赛的分数吗”的语境。 13. **death**：“the old cat’s”后接名词，“death”是“die”的名词形式，意为“死亡”，符合“上个月大家都为那只老猫的死亡感到难过”的语义。 14. **whole**：“the whole class”表示“整个班级”，“whole”强调“全部的、整体的”，符合“当我们赢得足球比赛时，整个班级都欢呼起来”的语境。 15. **sadness**：“its”后接名词，“sadness”是“sad”的名词形式，意为“悲伤”，符合“小狗看起来很伤心，我能看到它的悲伤”的语义。 ## 二、综合能力 ### 1. 完成句子 1. **are as friendly as**：“和……一样友好”用“as friendly as”表达，“friendly”是形容词原级，主语“My friends”是复数，系动词用“are”。 2. **was born in; on**：“出生于某地”用“be born in+地点”，“出生于某日期”用“be born on+日期”，主语“she”是单数，时态为过去时，系动词用“was”。 3. **look it up**：“查阅（单词等）”用“look up”，代词“it”需放在“look”和“up”中间，“had better”后接动词原形，故填“look it up”。 4. **have a long history**：“有悠久的历史”用“have a long history”，主语“Encyclopaedias”是复数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用“have”。 5. **either; or; has checked**：“要么……要么……”用“either...or...”，遵循“就近原则”，主语“the doctor”是单数，时态为现在完成时，谓语动词用“has checked”；“检查”用“check”，现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”，“check”的过去分词是“checked”。 ### 2. 单项选择 1. **B**：“some”常用于肯定句，“any”常用于否定句和疑问句。第一句“there is not...”是否定句，用“any”；第二句是肯定句，用“some”，故选B。 2. **C**：“something”常用于肯定句或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句，“anything”常用于否定句和疑问句。此句“Could you do...for me?”是希望得到肯定回答的请求，用“something”，故选C。 3. **C**：根据“the bottle is empty”（瓶子是空的）可知，里面什么都没有，“nothing”表示“没有东西”，故选C。 4. **A**：“anybody”常用于否定句和疑问句，“somebody”常用于肯定句，“nobody”表示“没有人”。第一句是疑问句，用“anybody”；第二句“No”表示没找到人，用“nobody”，故选A。 5. **B**：形容词修饰不定代词需后置，排除C；此句是肯定句，“anything”常用于否定句和疑问句，排除A；根据“Listen to me”可知，有事情要告诉对方，不是“没事情”，排除D，故选B。 6. **B**：形容词修饰不定代词需后置，排除C、D；此句是疑问句，“something”常用于肯定句或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句，此处无希望得到肯定回答的语境，用“anything”，故选B。 ### 3. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. **Italian**：“Italy”是“意大利”，此处表示“意大利人”，用“Italian”，且“an”后接可数名词单数，故填“Italian”。 2. **music**：“listen to”后接名词，“musician”是“音乐家”，“听音乐”用“listen to music”，故填“music”。 3. **includes**：主语“the plan”是单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词“include”用第三人称单数形式“includes”。 4. **intelligent**：“is”后接形容词作表语，“intelligence”是名词，形容词形式为“intelligent”，意为“聪明的”。 5. **inventor; inventions**：第一空“great”后接名词，“invent”的名词形式“inventor”表示“发明家”，符合“这位伟大的发明家”；第二空“many”后接可数名词复数，“invention”表示“发明物”，复数形式为“inventions”。 6. **died**：“die out”表示“灭绝”，根据语境“所有恐龙突然灭绝”，时态为过去时，“die”的过去式是“died”。 7. **scientist**：“science”是“科学”，此处表示“科学家”，用“scientist”，“a”后接可数名词单数，故填“scientist”。 8. **Suddenly**：此处需用副词修饰整个句子，“sudden”是形容词，副词形式为“suddenly”，句首首字母大写，故填“Suddenly”。 9. **ability**：“great”后接名词，“able”是形容词，名词形式为“ability”，“a man of great ability”表示“很有能力的人”。 10. **useful**：“it’s”后接形容词作表语，“use”的形容词形式为“useful”，意为“有用的”，符合“拥有一本百科全书是有用的”的语境。 ### 4. 语法选择 1. **D**：根据前文“a ‘walking encyclopedia’”（活百科全书）可知，她知道很多东西，“knows”表示“知道”，故选D。 2. **A**：根据“she knows the...to all the questions”（她知道所有问题的……）可知，她参加问答比赛总能赢，“wins”表示“赢”，故选A。 3. **C**：“the answers to the questions”是固定搭配，意为“问题的答案”，故选C。 4. **B**：形容词修饰不定代词需后置，排除C、D；此句是否定句，“something”常用于肯定句，“anything”常用于否定句，故选B。 5. **B**：根据后文“First...”“Second...”可知，此处是解释原因，“reasons”表示“原因”，故选B。 6. **D**：根据“from books or television programmes”（从书或电视节目中）可知，是获取知识，“knowledge”表示“知识”，故选D。 7. **A**：根据后文“became a nurse”“married your grandfather”等不同经历可知，她做过很多不同的事情，“different”表示“不同的”，故选A。 8. **C**：“learn about”是固定搭配，意为“了解”，此处表示“了解健康和医学方面的知识”，故选C。 9. **B**：“be born”表示“出生”，符合“然后我的儿子们——你爸爸和他的两个兄弟出生了”的语境，故选B。 10. **A**：根据“so I learnt the rules of many sports from them”（所以我从他们那里学到了很多运动的规则）可知，他们喜欢各种运动，“liked”表示“喜欢”，故选A。 ### 5. 阅读理解 1. **C**：根据第二段“it was sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519”（1519年卖给法国国王弗朗西斯一世）可知A选项“Francis III”错误；根据“stolen from the Louvre by a former employee”（被前员工偷走）可知B选项“farmer”错误；根据“In 1911...The painting was sent back to France two years later”（1911年被盗，两年后送回法国）可知1913年送回，C选项正确；根据“French hid the painting...keep it out of the hands of German forces”（法国人藏起画作，不让德国军队得到）可知D选项“Germans stole”错误，故选C。 2. **B**：根据后文“Visitors have noticed changes but repairing...is not easy”（游客注意到了变化，但修复并不容易）可知，画作状态变差是指多年后受到了损坏，“is being damaged”符合语义，A“失去价值”、C“更有价值”、D“会被偷”均不符合，故选B。 3. **D**：根据第三段“Experts are not sure about the materials...and their modern chemical state”（专家不确定达·芬奇使用的材料及其现代化学状态）可知，专家不修复是担心修复不当造成进一步损坏，A“化学状态差”是现状，不是不修复的原因；B“不知道画作损坏”与“Visitors have noticed changes”矛盾；C“没有达·芬奇使用的材料”文中未提及，故选D。 4. **A**：根据第四段“when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops”“It’s because direct vision...less suited to looking at shadows”（不看她时觉得她在笑，看她时就不笑了，因为直视擅长捕捉细节，不适合看阴影，而笑容画在阴影里）可知，只有间接看才能看到笑容，“indirect vision”表示“间接视觉”，故选A。 5. **C**：最后一段“Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell”（像许多老妇人一样，《蒙娜丽莎》有一些有趣的故事要讲），结合前文提到的笑容之谜、修复难题等，可推断关于《蒙娜丽莎》仍有一些谜团待解，A“已写了很多故事”、B“人们对故事感兴趣”、D“会有更多故事被讲述”均无法从最后一段推断，故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $